3C

3C.1

Moisture
Heating and Cooling
Many of us have encountered moisture and moisture related problems,
whether we are working with raw, coal or finish grinding mills. When we talk
about moisture, we also talk about heating (drying) and cooling mill circuits.
Mills themselves generate a lot of heat. For ball mills, 90% of the mill
motor power gets converted into heat. For bowl mills, it's about 75%.
Often when we need to dry materials, heat from the motor is not enough
and we are then forced to bring in an additional heat source (furnace, hot gases
from the kiln or cooler). Sometimes this extra heat is added to the separator and
the fresh feed is sent there first. This arrangement is called flash drying.
Sometimes the mill itself is designed to receive the hot gases. Vertical roller mills
and airswept ball mills with drying chambers are common examples.
In finish grinding, usually we seek to shed the excess heat, (some heat is
actually useful). So here we often use water to cool the system. We'll also
examine alternatives to water cooling.
With moisture our problem revolves around the inability for some reason
to handle the water without causing operational or quality problems. Most of it
is associated with condensation of water somewhere in the system.
3C.2

Dew Point Defined

Being able to measure wet and dry bulb temperatures and determining
the dewpoint is a very handy skill for troubleshooting moisture related
problems.
The dew point of any vapor is that temperature at which it will condense.
The higher the temperature of a gas, the more water vapor it can contain on a
mass basis without condensation of the water. If air contains a specified mass of
water, expressed in lbs. of water per pound of dry air (or kg/kg air), and the
temperature of the gas/water mixture drops below the dew point or saturation
temperature for that water concentration in air, then the water vapor will begin to
condense from the air.
Symptoms of operating a ventilation and dust collection system too near
its dew point are:
1)
Sweating and buildups in duct work.
2)
Increased dust collector pressure drop.
3)
System ventilation capacity decrease.

4)
5)

Mill puffing and/or backspilling.

Dust collector bag plugging.

A good general rule of thumb is that the dry bulb temperature in a gas
stream should be at least 50 F, (28 C) above the dew point temperature. The
dry bulb temperature is the actual gas stream temperature. The wet bulb
temperature is that temperature at which the heat being taken away from the
wet bulb of a wet bulb thermometer by the evaporation of water is equal to the
heat being input to the wet bulb by the force convection effect of the gas stream at
the bulb temperature.
The evaporation rate from the wet bulb is affected by the moisture content
of the gas stream vs. the moisture capacity of the gas. If the gas is dry the
evaporation rate from the wet bulb will be higher at the same dry bulb
temperature than if the gas is moisture laden. The higher the evaporation rate,
the more heat is being taken away from the wet bulb thermometer, and the lower
the equilibrium wet bulb temperature.
Therefore, a heavily moisture laden gas stream will have a higher wet bulb
temperature because of the lower evaporation rate, than a gas stream at the same
dry bulb temperature but with a lower moisture content; and, of course, a higher
wet bulb temperature at a constant dry bulb temperature means a higher dew
point temperature. As the dew point temperature approaches the dry bulb
temperature, dew point problems become more likely.
How to read the psychrometric chart
(Psychrometric Charts in both U.S. and Metric units can be found in the
Appendices)
The psychrometric chart can be utilized to determine the dew point
temperature of a gas stream from the wet and dry bulb temperature
measurements. The dry bulb temperatures are shown along the horizontal axis
of the chart. Wet bulb temperatures run diagonally across the chart and increase
from the lower left and to the upper right hand corner of the chart.
To determine the dew point temperature, locate the measured dry bulb
temperature on the horizontal axis. Follow this line up the chart until it
intersects the diagonal line representing the measured wet bulb temperature.
From the point of intersection of the wet and dry bulb temperature lines, follow

the nearest horizontal line to the left and read the dew point temperature (always
lower than the wet bulb temperature).
Examples:
Dry Bulb Temperature
Wet Bulb Temperature
Dewpoint Temperature

=
=
=

A
160 F
100 F
87 F

B
=
=

140 F
120 F
=
118 F

It's not very easy to read psychrometric charts. For those who want to be very
accurate, there are computer programs that will calculate psychrometric chart
values.
If you have a continuous problem, then the plant may wish to invest in a
dewpoint meter or monitor and install the instrument in the problem area.
(WARNING: very few of these instruments will work well in dusty gases. Check
closely with supplier - get references! This is fairly new technology. Early
models were not very reliable.)
3C.3

