Radio Network Planning Tool For DVB-H / DVB-SH Broadcast: (C) by AWE Communications 1

Radio Network Planning Tool for
DVB-H / DVB-SH Broadcast
www.awe-communications.com
(c) by AWE Communications
Outline
Introduction to DVB-H
Concept of the DVB-H Radio Planning Tool
Radio Channel & Wave Propagation Modelling
DVB-H System Simulation (OFDM)
DVB-H Simulation Results
Extension towards DVB-SH (Satellite)
Digital Video Broadcasting - Handheld
Transmission in UHF band (474 858 MHz) good propagation conditions
Based on OFDM air interface
OFDM robust against multi-path fading by using long symbol duration together
with high number of sub-carriers for parallel transmission
High bandwidth of 7.61 MHz to compensate frequency selective fading
OFDM implements a guard interval to avoid inter-symbol interference
Single frequency network (SFN) operation
Time slicing to reduce receiver power consumption and also enabling a smooth
and seamless frequency handover
Forward error correction (MPE-FEC) for an improvement in C/N and
Doppler performance in mobile channels
In-depth symbol interleaver to further improve the robustness in mobile
environments and impulse noise conditions
OFDM Air Interface
Different transmission modes trading off mobility (robustness against Doppler)
and SFN size
Introduction of 4K mode for DVB-H as trade-off providing additional flexibility
for radio network planning
Mode
2K
4K
8K
FFT size
2048
4096
8192
Useful symbol duration [s]
224.0
448.0
896.0
Guard interval [s]
7/14/
28/56
14/28/
56/112
28/56/
112/224
Sub-carrier separation [Hz]
4464
2232
1116
Modulated sub-carriers
1705
3409
6817
Data sub-carriers
1512
3024
6048
OFDM bandwidth [MHz]
7.61
7.61
7.61
OFDM Air Interface
Deployment options for different transmission modes:
2K mode:
- suitable for single transmitter operation and for small SFNs with limited
transmitter distances
- provides a Doppler tolerance allowing extremely high speed reception
4K mode:
- can be used both for single transmitter operation and for small and
medium SFNs
- provides a Doppler tolerance allowing very high speed reception
8K mode:
- can be used both for single transmitter operation and for small, medium
and large SFNs
- provides a Doppler tolerance allowing high speed reception
Deployment Options for DVB-H
Two options to deliver Mobile TV:
Option 1: Broadcast network ...
- Usage of high towers
- Addition of repeaters
- Operating in UHF band
Option 2: Cellular network ...

- Launch of satellite (S-band)
+
+
- Re-use of cellular network

- Co-siting of repeaters
- Operating in S band
Concept of the DVB-H Planning Tool

Definition of
DVB-H system:
- Tx network
- OFDM parameter
- Rx (port./mobile)
Tx channel 1
Tx channel 2
.
.
.
Wave propagation
modelling of the
radio channels
DVB-H system
simulation
Channel
profiles
DVB-H
performance:
C/N-, SNIR-maps
Tx channel n

Overview
Principles
OFDM air interface (incl. guard interval)

Downlink operation (broadcast)
Superposition of signals from different Tx
Receiver (portable, mobile, outdoor/indoor)
Configuration
Terrestrial or hybrid (incl. satellite infrastructure)

Network configuration (location, power, antennas)
Mode (2K, 4K, 8K) SNIRmin[dB] & Fd3dB[Hz]
Guard Interval (e.g. 56 s)

Graphical User Interface
Wave Propagation
Radio Channel Properties
System performance depends in fundamental way on mobile radio channel
Multi-path propagation due to SFN concept as well as reflection and diffraction
Dispersion of the signal in the time domain delay spread
Consideration of guard interval requires prediction of path loss and delay
Deterministic models compute individual channel profile
Empirical models consider predefined profile (e.g. TU 6 channel)
weighted with individual path loss

