Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Imran Ahmad Sajid-Medical Social Work in Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan
Imran Ahmad Sajid-Medical Social Work in Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan
Imran Ahmad Sajid-Medical Social Work in Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan
Internship Report
Social Work in Lady Reading Hospital
From 17-September
To 18-octuber, 2007
Submitted by:
Imran Ahmad Sajid
Acknowledgement
First of all, greatness, sanctity and glory to Almighty ALLAH, who blessed
me to complete my field report
I will acknowledge the assistance, guidance and continuous feed back from
Sir. Abrar Anjum, social medical officer, Zakat cell, LRH Peshawar.
The continuous and persistent encouragement and appreciation of Jahangir
Khan has given me the energy to work hard.
The outstanding efforts of Dr. Ali Haider and their professional approach in
clarifying the concept of the topic have contributed markedly in completing
this report.
It has been pleasure learning from all my group members.
Finally I will thank to all the staff members of LRH specially the Ardalees of
Zakat cell.
Summery
Lady reading hospital is the largest hospital of the province. It was given the
status of PGMI in 1982. The specialists of every specialty are available here.
Opd is the place for initial treatment to the patients. It deals with those
patients who do not need hospitalization.
Zakat and social welfare services cell is working under RMO ad social
medical officer. It provides free treatment expenditure to the needy and
deserving people. Main objective is to handle unclaimed patients and dead
bodies.
Accident and emergency department is the busiest department of the
hospital. This department is to deal with major and minor incidents,
traumatic situations such as RTAs, bomb blast, burnt cases etc. there are
two types of emergency patients. Acute emergency patients are those who
needs immediate treatment and are directed to trauma room. The normal
emergency patients are to meet the CMO first.
Triage is a system of sorting patients according to need when resources are
insufficient for all to be treated. It is a system of response to a major
incident. There are two types of triage i.e. triage sieve and triage sort.
First Aid is an emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until
more skillful medical treatment is available. First aid is provided in those
conditions when you have no treatment apparatus and any other helping
thing.
A proper communication network, coordination, behavioral training, more
new hospitals, medical social workers, field work system, and a quota for the
management of unclaimed cases in each department and wards are few
recommendations for the hospital.
Some people have the spirit to help others. They are ready to donate their
blood.
The social workers have to work extremely hard and selflessly in the field of
social work in accident and emergency.
Table of contents
Contents
Pages
5. Triage System………………………………………………………………….16-18
Triage Sieve, Triage Sort, Main
Categories, Methane message,
Social Work in Casualty
6. First Aid…………………………………………………………………….….19
7. Recommendations…………………………………………………………….20-21
For improvement
8. Case Histories………………………………………………………………….22-28
Four case histories
10. Bibliography……...……………………………………………………………30
-31
The foundation stone of LRH was laid in 1928 by Miss. Lady Reading, who
was the wife of the viceroy Lord Reading (1921-1926). The anecdote of
the hospital of its coming into being is that His Excellency Mr. Lord
Reading, viceroy of the subcontinent from 1921 to 1926, happened to
visit Peshawar. He was accompanied by his spouse Lady Reading. She
was fascinated by the view of the city from Balahisar where they had
lodged.
Chronological Development
This new hospital was subsequently named after her as Lady Reading
Hospital. Later on the hospital was given into status of District
Headquarters hospital with 150 beds and in 1930 it was 200 bedded
hospital. In the beginning there was only medical ward working in the
hospital. Medical ward was responsible for providing all kinds of services
to all patients. The surgical and Gynea wards were added next to the
medical ward. After these three wards the emergency department was
established in LRH. It was near the Mazar in LRH
O.P.D is going above 2000 patients per day and the casualty attendants
of A & E departments is more than 1000 or 1200 per day. Every machine
of this hospital is running round the clock and so are the doctors and
nurses
Administrative Setup
Chief Executive
The chief function of the chief executive is to formulate policies for the
uplift and development of the hospital. He has to make planning for the
development of different departments of the hospital. It is not his duty to
run the administration but he has to make effective policies and
procedures.
DMS is the head of each zone. There are 6 DMS of the different Zones
and one DMS Admin. Therefore there are seven 7 DMS in LRH. But the
A&E department has two heads; one DMS and one Director.
1. Professor
2. Associate Professor
3. Assistant Professor
4. Senior Registrar
5. Registrar
Each professor is the incharge of his ward. All the admissions and
discharges are made by him1.