Internal Water Sprays in Ball Mills

Most cement finish mills employ some type of internal water spray to
control mill discharge temperatures. Through proper control of the mill internal
temperatures the operator influences:
a)

Gypsum dehydration which impacts false set performance (or in isolated

cases other types of setting).
b) Ball coating which influences grinding efficiencies and in the worst cases
grinding rates.
c) Mill sweep dust collector efficiencies (Bag coating for baghouses or gas
conditioning for ESP's).
Depending on the mill circuit, different locations can be used for effective water
sprays, but in all cases some atomization is required as well flowrates must be
regulated to some temperature setpoint.
3C.3.1 Feed End Water Sprays

Mechanically this is the simplest arrangement but in many cases the most
difficult to control. Usually the spray nozzle is located beside or is an integral
part of the feed spout assembly and sprays atomized water into the first
compartment. This type of water spray is usually very sensitive to abrupt
changes in feed material temperatures and characteristics.
Figure 1 illustrates what a cement mill shell temperature profile might
look like. (Note how the diaphragm and discharge grates act as heat sinks. In
addition this diagnostic technique has good resolution on high L/D ratio mills,
but gets poorer with shorter mills.) Generally the first compartment does not
generate as much heat as the second. Coupled with the influx of relatively cooler
fresh feed, causes the first compartment to grind at a much lower temperature.
This results in the first compartment being highly sensitive to:
a) Too much water input, (from either the spray or weathered clinker or wet
gypsum).
b) Over atomization.
c) Abrupt changes in clinker temperatures.
Usually this leads to backspillage and/or reduced production stemming
from either a plugged partition and/or excessive ball and liner coating. Hence,
good control is critical to feed end water sprays working well. Typically a fast
response thermocouple or RTD is inserted in between the diaphragm walls to
measure the product temperature leaving the first compartment. However, this
arrangement is often accompanied by the usual headaches associated with slip
rings.
Depending on the mill configuration, the temperature sensitivity may
limit the amount of water that can be injected at this end and thereby limit its
temperature control capabilities. High L/D ratio mills will have a greater
problem than mills with low L/D ratios.

Fig.1: Illustration of Water Spray Effects

Mill Shell Temp, % Range

90
80
70
60
50

DE Water Spray
Partiton Water Spray

40
Compartment 1

Compartment 2

30
0

20

40
60
80
% Distance from Mill Feed End

100

120

3C.3.2 Discharge End Water Sprays

Mechanically, this type of spray is located in the center of the end
compartment discharge grates and sprays water against the flow of material. It
generally works well in mills with relatively short compartments and low
internal mill sweep velocities. However this arrangement is particularly sensitive
to over atomization.
The finer spray droplets will have a greater tendency to be captured by the
mill sweep and be pushed up against the discharge grates. In the worst case, the
grates will plug. Moreover work done in Exshaw and at Woodstock suggests that
a discharge end water spray does not penetrate deeply into the compartment
itself. This is also illustrated in Fig. 1 where it shows that the discharge end
water spray localizes its cooling effect at one end of the mill, thus aggravating the
tendency to plug the mill discharge grates. Some plants use the smallest amount
of air possible but others will find that due to inadequate water pump pressures
compressed air is needed to ensure a high enough injection pressure.
3C.3.3 Partition Water Sprays
Mechanically this type employs water lines that are run along the mill
shell and then down in between the partition walls. The nozzle itself is located at
or near the center of the diaphragm, spraying water, with the material and air
flow into the end compartment. As shown in the same Figure, this type of water
spray tends to produce a flatter thermal profile suggesting a superior cooling

effect. Although to a far lesser degree, partition water sprays can still be over
atomized leading to plugging problems. In most cases though, it would lead to
just reduced cooling efficiencies.
Partition water sprays are however more susceptible to mechanical
difficulties than the other methods. For example, if there is some movement or
shifting of the partition (which in itself is trouble) could cause pipeline joints to
rupture leading to some great disasters.
3C.3.4 Control and Atomization
Water spray atomization is important to ensure adequate dispersion into
the load and to minimize the risk of localized cement hydration. Usually
compressed air is intermixed with the water flow to accomplish this. As
mentioned in the previous sections over atomization usually leads to plugged
mills. Thus some care is required in determining the appropriate air/water ratio.
Figure 2 is a plot of air/water ratios gathered empirically on an outdoor,
full scale test rig done at the Woodstock plant in 1966. During the tests, air flows
were adjusted until the same water spray plume was approximated for each new
water flowrate. Note how non-linear the relationship is. Recognize also that the
above curve is highly dependent on many physical characteristics such as nozzle
size, pump size, air pressure, etc. Repeating this test on a installed system would
be very impractical, but clearly the correct air/water ratio is important.
In most plants the main control point is the mill discharge product
temperature and generally this is adequate. Other plants also monitor mill
sweep temperature as well. With this extra thermocouple operators can fine tune
the water spray. In theory the mill sweep and discharge product temperature
should be close to the same temperature (except in high sweep mills). If too
much air is used, the water spray will become too fine which has a tendency to
cool the mill sweep first. With some experimentation the optimum settings can
be determined.

