Pathankot-Jammu Section of NH-1A

Design of Elastomeric Bearings

Design of elastomeric bearing

The bearing are designed to cater for loads, forces and moments under following conditions.
Calculation of load and forces for bearing design
Total Dead load reaction on abutment
=
Total SIDL reaction on abutment
=
Total FPLL reaction on abutment (one sided)=
No. of bearings at each end
C/C distance of bearing
=
Velocity of Vehicle on bridge
=
Radius of Curvature
=
Transverse uni-directional slope
=

1275.0 KN
260.0 KN
0.0 KN
3
2.500 m
80kmph
0
2.50%

Transverse Ecc. of Dead Load

Transverse Ecc. of SIDL
Transverse Ecc. of FPLL

2.500 m

0.0 KN
0.0 KN
0.0 KN

=
=

2.500 m

Maximum Load on outermost bearing

P
n

x
e
x^2

x
x n

Minimum Load on outermost bearing

P
n

x
e
x^2

x
x
x n

Summary of Loads on Bearing except CWLL

Item

Max. Load on
Bearing

Min. Load on
Bearing

(m2)

(kN)

(kN)

(kN)

(m)

(m)

Due to Dead Load

1275.000

2.500

0.000

3.1250

425.000

425.000

Due to SIDL

260.000

2.500

0.000

3.1250

86.667

86.667

Due to FPLL

0.000

2.500

0.000

3.1250

0.000

0.000

CWLL reaction per bearing

i) Class A: 2 lanes
5.714
500 kN
68

68

68

3.00

RA
0.300
Impact factor

114

3.00

4.30

114
1.20

20.40 m
=

Max. reaction (without Impact) =

Min. reaction (without Impact) =

1 of 6

3.00

68

RB
0.300

1.170
1000

x (

1000

20.70 - 5.714
20.40

-734.627

265.373 kN

Max reaction including impact =

1.170

734.627

859.848 kN

Min reaction including impact =

1.170

265.373

310.607 kN

734.627 kN

26.50m span

Pathankot-Jammu Section of NH-1A

Design of Elastomeric Bearings

ii) Class 70 (R) wheeled

1000
5.124
170

170
1.370

170
170

3.050

120
1.370

120

2.130

1.520

RA
0.300 m

80
3.960

20.400 m

Impact Factor
Max. reaction

=
=

Min. reaction

1.170
1000 x (

RB
0.300 m

20.70 - 5.124
20.400

1000

763.539 kN

-763.539

236.461 kN

Max reaction including impact =

1.170

763.539

893.688 kN

Min reaction including impact =

1.170

236.461

276.767 kN

iii) Class 70 (R) Tracked

700 kN
2.285

RA

20.40 m

RB
0.300 m

0.30
Impact Factor
Max. reaction

=
=

Min reaction
Min.

1.100
700 x (

700

20.70 - 2.285
20.400
-631 887
-631.887

631.887 kN

68 113 kN
68.113

Max reaction including impact =

1.100

631.887

695.076 kN

Min reaction including impact =

1.100

68.113

74.924 kN

Eccentricity of CWLL for different Load combination

Class A-2 Lanes
cL of Superstructure

0.500
0.000

e
250

250

250
250

0.500

0.400

1.800
1.700

1.800
8.500 m

Width of Superstructure

Safety Kerb

8.50 / 2

min. Clearance from Kerb edge

- 0.500

- 0.400

- 1.800

- 0.850

0.700 m

Class 70 R (Wheeled)
cL of Superstructure

0.500

0.000
e
500

0.500

1.630

500

1.930
8.500 m

2 of 6

=
=

Width of Superstructure

8.50 / 2

Safety Kerb

- 0.500

min. Clearance from Kerb edge

- 1.630

- 0.965

1.155 m

26.50m span

Pathankot-Jammu Section of NH-1A

Design of Elastomeric Bearings

Class 70 R (Tracked)
cL of Superstructure

0.500

0.000
700

350

0.500

1.620

350

2.060
8.500

Width of Superstructure

Safety Kerb

8.50 / 2

- 0.500

min. Clearance from Kerb edge

- 1.620

- 1.030

1.100 m

2.450 m

Class A-1 Lanes

0.500

0.000

cL of Superstructure

e
250

0.500

0.400

250

1.800
8.500 m

Width of Superstructure

8.50 / 2

Safety Kerb

- 0.500

min. Clearance from Kerb edge

- 0.400

- 0.900

s
Item

Maxm. Loaded
on bearing

Min. loaded
on bearing

P
(kN)

x
(m)

e
(m)

x^2
(m^2)

