NFS Protocol: IBM Systems &technology Group

IBM Systems &Technology Group
NFS Protocol
N04_NFS
N04_NFS
February, 2007
2007 IBM Corporation
The N series as a File Server
N series
AIX
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February, 2007
OSI Layer
NFS is an application, running in OSI layer 7
N series support NFS versions 2, 3, and 4
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Layer 7
Application
Layer 6
Presentation
Layer 5
Session
Layer 4
Transport
Layer 3
Network
Layer 2
Data Link
Layer 1
Physical Link
February, 2007
Supports 3 Different Versions of NFS

Version 2
Version 3
Version 4
Based on RFC1094
Based on RFC1813
Based on RFC3530
Uses RPC protocol

based on RFC 1057
Uses RPC protocol

based on RFC 1057
Uses compound RPC

protocol based on
RFC 1831
Supports 32 bit file

size
Supports 32-64 bit file Supports 32-64 bit file

size
size
Stateless
Stateless
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Stateful,
no dependency on
NFS v2 & v3
February, 2007
What are Exports, Mount, Netgroup, and Subnet?

Exports
A file on the N series where the access permissions for resources
and targets are specified
Mount
A UNIX command that allows you to attach exported resources to a
mount point
Netgroup
Network groups database that describes network groups used for
access permission checking during mount requests
Subnet
A group of individual hosts that can be addressed through one
broadcast domain
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February, 2007
Exports and Mounts

The N series
/etc/exports file contains directories and files exported by the N
series to clients
Contains up to 10,240 entries with no limit to size of entry

Entry can span multiple lines
Entry consists of pathname and options
Enabled with the exportfs command or when volumes are created,
renamed, destroyed, or an upgrade is performed
Client
Mount command is used to attach a file system to the file system
hierarchy
Requires a mount point, usually a directory
Mounted directories are unmounted with the umount command
Mounted resources are included in the mount table (/etc/mnttab)
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List of Targets from the Filers Point of View

DNS subdomains
A secondary domain
Host (Client)
A host (client) is any computer with assigned IP address that has permission
to mount resources from a storage server. Hostnames can be configured in
the /etc/hosts and /etc/hosts.equiv files
Netgroup
/etc/netgroup file defines groups of host (clients) that the appliance uses for
processing access permission during remote mounts
Subnet
Portions of a network sharing common address format. Subnets are shown
in the /etc/exports file as follows:[network] IPAdd [netmask] netmask"
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February, 2007
List of Resources Which can be Exported

Volumes
File system that consists of one or more raid groups
Qtrees
Logical directory that resides in a volume
Directories
Containers of files
Files
Collection of data, records or information
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February, 2007
How to Configure NFS ? Options Command

options nfs.udp.enable
on
When enabled, NFS uses UDP

as transport
options nfs.webnfs.enable
off
Enables web-nfs
options nfs.export.pos.timeout
36000
Time out value for granted

NFS requests (value is in seconds)
options nfs.mountd.trace
off
Allows mount traces to be logged

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February, 2007
General Rules for Exporting Resources

Specify complete path name, must begin with /vol prefix
Example: /vol/vol0/home
Cannot export /vol; which is not a complete path name to

a file, directory, or volume
When you export a resource to multiple targets, separate
the target names with a colon (:)
Example: /vol/vol0/home rw=venus:mars
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February, 2007
Specific Rules for Exporting Resources (continued)

Export each volume separately
Storage appliance must resolve host names using dns, nis
or /etc/hosts
Export ancestors and descendants
ONTAP determines permissions by matching the longest
prefix
When providing an admin host during setup, and it is a
different DNS name, use Fully Qualified Domain Name
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February, 2007
Configuring /etc/exports from CLI

Volumes automatically exported if
Volume is created
vol create volnfs 2
Volume is renamed
vol rename volnfs vol2nfs
Qtrees exported by
Using exportfs command
Modifying the /etc/exports file
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February, 2007
The exportfs Command

exportfs [ -afiuv ] [ -o options ] [ pathname ]
exportfs [ -c ] host pathname [ ro | rw | root ]
Checks access cache for host permission
exportfs -s pathname
Verifies the path to which a volume is exported
exportfs -d
Reverts the access cache to the format prior to 7.0
exportfs -r
Ensures only persistent exports are loaded
exportfs -h
Displays help menu for all options
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February, 2007
Sample Output of Exports
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February, 2007
Exporting Resources to a Client (Host)

Requires IP address or host name of the client in the
/etc/exports file
Export the directory /vol/vol0/home to the client host1,
with IP address of 123.45.67.89 and assign read-write
permissions
blue5200A>exportfs o rw=123.45.67.89 /vol/vol0/home
or
blue5200A>exportfs o rw=host1 /vol/vol0/home
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February, 2007
Exporting Resources to a Subnet

Requires IP addresses and netmask values
Specified with the root, -rw and ro options
/vol/vtest/v50
/vol/vtest/v50
/vol/vtest/v50
/vol/vtest/v50
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rw=123.45.67.0/24
rw=123.45.67.0 255.255.255.0
root=123.45.67.0/24
ro=123.45.67.0 255.255.255.0
February, 2007
Exporting Resources to a Netgroup

