Social Process

-Social processes are the ways in which individuals and groups interact, adjust and readjust and establish
relationships and pattern of behaviour which are again modified through social interactions.
-The concept of social process refers to some of the general and recurrent forms that social interaction
may take. The interaction or mutual activity is the essence of social life. Interaction between individuals
and groups occurs in the form of social process. Social processes refers to forms of social interaction that
occur again and again.
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Socialization
- The

general process of acquiring culture is referred to as socialization

socialization, we learn the language of the culture we are born into as well as the
roles we are to play in life
- Socialization is important in the process of personality formation
- While much of human personality is the result of our genes, the socialization process can
mold it in particular directions by encouraging specific beliefs and attitudes as well as
selectively providing experiences.
- During

Feral Children
- Children assumed to have been raised by animals, in the wilderness isolated from other humans
- In 1970, a wild child was found in California: a girl of 13 who had been isolated in a small room and had
not
been spoken to by her parents since infancy. Genie, as she was later dubbed to protect her privacy by
the
psycholinguists who tested her, could not stand erect
- At the time, she was unable to speak: she could only whimper.

Theories in socialization
Freuds theory (psychoanalysis):
Sigmund Freud, the Austrian psychiatrist and founder of psychoanalysis, was not directly concerned with
the problem of the individuals socialisation (he has not used the word socialisation anywhere in his
writings), he nevertheless contributed amply toward the clarification of the process of personality
development. Distinguished sociologist T. Parsons has also adopted Freuds account of personality
development to provide the psychological underpinnings of his theory of socialisation.

Cooleys theory of the looking-glass self:

How does a person arrive at a notion of the kind of person he is? According to Charles Horton Cooley
(1902), this concept of self develops through a gradual and complicated process which continues
throughout life. He pointed out that when we refer to the self, when we use the word T (the social self is
referred to by such words as I, me, mine and myself; the individual distinguishes his self from that of
others), we usually not referring to our physical body.

Theory of G.H. Mead (I and me):

American philosopher and social psychologist George Herbert Mead (1934) developed his ideas about
the same time that Cooley did in the early years of the twentieth century. He gave particular attention to
the emergence of a sense of self. He emphasised the two-part structure of this self and represented this

by the terms I and me. He described in detail the whole process of child development and explained
how children learn to use the concepts off and me.

Durkheims theory of collective representation:

Though Emile Durkheim has not directly talked anywhere in his writings about the development of the
sense of self or the process of socialisation of the individual, he has definitely described the role of the
society in the formation of personality (attitudes, beliefs and behaviour) of the individuals. In his theory of
collective representation, Durkheim insisted that the individual becomes socialised by adopting the
behaviour of his group.

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