In case of mobile terminals additional
time variance is superposed
Dispersion in frequency domain
Doppler spread
Degradation of C/N performance
10
Wave Propagation
Available Wave Propagation Models
Wide Area Scenarios
based on
Hata-Okumura incl. knife edge diffraction model
clutter data in pixel format

topography (pixel format)
Dominant path prediction model

Two ray model with breakpoint
LMS channel model for the satellite channel
Urban/Indoor Scenarios Dominant path prediction model

based on
urban (& indoor) vector
3D ray tracing model
data of buildings
pixel data of
topography
COST 231 Walfisch-Ikegami model

LMS channel model for the satellite channel
11
Wave Propagation Clutter Data

Clutter Database of Paris, France
12
Wave Propagation Topographical Data

Databases
Topographical Database of Stuttgart, Germany
13
Wave Propagation Vector Building Data

Building Database of New York, USA
3D vector oriented database

Buildings as vertical cylinders
with polygonal ground-planes
Uniform height above street-level
Limitation to vertical walls and flat roofs
Individual material properties of building surfaces
Topography can be considered optionally
14
Wave Propagation Antennas

Consideration of Antenna Patterns
Manufacturer provides 3D antenna pattern
Manufacturer provides antenna

gains in horizontal and vertical plane
Kathrein K 742212
Z
G
Bilinear interpolation of 3D antenna characteristic
G
1
G ,
12
1 2
1G 2 2G1
2
2
1 2
1 2
1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 2
1 2
1 2
2G 1
Theta
Ph
i
X
G
-Y
15
Wave Propagation Ray Optical Models

Deterministic Ray-Optical Wave Propagation Modelling
Based on 3-D building data in vector format
Ray tracing considers dominant characteristics
Reflection
Diffraction
Shadowing
Wave guiding
Max. number of three
interactions (refl./diffract.)
Rx
Tx
Reduced computation
time due to preprocessing
16
Wave Propagation Ray Optical Models

Ray-Optical Path Loss Prediction in Stuttgart, Germany
17
DVB-H System Simulation

Simulation Approach
Superposition of channel profiles from all transmitters
Consideration of link budget for each tap adaptation of power and delay
Tx power and antenna gain
processing and prop. delay
Rx properties
Satellite
Tx 1
1st Repeater
Tx 2
2nd Repeater
Tx 3
power [dBm]
Sort taps according to

increasing delay
Distinction between data
and signalling channels
Guard
Interval
Consideration of receiver
t in s
Start of Rake
Rx window
End of Rake
Rx window
Dedicated data channel

Signalling channels (common channels)
Other data channels
18

OFDM Receiver (Guard Interval)
OFDM implements a guard interval to avoid inter-symbol interference
Usually guard interval is chosen larger than the expected delay spread
Network architecture introduces inherent propagation delays
Sufficient size of guard interval required (according to network layout)
Weighting functions for separating multi-path

contributions in signal and interference power
C(t)
1
16-QAM constellation for a 48 sub-carrier OFDM link;
(a) delay < guard time;
(b) delay exceeds guard time by 3%;
(c) delay exceeds guard time by 10%
Tg
I(t)
Ts
19

OFDM Receiver (Guard Interval)
Consideration of receiver architecture
Different weighting functions for separating multi-path contributions
in signal and interference power
Weighting factor
Signal power
Interference power
DAB
0
TG
TS
time
1
DVB-T
0
TG
TS
time
TP
20

OFDM Receiver (Influence of Doppler)
Frequency shift due to Doppler leads to interference between OFDM sub-carriers
large sub-carrier separation (i.e. short symbol duration) required trade-off
Degradation of SNR depends on velocity of the mobile terminal (max. speed)
S-band
21

OFDM Receiver Performance
Doppler SNR degradation compensated to some extent by MPE-FEC (CR 3/4)
flat C/N behaviour in mobile channel up to max. shift
C/Nmin[dB] & Fd3dB [Hz]
Mod.
CR
2K
4K
Portable channel
QPSK
1/2
3.9dB
---
3.9dB
---
3.9dB
---
Mobile channel (typ. receiver)
QPSK
1/2
9.5dB
380Hz
9.5dB
190Hz
9.5dB
95Hz
Mobile channel (possible rec.)
QPSK
1/2
8.5dB
520Hz
8.5dB
260Hz
8.5dB
130Hz
8K
22
DVB-H System Simulation Examples

