Lec3-4 - Info Retrieval

Outline
Information Retrieval
Topics
Course schedule
Jung-Su Kim
kim@ist.uni-stuttgart.de
Pfaffenwalding 9, Room 3.237
IST, Univ. of Stuttgart
Forms of scientific resources

Properties of scientific resources
Searching for existing literature
Obtaining literature
How to stay up-to-date
Evaluation of the findings
ResearchMethodsinEng.,2006
New results
1st recording: available by researcher who found result first.
Secondary sources
report about results
commented results
usually not by original researcher.
IST,Univ.ofStuttgart
Examples for primary sources

Primary sources
-- Control engineering
Scientific journals or magazines

Proceedings of scientific meetings
Patents
Technical reports
Dissertations
Student theses
Books
non-literature resources
Examples for secondary sources
cont.
Primary sources
The bread and butter of the researcher.
Most up-to-date information.
Written for the expert reader
often not easy to read/comprehend.
Contains building blocks to build upon.
For checking whether your results have been
published by others already.

cont.
Secondary sources
Good as starting point if area is new for you.

useful to overview primary literature.
Good source for helpful results from other disciplines.
Usually contain comprehensive literature lists.
Often assesses value of primary sources.
cont.
Monographs
(text)Books
Some journal articles (survey papers, etc.)
lecture notes
Manuals
Encyclopedias
Handbooks
Dictionaries
Searching for existing literature

Books:
monographs, textbooks, dissertations
Scientific articles:
journal articles, conference proceedings,
Patents
Technical reports
The life of a scientific article
Properties of representative resources

Journal paper
Exact and qualitative research result
Published after strict review by other experts
May be results a few years ago
Conference paper
Less strict review
May be results a few months or at most a year ago
Can hear the authors talk directly in the meeting
1.
Making research result
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Writing an article
Article send to journal editor
Reviewing of article
Decision about publication
Revision of article
Re-review
Backlog of journal(waiting for publication)
Printing and publishing article
Possibility for
time for [2-9] > time for [1]
Book or book chapter

Written by experts
Gathered and explained previous results by experts
9
Publication delay
minimum 1 year
1 to 4 years
major meetings:
workshops:
Web resources:
about 1 year
several months
no delay
Attention: Often no time stamp
Personal contacts:
Good starting point
Publication delays of selected resources

Books:
Journal articles:
Conference proceedings
10
Every new beginning comes from some other beginning's end
Again, problem definition

Select key words regarding the problem
Systematic search
Analysis of previous results
Existence of similar results
What are good references?
What is the best and recognized result in the literature?
no delay
the publication date may be misleading

11
12
Typical organization of article

Importance of scanning introduction
Introduction
Literature overview:
key recent results, key players, and important papers
Problem definition
Simple description of the proposed method
Searching for books
Univ. library
http://www.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/
Bowkers Books in Print
www.booksinprint.com
Verzeichnis Lieferbarer Bcher www.buchhandel.de
KN
www.buchkatalog.de
Library of Congress
www.loc.gov
On-line bookstores
www.buecher.de,
www.amazon.com,
Preliminaries
Main result
Case study or simulation
Conclusion
Main result and future work
13
Searching for scientific articles

-- control engineering
INSPEC
http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/dbinfo/e
inzeln.phtml?bib_id=ub_s&colors=7&ocolors=40&
titel_id=54
http://portal.isiknowledge.com/portal.cgi?DestAp
p=XS_FORM&Func=Frame
http://www.scirus.com/srsapp/
http://sherry.ifi.unizh.ch/
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/search/advsearch.jsp
http://www.sciencedirect.com/
http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/
http://www.google.com
15
14
Searching for patents

Patents On-Line:
IBM on-line patent search
http://www.patents.ibm.com
United states patent and trademark office
http://www.uspto.gov/
European patent office
http://ep.espacenet.com/
More deep information on June 21
16
and the next step:
How to stay up-to-date
How to obtain the literature I found?
Local libraries are the key sources

Interlibrary loan
Buy books
Subito
www.subito-doc.de
FIZ AutoDoc
www.fiz-karlsruhe.de
TIB Order On-line
www.tib.uni-hannover.de
Send an e-mail to authors to request the paper
17
Read the main journals regularly

Attend scientific meetings
Eletter on Systems, Control, and Signal Processing
http://www.ieeecss.org/PAB/eletter/archive/current.shtml
Professional Societies
19
18
Monitoring big figures and literature
IFAC (Int. Federation of Automatic Control)

