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Exercises and Activities
Exercises and Activities
in
Elementary Algebra
Exercise No. 1
Objective: Write an algebraic expression for each English phrase.
Direction: Write an algebraic expression for each of the following English phrase.
1. Seven times x
_____________________________________
2. The product of 5 and T
_____________________________________
3. Twice the number x
_____________________________________
4. The product of A and 10
_____________________________________
5. Fifty time a number L
_____________________________________
6. Thrice the number P
_____________________________________
7. Multiply S by 4
_____________________________________
8. The product of B and W
_____________________________________
9. 2x divided by y
_____________________________________
10. The sum of 100 and Y
_____________________________________
11. The sum of C and T
_____________________________________
12. Combine L with 12
_____________________________________
13. The sum of m and n
_____________________________________
14. 33 increased by a
_____________________________________
15. 12 more than a number
_____________________________________
16. Twice the sum of x and y
_____________________________________
17. The product of 2a and 3b
_____________________________________
18. The sum of 4x and 7y
_____________________________________
19. Add 4 to 5q
_____________________________________
20. Seven decreased by N
_____________________________________
21. N decreased by 7
_____________________________________
22. 9 less than x
_____________________________________
23. 9 more than x
_____________________________________
24. 32 diminished by x
_____________________________________
25. 5 added to 5f
_____________________________________
26. X divided by 17
_____________________________________
27. The number 5 divided by q
_____________________________________
28. X less than 9
_____________________________________
29. The quotient of 6 and twice x
_____________________________________
30. The difference between x and y
_____________________________________
31. Twice the difference of m and n
_____________________________________
32. The sum of 11 and an unknown numver V ________________________________
33. Twice the quotient of x and y
_____________________________________
34. Six decreased by twice a number represented by 3
_____________________
35. The sum of two unknown numbers (Choose your own letters.) ________________
Exercise No. 2
Objective: Translate each phrase into an algebraic expression.
Direction: Translate each of the following into an algebraic expression. Use any
letter to represent the unknowns unless otherwise specified.
1. Two more than a certain number
and z
5. A number diminished by 4
6. The sum of two different numbers
7. The product of two different
numbers
divided by 4
divided by 15
26. Ten more than the sum of two
different numbers.
27. The difference between 10 times a
11
number and y
Exercise No. 3
Objective: Represent the unknowns.
Direction: Translate each of the following algebraic expression into an English phrase.
1. x+y
2. 4+m
3. A+4
4. M-N
5. N-M
6.
7.
15.
8.
16.
9.
17.
10. MN
18. x(a-b)
11. 2a+3
19. y(b-a)
12. 4x-5
20. (a+b)(b-a)
13. 4-7x
21. 3(a+4) - 32
14.
22.
+ 4(x+y)
23. (xy)2
Exercise No. 5
Objective: Form an equation and solve each problem.
John wants to surprise his on Valentines Day. He wants to give her a flower that
can symbolize what he really feels for her. John consulted with her gardener and is his
advice, Hmmmmthe best flower for her is.
Directions: Translate and solve each to determine the integers being asked for. From
the boxes, get the word that corresponds to your answer. Write the integers and the
symbolic meaning of each flower on the column provided.
Equation
1. The sum of four
Integer
consecutive integers is
50. Find the integers.
2. Find two consecutive
integers such that six
times the first equals
five more than five times
the second.
3. Find three consecutive
even integers such that
the second plus the third
is three time the first.
4. Find two consecutive
integers such that four
times the smaller minus
three times the larger
equals zero.
5. Find three consecutive
Flowers
1. Cadena de Amor
2. Lilac
Integers/Symbolic Meaning
3. Gardenia
4. Orchid
5. Chysanthemum
Exercise No. 6
Objective: Write the equation from the word problem.
Directions: Match the equation with the word problem it represents. Write the equation
and corresponding letter. Then write the letter of the equation in the circle that has the
problem number. Discover the message formed by the letters.
M. = 73
T. x+8 = 21
H. c+10 = 35
S. a-12 = 25
P. 4t = 360
A. 2s = 18
D. m-13 = 41
U. = 55
1. Allan has 8 more marbles than Jon does. If Allan has 21 marbles, how many does
Jon has? ____________________
2. Ana is 12 years younger than Ellen. If Ana is 25, how old is Ellen? _______________
3. Owen has scored twice as many goals as Rico has. If Owens goal total is 18, how
many goals has Rico scored? ____________________
4. Liza delivered 13 fewer magazines this week than last week. If she delivered 41
magazines this week, how many did she deliver last week? ____________________
5. Three friends went out for lunch. They shared the cost of the meal equally. If each
person paid P55, what was the total cost of the meal? ____________________
6. Jenny and her friends share a pizza. The cost of pizza is shared equally between
them. If each of them pays P73, how much does the pizza cost? __________________
7. Henry sold 10 more cards than Eric did. If Henry sold 35 cards, how many did Eric
sell? ____________________
8. Edna paid 4 times as much for a tape as her friend did. If Edna paid P360, how much
did her friend pay? ____________________
Exercise No. 7
Objective: To translate verbal phrase to algebraic expressions.
