Economy of Canada

With the exception of a few small island nations in the Caribbean, Canada is the only
major parliamentary democracy in thewestern hemisphere. As a result, Canada has developed its
own social and political institutions, distinct from most other countries in the world. [21] Though the
Canadian economy is closely integrated with the American Economy, it has developed unique
economic institutions.
The Canadian economic system generally combines elements of private enterprise and public
enterprise. Many aspects of public enterprise, most notably the development of an extensive social
welfare system to redress social and economic inequities, were adopted after 1945, or after the
events of World War Two.[21]

GOVERNMENT

OF CANADA

Monarchy[edit]
Main article: Monarchy of Canada
As per the Constitution Acts of 1867 and 1982, Canada is a constitutional monarchy, wherein the
role of the reigning sovereign is both legal and practical, but not political. [12] The Crown is regarded as
a corporation sole, with the monarch, vested as she is with all powers of state, [13] at the centre of a
construct in which the power of the whole is shared by multiple institutions of government acting
under the sovereign's authority.[14][15][16] The executive is thus formally called the Queen-in-Council, the
legislature the Queen-in-Parliament, and the courts as the Queen on the Bench.[7]
Royal Assent is required to enact laws and, as part of the Royal Prerogative, the royal signmanual gives authority to letters patent and orders in council, though the authority for these acts
stems from the Canadian populace and,[17][18] within the conventional stipulations of constitutional
monarchy, the sovereign's direct participation in any of these areas of governance is limited. [19][20] The
Royal Prerogative also includes summoning, proroguing, anddissolving parliament in order to call an
election, and extends to foreign affairs: the negotiation and ratification of treaties, alliances,
international agreements, and declarations of war;[21] the accreditation of Canadian, and receipt of
foreign, diplomats; and the issuance of passports.[22]
The person who is monarch of Canada (currently Queen Elizabeth II) is also the monarch of15 other
countries in the Commonwealth of Nations, though, he or she reigns separately asKing or Queen of

Canada, an office that is "truly Canadian" and "totally independent from that of the Queen of the
United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms".[23][24] The sovereign appoints a federal
viceregal representativethe Governor General of Canada(currently David Johnston)who, since
1947, is permitted to exercise almost all of the monarch's Royal Prerogative, though there are some
duties which must be specifically performed by, or bills that require assent by, the king or queen.

Executive power
The government is defined by the constitution as the Queen acting on the advice of her privy council.
[1][25][26][27]

However, the Privy Councilconsisting mostly of former members of parliament, chief

justices of the Supreme Court, and other elder statesmenrarely meets in full; as the stipulations
of responsible government require that those who directly advise the monarch and governor general
on how to exercise the Royal Prerogative be accountable to the elected House of Commons, the
day-to-day operation of government is guided only by a sub-group of the Privy Council made up of
individuals who hold seats in parliament.[27] This body of ministers of the Crown is the Cabinet.
One of the main duties of the Crown is to "ensure that a democratically elected government is
always in place,"[28] which means appointing a prime minister (at present Stephen Harper) to
thereafter head the Cabinet.[29] Per convention, the governor general must appoint as prime minister
the person who holds the confidence of the House of Commons; in practice, this is typically the
leader of the political partythat holds more seats than any other party in that chamber, currently
the Conservative Party. Should no party hold a majority in the commons, the leader of one party
either the one with the most seats or one supported by other partieswill be called by the governor
general to form a minority government. Once sworn in by the viceroy, the prime minister holds office
until he or she resigns or is removed by the governor general, after either a motion of nonconfidence or his party's defeat in a general election.
REF:en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Canada

Mixed Economy (USA)

What type of economic system exists in the United States today? Although the United States is often
regarded as a capitalist system, it is actually a mixed economy. Adam Smith emphasized that private
property rights, freedom of choice and competition are necessary and fundamental elements of pure
capitalism. Does the United States economy fulfill these conditions? Sort of. The U.S. economic system
does have a high degree of private ownership and individual freedom, (see link for an index of economic

freedom) but a significant component of the economy is controlled by the government. In fact, current
estimates indicate that Federal government spending accounts for up to one-third of our economy.
This wasnt always the case. Prior to the Great Depression of the 1930s, the United States was primarily a
free-market capitalist system and government involvement was minimal. But the massive unemployment
and widespread poverty of the Great Depression caused some to believe that capitalism, as an economic
system, had failed. John Maynard Keynes revolutionized economic thought and proposed a system of
managed capitalism. As a result of the Keynesian revolution government took a more active role in
regulating the economy. This period created a change in the nature of government and the assumption of
governments responsibilities. Franklin Delano Roosevelt famously created an economic bill of
rights that specified certain rights that were to be afforded to all. These included the right to an
education, affordable health care and housing. The government assumed the responsibility to house, feed
and educate its citizens.
For more information on John Maynard Keynes and his theories, see
Resources for John Maynard Keynes
http://cepa.newschool.edu/het/profiles/keynes.htM

GOVERNMENT SYSTEM
THE GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA IS
DIVIDED IN THREE BRANCHES; THE LEGISLATIVE, THE EXECUTIVE AND THE
JUDICIAL BRANCH. IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, THE HEAD OF
GOVERNMENT (THE US PRESIDENT) SHARES HIS POWERS WITH CONGRESS
AND THE JUDICIARY SYSTEM WHICH ARE INDEPENDENT ON EACH OTHER
BUT, AT THE SAME TIME, DEPEND ON EACH OTHERS DECISIONS TO
FUNCTION CORRECTLY . THE COUNTRY IS A FEDERAL CONSTITUTIONAL
REPUBLIC THEREFORE THE CONSTITUTION IS THE SUPREME LAW OF THE
LAND. THERE ARE MANY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE US DEMOCRACY AND
THAT OF OTHER COUNTRIES SINCE EVERY STATE OF THE UNION HOLDS
ENOUGH POWER TO MAKE THEIR OWN REFORMS AS LONG AS IT DOES NOT
CONTRADICT THE CONSTITUTIONAL POWERS AND THE COUNTRY IS MAINLY
RULED BY TWO POLITICAL PARTIES. THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED
STATES EXPLAINS THE FORM OF GOVERNMENT THAT SHOULD BE
FOLLOWED.