Fig.2: Water Spray Air/Water Ratio (for constant spray plume)

35
Air,SCFM

Air, SCFM

30

For 9/16" DIA. Nozzle

25

20
Based on empirical data gathered on a test rig at Woodstock Plant 1966.
Above ratios maintains a constant spray plume for increasing flow rates.
15
0

10

20

30

Water, USGPM

3C.4

Other Temperature Control Methods

There are a variety of other methods for controlling the milling
temperature. Some are obscure, others are not that effective and others still are
gaining new importance. In no particular order:
a)
b)

High mill sweep air flows (not practical on most mills built before 1980)
Fresh air intake and high separator venting (see "Influence of Circulating
Loads")
c) Water spray on the feed belt (risks prehydration)
d) Cooling jacket on the separator (not very good)
e) Water spray on the mill shell (great for leaky liner bolts, but very messy.)
Recognize that not all of the methods mentioned will work on any given
mill. Some are more suitable than others and the degree of effectiveness is
dependent on many different factors. If changes are being contemplated, some
care must be taken in selecting the right one.
3C.4.1 Influence of Circulating Loads

With the advent of highly swept mills and highly swept (high efficiency)
separators, it has become possible is to do away with internal water sprays. We
often overlook the fact the circulating load brings back a tremendous amount of
heat with it, into the system. Therefore:
1)
Cooling the rejects.
2)
Lowering the circulating load.
Will make the circuit operate cooler. Of the reverse is also true.
3)
Hot rejects.
4)
Increasing the circulating load.
Will make the circuit operate hotter.
These principles have been used on high efficiency separator installations.
Mills with HES units tend to run with low circulating loads and lot's of air
through the separator. They were so cool that:
a)
They did not need cement coolers.
b)
They did not need water sprays.
c)
They ran into quality control problems from having too low of a milling
temperature.
In response, the circuits now recirculated hot back through the separator
to keep the rejects temperature hot enough, to maintain a milling temperature
setpoint.
Raw mills that do not have enough drying capacity should take heed.
Lot's of hot rejects will easily maintain system up to temperature and even
improve on drying capacity.
3C.5

Flash Set and False Set

Gypsum and anhydrite - calcium sulfate is added to cement chiefly as a set
retarders. Calcium sulfate reacts with the quick setting component of cement C3A.
During the milling process, some or all of the gypsum will dehydrate to
hemihydrate. Hemihydrate reacts much faster than gypsum or anhydrite
because of its higher solubility. Typically, some hemihydrate is needed for the
desired setting process. However, too much hemihydrate causes false set, while
not enough hemihydrate can cause flash set.
solubility

gypsum
hemihydrate (plaster of Paris)
insoluble (natural) anhydrite

CaSO42H2O

CaSO40.5H2O
CaSO4

(CaSO4 g/litre)

2.4

6.0
2.1

The conversion of gypsum to hemihydrate is a time, temperature

relationship and takes place between 80 -120 C. This also happens to be the
same range that the mill outlet temperature operates in.
Tightly controlling the mill temperature would help one to control the
formation of hemihydrate. However, it is not easy to predict what the correct
amount of hemihydrate and gypsum should be. This is a function of the amount
and reactivity of C3A and the SO3 in the clinker.
The use of water spray has its risks, excessive water use can cause
preliminary hydration of clinker. This can cause setting problems, and adversely
affect strength development. It is recommended that the dew point never exceed
70 C in the mill.
The substitution of anhydrite for gypsum is often suggested when there is
too much hemihydrate, but delayed false set problems have been reported
because of incompatibility between anhydrite and chemical admixtures added to
concrete. As well some plants use gypsum/anhydrite pre-blends , but have
experienced irregularities due to segregation and just plain poor blending.
Premature setting is usually divided into one of two general categories:
False set:
Early development of stiffness without the evolution of much heat;
can be dispelled and plasticity regained by further mixing without the
addition of water [also called "grab set", "premature stiffening", "hesitation
set", "rubber set"]. In laymen's terms, too much hemihydrate leads to a
weak plaster set in the concrete which is easily broken.
Flash set:
Early development of stiffness usually with considerable evolution
of heat; cannot be dispelled nor can plasticity be regained by further
mixing without adding water [also called "quick set"].
Severe false set may cause difficulty, from a placing/handling standpoint,
but it is not likely to cause difficulties in transit mixing (trucks) or remixing
(pumping). It is most apt to be noticeable for mixing for a short period of time in

