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Mathcad Text
Mathcad Text
Program MATHCAD is very useful tool for the solution of the technical problems. The
program is user friendly. All students of VB-TUO, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering are
able to solve the technical problems using this software in the faculty computer rooms. The
program is suitable for dealing with team or individual projects.
In this guide, there are clarified the basic mathematical operations. For the better
understanding, the text is supplemented practical examples.
CONTENT
1. CHAPTER BASIC MATHEMATICAL OPERATIONS
2. CHAPTER CREATION OF TEXT
3. CHAPTER MATRIX
4. CHAPTER SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS
5. CHAPTER SYMBOLIC OPERATION
6. CHAPTER GRAPHS -2D
7. CHAPTER GRAPHS 3D
8. CHAPTER FUNCTION ROOT
9. CHAPTER VECTORS
10. CHAPTER EULEROVA NUMERICAL METHOD
11. EXAMPLES FOR REPETITION
1. CHAPTER
If the wrong equal sign is used, it is not possible to receive the numerical result.
If the Assigned sign is used, it is possible to solve the problem symbolically and
receive the different numerical results for different numeric entry.
It is necessary to choose the letters for the variables carefully. Some letters are
predefined in MATHCAD.
Example:
There is possibility to use the right of the keyboard for the input.
1.2 UNITS
Basic information on units are in help (look at fig.1.6.) icon scoop.
Example:
Example:
Angles
If the value is given in angles, it is necessary to add unit deg ..degree.
Otherwise, the value is given in radians.
Example:
Multiple units
In MATHCAD, there are not given multiple unites. It is necessary to predefine it.
Example:
Greek letters
Greek letters is possible to input:
1. Using the icon with Greek letters (look at fig. 2.2)
3. MATRIX
3.1. CREATION OF THE MATRIX
1. Matrix is created by click to icon Matrix (look at fig. 3.1)
Determinant matrix A
Matrix inverse
Matrix transponse
The first row and the fist column have the index 0.
Matrix addition
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4. SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS
4.1. SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONS
System of equations
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Practical example:
Determine the force in the all beam of the truss as shown in the fig.3.7.
h = 4 m, b = 6 m, Q = 10 kN
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A matrix of constant
X matrix of unknowns
V matrix (vector) of results
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5. SYMBOLIC OPERATION
5.1 SYSTEM OF THE QUADRATIC
SYMBOLIC SOLUTION
AND
CUBIC
EQUATIONS
Procedure:
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5.2
SYMBOLIC DERIVATION
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Fig. 5.5 Symbolic Derivation Function with Two and More Unknowns
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5.2.2
The procedure of the derivation is described at fig. 5.6. For the result is
necessary to use equal sign for the symbolical operation.
Fig.
5.6
Symbolic Derivation.
Function
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Practical example:
Determine the function of the velocity and acceleration of the piston of the crank
mechanism as shown in the scheme 5.7.
Find the function of the angle as the function of the time = (t)
Find the function of the angle as the function of the time = (t)
Find the coordinate x as the function of the time x=x(t). Coordinate x describe
the position of the piston.
Velocity of the piston v(t) - [m/s] velocity is the first derivation of the
coordinate x with respect time t.
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5.3
SYMBOLIC INTEGRATION
The procedure of the integration is very similar as procedure of the derivation described
above.
If the function has two variable, it is necessary to click by cursor to variable according
to which to integration. (fig. 5.9).
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5.3.2
The procedure of the derivation is described at fig. 5.10. For the result is
necessary to use equal sign for the symbolical operation.
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The procedure for the numerical result of integration is the same as the procedure for
the derivation. It is described at fig. 5.11.
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6. GRAPHS 2D
The Graph toolbar (fig.6.1) button allows to insert 2-D or 3-D graphs. There are
several way of the procedure of the graph creation.
6.1.
..
10
3x
+ 2x +
3. Choose the type of the graph from the icon Graph (Fig. 6.3) and fill the variable to
the placeholder in axis x and function in axis y.
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25
There is possible to change the type, the colour and the weigh of the curve (Fig.
6.5_1).
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6.2.
ORIGIN :=
n :=
10
i :=
xi :=
On axis x variable
number of steps
..
3i
+ 2i +
function
6.3.
27
Write the name of the function with assigned sign (look at fig. 1.5)
Other steps are the same as described above in chap. 6.1 and 6.2
L := 0.8 m
:= 0.5 s
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6.4.
The way the creation is described bellow for three functions in the three different
plots. The functions have to have different name. The plot can be the same.
Open icon Graph and fill the placeholders. The different domains are on
the axis X
The functions are on axis Y. The other functions give on the axis Y when
writing comma after the previous function (Fig. 6.9).
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The next steps are the same as described in chapter 6.1 and 6.2.
7. GRAPH 3D
Write the formula for the creation of the matrix of the function value - M i,j
Creating of the graph from the icon Graph. The final graph is at Fig. 7.1.
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8. FUCTION ROOT
8.1 FUNCTION ROOT USING FOR SOLUTION OF EQUATIONS
In special occasion, the equations is no possible to solve as mentioned in the chapter 4. It is
for example equation
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The procedure for the solution of the equation using Root is described at Fig. 8.3.
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The cubic polynomial has three roots. It is possible to check, if the graph of the function for
the polynomial is drawn (Fig. 8.1).
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Checking:
9. VECTORS
Vector in 2-D is given by 2 parts, in 3-D is given by 3 parts.
Vector A in 3-D is given
Value of A is:
In 3-D problems, the orientation of the vector is determined by three angles (,,), as shown
in the picture (Fig. 9.1)
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9.1.
9.2.
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Fy := 20 N
yA := 3 m
Fz := 50 N
zA := 4 m
Mo moment of the force F to the point 0. Moment of the force to the point is vector product
radius vector R and force F.
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o := 40 deg
mt := 0.1 kg
b := 5 10
N sec m
g := 9.81 m sec
The velocity v is vector and in every positioon of the projectile has two parts (vx and vy).
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- in axis y
- in axis y
n := 10000
Tc := 75 sec
i := 0 ..
xi := 0 m
i := 1 ..
t :=
yi := 0 m
Tc
n
t = 7.5 10
vx i := 0 m sec
vy i := 0 m sec
ti := i t
n....number of steps
Tc.time of the solution
t..time for one step
vxoinitial velocity in axis x
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The equations are based on the equations for the moition with constant acceleration.
s
so + vo t +
vo + a t
1
2
a t
2
40
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