Format of a netgroup entry
(hostname, username, domainname)
Create /etc/netgroup file with group names

Example
netA (host1,,) (host2,,)
netB (hostA,,) (hostB,,)
netC netA netB
Assign access permissions and include in /etc/exports file

Example
/vol/vol0 rw=netA
/vol/vol0/home ro=netB
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February, 2007
Access Restrictions
Access restrictions specify
Which host can mount a resource
Whether access is read-write (rw) or read-only (ro)
Whether the root user on the client can access the resource
Whether files can be created with the SETUID bit
The UID of the user accessing the resource
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February, 2007
Types of Access Restrictions

The root option
Determines the UID for the root user on the client
The rw option
Gives read-write access to specified hosts, if no host is
specified, all hosts have read-write access
The ro option
Gives read-only access to specified hosts, if no host is
specified, all hosts have read only access
The anon option

Determines the UID of the root user on the client
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February, 2007
How the Access Rules Work

Example
If the /etc/exports file contains
/vol/vol65 -ro=host1:host3,rw=host2,root=host2
then
Only host1,host2,and host3 can access /vol/vol65
Read/Write access is granted to host2
Read Only access is granted to both host1 and host3
Root access is granted to host2
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February, 2007
Specifying Root Restrictions

To give all clients root access
/vol/volnfs/qnfs anon=0
To give all users root access

/vol/volnfs/qnfs anon=root
To deny root access to all clients

/vol/volnfs/qnfs anon=65535
Mixed root access

/vol/volnfs/qnfs root=hostA:hostB,anon=65535
21
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February, 2007
Specifying rw and ro Restrictions

All hosts mount rw
/vol/volnfs/qnfs
Some hosts mount rw

/vol/volnfs/qnfs rw=host1:host2:host3
Only the listed hosts can mount this resource
All hosts mount ro

/vol/volnfs/qnfs ro
Some hosts mount read-only

/vol/volnfs/qnfs ro=host1:host2:host3
Only the listed hosts can mount the resource read only
22
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February, 2007
Mounting Resources from a N series

At the client
Create a directory (mount point)
<host>mkdir /nfsmount
To make the mounted directory persistent across reboots,

edit the /etc/vfstab file to include the following entries:
filer:/vol/vol0/home - /nfsmount nfs rw 0
The entry above automatically mounts the directory. User can only
make changes to content in /vol/vol0/home after mounting the
directory
To mount the filer directory, use the mount command from

the command line as follows:
mount <filer>:/vol/vol0/home /nfsmount
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February, 2007
Verifying Exported Files and Directories

On the N series:
exportfs (without option displays the exported files)
On a UNIX system
mount (without option displays mounted files)
showmount e filer_x
Displays list of mounts available from filer_X
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February, 2007
Configuring NFS with FilerView
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February, 2007
Configuring New Exports with FilerView
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February, 2007
Configuring New Exports with FilerView (continued)
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February, 2007
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February, 2007
Manage Exports with FilerView
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February, 2007
Manage Exports with FilerView (continued)
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February, 2007
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February, 2007
Questions or Comments?
N04_NFS
February, 2007

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IBM Systems &Technology Group

2007 IBM Corporation

IBM Systems &Technology Group

The N series as a File Server

2007 IBM Corporation

IBM Systems &Technology Group

2007 IBM Corporation

IBM Systems &Technology Group

Supports 3 Different Versions of NFS

Uses RPC protocol

Uses RPC protocol

Uses compound RPC

Supports 32 bit file

Supports 32-64 bit file Supports 32-64 bit file

2007 IBM Corporation

IBM Systems &Technology Group

What are Exports, Mount, Netgroup, and Subnet?

2007 IBM Corporation

IBM Systems &Technology Group

Exports and Mounts

Contains up to 10,240 entries with no limit to size of entry

2007 IBM Corporation

IBM Systems &Technology Group

List of Targets from the Filers Point of View

2007 IBM Corporation

IBM Systems &Technology Group

List of Resources Which can be Exported

2007 IBM Corporation

IBM Systems &Technology Group

How to Configure NFS ? Options Command

When enabled, NFS uses UDP

Time out value for granted

Allows mount traces to be logged

2007 IBM Corporation

IBM Systems &Technology Group

General Rules for Exporting Resources

Cannot export /vol; which is not a complete path name to

2007 IBM Corporation

IBM Systems &Technology Group

Specific Rules for Exporting Resources (continued)

2007 IBM Corporation

IBM Systems &Technology Group

Configuring /etc/exports from CLI

2007 IBM Corporation

IBM Systems &Technology Group

The exportfs Command

2007 IBM Corporation

IBM Systems &Technology Group

Sample Output of Exports

2007 IBM Corporation

IBM Systems &Technology Group

Exporting Resources to a Client (Host)

2007 IBM Corporation

IBM Systems &Technology Group

Exporting Resources to a Subnet

2007 IBM Corporation

IBM Systems &Technology Group

Exporting Resources to a Netgroup