stationary mixers (small jobs & some paving jobs). False set, per sec, has no
deleterious effects on quality. Additional mixing water may result in slightly
lower strengths.
Flash set severe enough to cause placing/handling difficulties and will fail
ASTM/CSA specifications.
Testing
The tests usually involves making a cement paste and measuring how
deeply a specially shaped needle penetrates. After a set time this repeated. If the
second try reaches 50% or less of the depth, it's considered false set. Above 50%
is usually OK. Then afterwards the paste is remixed and the test is repeated for
the third time. If you get 100% of the first penetration depth there is no flash set
occurring. If you do not, you may have some premature set. It may or may not
be flash set.
Unfortunately the ASTM/CSA tests are not very reliable in that results in
concrete differ widely. Sometimes at the plant we find no false set but in the field
they might run into it. The reverse has also been known to happen. Research is
ongoing to try and develop a much better test to predict real results in concrete.

3D: Ball Mill Control

3D.1 Basic Instrumentation for Closed Circuit Dry Ball Mills
Minimum Recommended:
a)
Total mill feed rate (production)
b)
Feed rate of individual components
c)
Mill motor kW
d)
Gas and material temperatures at mill exit
e)
First compartment sound
f)
Static pressure at mill exit
g)
Discharge bucket elevator motor kW
Additional Instrumentation for better troubleshooting:
a)
Fan damper positions (and rpm for variable speed applications)
b)
Separator diaphragm position (for Sturtevants)
c)
Separator rotational speed (for H.E. or modified 1st generation separators) and
motor kW.
d)
Separator rejects flow rate.
e)
Finish product temperature.
f)
Injected water flowrate and compressed air flow (if used).
g)
Grinding aid addition rate
h)
Second compartment sound
i)
Finish product bucket elevator or F.K. pump motor kW.
3D.2 Basic Ball Mill Control Theory
From the plant Production department's point of view, we are interested in
keeping the mill running as smooth as possible without overloading the mill.
Recognize that an overloaded system generally makes a mess of the plant and increases
the likelihood of something breaking.
Essentially, plants strive to maintain the total throughput rate (fresh feed plus
separator rejects) at an "ideal constant". Of course the ideal throughput will change as
conditions alter, such as circulating load, feed characteristics, etc.- to suit quality targets
and requirements.
For many years, technology allowed us only to approximate this indirectly using
mill motor kW, mill sound or elevator kW. Today, with the advent of newer weighfeeder
technologies we can now directly measure total throughput with much better accuracy
and consistency. This has led to better mill control but not all plants can justify

installing an impact flowmeter. Thus some plants using existing instrumentation have
resorted to rule based control programs (fuzzy logic) to respond to system changes
caused by feed material changes for example. Many plants also have developed their
own schemes by blending two or more control methods together, and have operated this
way successfully. In all cases though mill control requires a lot of study and persistence
to perfect.
3D.3 Mill Motor kW Control
In general, the mill motor kW will vary with mill feed, but it is non-linear. It
varies in the following way:
1)
With the mill at rest and completely run out of feed material, imagine the total
weight of the ball charge (W) to be concentrated at one point. This point is called the
center of gravity and is located a certain distance from the mill center. As the mill turns,
the center of gravity becomes slightly offset from the mill's vertical centerline by a
distance "m", sometimes called the moment arm. W X m = the torque required
(excluding friction) to turn the mill.
To illustrate, let's say that we've installed a badly designed mill liner which
causes the charge to climb higher, then the moment arm "m" gets longer and torque and
therefore mill power increases. On the other hand let's say that the liners are badly
worn and the charge slips down. In this case "m" becomes shorter and torque and hence
mill power decreases.