IEEE (The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers)
VDI GMA (Gesellschaft Mess- und Automatisierungstec
hnik)
SIAM (Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics)
IEE (The Institution of Electrical Engineers)
------------------------------------------------------- AACC (American Automatic Control Council)
EUCA (European Union Control Association)
UKACC (United Kingdom Automatic Control Council)
Contents Direct (Elsevier)

Surf the web
Professional societies
Personal contacts
Seminars, etc.
Publication delay(about 1-4 years)

Better end leads to better result
Who are making leading edge?
News results gather around big figures
http://scholar.google.com
20
It remains
Journal evaluation: impact factor

Impact Factor measures how often articles in a specif
ic journal have been cited. The total number of quote
s during a year of the two immediately preceding yea
rs' issues
A= total cites in 1992 B= 1992 cites to articles publi
shed in 1990-91 (this is a subset of A)
C= number of articles published in 1990-91
D= B/C = 1992 impact factor
The journal Cell has an impact factor of 39.191,
i.e. every article published in issues of Cell in 1992 a
nd 1993 was quoted in 1994 an average of just over
39 times. Every article in Nature for the same period
was quoted in 1994 just over 25 times.
to screen,
to evaluate,
to read,
to comprehend,
the literature.
21
Journal evaluation: immediacy index
22
Journal Evaluation
Cited Half-life
Immediacy Index measures the average number of

times that an article, published in a specific year
within a specific journal, is cited over the course of
the same year.
Indicating journals that are publishing the latest
research in fast-moving specialties.
The journal Cell contained 450 articles in 1994.
These articles were in the same year quoted 3,037
times, i.e. each article was quoted on average 6.75
times.
The number of journal publication years (going back from the

cover year) which accounts for 50% of the total citations the ci
ted journal received in the current year.
Reflects the ongoing use of a particular journal.
The journal Cell is given the figure 4.4, i.e. half of all the
quotations from the journal Cell in the year 1994
referred to articles published in the last 4.4 years. The
remaining half, then, concerns articles older than 4.4
years.
Prestige Factor
Like the Impact Factor, Prestige Factor measures the freque

ncy that a journal is cited by other journals. However, only
citations to original articles are considered and not citations
to review articles.
Where can you see these indices?
23
24
Some prestige factor ratings 2001
IEEE T-AC:
SIAM J. Contr.Opt.:
Automatica:
Math.Control.Sig.:
IEEE T-Contrl.Syst.Tech.:
Syst.Control Lett.:
J.Process Control:
Int.J.Control:
Control Eng. Practice:
44.53
43.29
40.90
34.89
32.30
29.54
27.88
23.37
11.36
25
Closing remark
Scientific resources
How to find it
Evaluating the findings
Assignment #1
May 03
Course information
May 10
Introduction to scientific research
May 17
Information retrieval (HW-#1)
May 24
Oral presentation
May 31
Student presentation 1
June 07
Student presentation 2
June 14
Technical writing 1 (HW-#2)
June 21
Legal issue in research patent(Sturm)
June 28
Technical writing 2
Elements of research ethics (HW-#4)
July 5
Management of research projects 1(Tilebein)
July 12
Management of research projects 2(Tilebein) (HW-#4)
July
Final
26

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Outline

Forms of scientific resources

Examples for primary sources

Forms of scientific resources

Scientific journals or magazines

Forms of scientific resources

Examples for secondary sources

Forms of scientific resources

Good as starting point if area is new for you.

Searching for existing literature

The life of a scientific article

Properties of representative resources

Making research result

Book or book chapter

Good starting point

Publication delays of selected resources

Every new beginning comes from some other beginning's end

Again, problem definition

the publication date may be misleading

Typical organization of article

Searching for books

Searching for scientific articles

Searching for patents

and the next step:

How to stay up-to-date

How to obtain the literature I found?

Local libraries are the key sources

Read the main journals regularly

Monitoring big figures and literature

IFAC (Int. Federation of Automatic Control)

Contents Direct (Elsevier)

Publication delay(about 1-4 years)

Journal evaluation: impact factor

Journal evaluation: immediacy index

Immediacy Index measures the average number of

The number of journal publication years (going back from the

Like the Impact Factor, Prestige Factor measures the freque

Some prestige factor ratings 2001

Introduction to scientific research

Information retrieval (HW-#1)

Technical writing 1 (HW-#2)

Legal issue in research patent(Sturm)

Management of research projects 1(Tilebein)

Management of research projects 2(Tilebein) (HW-#4)

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