cy Bela tarenyicrcdProgram Authors Frank Karpiel teaches t the Citadel Military College in South Carolina and earned his Ph.D degree in history from the University of Hawaii, His focus of study is world history and how cross-cultural interactions shape present-day human society. In addition to writing articles on a variety of historical topics for academic Journals, newspapers, and magazines, he has helped develop Web sites focusing on comparative cultural history/ geography. Kathleen Krull received a B.A. in English from Lawrence University in Appleton, Wisconsin, Today she is well known for her innovative approach to biographies for young readers. Her recent books include Lincoln Tells a Joke: How Laughter Saved the President (and the Country) (Harcourt); Lives of the Pirates: ‘Swashbucklers, Scoundrels (Neighbors Beware!) (Harcourt); The Brothers Kennedy: Jol, Robert, Edward (Simon 8 Schuster); The Boy Who Invented TV: The Story of Philo Farnsworth (Knopf); and more as featured at wwwkathleenkrall.com Forthcoming books include Charles Darwin, next in herGiants of Science” seri (Viking) and Kubla Khan: The Emperor of Everything (Viking). Kathleen lives in San Diego, California, with her husband, children's book writer and illustrator Paul Brewer, and from there travels frequently to speak about the craft and pleasures oF writing biographies. Program Consultant Grant Wiggins isthe President of Authentic Education in Hopewell, New Jersey. He earned his Ed.D, degree from Harvard University and his B.A. from St. John’s College in Annapolis, Maryland, Wiggins consults with schools districts, and. state education departments on a variety of reform matters; organizes conferences and ‘workshops: and develops print materials and Web resources on curricular change. Over the past 20 years, Wiggins has worked on some of the most influential reform initiatives in the country, including Vermont’ portfolio system and led Sizer’ Coalition of Essential Schools. He is the coauthor, with Jay MeTighe, of Understanding by Design and The Understanding by Design Handbook, the award-winning and highly successful materials on curriculum published by ASCD. He is also the author of Educative Assessment and Assessing Student Performance, both published by Jossey-Bass, eS ey F 4 Fy ie ny iu Ey r ry a S Ey 3 EW Gy Pa Ea = FY rs = a FA Sryerres TN3Academic Reviewers Barbara B. Brown Geoffrey Koziol Douglas Skopp African Studies Center University of California Department of History Boston University Department of History State University of New York at Boston, Massachusetts Berkeley, California Plattsburgh Plattsburgh, New York Christopher Key Chapple Huping Ling Department of ‘Theological Department of History David Webster Studies ‘Truman State University Department of Anthropology Loyola Marymount University Kirksville, Missouri Pennsylvania State University Los Angeles, California University Park, Pennsylvania Gordon Newby J.P. Dessel Department of Middle Eastern Department of History and South Asian Studies University of Tennessee Emory University Knoxville, Tennessee Atlanta, Georgia J. Michael Francis ‘Thomas J. Sanders Department of History Department of History University of North Florida United States Naval Academy Jacksonville, Florida ‘Annapolis, Maryland Judy E. Gaughan Department of History Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Brent Isbell Department of Religious Studies University of Houston Houston, TexasMaster Teachers and Contributing Authors George F Sabato Michael Yell Past President, California Council for Past President, National Council for | the Social Studies the Social Studies Placerville Union School District Hudson Middle School Placerville, California Hudson, Wisconsin Maureen Andreadis Lauryn Humpheis ‘Chuck Schierloh School for Creative and Jackson Middle School Tima City Academy of Learning Performing Arts Villa Park, Mlinois Lima, Ohio Cincinnati, Ohio Bonnie Lock Patricia Shelton Richard Coop La Center School District dle Middle Schoo! Shadow Ridge High School La Center, Washington Bellevue, Washington ‘Las Vegas, Nevada iDesteriiniie Chris Taylor Doug Fillmore Casey Middle School Liberty Elementary School Bloomington Junior High School Boulder, Colorado Boise, daho ial te TMs Charles Ogdan Amy Thornhill ‘Mare Fleming Sycamore Junior High Parkway School District Greece Central School District Cincinnati, Ohio Saint Louis, Missouri North