FEDUC CHAPTER 10 (MOTIVATION)

MOTIVATION
Refers to forces such as biologiocal, emotional,
cognitive, or social that causes an individuals
behaviour to initiate and carry out activities.
From the LATIN word MOTIVUS which means a
moving cause
In human beings, motivation comprises both
conscious and unconscious drives.

MOTIVES
Derives from LATIN word MOVERE means to
move
Classified into:
1. Primary motives hunger, thirst, sex, fear,
and avoidance of pain which are common
to both man and animals.
2. Secondary motives achievements,
power, and other motives exclusively for
man.

ABRAHAM HAROLD LINCOLN (1908-1970)

american humanistic psychologist, developed a
theory of motivation.
It explicit the course of action by which an
individual move forward from primary (basic) to
secondary (complicated) needs,
Human necessities motivated him to formulate
the famous hierarchy of human needs in order
to show that an individual cannot move forward
to other needs without satisfying first the
fundamental one.
Self-actualization
Esteem
Social
Safety and security
Physiological needs
THEORIES OF MOTIVATION
1. Instinct theory
are inborn and unlearned inclinations that
determine behaviours typically patterns of
responses of feeding, mating, and
parenting.
In animals, complex instinctive behaviours
are exhibited without learning and training
through the process of trial and error.

Human behaviours like aggression and

territoriality have instinctive elements.
An organism most of the time behaves in a
fixed way in the presence of a specific
environmental condition
SELF-PRESERVATION is an example of
instinctive behavior in which an organism,
man or animal, protect itself from sickness,
danger, and death in one way or another.
Most Filipinos, for instance, do not want to
override (masapawan o malamangan) by
others for they cannot accept defeat
maturely.
2. Drive-reduction theory
Two new concepts were develop to explain
human motivation: need and drive.
NEED is a physiological condition in which
an individual lacks something vital for
survival such as air, water, and food.
DRIVE is a powerful impulse that
motivates human behavior to reduce his
tension.
Once the need is satisfied, the body
returns to a more balance condition
(homeostasis)
D-R theory denotes decrease of tension
that an individual acts so that his body will
return to its stabilized state. E.g. when
hungry we eat food to satisfy hunger
before ones feeling returns to normal
condition.
3. Incentive theory
Refers to some environmental factors
either material (money, token, gifts) or
non-material (applause, recognition, or
appreciation) that motivates or encourages
an individual to perform an action for a
reward. e.g. will be treated to Jollibee
when a child got a perfect score in the
major exam.
4. Cognitive theory
EXTRINSIC motivation refers to any
volition of sn individual to obtain external
rewards like trophies, house and lot,
money, e.g. the voice after winning will
receive rewards.
INTRINSIC motivation refers to any
human action in which he believes that
such activities are self-fulfilling (inwardly)
without expecting any external rewards.
Fundamental concepts includes:
a. Expectancy theory refers to the
expectation or prospect an individual
has and the value of goal, which he
strives for. Individual is motivated to
obtain his goal, which he expects as
valuable.

b. Attribution theory refers to how

an individual makes judgement about
his own or others behavior. When
succeeded, he attributes his success
to his ability and skilfulness.
c. Cognitive dissonance results
from inconsistencies to elements like
beliefs, behaviours, and attitudes. It
is considered to be unfavourable
state that causes mechanisms to
bring cognitions back into a
consistent relationship with one
another. E.g. the learner was
instructed and taught by his teacher
to behave according to Christian
moral norms but he was influenced
by the conduct and attitudes that
deviate from religious one. The
student gets confused between the
two opposing behaviours. One he
believes is true norms and the other
actions of the majority in the
environment.
d. Self-perception theory offers an
individual
analyzes
his
own
behaviour and reflects or assesses
why he is motivated to do what he
does. Actions beget consequences
that may be pleasant for the doer or
unpleasant for others, or vice versa.
E.g. students who did not pay
attention to his study then later own
could not find a good job for they do
not have diploma that certifies their
competencies.
e. Self-actualization fulfilment of
ones unique potential.
5. Arousal theory
a. James-Lange theory this suggest
that an individual perception of
emotion depends upon bodily
responses a person makes to a
specific arousing situation. It may
serve as a challenge to the learner to
study hard when his academic
performance is going down. E.g. I felt
sad when my grade was only 80 and
the highest was 90 Ill study harder
next time.
b. Cannon-Bard theory it implies
that any decision should not be
controlled by emotion rather it must
be guided by reason and personal
disposition free from passion. E.g.
when a learner fails, he should learn
how to face that challenge and

