WelcometogettingstartedwithUbuntu12.04Server.

ThisSystemAdministratorManual
guidetobesimpletofollow,
withstepbystepinstructions
withscreenshots

INDEX

1.InstallationofUbuntu12.04Server(64bit)Version.
2.UbuntuFileStructure
3.AssignmentofIPtoServer/Client.
4.ShellCommands

InstallationofUbuntu12.04Server(64bit)Version.
DownloadtheimageofKickStartDVDofUbuntu12.04Server64

bitVersionwithDesktopVersion11.0.isofrom
https://ask.otc.nic.in/downloads/os/kickstart/
BurntheimageonDVD.
InsertDVDinmediaofServer/PCClient.
Installationprocessisstarted.
Aftercompletionofinstallation,thesystemwillreboot.

2. UbuntuFileStructure
Allfilesystemsarecontainedwithinonedirectoryhierarchy.The
rootdirectoryisthetopleveldirectory,andallitssubdirectories
makeupthedirectoryhierarchy.
/binbinaryapplications(mostofyourexecutablefiles)
/bootfilesrequiredtoboot(suchasthekernel,etc)
/devyourdevices(everythingfromdrivestodisplays)
/etcjustabouteveryconfigurationfileforyoursystem
/etc/rc.d contains a number of shell scripts that are run on
bootupatdifferentrunlevels.
/etc/X11configurationfilesfortheXWindowsystem
/homelocallystoreduserfilesandfolders
/libsystemlibraries(similartoProgramFiles)
/mediamounted(orloaded)devicessuchascdroms,digital
cameras,etc.
/mntmountedfilesystems
/optlocationforoptionallyinstalledprograms
/sbinsystemonlybinaries
/syscontainsinformationaboutthesystem
/tmptemporaryfiles
/usrapplicationsmainlyforregularusers
/varmainlylogs,databases,etc.

AssignmentofIPtoServer/Client.

Loginasroot.
ClickonNetworkConnectionIconontaskbar.
ClickonEditConnection.

SelectEditoption.
GototheIPv4SettingTab.
SelectManualfromMethodDropDown.
ClickonAdd
AssigntheIPAddress,Netmask,GatewayandDNSServer.
ClickonSave.
ReboottheServer/Client.

ShellCommands
1.

ls:listdirectorycontents
(Thelscommandwillshowyouthelistoffilesinyourcurrentdirectory.)

#ls

2.

cd:ChangeDirectory
(Thecdcommandwillallowyoutochangedirectories.)

#cd

3.

pwd:printthecurrent/workingdirectory
(Thepwdcommandwillallowyoutoknowinwhichdirectoryyouarelocated)

#pwd

4.

mkdir:make/createdirectory.
(Themkdircommandwillallowyoutocreatedirectories.)

#mkdir

5.

rmdir:removethedirectory
(Thermdircommandwilldeleteanemptydirectory.)

#rmdir

6.

rm:remove/deletefile.
(Thiscommandtoremoveordeleteafileinyourdirectory.)

#rm

7.

mv:renameormoveafile/directory
(Themvcommandwillmoveafiletoadifferentlocationorwillrenameafile.)

#mv

8.

man:Manualpagesforshellcommands.
(Themancommandisusedtoshowyouthemanualofothercommands.)

#manrm

9.

cp:CopyFiles
(Thecpcommandwillmakeacopyofafileforyou.)

#cpr_test.txtr1_test.txt

10. shutdown:Shutdownthecomputerfromterminal
(Thiscommandshutdownthecomputer)
#shutdownh
or
#init0

11. adduser:Additionofnewuser
(Thiscommandcreatingthenewuserin/homedirectory)
#adduserravi

12. passwd:Changepasswordforuser
(Thiscommandchangethepasswordofspecificuser)
#passwdravi

13. tar:Createsandextractsfilesfromatapeordiskarchive.
(Thiscommandstoresandextractsfilesfromatapeordisk)
#tarcvzfravi.tar.gz*

14. tar:Createsandextractsfilesfromatapeordiskarchive.
(Thiscommandstoresandextractsfilesfromatapeordisk)
#tarxvzfravi.tar.gz

15. find:findsearchesthefilelocatedat/
(Thiscommandfindsearchesthedirectorytreerootedateachgivenfile)

#find/nameravi.txtprint

16. grep:printlinesmatchingapattern

(Thiscommandsearchesthenamedinputfilesforlinescontaininga
matchtothegivenpattern.)

#grepravilosarwar*

17. chown:changefileownerandgroup

(Thiscommandchangestheuserand/orgroupownershipofeachgivenfile.)

#chownraviravi.tar.gz

18. chgrp:changegroupownership

(Thiscommandchangethegroupofeachfiletogroup)

#chgrpraviravi.tar.gz

19. chmod:changefilemodebits

(Thiscommandchangesthefilemodebitsofeachgivenfileaccordingtomode)

#chmod777ravi.tar.gz

20. ifconfig:configureanetworkinterface
(Thiscommandisusedtoconfigurethekernelresidentnetworkinterfaces)

#ifconfig