1
Jahangir Khan ”Social Medical Officer” Zakat Cell. LRH Peshawar
By: Imran Ahmad, M.A. Final 11
Internship Report LRH 17-sep to 18-oct-07
Experienced & highly qualified doctors are present from 8:00 a.m till
1:00 p.m in all specialties work 6 days a week.
Welfare activities to poor & unknown patients and also family
welfare services loke counseling.
Daily 2000 to 3000 patients are treated in OPD in Lady Reading
Hospital.
All the diagnostics & therapeutics & rehabilitative services like X-
rays, Ultra Sound, psychotherapy, Physiotherapy, occupational
therapy, Laboratory Services, & Orthopedic Workshop (prosthesis &
orthotics).
Provision of general medical services to out patients on scheduling
and unscheduling basis.
Provision of preventive and pro motive services like health
education, immunization,
Screening, antenatal, wallaby clinic and family planning.
Curative services like consultation, investigation, therapeutic
procedures and specialists services
Follow up services of discharged patients, chronic illnesses, and
postnatal cases and post operated cases.
Training and education of doctors, nurses and paramedics.
OPD consist of
counter Pharmacy
department
Record Room
Social guides,
X-Rays department
Ardalees
Eye department
Doctor
Laboratory
1. Counter
The purchee counter is the place where the hospital and the patient
interact for the first time. The patient is registered through purchee which
worth 5/ Rs- the patient is referred to the concerned physician or surgeon
through the purchee e.g. ENT, eye, chest, medical or surgical etc. the
counter is divided into two parts for the convenience of the patient. One
for male and one for female but the condition seem to be not satisfactory.
Because there is a huge influx of the patients who wait for their turn to
get a purchee. They often stand in 10 meter long lines.
2. Record Room
The record room is simply to keep all the records of the OPD.
3. X-Rays department
4. Eye OPD
It is a separate section from the general eye opd. Three eye specialists
are being hired for this section.
5. Laboratory
There is an attached lab in OPD which charges very minor costs for
different types of tests. The lab timing is till 12:00 AM.
6. Pharmacy department
7. Social guides
The social guides are to provide help to the helpless patients. Their duty is
to provide stretcher facility to the severe ill patient.
8. Doctors
2
Mr. Innam, LDC, Zakat Cell, LRH Peshawar
By: Imran Ahmad, M.A. Final 14
Internship Report LRH 17-sep to 18-oct-07
8. Ardalee
The first social services unit in LRH was established in 1967. Before that
year there was no system of providing social services to the patients. But
the question here is that why this unit was established? This was due to
the unclaimed patients and dead bodies—Lawaris. The social services
unit was established to deal with such cases.
The first social medical officer, on the other hand, was appointed in 1982
who was Sir. Ibrar Anjum. The social services unit is headed by RMO—
Resident Medical Officer.
Major objectives
To financially assist the poor patients through Zakat & other funds,
during treatment
To deal with unclaimed patients & dead bodies –Lawaris Patients
Administration of the OPD
Revenue collection
Zakat cell
The section in which the social medical officer is working is called Zakat
and social welfare cell.
Total Zakat fund for the year is 82, 50,000 /Rs. This is a fixed fund,
neither increases nor decreases. The fund is provided in two installments
per year.
Administrative setup
There are three main sources of funds with the social welfare section.
These are
Zakat fund
Baitulmal fund
Endowment fund
Zakat Fund
Zakat fund is given by the federal Government to help poor patients for
their treatment.
When the patient is in treatment in the ward and he is so poor that he can
not afford the treatment expenses, then he comes to the Zakat cell with a
Zakat Istehqaq form duly signed by the chairman local Zakat committee
and district Zakat committee. The photo copy of NIC is compulsory to
attach with the form. The patient shows the form to the incharge of the
concerned wards who makes a list of all necessary medicines and other
necessary implements of treatment on a pro-forma and gives it to the
patient.
When all the documentation requirements are met by the patient then the
approved contractors for the year, who come through the tenders, take
the prescription of the doctor and gives medication to the patient. The
contractors give discount to the Government on the medicines. It can be
5%-10%.
Indoor patients can have treatment expenditure from Zakat cell up to 20,
000/ Rs. The amount can be raised in special cases.
The procedure for out door patient is the same but the doctor’s pro-forma
is not needed in these cases. The out door patients can have a treatment
expenditure of up to 1, 000/ Rs from Zakat cell.
The medicines to the long lasting diseases patients are given on monthly
bases. The dosage of one month is given to the patients. Room # 65 is
the medical store for Zakat cases.