Answer
Column A
Column B
a. ab+20
d. 62-x
h. 5(3m)
i. 6n+2
n. 9+(m/n)
o. 3x-5
p. 16/n
s. 4m+(n/3)
u. (y+11) - 8
t. 12y/7
Exercise No. 8
Objective: To translate verbal phrase to algebraic expressions.
Directions: Match Column A with Column B by performing the indicated statements and
operations. Write the letter that corresponds to your answer on the space before each
number.
a. 2(x+20)+4
b. (8-x)(14-x)
another number
3. The sum of a number and fifteen
c. x+(x+20)
d. 2x+8
e. 3(x+5)
twenty years
6. In 5 years, he will be thrice as old as his son
f. 5(12/x)
g.(8-x)(14+x)
h. x-5
i. x2+y3
j. x+15
k. 14x
Activity No. 1
Objective: Solve problems accurately.
Directions: Analyze and solve each problem. Answer what is asked in each problem.
The sum of two numbers is 29 and their difference is 5. Find the numbers.
REPRESENT: Let ___ = one of the numbers
RELATE:
EQUATE:
SOLVE:
PROVE:
a. Their sum is 29: _____
b. Their difference is 5: _____
The sum of two numbers is 30. The second number is 2 more than thrice
the first number. Find the numbers.
REPRESENT: Let ___ = the first number
RELATE:
EQUATE:
SOLVE:
PROVE:
a. Their sum is 30: _____
b. The other number is 2 more than thrice the first number: _____
Activity No. 2
Objective: Write the expressions and perform some calculations.
You have heard of number puzzles when someone asks you to choose numbers
and perform some calculations, and then the person tells you what the result is, or is
able to tell you the number you chose.
Example:
Choose a number
_______________________
Add three
_______________________
_______________________
Subtract two
_______________________
Divided by two
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
To see why the result is two, look at the expression for each step.
Choose a number
_________
Add three
_________
x+3
_________
2(x+3) = 2x+6
Subtract two
_________
2x+6-2 = 2x+4
Divided by two
_________
_________
x+2-2 = x
Direction: Write the expressions that show how the following number puzzles work.
1. Choose a number
_______________________
_______________________
Add nine
_______________________
Divide by two
_______________________
_______________________
The result is 4
_______________________
2. Choose a number
_______________________
Double it
_______________________
Add six
_______________________
_______________________
Divide by four
_______________________
_______________________
The result is 3
_______________________
Activity No. 3
Objective: Use equations in solving age problems.
Mr. Garcia, a mathematics teacher, was travelling by bus with his family
consisting of his mother, wife, son and daughter. The bus conductor, doubting the sons
right age to have a half-fare ticket, asked How old is your daughter? Mr. Garcia
irritated at having him questioned, confused the conductor with his answer: My
daughter is twice as old as my son. My wife is three times as old as the sum of the age
Activity No. 4
Rate and Time
Objective: Solve problems involving distance.
Directions: Read and analyze each problem. Do what is being asked.
1. A truck and a car leave the same service at the same time and travel in the same
direction. The truck travels at 110 km per hour (kph) and the car 80 kph. They
can maintain CB radio contact with a range of 20 kilometers (km). When will they
lose contact?
Complete the following table to aid the translation.
distance
rate
Distance
Speed
Truck
110
Car
time
Time
2. A train leaves a station and travels east at 72 kph. Three hours later, a second
train leaves on a parallel track and travels east at 120 kph. When will it overtake
the first train?
Distance
Speed
Slow train
72
Fast train
distance
Time
rate
time
d = 72( )
d = ( )t
3. Two cars leave town at the same time going in the same direction. One travels at
30 mph and the other travels at 40 mph. in how many hours will they be at 72
miles apart? (Hint, formulate a chart)
4. A private airplane leaves an airport and flies due south at 192 kph. Two hours
later, a jet leaves the same airport and flies due south at 960 kph. When will the
jet overtake the plane?
distance
rate
time
Distance
Speed
Time
Airplane
192
t+2
Jetplane
960
Exercise No. 1
Number Related Problems
Objective: Represent the unknowns.
A. Represent twice a given number if the given is represented by:
1. 8
__________
6. 3y+2
__________
2. b
__________
7. x
__________
3. 3a
__________
8. 3-5x
__________
4. a+2
__________
9.