Due to Class A -2 Lane

859 85
859.85

2 500
2.500

0 700
0.700

31 250
31.250

334 768
334.768

238 465
238.465

Due to Class A -2 Lane

310.61

2.500

0.700

31.250

120.929

86.142

Due to Class 70R (W)

893.69

2.500

1.155

31.250

380.473

215.319

Due to Class 70R (W)

276.77

2.500

1.155

31.250

117.829

66.682

Due to Class 70R (T)

695.08

2.500

1.100

31.250

292.859

170.525

Due to Class 70R (T)

74.92

2.500

1.100

31.250

31.568

18.381

Due to Class A -1 Lane

286.62

2.500

2.450

31.250

151.715

39.362

Due to Class A -1 Lane

103.54

2.500

2.450

31.250

54.805

14.219

Maximum

Minimum

Maximum

Minimum

Maximum

Minimum

Maximum

Minimum

Maximum vertical reaction due to CWLL on bearing =

Minimum vertical reaction due to CWLL on bearing =

3 of 6

380.473 kN
14.219

26.50m span

Pathankot-Jammu Section of NH-1A

Design of Elastomeric Bearings

Design Loads for bearing

Due to DL

Due to SIDL

Due to CWLL

Maximum design load on bearing =

425.00 +

86.67 +

380.473

892.139 kN

Minimum design load on bearing =

425.000

86.667

14.219

525.886 kN

66.67 kN

Horizontal force due to braking

( 0.200

x 1000 ) /

(Due to 70R(W) )

Calculation of rotation
For simply supported span it may be computed as d
=
Where
Ec
=
29580 MPa =29580398915 Pa
S. No.

Load case

1
2
3
4

DL
SIDL
F.P.L.L
CWLL

400 .Mmax. L .10-3 /

Moment of
Mod. of
Inertia,
Elasticity,
I
E
( Pa)
( m^4)
2.96E+10
0.630
2.96E+10
0.630
2.96E+10
0.630
2.96E+10
0.630

Max. bending
Moment, Mmax.
(Nm)
3050000
880000
0
2390000

EI

Rotation, d

Length of
the girder,
L
(m)
21.00
21.00
21.00
21.00
Total

1.37E-03
3.97E-04
0.00E+00
1.08E-03
2.85E-03

Calculation of translation of superstructure due to temp., shrinkage and creep

Due to temp.

1.17E-05

50

21.00 / 2

=+ -

0.006 m

21.00 / 2

-0.002 m

+
+

-0.002
-0.002

=
=

-0.008 m
0.004 m

=
=
=
=
=
=

1.100
3.100
21.000
109.575
107.070
98.738

( Rise and fall of 25 degree considered )

Due to shrinkage

Total movement in contraction

Total movement in expansion

=
=

-1.9E-04
-0.006
0.006

Wind force calculations (Refer clause 212 of IRC : 6-2000)

Height of crash barrier
Depth of superstructure including kerb etc.
Length of bridge considered for wind force
Deck Level
Soffit Level
Mean retarding surface ( assumed as LWL)
Area of exposed surface/m
=
Effective area of superstr. for wind force=

Point of application of wind force

force on superstructure from soffit

3.100 +
4.20
x

3.100

107.07 +
108.60 -

1.00

4.200 m2
88.200 m2

=
=

1.55 +
4.200
1.528 m from soffit of deck

=
Point of application of wind force
=
Av. height of the exposed surface above=
the mean retarding surface (L.W.L)

1.00 x
1.100
21.000

m
m
m
m
m
m

1.528
98.74

=
=

1.10

1.00

3.650

108.598 m
9.860 m

Table for calculation of wind force and wind velocity (as per IRC :6-2000)
Height (m)

10

V (kmph)