Bait-ul-Mal Fund
The baitulmal fund is also a system developed for poor patients to have a
free treatment. This fund is given by the federal Government.
The process is somewhat the same as Zakat process. The patients who
come for baitulmal fund bring a printed pro-forma from the provincial
baitulmal office. This pro-forma is signed by the doctor of the concerned
ward. The doctor also writes the expenditure of the treatment + the type
of medicine, or device + its market price.
Social welfare unit is the next place for the form. Here in the office, the
form is signed by
MS
Senior Social Medical Officer
The form is taken to the regional baitulmal office for the next step. The
regional baitulmal office in NWFP has its on procedure, according to which
they deal with it. The baitulmal office sends the form to Islamabad. A
cheque of national bank is issued by the name of the doctor and patient.
The cheque goes to the Almoner of the hospital. The almoner is the
person from the administration, who gives medicines for the month
according to the doctor’s prescription.
Endowment fund
This fund has been started just few years ago. This fund is also called
hospital fund. This fund is given by the provincial Government. This fund
is only given for the Hepatitis ―C‖ cases. Only the registered patients are
given the help through endowment fund.
Hepatitis attacks the lever of the body. It damages it. Some of the
symptoms of the hepatitis patients are as the following;
How it is diagnosed?
The hepatitis is diagnosed initially through HBS and HCV (Hepatitis C
Virus) tests. The charges for these tests in Peshawar are 165/ Rs. But this
test is not enough. So another test which is called PCR (Polymerase Chain
Reaction) test is taken for a complete diagnose. This test shows the
severity, extent and the nature of the hepatitis, i.e. whether it is A, B, or
C.
Treatment
The complete course of the treatment of hepatitis c is for six 6 months.
This course is called INTERFERONE THERAPY. 72 injections with tablets
are injected in the body. The patient needs 12 injections per month, And
3 injections per week.
Now coming back to the social welfare side, the Zakat fund for the HCV
patients is very limited. Therefore the Zakat cell just provides them some
help in their treatment expenditure. The Zakat cell provide them half of
the treatment expenditure e.g. the patient needs 12 injection per month,
one injection worth 900-1000/ Rs. Zakat cell give them 6 injections per
week.
Other expenses can be met through the endowment fund or the prime
minister programme for HCV.
Before going into the details the first question is how the LAWARIS
patient reached to the hospital? It is simple that most of the road and
traffic accident—RTA- cases are unclaimed.
When an unclaimed patient is brought to the A & E department in LRH,
the DMS of the department writes a CALL letter to the social welfare unit
of the hospital. In the letter he mentions that we have an unclaimed
patient and he needs such and such medicines, food, and clothing. The
social welfare unit send a social guide to the patient. The social guide
takes care of the patient’s food, medicine, and clothing. The guide also
provide social support to the patient.
The expenditures of food and clothing are met by the welfare fund while
the medication expenditure is met through Zakat fund.
If the exact address is known through some source then the body is
transported to that address. If just the district is known then the Police
3
Abrar Anjum, Senior Social Medical Officer LRH, 26-sep-07
By: Imran Ahmad, M.A. Final 21
Internship Report LRH 17-sep to 18-oct-07
Department
Upon arrival in the ED, people typically undergo a brief triage, or sorting,
interview to help determine the nature and severity of their illness.
Individuals with serious illnesses are then seen by a physician more
By: Imran Ahmad, M.A. Final 22
Internship Report LRH 17-sep to 18-oct-07
rapidly than those with less severe symptoms or injuries. After initial
assessment and treatment, patients are either admitted to the hospital,
stabilized and transferred to another hospital for various reasons, or
discharged. The staff in emergency departments not only includes doctors
and nurses with specialized training in emergency medicine but in house
emergency medical technicians, radiology technicians, Physician
Assistants (PAs)/Healthcare Assistants (HCAs), volunteers, and other
support staff who all work as a team to treat emergency patients and
provide support to anxious family members Since a diagnosis must be
made by an attending physician, the patient is initially assigned a chief
complaint rather than a diagnosis. The chief complaint remains a primary
fact until the attending physician makes a diagnosis.
History
The first specialized trauma care center in the world was opened at the
University of Louisville Hospital in 1911 and developed by surgeon Arnold
Grishwold during the 1930s.