Greece, New York Janie Phelps ‘Chuck Triplett Kristin Fox Orange County Public Schools Lindbergh School District Bernards Township Public Orange County, Florida Saint Louis, Missouri Schools __Tiferet Reilly Bernards Township, New Jersey parkland Magnet Middle School Marla Horwitz Rockville, Maryland Carl Sandburg Junior High Rolling Meadows, Illinois ST OTs eee re TTT nT TT BrererresContents Part 2 History and Geography Lesson 1 Measuring Time Lesson 2 Historical Sources Lesson 3 Archaeology and Other Sources Lesson 4 Geography’s Five Themes Lesson 5 Understanding Maps Lesson 6 Historical Maps Part 1 Assessment Citizenship and Economics Lesson 1 Foundations of Government: Lesson 2 Political Systems Lesson 3 Political structures Lesson 4 Citizenship Lesson 5 Economic Basics Lesson 6 Economic Process. Lesson 7 Economic Systems Lesson 8 Trade Lesson 9 Money Management Part 2 Assessmentide Navigator Part3 Culture 40 Lesson 1 What Is Culture? 42 Lesson 2 Religion a4 Lesson 3 Cultural Ditfusion and Change 45 Lesson 4 Science and Technology 48 Part 3 Assessment 50 2 Fa 5 Es F H Pn F Es Q FH H bs bs Ey fs ra 3 FE 3 tjUnit 1 Overview sz Chapter1 Early People 54 Mary Leakey: Exploring the Stone Age 55 Section 1 Studying the Distant Past 58 Section 2. Hunter-Gatherer Societies 6a Section 3 Populating the Earth 68 Chapter 1 Assessment 76 Chapter2 Beginning of Civilization 78 tery The Story of Gilgamesh np Section 1. Early Agriculture 82 Section 2 Cities and Civilizations 90 ‘Chapter 2 Assessment 98 Primary Source Digging for Clues 100it2 The Ancient Near Ea Unit 2 Overview 104 Chapter3 The Fertile Crescent 106 (Story, Cyrus the Great: \g of the World 107 Section 1. The Civilization of Sumer 110 Section 2 The First Empires 118 Section 3 The Assyrian and Persian Empires 124 ee Cee cee ore nme Section 4 The Phoenicians 132 Chapter 3 Assessment 138 Chapter4 Ancient Egypt and Nubia 140 Hatshepsut: Taking Power with Style 141 Section 1 Egypt Under the Pharaohs 144 Section 2 Art, Architecture, and Learning in Egypt. 152 Section 3 Egypt and Nubia 158 Chapter 4 Assessment 164 Chapter5 Judaism and the Jewish People 166 (Story. The Story of Ruth 167 Section 1 The Origins of Judaism 170 176 Section 3 The Jewish People 182 Chapter 5 Assessment 188 Primary Source Polytheism and Monotheism194 Chapter 6 196 197 200 Section 2 India’s Vedic Age 206 Section 3 Hinduism 212 Section 4 Buddhism 220 Chapter 6 Assessment 228 Chapter 7 India’s Empires 230 Story Emperor Ashoka and the Gift of Dirt 231 Section 1 The Maurya Empire 234 Section 2 The Gupta Empire 242 Chapter 7 Assessmentes A = Chapter Ancient China 250 Fs tty The Wisdom of Zhang Shi, Hy Mother of Mencius 251 Cy Section 1 Settling Along the Huang River 254 is Section 2 China Under the Zhou Dynasty 258 A Section 3 Religions and Beliefs of Ancient Chine 262. 3 Chapter 8 Assessment 268 be s Chapter9 The Chinese Em 270 z= ‘@iSt81Y An Emperor in this Life 0 and the Next a 8 Section 1 Shi Huangdi Unites China 274 cy Section 2 Expansion Under the Han Dynasty 278 Fa Section 3 Han Society and Achievements 282 Chapter 9 Assessment 288 Primary Source The Right Way to GovernUnit4 Ancient Greece Unit 4 Overview 294 Chapter 10 The Ancient Greeks 296 @iStery Pericles: Calm in the Face of Danger 297 Section 1 The Rise of City States 300 Section 2 Greek Society and Economy 306 Section 3 Democracy in Athens 312 Section 4 Oligarchy in Sparta 318 Chapter 10 Assessment 322 Chapter 11 Ancient Greek Civilization 324 @iSt8HP A Prophecy Fulfilled 325 Section 1 War in Ancient Greece 328 Section 2 Alexander's Empire 334 Section 3 Ancient Greek Beliefs and Arts 338 Section 4 Ancient Greek Learning 344 Chapter 11 Assessment 352 Primary Source Comparing Athens and Sparta 354Unit 5 Overview Chapter 12. The Roman Republic Story Tullia’s father saves the republic Section 1 The Rise of the Roman Republic Section 2 The Government of the Republic Section 3. Roman Society Section 4 The Republic's Growth and Crisis Chapter 12 Assessment Chapter 13. The Roman Empire and Chri: Story Paul's Shipwreck Section 1 The Roman Empire Section 2 Roman Culture and Its Legacy Section 3 Origins of Christianity Section 4 Beliefs of Christianity Section 5 Decline of the Roman Empire Chapter 13 Assessment Primary Source The Spread of Christianity World Atlas Landforms and Water Features Glossary Index Acknowledgments 358 360 361 364 370 376 380 384 458 UT Me Nil mCi) aS ree ic eee ey Tre ren