__________
5. 2m+5
__________
10.
__________
______________________________
12. 5x
______________________________
13. 2x+1
______________________________
14. 5-x
______________________________
15. 7x+5
______________________________
C. Represent in terms of x, five less than a given number if the given number is
represented by:
16. 10
__________
21. 5-3x
__________
17. 2x
__________
22. 7x-3
__________
18. 3x+1
__________
23. x
__________
19. x-4
__________
24. x
__________
20. 2x+7
__________
25. -5
__________
D. The sum of two numbers is 60. Represent in terms of x the larger number if the
smaller number is represented by:
26. 14
__________
31. 4x+1
__________
27. x
__________
32. 1-7x
__________
28. 3x
__________
33.
____________
29. 2x+1
__________
34. 2x+4+3x
__________
30. 2-3x
__________
35. 5x-4+x
__________
E. The sum of two numbers is 120. Represent (in terms of m) the smaller number if the
larger number is represented by:
36. 80
__________
41. 4-m
__________
37. m
__________
42. 3-4m
__________
38. 15m
__________
43.
__________
39. m+4
__________
44.
__________
40. 2m+3
__________
45. 3(m+1)
__________
__________
51. 5+k
__________
47. t
__________
52. 7k+5
__________
48. 2a+1
__________
53. m+n
__________
49. 7b
__________
54. 3a-2b
__________
50. 2-3a
__________
55.
____________
G. Represent the sum of thrice the first number and the second if the first and the
second numbers are represented by:
56. 4 and 7
______________________________
57. p and 4
______________________________
______________________________
59. sp and 4p
______________________________
______________________________
Exercise No. 2
Number Problems
_____________________________________
Equation:
_____________________________________________________
Answer:
_____________________________________________________
________________________________________________
__________________________
Equation:
_____________________________________________________
Answer:
_____________________________________________________
___________________________________________
_____________________
Equation:
_____________________________________________________
Answer:
_____________________________________________________
___________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
Answer:
_____________________________________________________
___________________________________________
__________________________
Equation:
_____________________________________________________
Answer:
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
Answer:
_____________________________________________________
________________________________
_____________________________________________________
Answer:
_____________________________________________________
________________________________
Equation:
_____________________________________________________
Answer:
_____________________________________________________
9. The difference between eight times a number and nine is negative twenty five.
Eight times a number
___________________________________________
________________
Equation:
_____________________________________________________
Answer:
_____________________________________________________
___________________________________________
Equation:
_____________________________________________________
Answer:
_____________________________________________________
Exercise No. 3
Age Problems
Objective: Represent the unknowns.
A. Mercy is 17 years old now. Represent her age:
__________
__________
2. 3 years ago
__________
__________
4. 2x years ago
__________
__________
__________
__________
2. 11 years ago
__________
3. a years ago
__________
__________
__________
C. Mr. Matthew Matics is y+5 years old now. Represent his age:
__________
1. 3 years ago
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
1. Now
__________
2. 8 years ago
__________
__________
4. x years ago
__________
__________
E. Arielle will be 57 years old p years from now. Represent her age:__________
1. Now
__________
2. 3 years ago
__________
__________
__________
5. m years ago
__________
F. Five years ago, Edwin was 27 years old. Represent his age:
1. At present
__________
__________
2. 3 years ago
__________
__________
4. q years ago
__________
__________
G. P years ago, Mr. Reyes was Q years old. Represent his age:
__________
1. At present
__________
__________
3. 5 years ago
__________
__________
__________
Exercise No. 4
Work Problems
Objective: Represent the unknowns.
A. What part of the job can Aris do per hour if the whole job takes him:
1. 11 hours
__________
2. m hours
__________
3. 3 days
__________
4. (x+1) hours
__________
5. (x+3) hours
__________
6. 45 minutes
__________
7. hour
__________
8. 5 days
__________
9. 2 hours
__________
10. hour
__________
B. If Owen can paint a wall in 5 hours, how much of the wall can he paint in:
1. 5 hours
__________
2. 2 hour
__________
3. 3x hours
__________
4. (x+7) hours
__________
5.
__________
hours
C. What part of the sink can a faucet fill per minute if the whole sink can be filled in:
1. 45 minutes
__________
4. 7 minutes
__________
2. 4 hours
__________
5. 2/3 minute
__________
3. 3 minutes
__________
Exercise No. 5
Motion Problems
__________
5. 2x kph
__________
2. 30 kph
__________
6.