Department layout
The A & E in LRH is a two storey building. On the ground flour the
following wards, offices, and other places are found by the social worker;
Staff setup
Director A&E 1
DMS—Deputy Medical Superintendent 1
Senior Registrar 1
CMO 3
TMO 4
MO 5
Cardiologists 3
House officers not confirmed
Nursing staff
Other staff
Total Ardalees in mornig shift 28
Sweepers 15
Police Men 10 all shifts
Flying Squad
Supervisor 1
Dispensers 3
Drivers 2
CSW/m 10
CSW/f 10 Stretchers 14
TOTAL 52 Wheel chairs 5
Ambulances 2
A & E -LRH
No
menclature
4
Dr. Muslim Khan “DMS A&E” LRH
First of all the patient is registered through purchee counter. AEP are
directly guided to the trauma room where the first aid treatment is
provided to the patient and then he is shifted to the concerned ward.
The NEP on the other hand are guided first to the Casualty Medical
Officer- CMO, who, after initial interview and checkup, refers the patient
to the concerned casualty ward, e.g. medical, surgical, orthopedic etc.
These wards provide one day care to these patients. Next they are
transferred to the main wards if necessary.
The patients with bone injury or broken bone are treated in orthopedic
ward. The initial treatment is given in casualty orthopedic ward. This ward
is divided into to sections; male and female. This ward consists of
fourteen beds. Often the RTA cases visit this department.
This ward is on the first flour of the A & E department in LRH. The
patients who need some kind of operation or surgery are treated in
surgical ward. The casualty surgical ward consists of twenty beds; ten
male and ten female. The patients stayed only for some hours in this
ward.
Minor OT
COT
COT means Casualty Operation Theater. The patients who need
immediate operations in the department are operated in this operation
theater. The operation theater is on the first flour of the department.
Purchee Counter
Here the purchee counter is similar to the purchee counter of opd. The
computerized purchees are issued to every new patient. The purchee
counter is the first place of interaction for the patient in A&E.
This hall consists of more then one hundred beds and sub-beds. This is on
the ground flour of the department. All the casualty facilities are available
here. This hall is very busy when there is a bomb blast or some kind of
fire or flood make casualties. During this internship time, one bomb blast
happen in Peshawar at Nishtar Abad. It causes two persons to death and
twenty eight injured5.
5
Daily Express, 9-oct-2007
In the A&E all the treatment expenditure is met by the Government. the
medicine and other stuff is provided free of cost to the patient. 1500-
1800 patients are daily registered in A&E LRH. When the patient enters
the trauma room in a traumatic situation, within 5-10 minutes he is given
treatment of 500-1500 /Rs.
What is Triage?
Triage Sieve6
The primary triage of patients has been called the ―triage sieve‖ and is
based on the Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment method of ―START‖. This
technique can be used at the scene of the accident and also subsequently,
e.g. on arrival at the Casualty Clearing Station (CCS). This method can be
used effectively and reliably by appropriately trained laypersons.
Casualties who can walk are assigned to the Delayed category. The
remaining patients are sorted following an ABC (Airway, Breathing,
Circulation) assessment.
The patency of the airway is then assessed. If the airway is not patent it
is opened using a simple airway manoeuvre (chin lift of jaw thrust). Those
patients who are found to be not breathing following this procedure
should be declared dead (remember this is a mass casualty situation).
The respiratory rate is now assessed. If the respiratory rate is low (less
than or equal to 10) or high (greater than or equal to 30) the casualty is
triaged to the Immediate category.
6
Dr. Bob Mar, “Non but Ourselves” Frontier Medical Co. UK
situations the pulse should be assessed and a rate of more than 120 bpm
considered being the upper limit of normal and equivalent to a prolonged
capillary refill time.
At any stage in the triage process another first aider can be assigned to
the patient to carry out life saving measures such as keeping the airway
open or controlling external hemorrhage (extreme bleeding).
The triage category can then be displayed on the patient using a triage
label (see below). Primary triage of the patient will determine priorities for
treatment and evacuation to the
CCS.
Triage Sort
Triage sort is the secondary triage. It is more prolonged process and can
take place after initial resuscitation. It is started in trauma room.
• Minor or Priority 3 (Green) These people are able to walk, and may
only require bandages and antiseptic.
When you wetness to see a major incident, what will you do?
M: MAJOR INCIDENT
E: Exact Location
T: Type of incident
H: Hazard, present and
potential
A: Access in emergency
N: Number of casualties
E: Emergency services
7
required
7
Fazl-E-Hakeem, “Nursing Supervisor” LRH Peshawar
The patients and family don’t know where to go and get help. For
example where is ultrasound, where to go for ECG etc. We social workers
have to direct the patients and families to there concerned spot of help.
We have to provide guidance to them. Social worker has to deal with the
social aspects of the casualty. For example if a patient is severely injured
due to fighting with someone, now what the social worker has to do here
is to find out the causes of fighting. Social workers have to rehabilitate
the patient back in their community8.
First Aid
First Aid is an emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until
more skillful medical treatment is available. First aid is provided in those
conditions when you have no treatment apparatus and any other helping
thing.
When you wetness to see a road or traffic accident, what will you do with
the casualties?
First of all clean the mouth of the person if he has some thing in mouth,
e.g. a piece of cloth etc. the person can’t move him self therefore you
have to clean his mouth so that he can keep breathing continue.
88
Dr. Muslim Khan “DMS A&E” LRH Peshawar
If a person is unconscious, don’t hold him from the neck. We suppose that
every unconscious person in the accident situation is with a damage neck.
Always hold them from the shoulders.
In case of vessel injury, tide the body from such place so that the
bleeding could be stopped. Tide it very tightly because we have to save
the life here.
If his leg or hand, for example, is broken then give it a slab so as to keep
it straight and protect further damages.
If the patient is not breathing then place him straight on a place and hold
his leg up in the air for some time. Do not force a person to sit who is in a
state of fit. During fit don’t give any water to the patient so that he can
breathe freely9.
Recommendations
For Improvement
9
Ali Haide, Neoro-Surgeon Consultant, A & E LRH Peshawar
The role of the Medical Social Worker is Nil in the hospital. The concept
which we have studied is not present in a minor amount here. So this is a
recommendation here that the medical social work should be applied with
its true spirit and nature. The medical social worker should be given only
the social job not that jobs which do not relate to his profession.
There is no system for the field work of the social work students. A
proper system hasn’t been devised still. So a well developed system
should be devised for the university students to have their field work
training in this institution. A separate room and a field supervisor should
be allocated for them. The existing social workers in the hospital have
more work to do, and they have very rarely sometime to give to the
students.
The number of the medical social workers are nil in the hospital. One
social worker at least is required for each ward. They are more
concerned with the socio-economic position of the patients. This has been
felt during the internship period that we need more social workers for all
the wards of the hospital. The social workers should be appointed for
those places where the staff has a direct dealing with the public.
The management of the unclaimed cases is the one of the duty of the
social welfare section of the hospital. The social welfare unit should be
given a separate place where such cases could be dealt or the quota
should be given to the social welfare unit in each ward for such cases.
Due to the non-availability of such place the unit authorities are getting
troubles in performing their duties.
Case histories
Our group in the agency consist of eleven members. The group was
divided by the authorities into three sub-groups. One group was sent to
the orthopedic ward, one to the medical –A ward, and one to the
Accidents & Emergency department. Our group was working in the A&E
department. Now therefore all the case histories given below have been
taken in the A&E department of the hospital. There is a number of the
case histories which have been collected by the group but for the sake of
our report only four of them are being presented here.
Case no. 1
Case no. 2
Dr. Ayub after assessing his x-rays and lab report said that the case is not
so severe. The doctor prescribed some medication and said that he should
drink water in large amount.
Case no. 3
Identification
Present History
According to all the respondents, the baba has been beaten on the head
by the brother of his Bahoo whose name is Bilal / 20y. he was beaten
when he was taking care of his cow. The patient him self don’t know that
who beat him
Past History
His son was fired down by mafroors 14 years ago. Due to this trauma he
has got a severe shock. Bcz he was his only son. This traumatic event
makes him irritable minded. The baba has distributed the property among
the stakeholders. He has a house as a property on his name. the bahoo
want to sell the house but the baba is not ready to do so. The relationship
between them are very constraint.
According to the respondents they have a quarrel just few days ago. The
reason was that the bahoo has stayed in someone’s home for 20 days
without the permission of the baba.
Financial Position
The baba took his care and meet all his expense by him self. He has 15
goats and a milk cow, which is his major source of earnings. He has also
poultry hens in home.
Socio-cultural situation
This is a very complex case. Pir qala is the are of pukhtoons near
mohmand agency. Socio-economically the area is very backward and less
developed. There is mass illiteracy and lack of educational facilities and
other services. The people are very poor though they have their own
properties.
Diagnoses
Why a poor baba who is near his medical death has bean beaten by his
bahoo’s brother?
There can be many reasons for this case. One major reason is the
property distribution. The second is the generation gap. The third can be
that the character of the bahoo may not be normal, which has caused the
incident.
But when the social worker visited him on 26 of sep, he was discharge by
the incharge of the ward. The doctor has discharged him just by
examining his physical conditions. The social situation of the patient in his
community and family is still not in his favour. He has to live with the
same Bahoo who is responsible for his being here in the hospital. Now the
baba can again come to the casualty in the emergency situation.
Recommendation
We have to develop a system for the rehabilitation of such patients whose
family environment is against them. The bahoo of the baba haven’t been
contacted by any one, this is just bcz there is no social worker or
counselor in any ward. The social worker has just tried to contact her but
during this the patient was discharged. So the social worker has lost the
case. There should be at least one social worker appointed for each ward
or department, who can make some rehabilitation processes for such
patients.
Case no. 4
Identification
Present History
According to all the respondents, the patient has been beaten on the head
by three persons. There names are Haider, Gohar, and Awal Gul. The
main stakeholder is Gohar. They have beaten him at 8:00 am when the
people were busy in saying their prayers.
Past History
Mr. Hameed has a joint family system. They are 25 members living in one
house. They have enough manpower to maintain and to threat others in
the village. But this time the other party was more strong then them.
About half of the village belongs to the other party. The reputation of the
Hameed’s family is not good in this regard.
This time the dispute begin, according to the respondents, bcz Gohar and
Hameed have an agreement of zamindari and mazdoori. But Gohar
refused to work with him just a night before the work has to begun. Now
it was due to this refusal they have a little bit quarrels at that time. But
Gohar plan after this and beat him with the help of his brother and friend.
Socio-cultural situation
Bela Neko Khan is situated on Dalazak road. It is a typical rural area. This
area is included in Khalisa, which is famous for its greenery and Sugar
Cane production. Most of the people belongs to agriculture. Agricultural
disputes are the daily routine of the area. So the above case is. Similarly
an agricultural dispute. The people of the area are generally less
developed and illiterate.
Diagnoses
Mr. Hameed has a family background which is full of such incidents,
quarrels and disputes. His family is not in a mood to resolve the current
dispute. Although they have a jirga system in their area but it is not so
much effective. The current incident is due to the cultural pattern of the
area.
Hospital history and social worker’s role
The patient was brought to the hospital on 24 of September. He was
given the first aid in the trauma room of A&E. when the social worker met
him he was laying unconsciously on the bed. So the interview was taken
from the respondents. As they have a joint family system so there was a
number of respondents available on the spot.
Next day the social worker visited him in the neurosurgical ward. The
family was busy in taking care of him. There were at least ten
respondents available at that time. So it was difficult to interview them in
this crises situation. So the visit was made again on the next day. When
the social worker met him he was unconscious. But the social worker was
amazed to here that the hospital concerns have discharged him.
Remarks
Now this is the case where the real social work is needed. The disputes of
Hameed are still present. No jirga has still been conducted. The
environment of his community is not favourable to him. But he was
discharged. --- now it could happen again that he may come in the same
condition to the hospital.
We have to develop a system for rehabilitation of such patients. There is
an urgent need of professional social workers in hospitals.
There are some situations in our life when we are completely helpless and
in a very crucial condition. In this situation we need the help of other
people. One such situation is when somebody gets a life threatening
illness. The other such situation is a sudden casualty such as bomb blast,
traffic accident. In these incidents some people go to death while some
are extremely injured. These people can be saved if they are given the
necessary treatment immediately. The injured people need immediate
blood. But sometimes the blood group of the case is not available in the
blood bank. So therefore we have collected some of the voluntary blood
donors who are ready at anytime to donate their blood for the needy
people. You just call them and they will be available. Some of the donors
name and their contacts are being given below;
S. BLOOD CONTACT
NAME F/NAME ADDRESS
NO GROUP NO.
Bibliography
2. Abrar Anjum, “Senior Social Medical Officer” Zakat Cell. LRH Peshawar
A & E Staff
NEWS PAPER
INTERNET
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_department
LRH WEBSITE
4. Dr. Jahanbaz Afridi, “History of Lady Reading Hospital”, Lady Reading Hospital
Peshawar
http://www.lrh.gon.pk/ohms/frmhistory.aspx
5. Dr. Jahanbaz Afridi, “Out Patient Facilities”, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar
http://www.lrh.gon.pk/ohms/frmoutpatient.aspx
7. Dr. Jahanbaz Afridi, “Accident & Emergency”, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar
http://www.lrh.gon.pk/ohms/frmaccidentemergency.aspx