overcome it. Teardrops cannot alter

the failed exams, but serve only as
catharsis.
c. Schachter-Singer theory it
speculates that when an individual
experiences anger due to any
unpleasant emotional condition, his
feeling overpowers him up to the
point that he acts unreasonably.
SELF-CONTROL has to govern all
emotions in order to maintain
equilibrium. E.g. inside out. hihi

HEIRARCHY OF HUMAN NEEDS

1. Physiological
Starting point of other needs
Anyone should be satisfied with the
following vital needs (air, water, food,
sleep, and shelter) before can proceed
to other higher needs
SURVIVAL is what man needs in this
level so that he can proceed to another.
E.g. hindi papasok ang pinag aralan
kung kumakalam ang tiyan.
2. Safety
Safety, security, protection
An individual needs to be safeguarded
throughout
his
life
from
both
psychological (mga alalahanin) and
physical (mga karamdaman) harms.
In this level, MONEY as means of
commerce has a very important role in
him. Money can move everything, even
the impossible things.
3. Social: love and belongingness
Need to be with others
It expresses how an individual wishes to
marry, have a family, or be a member of
any religious or non-sectarian group
BUT it doesnt mean that when an
individual reaches the third level of
needs he may no longer retreat from the
first or the second level.
Being in the third level an individual
manifests that his first and second levels
of needs are both satisfactorily attained
and maintained.
E.g. when got married they promised to
stay together for richer or poorer but
when economic situation arises one of
them will work aboard to earn and
support physiologic needs. Even needs
for security and protection are affected.
4. Esteem
Lower and higher needs

 LOWER ESTEEM needs include respect

of others, need for status, fame, glory,
recognition,
attention,
reputation,
appreciation and dignity.
HIGHER ESTEEM needs comprises
need ofr respect that involves selfconfidence,
achievement,
mastery,
independence, and freedom.
SELF-ESTEEM for many is less
regarded
especially
when
some
individuals feel and experience the socalled INFERIORITY COMPLEX which
refers to an overdeveloped sense of
being subservient to others that can be
manifested in either withdrawn or
aggressive social behaviour.
SELF-ESTEEM may be experienced by
students inside the classroom when they
earn respect, recognition, appreciation,
and honor from their classmates and
teacher.
Consequently,
superiority
complex
develops
inclination
to
dominate others.
E.g. si father. Ssshhh.
5. Self-actualization: fulfilments of ones unique
potentials
The HIGHEST LEVEL of human needs
Involves attaining ones goal
His moment an individual reached his
academic ambition nobody could take or
remove that higher degree from him.
They enjoy comfortably being alone and
love deeper personal relationship with
few close friends rather than shallow
relationship with many people.
On the CONTRARY, they are often
strongly motivated persons who alter
negative qualities in themselves that
could be changed.
SELF-ACTUALIZATION always serves
as a challenge to every individual to
pursue his future plans whatever may
occur to reach that goal.

E.g. the movie UP ung may cute na

batang boyscout at si lolo.

TEST
IDENTIFICATION
1. He constructed and developed the theory of
motivation.
2. It refers to forces as biological, emotional,
cognitive, or social that causes an
individuals behaviour to initiate actions.
3. It refers to an innate and unlearned
inclination that determines behaviour.
4. It is a powerful impulse that motivates
human behaviour to reduce his tension.
5. This theory refers to some environmental
factors either material or non-material that
motivate an individual to perform an action
for a reward.
6. This theory insinuates that an individual
attempts to maintain consistency in his
belief, behaviour, and attitude.
7. The theory offers that an individual analyzes
his own behaviour and reflects why he is
motivated to do what he does.
8. Known as the highest level based on
Maslows Hierarchy of human needs.
9. A type of motivation that refers to any
volition of a person to obtain external
rewards like trophies, money, and the like.
10. A kind of motivation which refers to ay
human action that is self-fulfilling without
expecting any external rewards.
God bless us all.
Just give our best shot!
Bernadette Palatino-Flordeliza