2)
Going back to the original case, and let's begin to add feed. Under these
circumstances, the voids in between the balls that started out empty now begin to fill.
"W" increases since we are adding more mass to the ball charge without increasing its
volume. "m" doesn't change therefore torque and mill motor kW increases.
3)
However, at a certain point as we continue to add feed, the voids become
completely full and the ball charge starts to expand. At a critical point the balls are
pushed far enough apart that they lose contact or "grip" with one another.
Consequently the whole ball charge has a tendency to slide down. This shortens the
moment arm "m" which reduces torque and mill power despite the fact that we are
continuing to add feed. (Actually one must also remember that as one adds feed, mill
retention time decreases which technically will hold "W" approx. constant.)
From the graph we can see that there is one major problem or flaw with mill

Torque = W X m

motor kW to control mill feed. For a given mill motor kW setpoint there are potentially
two feed rates which can cause a single loop controller to hunt or oscillate. In addition,
the kW value will change over a relatively narrow range with a corresponding large
change in feed. This coupled with the difficulty in calibrating kW meters for large HP
motors accurately makes this control scheme very difficult to tune. This type of control
is never used by itself but occasionally it is used with another type of control loop.
3D.4 Mill Sound Control

The basic principle of mill sound control is simple. A directional microphone is

used to pick-up sound generated by the grinding media tumbling inside a mill chamber.
When the mill is empty of feed, metal to metal contact is at its highest and therefore the
microphone will record the loudest decibels. As the mill fills, the cushioning effect
deadens the noise levels. In theory a mill that's completely plugged such that grinding
media cannot tumble will produce no noise at all. Some plants report this value as
decibels. Others reverse the signal and express it as % level or % full.
In general, mill sound is useful in determining whether a given compartment is
plugged or plugging or to show that the compartment is emptying. With each
compartment equipped with microphones, mill sound is very useful in monitoring and
troubleshooting a cycling mill. Some plants successfully use the 1st compartment sound
to control mill throughput.
However mill sound is very imprecise and is not considered to be very repeatable
(for example, 65% level which corresponded to a backspilling condition one shift may
not repeat itself the next shift). Microphones can pick up noise from other mills which
can impair it's reliability. Furthermore the microphones are easily damaged as well dust
can affect its performance. All of these things generally makes mill sound microphones
difficult to calibrate. Despite these problems, a well isolated and maintained
microphone can be made to work well.
3D.5 Discharge Bucket Elevator Motor kW
On most mill circuits, mill product is fed into a bucket elevator which transports
the product to the separator feed. As the mass flow rate increases so does the motor
load on the bucket elevator, since it now has to move more material. Many plants use
this fact to control their mill since, in most cases, elevator kW's fairly reflects the mill's
total throughput. In fact total throughput can be estimated using this formula:
M = (Ka-Ke) x 3600 x E / 9.81 x H

where:
M
is material flow in mtph
Ka
is actual power measured in kW
Ke
is power measured with elevator empty in kW
E
is elevator efficiency
H
is the inter axis height in meters

(Note that this give an approximate answer since the above values will change with
mechanical wear and the amount of recirculation and/or boot digging that occurs.
Efficiency should be rechecked after each major overhaul.)
For the most part elevator control works well. However there are two major
difficulties with this type of control:
a)
Elevators are volumetric devices and are therefore very susceptible to changes in
bulk density or flowability which leads to the boot overfilling. Many mill bucket
elevators operate with the boot full or overfilled. (In such cases the elevator was
probably designed for mill product whose bulk density was estimated at 90 to 100
lbs/ft3 but whose real bulk density can be as low as 30 to 40 lbs/ft3.) Consequently any
fluctuations in grinding aid, internal water spray or airslide aeration can dramatically
change the product bulk density causing the boot to overfill. The resulting digging and
possible recirculation that occurs alters the elevator kW's but with no real change in
mass flow. For example in a few plants whose bucket elevators are fed with airslides,
reducing the under canvas pressure from 20 inwc to 10 inwc reduced motor kW by 8 to
10 % with no change in flow.
b)
Bucket elevators are located after the mill and therefore controls will always
experience a lag time. Elevator controls should work well in short mills or those with
very short retention times, but will have less success with long mills or long retention
times. Moreover since these are feedback loops often they cannot detect 1st
compartment plugging problems. For example, suppose a mill is beginning to plug
somewhat in the mill's 1st compartment due to a bin segregation problem. In such
cases the second compartment will start to empty which is detected by the elevator kW
control. However it assumes that the mill is not getting enough feed therefore starts
adding more feed to maintain a setpoint. If the operator fails to notice this then the mill
will either backspill and/or begin to cycle.
Most plants over come this difficulties by using more than one type of control method
together.
3D.6 Rejects Flowrate
Ideally to know the true mill throughput one should be measuring all streams
entering the mill. By summing the fresh feed rate and the rejects flowrate from the

