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5 Beams1
5 Beams1
MECHANICS OF
SOLIDS
Analysis and
Design
of Beams for
Bending
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Analysis and Design of Beams for Bending
Introduction
Shear and Bending Moment Diagrams
Sample Problem 5.1
Sample Problem 5.2
Relations Among Load, Shear, and Bending Moment
Sample Problem 5.3
Sample Problem 5.5
Design of Prismatic Beams for Bending
Sample Problem 5.8
5-2
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Suggested Problems
5-3
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Introduction
Objective - Analysis and design of beams
Beams - structural members supporting loads at
various points along the member
Transverse loadings of beams are classified as
concentrated loads or distributed loads
Applied loads result in internal forces consisting
of a shear force (from the shear stress
distribution) and a bending couple (from the
normal stress distribution)
Normal stress is often the critical design criteria
x
My
I
Mc M
I
S
5-4
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Introduction
Classification of Beam Supports
5-5
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Shear and Bending Moment Diagrams
Determination of maximum normal and
shearing stresses requires identification of
maximum internal shear force and bending
couple.
Shear force and bending couple at a point are
determined by passing a section through the
beam and applying an equilibrium analysis on
the beam portions on either side of the
section.
Sign conventions for shear forces V and V
and bending couples M and M
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MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Sample Problem 5.1
SOLUTION:
Treating the entire beam as a rigid
body, determine the reaction forces
5-7
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Sample Problem 5.1
SOLUTION:
Treating the entire beam as a rigid body, determine
the reaction forces
from Fy 0 M B : RB 40 kN
RD 14 kN
20 kN V1 0
V1 20 kN
M1 0
20 kN 0 m M1 0
M1 0
Fy 0
20 kN V2 0
V2 20 kN
M2 0
20 kN 2.5 m M 2 0
M 2 50 kN m
V3 26 kN
M 3 50 kN m
V4 26 kN
M 4 28 kN m
V5 14 kN
M 5 28 kN m
V6 14 kN
M6 0
5-8
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Sample Problem 5.1
Identify the maximum shear and bendingmoment from plots of their distributions.
Vm 26 kN M m M B 50 kN m
S
833.33 10 6 m3
m 60.0 106 Pa
5-9
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Sample Problem 5.2
SOLUTION:
Replace the 10 kip load with an
equivalent force-couple system at D.
Find the reactions at B by considering
the beam as a rigid body.
Section the beam at points near the
support and load application points.
Apply equilibrium analyses on
The structure shown is constructed of a
resulting free-bodies to determine
W10x112 rolled-steel beam. (a) Draw
internal shear forces and bending
the shear and bending-moment diagrams
couples.
for the beam and the given loading. (b)
determine normal stress in sections just
Apply the elastic flexure formulas to
to the right and left of point D.
determine the maximum normal
stress to the left and right of point D.
5 - 10
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Sample Problem 5.2
SOLUTION:
Replace the 10 kip load with equivalent forcecouple system at D. Find reactions at B.
Section the beam and apply equilibrium
analyses on resulting free-bodies.
From A to C :
Fy 0 3x V 0
M1 0
3x 12 x M
From C to D :
Fy 0 24 V 0
V 3x kips
0 M 1.5 x 2 kip ft
V 24 kips
M 2 0 24 x 4 M 0 M 96 24x kip ft
From D to B :
V 34 kips
5 - 11
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Sample Problem 5.2
Apply the elastic flexure formulas to
determine the maximum normal stress to
the left and right of point D.
S
126in 3
To the right of D :
m 16.0 ksi
M 1776kip in
S
126in 3
m 14.1ksi
5 - 12
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Relations Among Load, Shear, and Bending Moment
Relationship between load and shear:
Fy 0 : V V V w x 0
V w x
dV
w
dx
xD
VD VC w dx
xC
M M M V x wx x 0
M V x 12 w x
dM
V
dx
M D MC
xD
V dx
xC
5 - 13
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Sample Problem 5.3
SOLUTION:
5 - 14
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Sample Problem 5.3
SOLUTION:
dV w dx
5 - 15
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Sample Problem 5.3
Apply the relationship between bending
moment and shear to develop the bending
moment diagram.
dM
V
dx
dM V dx
5 - 16
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Sample Problem 5.5
SOLUTION:
Taking the entire beam as a free body,
determine the reactions at C.
Apply the relationship between shear
and load to develop the shear diagram.
5 - 17
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Sample Problem 5.5
SOLUTION:
Taking the entire beam as a free body,
determine the reactions at C.
Fy 0 12 w0 a RC
a
M C 0 12 w0 a L M C
3
RC 12 w0 a
M C 12 w0 a L
3
2
x
x
VB V A w0 1 dx w0 x
a
2a
0
0
a
5 - 18
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Sample Problem 5.5
Apply the relationship between bending moment
and shear to develop the bending moment
diagram.
a
x 2 x3
x
M B M A w0 x dx w0
2 6a
2a
M B 13 w0 a 2
L
M B M C 12 w0 a dx 12 w0 aL a
a
a w0
a
M C 16 w0 a3L a
L
2
3
5 - 19
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Design of Prismatic Beams for Bending
The largest normal stress is found at the surface where the
maximum bending moment occurs.
M max c M max
m
I
S
M max
all
5 - 20
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Sample Problem 5.8
SOLUTION:
Considering the entire beam as a freebody, determine the reactions at A and
D.
5 - 21
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Sample Problem 5.8
Considering the entire beam as a free-body,
determine the reactions at A and D.
M A 0 D5 m 60 kN 1.5 m 50 kN 4 m
D 58.0 kN
Fy 0 Ay 58.0 kN 60 kN 50 kN
Ay 52.0 kN
5 - 22
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Sample Problem 5.8
Determine the minimum acceptable beam
section modulus.
M max 67.6 kN m
S min
all
160 MPa
422.5 10 6 m3 422.5 103 mm3
S , mm3
W410 38.8
637
W360 32.9
474
W310 38.7
549
W250 44.8
535
W200 46.1
448
W 360 32.9
5 - 23