91

100

107

113

118

P (kg/m2)

52

63

73

82

91

Wind force on superstructure

=
Wind force on Live Load 70 R (W) =
Total wind force
=
As per clause 212.6 of IRC :6-2000
Total Wind Force (@ 450 kg/m)
=

63.000 x
4.200
13.40
x
9576.600 kg
21.00

P
V

CWLL is to be considered.
( As per IRC:6-2000, cl.-212.5)

x 21.00
=
300
=

450

63.0 kg/m2
100.0 kmph
130 kmph

=
=
<

5556.600 kg
4020 kg

9450 kg

As per clause 212.7 of IRC :6-2000

Total Wind Force (@ 240 kg/m 2 on unloaded structure) =
240
Governing wind force
=
211.68 kN
So, Wind force per bearing
=
35.28 kN

4 of 6

4.200

21.00

21168 kg

26.50m span

Pathankot-Jammu Section of NH-1A

Design of Elastomeric Bearings

Summary of loads and forces

Grade of concrete
M 35
Maximum load per bearing
=
Minimum load per bearing
=
Design Rotation
=
Braking force per bearing
=

892.139
525.886
0
66.667

kN
kN
radian
kN

Design movement of one bearing

=
Horizontal Force from superstructure =
Wind force/bearing
=

8.14mm
0.000 kN
35.280 kN

Design of Elastomer Bearing for Normal Case

Adopting size of

400 mm

Hence

lo
bo
n
ns
Total elastomer thickness, h
Outer dimension , ho

=
=
=
=

500 mm

500 mm
400 mm
5
6
n hi + 2 he =
5 x
h + ns x hs = 72
+

=
=

hi
hs
he
c
12
6 x

=
=
=
=
2 x
4

12
4
6
6
6

=
=

mm
mm
mm
mm
72mm
96mm

1) check for plan dimension ( as per cl. 916.3.3 of IRC: 83 (PART II)) and calculation of shear rating
i)
ii)
iii)

lo / bo
h
Shape factor S
A
A'
S

iv)

2)

=
=
=

500
72mm

400
<=bo / 5

=
80mm

i.e.

1
and

< or =
>=bo / 10 i.e.

2
40mm

Hence O.K.
Hence O.K.

loaded surface area excluding cover, A / Surface area free to buldge for an elstomer layer excluding cover, A'

=
( 400
-12 ) x (
500
-12 ) =
388 x
488
=
=
2 x (
388 +
488 ) x
12.00
=
21024 mm2
=
189344 /
21024
=
9.006
Calulation of shear rating
Shear rating of an elastomer is defined as Force required to cause unit translation, Vr = G x A
Where
G
=
Shear Modulus of Elastomer Bearing =
1.00
A
=
Effective Plan Area of Bearing
=
189344
Vr
=
1.0 x
189344 /
96
=
1972

Check for concrete contact pressure ( As per cl. 307.1 of IRC: 21 -2000)
Alowable bearing pressure, cc =
co
A1 / A2
=
Max. avg. normal stress, max

Min. avg. normal stress, min

8.75

189344 mm^2
Since 6 < S < 12

Hence O.K

/ ho
Mpa
mm2
N/mm

12.37 MPa

892

1000 /

189344

4.71 MPa Since <10Mpa

Hence O.K.

526

1000 /

189344

2.78 MPa Since >2 Mpa

Hence O.K

3) Check for rotation ( As per cl. 916.3.6 of IRC : 83 ( part II)-1987)

Design rotation, d < = x n x bi, max.
m x
hi / b
where bi, max. =
x S^2
0.5
x
=
0.5 x
10
x
12
388
x
81
m / 10 =

=
1.00
Hence, x n x bi, max. =
5 x
1.91E-03

0.0019rad

0.0095rad

>

0.0028rad
HENCE O.K.

