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ENVS400
Dr Claire Cosgrove
CGE
AMAIU-B
claire.cosgrove@ymail.com
ccosgrove@amaiu.edu.bh
Course Text:
Environmental Science: A Study of
Interrelationships
Enger, Eldon, D and Smith, Bradley F.
2013, 13th Edition
McGraw-Hill Publisher
Scientific Laws
Scientific law is a unchanging
(constant) fact of nature that describes
what happens in nature.
Atomic Structure
Atomic Structure
Atomic Structure
Atomic Structure
Isotopes
Atoms of the same element
that differ from one another
in the number of neutrons
they contain are called
isotopes.
Hydrogen Isotopes
Ions
Atoms that loose electrons are
positively charged they have more
protons (+) than electrons (-)
Atoms that gain electrons are
negatively charged they have more
electrons (-) than protons (+)
Opposite of an acid
ACTIVITY
Chemical Reactions:
When atoms or ions combine to form compounds, they
are held together by chemical bonds.
Chemical Bonds are attractive forces between atoms
resulting from the interaction of their electrons.
When a chemical bond are broken or formed, a chemical
reaction occurs.
Each chemical bond has a certain amount of energy
which changes during a chemical reaction energy may
be given off as heat
If heat is absorbed, there must be an additional source of
energy
Assignment #1
Describe the structure of an atom
How do atoms and elements relate to
each other? Give 2 examples.
How do molecules and compounds
relate to each other? Give 2 examples.
What is an acid? What is a base?
What is the pH and what is it used for?
Describe exothermic reactions and give
an example.
What is an isotope?