Paul Jones

American Pageant Chapter 32

1. Franklin D Roosevelt
Franklin Delano Roosevelt was the 32nd President of the United States and a central figure in
world events during the mid-20th century, leading the United States during a time of worldwide
economic crisis and world war.
2. Eleanor Roosevelt
Anna Eleanor Roosevelt was the First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945. She
supported the New Deal policies of her husband, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and became an advocate
for civil rights.
3. Harry Hopkins
Harry Lloyd Hopkins was one of Franklin Delano Roosevelt's closest advisers. He was one
of the architects of the New Deal, especially the relief programs of the Works Progress
Administration (WPA), which he directed and built into the largest employer in the country.
4. Frances Perkins
Frances Perkins was the U.S. Secretary of Labor from 1933 to 1945, and the first
woman appointed to the U.S. Cabinet. As a loyal supporter of her friend, Franklin D. Roosevelt, she
helped pull the labor movement into the New Deal coalition.
5. Father Coughlin
Was one of the first political leaders to use radio to reach a mass audience, as more than
forty million tuned to his weekly broadcasts during the 1930s. Early in his career Coughlin was a
vocal supporter of Franklin D. Roosevelt and his early New Deal proposals, before later becoming a
harsh critic of Roosevelt. It was at this point Coughlin began to use his radio program to
issue antisemitic commentary, and later to rationalize some of the policies of Adolf
Hitler and Benito Mussolini.
6. Huey Long
Huey Pierce Long, Jr., nicknamed The Kingfish, served as the 40th Governor of
Louisiana from 1928 to 1932 and as a U.S. senator from 1932 to 1935. A Democrat, he was noted
for his radical populist policies. Though a backer ofFranklin D. Roosevelt in the 1932 presidential
election, Long split with Roosevelt in June 1933 and allegedly planned to mount his own
presidential bid.
7. Mary McLeod Bethune
Mary Jane McLeod Bethune was an American educator and civil rights leader best known for
starting a school for black students in Daytona Beach, Floridathat eventually became Bethune-
Cookman University and for being an advisor to PresidentFranklin D. Roosevelt.
8. Harold Ickes
Harold LeClair Ickes was a United States administratorand politician. He served as Secretary of the
Interior for 13 years, from 1933 to 1946, the longest tenure of anyone to hold the office. Ickes was
responsible for implementing much of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's "New Deal" and is the
father of Harold M. Ickes.
9. Boondoggling
A boondoggle is a project that wastes time and money. The term arose from a 1935 New
York Times article that claimed over $3 million had been spent on recreational activities for the
jobless as part of the New Deal.
10. New Deal
The New Deal was a series of economic programs passed by Congress during the first term
of Franklin D. Roosevelt, 32nd President of the United States, from 1933 to his reelection in 1937.
Few new programs were enacted after 1936, and many agencies were disbanded duringWorld War
II.
11. Brain Trust
Brain trust began as a term for a group of close advisors to a political candidate or
incumbent, prized for their expertise in particular fields. The term is most associated with the group
of advisors to Franklin Roosevelt during his presidential administration.
12. Hundred Days
"The First Hundred Days", the start of U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt's 1933
administration, resulting in the New Deal.
13. “Three Rs”
Franklin Delano Roosevelt proposed a plan to bring about the recovery of the United States
from the effects of the Great Depression:Relief, Recovery, and Reform
14. Glass-Steagall Act
The Banking Act of 1933 was a law that established the Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation (FDIC) in the United States and introduced banking reforms, some of which were
designed to control speculation. It is most commonly known as theGlass–Steagall Act, after its
legislative sponsors, Carter Glass and Henry B. Steagall.
15. Civilian Conservation Corps
The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was a public work relief program for unemployed
men, providing vocational training through the performance of useful work related
to conservation and development of natural resources in the United States from 1933 to 1942.
16. Works Progress Administration
The Works Progress Administration (renamed during 1939 as the Work Projects
Administration;WPA) was the largest New Deal agency, employing millions to carry out public
works projects, including the construction of public buildings and roads, and operated large arts,
drama, media, and literacyprojects. It fed children and redistributed food, clothing, and housing.
17. Public Works Administration
The Public Works Administration (PWA) was a New Deal agency in the United States headed
by Secretary of the Interior Harold L. Ickes. It was created by theNational Industrial Recovery
Act in June 1933 in response to the Great Depression. It concentrated on the construction of large-
scale public works such as dams and bridges, with the goal of providing employment,
stabilize purchasing power, and contribute to a revival of American industry.
18. Agricultural Adjustment Act
The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) (Pub.L. 73-10, enacted May 12, 1933) restricted
agricultural production in the New Deal era by paying farmers to reduce crop area. Its purpose was
to reduce crop surplus so as to effectively raise the value of crops, thereby giving farmers relative
stability again. The farmers were paid subsidies by the federal government for letting a portion of
their fields lay fallow.
19. Dust Bowl
The Dust Bowl or the Dirty Thirties was a period of severe dust storms causing major
ecological and agricultural damage to American and Canadian prairie lands from 1930 to 1936 (in
some areas until 1940). The phenomenon was caused by severe drought coupled with decades of
extensive farming without crop rotation, fallow fields, cover crops or other techniques to
prevent erosion.
20. Securities and Exchange Commission
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (frequently abbreviated SEC) is
anindependent agency which holds primary responsibility for enforcing the federal securities laws
and regulating the securities industry, the nation's stock and options exchanges, and other electronic
securities markets.
21. Tennessee Valley Authority
The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) is a federally owned corporation in the United
Statescreated by congressional charter in May 1933 to provide navigation, flood control, electricity
generation, fertilizer manufacturing, and economic development in the Tennessee Valley, a region
particularly impacted by the Great Depression.
22. Wagner Act
The National Labor Relations Act (or Wagner Act, after Robert F. Wagner) is a 1935 United
States federal law that limits the means with which employers may react to workers in the private
sector that create labor unions, engage in collective bargaining, and take part in strikes and other
forms of concerted activity in support of their demands.
23. National Labor Relations Board
The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) is an independent agency of the United States
government charged with conducting elections for labor union representation and with investigating
and remedying unfair labor practices.
24. Cout-packing plan
The Judiciary Reorganization Bill of 1937, frequently called the court-packing plan, was a
legislative initiative to add more justices to the Supreme Court proposed by U.S. President Franklin
Roosevelt shortly after his victory in the 1936 presidential election.