Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Liquids (And Herbs and Spices)
Liquids (And Herbs and Spices)
Liquids can be converted to liters or milliliters with the following table. Small volumes (less
than about 1 fluid ounce or 2 tablespoons) of ingredients such as salt, herbs, spices, baking
powder, etc. should also be converted with this table. Do not use this table to convert other
non-liquid ingredients.
Volume Conversions: Normally used for liquids only
Customary quantity
Metric equivalent
1 teaspoon
5 mL
15 mL
30 mL
60 mL
1/3 cup
80 mL
120 mL
2/3 cup
160 mL
180 mL
240 mL
350 mL
475 mL
700 mL
950 mL
4 quarts or 1 gallon
3.8 L
Weight Conversions
Customary quantity
Metric equivalent
1 ounce
28 g
113 g
1/3 pound
150 g
230 g
2/3 pound
300 g
340 g
1 pound or 16 ounces
450 g
2 pounds
900 g
1
cup
3/4
cup
2/3
cup
1/2
cup
1/3
cup
1/4
cup
2
Tbsp
120
g
90 g
80 g
60 g
40 g
30 g
15 g
110
g
80 g
70 g
55 g
35 g
27 g
13 g
200
g
150 g
130 g
100 g
65 g
50 g
25 g
100
g
75 g
70 g
50 g
35 g
25 g
13 g
180
g
135 g
120 g
90 g
60 g
45 g
23 g
Corn meal
160
g
120 g
100 g
80 g
50 g
40 g
20 g
Corn starch
120
g
90 g
80 g
60 g
40 g
30 g
15 g
Rice, uncooked
190
g
140 g
125 g
95 g
65 g
48 g
24 g
Macaroni, uncooked
140
g
100 g
90 g
70 g
45 g
35 g
17 g
Couscous, uncooked
180
g
135 g
120 g
90 g
60 g
45 g
22 g
90 g
65 g
60 g
45 g
30 g
22 g
11 g
Table salt
300
g
230 g
200 g
150 g
100 g
75 g
40 g
Butter
240
g
180 g
160 g
120 g
80 g
60 g
30 g
Vegetable shortening
190
g
140 g
125 g
95 g
65 g
48 g
24 g
150
g
110 g
100 g
75 g
50 g
40 g
20 g
Nuts, chopped
150
g
110 g
100 g
75 g
50 g
40 g
20 g
Nuts, ground
120
g
90 g
80 g
60 g
40 g
30 g
15 g
60 g
45 g
40 g
30 g
20 g
15 g
8g
150
g
110 g
100 g
75 g
50 g
40 g
20 g
90 g
65 g
60 g
45 g
30 g
22 g
11 g
Length
Lengths may be converted with the following table. Keep in mind that 1 cm = 10 mm.
Length Conversions
Customary quantity
Metric equivalent
1/8 inch
3 mm
1/4 inch
6 mm
1/2 inch
13 mm
3/4 inch
19 mm
1 inch
2.5 cm
2 inches
5 cm
3 inches
7.6 cm
4 inches
10 cm
5 inches
13 cm
6 inches
15 cm
7 inches
18 cm
8 inches
20 cm
9 inches
23 cm
10 inches
25 cm
11 inches
28 cm
12 inches or 1 foot
30 cm
Temperature
The following converter (below) will convert back and forth between C and F. Just enter a
number in either field, then click outside the text box. Round off the results appropriately.
F
212
C
100
Finishing up
Now that you've converted all measurements to metric, you may want to consult the style
guide before sharing or publishing your recipe.
GLASSWARE
This list of glassware[1] includes drinking vessels (drinkware) and tableware used to set a
table for eating a meal, general glass items such as vases, and glasses used in the catering
industry, whether made of glass or plastics (such as polystyrene and polycarbonate). It does
not includelaboratory glassware.
Dizzy Cocktail glass, a glass with a wide, shallow bowl, comparable to a normal
Cocktail glass but without the stem
Old Fashioned glass, traditionally, for a simple cocktail or liquor "on the rocks".
[6]
Contemporary American "rocks" glasses may be much larger, and used for a variety of
beverages over ice
Shot glass, a small glass for up to four ounces of liquor. The modern shot glass has a
thicker base and sides than the older whiskey glass
Water glass
Beer glassware[edit]
Tankard
Yard glass, a very tall, conical beer glass, with a round ball base, usually hung on a
wall when empty
Middy 285mL (10 fl. oz.) Australian beer glass (New South Wales)
Glass 200mL (7 fl. oz.) Australian beer glass (Queensland & Victoria)
Pot 285mL (10 fl. oz.) Australian beer glass (Queensland & Victoria).
Schooner 425mL (15 fl. oz.) Australian beer glass, 285 mL (10 fl. oz.) in South
Australia
Stemware[edit]
A stem glass
Main article: Stemware
Absinthe glass
Chalice (goblet), an ornate stem glass, especially one for ceremonial purposes
Champagne coupe, a stem glass with a wide, shallow bowl, for champagne (similar to
a cocktail glass)
Champagne flute, a stem glass with a tall, narrow bowl, for champagne
Cocktail glass, a stem glass with a wide, shallow bowl, for cocktails
Fountain glass, a tall fluted stem glass common in soda fountains, family
restaurants and 24-hour diner-style restaurants for milkshakes and ice cream sodas
Glencairn whisky glass, a wide bowl with a narrow mouth, similar to a snifter's, but
with a shorter, sturdier base, designed for whisky [7]
Sherry glass
Snifter, a liquor glass with a short stem and a wide bowl that narrows at the top, for
brandy and liquor
Other[edit]
Punch bowl, a bowl that punch is put in, generally used in parties
COLLINS GLASS
TABLE GLASS
PINT GLASS
HIGHBALL GLASS
BEER STEIN
PONY GLASS
TANKARD
SHOT GLASS
PILSNER GLASS
ABSINTHE GLASS
COCKTAIL GLASS
MARGARITA GLASS
CHALICE
CHAMPAGNE COUPE
SHERRY GLASS
CHAMPAGNE FLUTE
HURRICANE GLASS
SNIFTER
WINE GLASS
CAM-HRS-M31
LINEN WARE
Linen /lnn/ is a textile made from the fibers of the flax plant, Linum usitatissimum. Linen is
laborious to manufacture, but the fiber is very absorbent and garments made of linen are
valued for their exceptional coolness and freshness in hot weather.
Many products are made of linen: aprons, bags, towels (swimming, bath, beach, body and
wash towels), napkins, bed linens, tablecloths, runners, chair covers, and men's and
women's wear.
The word linen is of West Germanic origin and cognate to the Latin name for the flax
plant, linum, and the earlier Greek (linn). This word history has given rise to a number
of other terms in English, most notably line, from the use of a linen (flax) thread to
determine a straight line.
Textiles in a linen weave texture, even when made of cotton, hemp and other non-flax fibers,
are also loosely referred to as "linen". Such fabrics generally also have their own specific
names, for example fine cotton yarn in a linen-style weave is called Madapolam.
The collective term "linens" is still often used generically to describe a class
of woven or knitted bed, bath, table and kitchen textiles traditionally made of linen. In the
past, "linens" also referred to lightweight undergarments such as shirts, chemises,
waistshirts,lingerie (a word also cognate with linen), and detachable shirt collars and cuffs,
all of which were historically made almost exclusively out of linen. The inner layer of fine
composite cloth garments (as for example jackets) was traditionally made of linen, hence
the wordlining.[1]
Linen textiles appear to be some of the oldest in the world: their history goes back many
thousands of years. Fragments of straw, seeds, fibers, yarns, and various types of fabrics
dating to about 8000 BC have been found in Swiss lake dwellings. Dyed flax fibers found in a
prehistoric cave in Georgia suggest the use of woven linen fabrics from wild flax may date
back even earlier to 36,000BP.[2][3]
Linen was sometimes used as currency in ancient Egypt. Egyptian mummies were wrapped
in linen as a symbol of light and purity, and as a display of wealth. Some of these fabrics,
woven from hand-spun yarns, were very fine for their day, but are coarse compared to
modern linen.[4] Today, linen is usually an expensive textile produced in relatively small
quantities. It has a long "staple" (individual fiber length) relative to cotton and other natural
fibers.
HOLLOW WARE
Holloware (hollowware, or hollow-ware
[1]
bowls, creamers, coffee pots, teapots, soup tureens, hot food covers, water jugs, platters,
butter pat plates, and other metal items that went with the dishware on a table. It does not
include flatware. Holloware was constructed to last a long time. It differs from some other
silverplated items in being made with thicker walls and more layers of silverplate.
Dining car holloware is a type of railroad collectible (railroadiana). The relative value of
pieces depends on their scarcity, age and condition, and the popularity of the trains the
items were used on.
Holloware is the traditional gift in the UK[2] and the modern gift in the US[3] for the
16th wedding anniversary. Holloware is the traditional gift for jubilee or wedding in Russia.
CHINA WARE
Porcelain is a ceramic material made by heating materials, generally including kaolin, in
a kiln to temperatures between 1,200 and 1,400 C (2,200 and 2,600 F). The toughness,
strength and translucence of porcelain, relative to other types of pottery, arises mainly
from vitrification and the formation of the mineral mullite within the body at these high
temperatures.
Porcelain derives its present name from the old Italian porcellana (cowrie shell) because of
its resemblance to the translucent surface of the shell.[1] Porcelain can informally be referred
to as china or fine china in some English-speaking countries, as China was the birthplace
of porcelain making.[2] Properties associated with porcelain include
low permeability and elasticity;
considerable strength,hardness, toughness, whiteness, translucency and resonance; and a
high resistance to chemical attack and thermal shock.
Porcelain has been described as being "completely vitrified, hard, impermeable (even before
glazing), white or artificially coloured, translucent (except when of considerable thickness),
and resonant." However, the term porcelain lacks a universal definition and has "been
applied in a very unsystematic fashion to substances of diverse kinds which have only
certain surface-qualities in common"
TABLE WARE
Tableware is the dishes or dishware used for setting a table, serving food and dining. It
includes cutlery, glassware, serving dishes and other useful items for practical as well as
decorative purposes.[1][2] The quality, nature, variety and number of objects varies according
to culture, religion, number of diners, cuisine and occasion. For example, Middle Eastern,
Indian or Polynesian food culture and cuisine sometimes limits tableware to serving dishes,
using bread or leaves as individual plates. Special occasions are usually reflected in higher
quality tableware.[3]
"Dinnerware" is another term used to refer to tableware and "crockery" refers to ceramic
dishes in everyday use as differentiated them from the fine porcelain and bone
china produced by makers such as Svres in France, Meissen in Germany, Royal
Copenhagen in Denmark, Royal Doulton in England, or Belleek Pottery in Ireland.[4] Sets of
dishes are referred to as a table service, dinner service or service set. Table settings or place
settings are the dishes, cutlery and glassware used for formal and informal dining. In Ireland
such items are normally referred to as delph, the word being an English language phonetic
spelling of the word delft, the town from which so much delftware came. Silver service or
butler service are methods for a butler or waiter to serve a meal.
Setting the table refers to arranging the tableware, including individual place settings for
each diner at the table as well as decorating the table itself in a manner suitable for the
occasion. Tableware and table decoration is typically more elaborate for special occasions.
Unusual dining locations demand tableware be adapted.