dynamic separator one will know the throughput with no guesswork. A flowmeter on
the separator rejects will allow you to determine immediately the circuit's circulating
load, the effects the separator adjustments has on the mill circuit and evaluate the whole
circuit retention time(s). However it should be used in conjunction with other
instruments previously mentioned since total flow will tell you very little about internal
mill problems.
This is perhaps the most expensive control device to install since in most cases it
requires mechanical adaptations to the system.
3D.7 Rule Base Mill Control
As we have seen in the previous sections, each control type has its own set of
difficulties - to some degree depending on the mill. Already many plants utilize more
than one type of control together, depending on the limitations of the electronic
equipment used. The most elaborate combination would be to install a Rule Base
control scheme, which is a table of decisions a computer can take for each possible
combinations of conditions that could occur. Such a table properly set-up will mimic
the responses a human operator should make when confronted with the same set of
conditions. Fuzzy logic type systems operate on a similar principle. An example for m
Demopolis is shown in the chart.

Notes:
a)
Since for each parameter there are 3 conditions (high, low, ok) then 3 to power
equal to the number of control parameters will equal the number of possible
combinations.
For example, for 3 parameters, 3 conditions cubed equals 27
combinations; for 4 parameters - 3 4 equals 81; for 5 parameters - 3 5 equals 243; and so
on. In the Demopolis example, there should be 81 combinations where only 45 are
shown. Recognize that for the remaining 36 combinations, there are no actions to be
taken.
b)
Each combination must be studied in detail to determine whether feed should be
added or subtracted (or no action's to be taken) and by how much. Clearly certain
combinations will call for a stronger action than others. As well one must also define
what is high, what is low and what is OK.

c)
Rule base controls work on a regular intervals. In other words the rules are
evaluated once each interval and picks one action to take (including "do nothing"). In
between evaluations the program does not make any moves. Intervals can be adjustable
to determine the appropriate frequency (ie. every 30 minutes or 25 minutes, etc.)
d)
For each parameter there should be an adjustable deadband. For example on
paper strip chart a pen will be erratic within a certain band but the average continues to
trend up or down. The width of this band varies depending on mechanical wear,
instrument fatigue, etc. The deadband takes this into account, thus only when the
signal is outside of the deadband is the parameter considered to be high or low.
e)

Fuzzy logic or AI (artificial intelligence) systems work on a similar principles.

f)
WARNING: a considerable amount of study and tuning is required to get the
program just right. In other words you must teach it how to operate the mill.

DEMOPOLIS RULE BASE CONTROL CHART

Elevator
KW

Mill
KW

#1 Compt
Level

#2 Compt
Level

Feed
Change

1
2
3
4
5

low
low
low
low
low

ok
ok
ok
ok
high

ok
ok
low
low
ok

low
ok
ok
low
ok

add
add
add
add
add

6
7
8
9
10

low
low
low
ok
ok

high
high
high
high
high

ok
low
low
ok
low

low
low
ok
ok
ok

add
add
add
add
add

11
12
13
14
15

ok
ok
ok
ok
ok

high
high
ok
ok
ok

ok
low
low
ok
low

low
low
low
low
ok

add
add
add
add
add

16
17
18
19
20

high
high
high
high
high

ok
ok
ok
ok
ok

ok
ok
ok
low
low

high
low
ok
ok
high

sub
sub
sub
sub
sub

21
22
23
24
25

high
high
high
high
high

ok
ok
ok
ok
low

low
high
high
high
ok

low
high
low
ok
ok

sub
sub
sub
sub
sub

26
27
28
29
30

high
high
high
high
high

low
low
low
low
low

ok
ok
low
low
low

low
high
ok
low
high

sub
sub
sub
sub
sub

31
32
33
34
35

high
high
high
ok
ok

low
low
low
low
low

high
high
high
ok
ok

high
ok
low
high
ok

sub
sub
sub
sub
sub

36
37
38
39
40

ok
ok
ok
ok
ok

low
low
low
low
low

ok
low
low
low
high

low
ok
high
low
high

sub
sub
sub
sub
sub

41
42
43
44
45

ok
ok
ok
ok
ok

low
low
ok
ok
ok

high
high
high
high
high

low
ok
ok
low
high

sub
sub
sub
sub
sub