4) Check for translation ( As per cl. 916.3.4 of IRC:83 ( PART II ) -1987)

Shear strain of elastomer bearing, gd <
Shear strain due to movement =

L/h

Shear strain due to Braking Force

8.138 /

+ 0.1 m =

0.200

c
y

=
=

0.500

5 of 6

66.667
189344
0.352
=

x
x
0.465

0.100

4.712

<

m
bi
0.785

=
+

/
0.500
0.465

S
x

1.500

0.671

0.465

388
12
+ 0.997

x
2.25 MPa

0.352
0.700

Hence OK

+ 0.1 m

<
c

4.712 /
^2

0.2

(As per cl. 916.3.7 of IRC :83 (Part II) - 1987)

1.500
0.465
b2
x
hi

0.113

1000
1.000
<
d

= Shear strain of Elastmeric Bearing

6) Check for total shear stress

so, c

0.113

(As per cl. 916.3.6 of IRC :83 (Part II) - 1987)

5) Check for friction

0.2

72

Braking Force per bearing / ( Area x Shear Modulous)

=
Total shear strain

0.700

0.671
y

Hence OK
<

5.0 MPa

9.006

0.78 MPa

1.91E-03

0.997

<

5.00 MPa

Hence OK

26.50m span

Pathankot-Jammu Section of NH-1A

Design of Elastomeric Bearings

Design of Bearing for Wind Case

Case(A)

Check for adequacy of heaviest loaded in Transverse Direction (Wind case)

4) Check for translation ( As per cl. 916.3.4 of IRC:83 ( PART II ) -1987)

Shear strain due to Horizontal Force

bd (Shear strain in long. direct.)

0.2

+ 0.1 m =

Li max

=
=

so, c
Case(B)

(bd)2

0.035
d

0.100

4.712

= Shear strain of Elastmeric Bearing

m
/
bi max

x m

0.500
0.500

=
=

0.671

0.501

0.216
<
+ 0.1 m

<
c

=
0.700

0.501
Hence OK

0.671

Hence OK

1.500 x
4.712 /
9.006
1.91E-03 (As calculated in Normal case)

L x S2
12
488.0 x

<
=

=
9.006

5.0 MPa
0.785 MPa

1.52E-03

9.006

2
x bi max + bLi2 x Li max )
0.500 x ( bbi
hi2
0.500 x (
388 ^2
x
0.001907 +
488 ^2
144
+

0.785
+
0.501
+ 2.250
=
3.54 MPa

0.001516

<

5.00 MPa

) =

2.250 MPa
Hence OK

Check for adequacy of lightest loaded in Transverse Direction (Wind case)

Shear strain due to Horizontal Force =

bd (Shear strain in long. direct.)

Resultant shear strian

0.2

+ 0.1 m =

so, c

( ld)2

x
x

(bd)2

0.1
+

1000
1.000

0.035
d

0.100

+
<

0.463

/ S

0.501

0.216

0.2

2.777

0.478

0.501

<
+ 0.1 m

>
c

(As per cl. 916.3.7 of IRC :83 (Part II) - 1987)

0.186

=
0.700

0.501
Hence OK

0.478

Not OK

= Shear strain of Elastmeric Bearing

1.500
0.501

0.700

0.465 (Refer Normal case)

+
0.200

6) Check for total shear stress

d

=
=

<

=
=

35.280
189344

(As per cl. 916.3.6 of IRC :83 (Part II) - 1987)

5) Check for friction

0.2

Shear strain of elastomer bearing, gd <

Horizontal Force per bearing / ( Area x Shear Modulous)

ld (Shear strain in transverse direct.) =

6 of 6

0.2

4) Check for translation ( As per cl. 916.3.4 of IRC:83 ( PART II ) -1987)

c
y

<

0.186

hi

10

(As per cl. 916.3.7 of IRC :83 (Part II) - 1987)

1.500
0.501

( ld)2

0.200

6) Check for total shear stress

=
=

=
=

c
y

35.280
x
1000
189344
x
1.000
0.465 (Refer Normal case)

(As per cl. 916.3.6 of IRC :83 (Part II) - 1987)

5) Check for friction

0.700

= Horizontal Force per bearing / ( Area x Shear Modulous)

ld (Shear strain in transverse direct.) =

Resultant shear strian

Shear strain of elastomer bearing, gd <

= 1.500 x
2.777 /
9.006
=
2.250 Mpa (as in case A)
+ 2.250

3.21 MPa

<

<

5.0 MPa

0.463 MPa

5.00 MPa

Hence OK

26.50m span