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Test 2
Test 2
ADITHYA
PGPCPM-06
5801713140129
Test 2
Earthworks and Foundations
Earth works
Mechanical parameters
Machine type
Cutting type
Mechine dimensions
Cuttinghead type
Operational parameters
Technical parameters
Utility lines
Ground treatment
Labor availability
CONSTRUCTION CHALLENGES
Verticality.
exact verticality should be maintained during whole drilling
process
Water tightness
excavation to greater depth, it is crucial to maintain specified
level with as little leakage as possible. It is then essential to be
able to build the permanent wall according to specification.
Wear and tear
Due to the long drilling lengths tool wear may be high. Wear and
tear result in impede progress.
The holes for this operation are from 2 in. - 4 in. in diameter,
spaced 3 ft apart, and drilled 2 ft below the established grade of
the cut or the predetermined bench elevation. The maximum
depth of a pre-split lift is 30 ft. If a cut section requires more than
one lift, the holes are drilled in such a manner that the specified
offset for each succeeding lift is obtained. A horizontal distance of
2 ft off the back side of the paved side ditch line is required. The
pre-split face shall deviate no more than 6 in. from the front line
and 1 ft from the back line of holes. The pre-splitting operation is
kept well in advance of the regular blasting operations. The line
holes are to be fired before the main excavation is blasted.
Foundations
A. When considering the formwork for foundation pads
and beams, what factors would you consider important
before ordering the material?
Formwork means the temporary structure used to support a
permanent structure until the construction of the permanent
structure has advanced to the stage that it attains self-supporting.
Important aspects of the formwork operation are speed, safety,
and quality.
Speed. Speed of construction is defined as the rate in which
concrete building is raised and can be expressed in terms of
number of floors erected per week or months. Speed of
construction can be also measured in terms of inches or
millimeters of concrete poured per hour. Formwork operations can
control the pace of construction projects.
Safety Formwork operations are risky, and workers are typically
exposed to unsafe working conditions. Partial or total failure of
concrete formwork is a major contributor to deaths, injuries, and
property damages within the construction industry.
Quality The quality of concrete is dictated by the quality of
formwork materials and workmanship. some deformed concrete
surfaces are due to deformed formwork systems caused by
repetitive reuse and inadequate support of formwork.