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Bili Near Hysteresis
Bili Near Hysteresis
R(x)
k2
Fy
k1
B
x(t)
A xA
xy
xC
xB
CEE 541. Structural Dynamics Duke University Fall 2014 H.P. Gavin
This model is called a non-degrading model since the stiffness of each branch of the model
does not change as damage is accumulated.
The work dissipated per cycle WD is the area of a hysteresis loop with max and min displacements xmax and xmax . The work dissipated is the product of the lengths of line segments IJ
K
R(x)
k2
Fy
k
xmax
k1
xmax
xy
x(t)
L
k2
= 2(xmax xy ) 1 + k22
IJ
q
WD = IJ
k = k2 + (xy /xmax )(k1 k2 )
The linear viscous damping ratio that is energy-equivalent to bilinear hysteretic models can
be found from equating the area of the hysteresis loop with the energy absorbed per cycle
by a linear viscous damper. In hysteretic systems, the energy dissipated per cycle depends
upon the amplitude of motion, xmax as well as the hysteretic parameters. This relation can
be analyzed in terms of dimensionless quantities. The ductility ratio is the ratio of the peak
displacement to the yield displacement, xmax /xy . The post-yield stiffness ratio is the ratio
k2 /k1 . The equivalent viscous damping ratio also depends upon a measure of stiffness. This
Bilinear Hysteresis
1
% b i l i n .m
...
e q u i v a l e n t v i s c o u s damping o f b i l i n e a r h y s t e r e s i s .
2
3
4
xy = 1;
Fy = 1000;
% y i e l d d i s p l a c e m e n t t h i s v a l u e doesn t m a t t e r
% y i e l d f o r c e t h i s v a l u e doesn t r e a l l y m a t t e r
A = xy *[ 1:0.2:6];
% ductility ratio
k1 = Fy / xy ;
K2 = [0.0 0.1 0.2 0.5 ]* k1 ;
% elastic stiffnes
% s t r a i n hardening s t i f f n e s s
Omega1 = 1;
wn1
= sqrt ( k1 );
w
= Omega1 * wn1 ;
% frequency ratio
% n a t u r a l f r e q u e n c y o f e l a s t i c s y st e m
% f r e q u e n c y o f t h e motion
5
6
7
. . . independent v a r i a b l e
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
f o r kk = 1: length ( K2 )
17
18
19
20
21
k2 = K2 ( kk );
theta = atan( k1 ) - atan( k2 );
IJ
= 2*( A - xy )* sqrt (1+ k2 2);
KJ
= 2* xy * sqrt (1+ k1 .2);
22
23
24
Wd
= IJ * KJ * s i n ( theta );
Wn (: , kk ) = Wd ./ (4* Fy * A ) ;
% area o f h y s t e r e s i s loop
% . . . n o r m a l i z e d w . r . t . f r i c t i o n a l damping
k_ = k2 + ( k1 - k2 )* xy ./ A ;
% e q u i v a l e n t dynamic s t i f f n e s
Omega_eq = w ./ sqrt ( k_ );
Rp = k_ .* A ;
% peak r e s t o r i n g f o r c e ,
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
end
Note that:
The equivalent viscous damping ratio eqv is proportional to the energy dissipated per
cycle WD .
The equivalent viscous damping ratio eqv is inversely proportional to k, x2max and
(/n ).
The equivalent viscous damping ratio eqv is maximized for ductility for xmax /xy between
2 and 3.
The largest equivalent viscous damping ratio eqv is around 0.25 for elastic-plastic systems (k2 = 0).
The natural frequency of the hysteretic system
k/m
decreases with ductility, xmax /xy .
CEE 541. Structural Dynamics Duke University Fall 2014 H.P. Gavin
Modified Johnston/Clough Degrading Hysteresis Model and the Flag Hysteresis Model.
http://www.eqsols.com/Pages/HystereticModels.aspx
CC BY-NC-ND H.P. Gavin
Bilinear Hysteresis
keq = kbar
0.25
k2/k1=0.0
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.05
k2/k1=0.5
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
1
2
3
4
5
ductility ratio, xmax/xy
0.8
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
Wd / (4 Fy xmax)
kbar / k1
2
3
4
5
ductility ratio, xmax/xy
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
1
2
3
4
5
ductility ratio, xmax/xy
2
3
4
5
ductility ratio, xmax/xy
Figure 3. Equivalent linear viscous damping ratios for nondegrading bilinear hysteresis models.
CC BY-NC-ND H.P. Gavin