__________
3. 45 kph
__________
7. 5x kph
4. x kph
__________
(x+1) kph
__________
B. Mr. Ramos can travel at a rate of 6 kilometers per hour. Find the distance he can
cover in:
1. 2 hours
__________
5. 3 hrs 45 minutes
__________
2. 4 hours
__________
6. x hours
__________
3. 3 hours
__________
7. (x-3) hours
__________
4. 30 minutes
__________
8. 30x minutes
__________
C. An airplane flew 4000 kilometers. Represent the rate of the plane if the time needed
to fly is:
1. 4 hours
__________
4. 2y hours
__________
2. 6 hours
__________
5. 3(x+1) hours
__________
3. x hours
_________
Activity No. 1
Objective: Solve Number Problems
Directions: Analyze and Solve. Answer what is asked in each problem.
The smaller of two numbers is thrice the larger. The larger number is eight
more than the smaller one. Find the numbers.
REPRESENT:
RELATE:
EQUATE:
SOLVE:
Answers:
PROVE:
_____
The sum of two even numbers is 30. The larger number is twelve more than
one half the smaller number. Find the numbers.
REPRESENT:
RELATE:
EQUATE:
SOLVE:
Answers:
PROVE:
Activity No. 2
Objective: Solve age problems.
Directions: Complete the table by representing the unknowns. Solve accurately.
1. The sum of Patricks age and Waynes age is 58. Eight years ago, Patrick was twice
as old as Wayne then. How old is Wayne.
REPRESENT: Let _____ = Waynes present age
RELATE:
EQUATE:
Past
SOLVE:
ANSWER:
PROVE: The sum of their ages is 58.
2. Alvin is now 21 years older than his son. In 8 years, he will be twice as old as his
sons age. What are their present ages?
REPRESENT: Let _____ = the sons present age
RELATE:
Future
Son
Alvin
EQUATE:
SOLVE:
ANSWER:
PROVE: Alvins age is twice his sons age.
3. Aris is twice as old as Rico while Jay is 24 years younger than Aris. If half of Aris
age six years ago was three less than one half the sum of Ricos age in four years
and Jays present age, find the ages of each.
REPRESENT:
RELATE:
Now
Rico
Aris
Jay
EQUATE:
SOLVE:
ANSWER:
PROVE:
_____
_____
Activity No. 3
Objective: Solve motion problems.
Directions: Complete the table by representing the unknowns. Solve accurately.
Charts are very useful in solving problems involving two moving objects whose speed
does not change.
1. Pangasinan and Manila are about 240 kilometers apart. A car leaves Manila
traveling towards Pangasinan at 65 kph. At the same time, a bus leaves Pangasinan
bound for Manila at 55 kph. How long will it take before they meet?
REPRESENT: Let _____ = the number of hours it takes for the vehicles to meet
RELATE:
Rate
Car
Time
Distance
Bus
EQUATE:
SOLVE:
ANSWER:
2. There are two buses. The rabbit heads north in the expressway at 45 kph. Exactly
12 minutes after, the Express follows at a steady speed of 54 kph. How long does it
take the Express to overtake the rabbit?
REPRESENT: Let _____ = the Express time
RELATE:
Time
Distance
Rabbit
Express
EQUATE:
SOLVE:
ANSWER:
3. While waiting for a train, Mel takes a bus ride at 60 kph to a certain point and then
walks back leisurely at 10kph. The bus ride takes 15 minutes less than his walking
time. How far does he walk and for how long?
REPRESENT: Let _____ = the walking time
RELATE:
Walk
Ride
EQUATE:
SOLVE:
ANSWER:
Time
Distance
Activity No. 4
Objective: Solve work problems.
Directions: Represent and solve the given problems.
1. Richard can build a doghouse by himself in 3 days. Alvin can build the same
doghouse in 6 days. How long will it take them if they work together?
REPRESENT:
RELATE:
Rate
Time
Richard
Alvin
EQUATE:
SOLVE:
Work
ANSWER:
PROVE:
2. Marivic can type a committee report in 5 hours. Maricar, who is a slower typist,
helped Marivic and together they finished the report in 3 ours. How long would it take
Maricar if she worked alone?
REPRESENT: Let t = time it would take Maricar to do the job herself
Rate
Marivic
1/5
Maricar
1/t
Time
Work
EQUATE:
SOLVE:
ANSWER:
PROVE:
3. A swimming pool has two inlet pipes. One pipe can fill the pool in 6 hours; the other
can fill it in 3 hours. The pool has one outlet pipe that can empty the pool in 4 hours.
One day, when filling up the pool after it was cleaned, the outlet pipe was left open
by mistake. How long did it take to fill the pool?
REPRESENT:
RELATE:
Rate
Time
Input Pipe 1
Input Pipe 2
Outlet Pipe
EQUATE:
SOLVE:
Work
ANSWER:
PROVE: