Over water[edit]

Viaducts over water are often combined with other types of bridges or tunnels to cross navigable
waters. The viaduct sections, while less expensive to design and build than tunnels or bridges with
larger spans, typically lack sufficient horizontal and vertical clearance for large ships. See
the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel.
The Millau Viaduct is a cable-stayed road-bridge that spans the valley of the River
Tarn near Millau in southern France. Designed by the French bridge engineer Michel Virlogeux, in
collaboration with architect Norman Robert Foster, it is the tallest vehicular bridge in the world, with
one pier's summit at 343 metres (1,125 ft)slightly taller than the Eiffel Tower and only 38 m (125 ft)
shorter than the Empire State Building. It was formally dedicated on 14 December 2004 and opened
to traffic two days later. The viaduct DanyangKunshan Grand Bridge in China is the longest bridge
in the world according toGuinness World Records as of 2011.[9]

Land use below viaducts[edit]

Light industrial units under railway arches in South Harrow, London.

"Deansgate Locks" bars underDeansgate Metrolink station inManchester.

Where a viaduct is built across land rather than water, the space below the arches may be used for
businesses such as car parking, vehicle repairs, light industry, bars and nightclubs. In the United
Kingdom, many railway lines in urban areas have been constructed on viaducts, and so the
infrastructure owner Network Rail has an extensive property portfolio in arches under viaducts.[10]

Past and future[edit]

Elevated expressways were built in major cities such as Boston (Central
Artery),Seoul, Tokyo, Toronto (Gardiner Expressway).[11] Some were demolished because they were
ugly and divided the city.[citation needed] However, in developing nations such as Thailand, India (DelhiGurgaon Expressway), China, Bangladesh, Pakistan, elevated expressways have been built and
more are under construction to improve traffic flow, particularly as a workaround of land shortage
when built atop surface roads.[citation needed] In Indonesia viaducts are used for railways in Java and also
forhighways such as the Jakarta Inner Ring Road. The Coule verte Ren-Dumont inParis, France is
a disused viaduct which was converted to an urban park in 1993.

Gallery[edit]

Viaduct (also a trestle bridge) of Tren a las Nubes in Salta,Argentina.

Renmin Lu Viaduct of the city of Guangzhou(formerly Canton) is the first

viaduct built inmainland China.

The Patapat Viaduct inIlocos Norte, Philippines

The Canton Viaduct is an example of a blind arcade cavity wall.

Knaresborough viaduct is an elegant four-span bridge standing 78 ft high

above the River Nidd.

A 21-arch bridge spanning Yorkshire'sWharfe valley, engineered for the

Leeds and Thirsk Railway circa 1850.

A derelict viaduct known as Lobb Ghyll, built by the Midland Railway in

1888 to connect Ilkleyand Skipton.

The Prince Edward Viaduct in Toronto is an example of a viaduct with

multiple decks.

Railway viaduct crossing the Santa Ana River inRiverside, California,

United States. Built in 1903.

The Cypress Street Viaduct was an example of a double decker freeway

in Oakland, California which collapsed in the 1989 Loma Prieta
earthquakeand was later demolished.

The Alaskan Way Viaduct in Seattle, Washington, United States. To be

demolished in 2016 (or possibly later) after the tunnel being built to replace
it is complete.

The Millau Viaduct, and the town of Millau, France on the right. It is the
tallest bridge in the world.

The Garabit Viaduct is a steel truss arch bridge.

The Lewis and Clark Viaduct connectsDowntown Kansas City,

Missouri with downtownKansas City, Kansas.

Crumlin Viaduct, on the Taff Vale Extension of the West Midland Railway,
1855.

References[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has
media related to Viaduct.
Look up viaduct in
Wiktionary, the free
dictionary.

1.

Jump up^ merriam-webster

2.

Jump up^ The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48

3.

Jump up^ WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006)

4.

^ Jump up to:a b oxforddictionaries

5.

Jump up^ Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 10th

Edition

6.

Jump up^ Colin OConnor: Roman Bridges, Cambridge University

Press 1993, ISBN 0-521-39326-4, p. 99

7.

Jump up^ Brownlee, Christy (March 2005) "Taking the high road:
France's new bridge helps a small town dodge trafficand set a new
world record" SuperScience 16(6): pp.1215;

8.

Jump up^ Davidsen, Judith (April 1993) "A new "lite" rail viaduct
formula: Norman Foster designs a rapid-transit viaduct for Rennes,
France" Architectural Record 181(4): p.26;

9.

Jump up^ Longest bridge, Guinness World Records. Last accessedd

July 2011.

10. Jump up^ http://property.networkrail.co.uk/industrialunitstolet.aspx

11. Jump up^ Toronto built, then demolished an expressway

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