Simulation Parameters
OFDM parameters according to ETSI DVB-H Implementation Guidelines
4K mode selected due to trade-off between mobility and SFN size
Guard interval of 56 s (T/8) sufficient for cell radii < 8.4 km
Mode
2K
4K
8K
FFT size
2048
4096
8192
Useful symbol duration [s]
224.0
448.0
896.0
Guard interval [s]
7/14/
28/56
14/28/
56/112
28/56/
112/224
Sub-carrier separation [Hz]
4464
2232
1116
Modulated sub-carriers
1705
3409
6817
Data sub-carriers
1512
3024
6048
OFDM bandwidth [MHz]
7.61
7.61
7.61
23
DVB-H System Simulation Wide Area

Architecture: 6 high power omni sites and 3 low power gap-fillers
to cover urban and suburban areas
Simulation of SFN network (synchronised)
Simulations carried out for environment of Paris
Assessment of C/N and SNIR
To be compared with target values
Depending on receiver type (portable/mobile)
Transmitter segment
Receiver segment
Number of sites
Number of sectors/site
6+3
Antenna gain
-7 dBi
Noise figure
6 dB
High Tx power (EIRP) 6 sites
70 dBm
Fading margin (sigma 5.5 dB)

for 95% location probability
9 dB
Low Tx power (EIRP) 3 sites
56 dBm
SNIR target (portable)
4 dB
Tx frequency[MHz]
602.0
SNIR target (mobile)
9.5 dB
24
DVB-H Simulation Results Wide Area

Outdoor Coverage
QPSK modulation with code rate (MPE-FEC with code rate 3/4) 4.6 Mbit/s
Network incl. 6 sites with 70 dBm EIRP each and 3 gap-fillers (56 dBm EIRP)
25

Outdoor Coverage
CDF
Coverage
95%
100%
Portable Receiver SIR target = 4 dB
Mobile Receiver SIR target = 9.5 dB
26

SFN Gain
Diversity gain due to SFN approach (varying between 0 and 7.5 dB)
Compared to MFN deployment better coverage at cell borders
27

Guard Interval
Additional interference due to signal arrival after guard interval
Example in urban area for guard interval of 56 s and 28 s
Guard Interval of 56 s
28
DVB-H System Simulation Urban Area

Architecture: 3 omni sites to cover urban city center
Simulation of SFN network (synchronised)
Simulations carried out for urban environment of Milan
Transmitter segment
Receiver segment
Number of sites
Antenna gain
-7 dBi
Number of sectors/site
Noise figure
6 dB
4 dB
Tx power (EIRP)
Tx frequency[MHz]
53 dBm
602.0
9.5 dB
29
DVB-H Simulation Results Urban Area

Outdoor Coverage
Network incl. 3 omni sites with 53 dBm EIRP each
30

Outdoor Coverage
CDF
88%
Coverage
97%
31

SFN Gain
Diversity gain due to SFN approach (varying between 0 and 4.8 dB)
Compared to MFN deployment better coverage at cell borders
32

Guard Interval
Additional interference due to signal arrival after guard interval
Example in urban area for guard interval of 28 s and 7 s
33

Outdoor + Indoor Coverage
Network incl. 3 omni sites with 53 dBm EIRP each
34

Outdoor + Indoor Coverage
73%
CDF
Coverage
85%
35
Extension towards DVB-SH

DVB-SH System Overview (I)
High power
geo-stationary satellite
(S-band)
Terrestrial
repeater
(S-band)
3G handset
DVB-SH enabled
36

DVB-SH System Overview (II)
DVB-SH aims to provide multimedia services to the mobile user (e.g. MobileTV)
on a cost effective way
Hybrid satellite & terrestrial infrastructure operating in the IMT2000 band
1900
IMT2000
mobile
satellite band
(S-band) 3G
Air interface
High power
Geostationary
satellite
Satellite
distribution link
FSS (Ka)
Direct link
frequency
band
Terrestrial
Indirect link
Repeaters
(IMR)
1920
1980
2010
2025
2110
2170
2200 MHz
Satellite IMT2000 FDD European allocation

Terrestrial IMT2000 FDD European allocation
Terrestrial IMT2000 TDD European allocation
IMT2000 bands allocated to MSS
Hub based
on 3G equipment
2G/3G standard
Content
providers
Interactive link
3G handset
+ satellite
features
2G/3G Mobile Network

2G/3G Base
station
Content
Network
DVB-SH system architecture
MBMS Broadcast/Multicast
Service Centre
37

DVB-SH System Overview (III)
Satellite provides country-wide spot beams,
but signal blocked in urban street canyons and indoor
Terrestrial repeaters (IMR) as gap-fillers
for urban and indoor areas
15 MHz available 3 channels
5 MHz per satellite beam (frequency reuse)
10 MHz for terrestrial transmission
3G Mobile
Network
Satellite broadcast capacity of

9 TV channels @ 256 kbit/s
per 5 MHZ channel
Capacity improvement by
terrestrial network
up to 45 TV channels @ 256 kbit/s
38

Concept of the DVB-SH Planning Tool
Definition of
DVB-SH system:
Satellite
channel
- Satellite segment
- Repeater segment
- User terminal seg.
Terrestrial
repeater channel 1
Wave propagation
modelling of the
radio channels
DVB-SH system
simulation
Channel
profiles
Terrestrial repeater
channel n
DVB-SH
performance:
C/N-, SNIR-maps
39

Wave Propagation Models for Satellites
3D Ray-Optical Model (for urban areas based on 3D building data & topo data)
Empirical Land Mobile Satellite channel model (based on clutter & topo data)
Scenario for Measurement Validation: Monaco

40

Validation of Ray-Optical Model in Monaco
Scenario Information
3D view of database
Number of buildings
1511
Topo. difference
646 m
Resolution
10 m
Transmitter
17.0 m, 31.0 dBm, 2.2 GHz
Prediction height
1.5 m
41

Import of measurement data from DVB-SH trial network
Separate measurements for satellite emulator and hybrid network
incl. satellite emulator and terrestrial repeater
Measurements in the frame of the European project MAESTRO
42

Predictions for transmitter location 1
Prediction with COST 231

Walfisch-Ikegami
Prediction with 3D Ray

Tracing
Prediction with Urban

Dominant Path
43

Differences for measurement route 50
Difference between
prediction with COST
231 Walfisch-Ikegami
and measurements
Difference between
prediction with 3D Ray
Tracing and
measurements
Difference between
prediction with Urban
Dominant Path and
measurements
44

Statistical evaluations for all measurements routes
Statistical Results
Route
COST 231 WalfischIkegami
Mean
Value
[dB]
Std.
Dev.
[dB]
50
-18.71
5.74
52
-20.12
8.09
58
-25.28
9.04
Avg
-21.37
7.62
Comp.
Time
[s]
3D Ray Tracing
Mean
Value
[dB]
Std.
Dev.
[dB]
-2.94
4.36
0.08
4.97
-0.60
4.87
-1.15
4.73
Urban Dominant Path
Comp.
Time
[s]
141
141
Mean
Value
[dB]
Std.
Dev.
[dB]
-4.73
3.92
-1.94
6.17
-0.23
4.09
-2.30
4.73
Comp.
Time
[s]
37
37
A standard PC with an AMD Athlon64 2800+ processor and 1024 MB of RAM

was used to determine the computation times
45

Ray-Optical Model for Satellite
Prediction of satellite (geostationary) coverage in Milan based on building data
46

Empirical Wideband LMS Channel Model
Provides typical profiles of the Land Mobile Satellite channel in 2 GHz band
Based on the evaluation of measurement data
LMS model (satellite channel) described in different publications of DLR
Alternative to the deterministic ray-optical model (for wide/rural scenarios)
Channel profile depending on satellite elevation angle and environment
Urban
Suburban
Rural
Superposition of three sub-models leads to channel profile
Direct path
Near echoes
Far echoes
47

LOS probability of satellite link depending on defined clutter
assuming LOS prob. of 100% for open, 67% for forest, 33% for suburban
and 0% for urban
48

Clutter Database of Paris, France
49

Prediction of satellite coverage around Paris based on clutter & topo data
50

Architecture: Satellite beam plus terrestrial repeater hybrid network
Simulation of SFN network (satellite feeds terrestrial repeaters) in 2K mode
Simulations carried out for environment of Paris
Satellite segment
Orbital height [km]
Repeater segment
36000
User terminal segment
Number of sites
14
Antenna gain
0 dBi
Polarisation loss
3 dB
Noise figure
5 dB
4 dB
Longitude
10 East
No. of sectors/site
EIRP
95 dBm
Tx power (EIRP)
Interbeam C/I
12 dB
Tx height
Tx frequency[MHz]
2197.5
Tx frequency[MHz]
43 dBm
35 m
2197.5
9.5 dB
51

Outdoor Coverage for Hybrid Network
GEO satellite with 95 dBm EIRP plus homogeneous repeaters with 43 dBm EIRP
52

Outdoor Coverage for Hybrid Network
77%
CDF
Coverage
96%
53
Customers and Partners

Customers of DVB-H/DVB-SH Planning Tool
(alphabetical order)
54
Conclusions
DVB-H Radio Network Planning Tool (also applicable for DVB-SH)
Based on Accurate Wave Propagation Modelling with
Ray-Optical and Empirical Models (Considering Propagation Delay)
DVB-H System Simulation Considering OFDM Guard Interval
Simulation Results for DVB-H based System
DVB-H Network Deployment
55
Further Information
www.awe-com.com
56

Radio Network Planning Tool For DVB-H / DVB-SH Broadcast: (C) by AWE Communications 1

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Radio Network Planning Tool For DVB-H / DVB-SH Broadcast: (C) by AWE Communications 1

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Radio Network Planning Tool for

DVB-H / DVB-SH Broadcast

Concept of the DVB-H Radio Planning Tool

Radio Channel & Wave Propagation Modelling

DVB-H System Simulation (OFDM)

DVB-H Simulation Results

Extension towards DVB-SH (Satellite)

(c) by AWE Communications

Useful symbol duration [s]

Guard interval [s]

Sub-carrier separation [Hz]

OFDM bandwidth [MHz]

(c) by AWE Communications

Option 2: Cellular network ...

- Re-use of cellular network

Concept of the DVB-H Planning Tool

Concept of the DVB-H Planning Tool

OFDM air interface (incl. guard interval)

Terrestrial or hybrid (incl. satellite infrastructure)

(c) by AWE Communications

Concept of the DVB-H Planning Tool

(c) by AWE Communications

weighted with individual path loss

(c) by AWE Communications

Hata-Okumura incl. knife edge diffraction model

clutter data in pixel format

Dominant path prediction model

Urban/Indoor Scenarios Dominant path prediction model

COST 231 Walfisch-Ikegami model

(c) by AWE Communications

Wave Propagation Clutter Data

(c) by AWE Communications

Wave Propagation Topographical Data

(c) by AWE Communications

Wave Propagation Vector Building Data

3D vector oriented database

Wave Propagation Antennas

Manufacturer provides 3D antenna pattern

Manufacturer provides antenna

Bilinear interpolation of 3D antenna characteristic

(c) by AWE Communications

Wave Propagation Ray Optical Models

(c) by AWE Communications

Wave Propagation Ray Optical Models

(c) by AWE Communications

DVB-H System Simulation

Sort taps according to

Dedicated data channel

DVB-H System Simulation

Weighting functions for separating multi-path

(c) by AWE Communications

DVB-H System Simulation

DVB-H System Simulation

DVB-H System Simulation

C/Nmin[dB] & Fd3dB [Hz]

Mobile channel (typ. receiver)

Mobile channel (possible rec.)