NEUROANATOMY OF THE

CEREBELLUM

19 September 2014

VENTRAL SURFACE WITH BRAINSTEM

AND CRANIAL NERVES

DORSAL SURFACE WITH TECTUM AND PULVINAR

1: primary fissure
2: horizontal fissure

T: TONSIL; F: FLOCCULUS; PCM: MIDDLE CERBELLAR PEDUNCLE;

PCI: INFERIOR CEREBELLAR PEDUNCLE; CRUS: CEREBRAL PEDUNCLE;
FIP: INTERPEDUNCULAR FOSSA

Vermis lobules (arrow: fissura prima)

Declive
(simple)
Folium &
Tuber

Culmen

Pyramis

L. centralis

Uvula
Lingula

Nodulus

Cerebellar cortex areas.

Spinocerebellum: mainly the
anterior lobe (paleocerebellum)
Afferents: spinocerebellar and
trigemonocerebellar tracts.
Pontocerebellum: mainly the
posterior lobe (neocerebellum)
Afferents: pontocerebellar
tract.
Vestibulocerbellum: the
flocculonodular lobe
(archicerebellum)
Afferents: vestibulocerebellar
tracts.
Deep cerebellar nuclei belong
to these cortical areas.

The spinocerebellar and

trigeminocerebellar afferents
project in somatotopic order: in
spinocerebellum and vermal
pyramis and lobulus biventer
in the posterior lobe.

The folium of
the cerebellar
cortex: cell types
A: purkinje cell
B: basket cell
E: superficial stellate cell
G: granule cell
F: golgi cell
J: bergmann glia cell
M: astrocyte
N: climbing fiber
H: mossy fiber
i: paralel fibers

Drawing from Ram

Ramn y Cajal

10

PURKINJE-CELL (GABAergic)

GOLGI-CELL (GABAergic)

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Cortex cerebelli in numbers

(1 mm3 of tissue)

500 Purkinje-cells
600 basket cells
50 Golgi-cells
3 000 000 granule cells
600 000 cerebellar glomeruli
Area of the cerebellar cortex cca. 2000
cm2
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PERICELLULAR BASKET-LIKE SYNAPSES OF THE BASKET CELLS

AROUND THE PURKINJE-CELL BODIES. LAYERS OF THE CORTEX
ARE INDICATED: m: molecular-; p: purkinje-; g: granule cell layers

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GRANULE

GOLGI

GOLGI

GRANULE

MOSSY
CEREBELLAR GLOMERULUS

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SAGITTALIS

One mossy fiber stimulates 800 granule cells.

One climbing fiber stimulates 1 Purkinje.
PURKINJE-CELLS

BASKET CELLS

F
O
L
I
U
M

ST
PARALEL-FIBERS

OLIVOCEREBELLAR
MODULES
[CLIMBING FIBER]

CLIMBING

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MOSSY FIBER

SAGITTALIS

PURKINJE-CELL

Olivocerebellar module: one olivary neuron stimulates 10

Purkinje-cells.
In this module there is no role for basket-inhibition.

BASKET CELL

F
O
L
I
U
M

ST
PARALEL-FIBERS

MOSSY FIBER
MODULE

OLIVOCEREBELLAR
MODULES
[CLIMBING FIBER]

Mossy-fiber-module: group of Purkinje-cells which are stimulated by a mossy fiber

(this module is sculptured by the basket cell which is also activated by the mossy
stimuli through the parallel fibers).
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Cerebellar functions I.
Regulation of muscle movements, muscle tone
and posture.
Conversion of vestibular stimuli into movements
and muscle tone adaptation.
Comparison of the peripheral somatosensory
stimuli to the neocortically processed sensory
stimuli (somatosensory, visual and auditory), and
adjusting the movement and movement planning
to the actual peripheral stimulus conditions.
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Cerebellar functions II.

Neocerebellum: planning, initiating and
timing of movement.
Vestibulocerebellum: control of equilibrium
of the body and vestibulo-ocular reflexes
(eye movements).
Spinocerebellum: control of movements
and muscle tone of the trunk and limb
musculature.
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FUNCTIONAL MRI: RIGHT HAND FINGERS ARE MOVING.

STRONG CO-ACTIVATION OF THE PRECENTRAL GYRUS
AND THE ANTERIOR LOBE OF THE CEREBELLUM.
(from: Grays Anatomy, 2008)

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Cerebellar symptoms

Ataxia: lack of coordination of movement

Intention tremor
Weakness of muscles (hypotonia)
Gait disturbances (walk and stand
unsteadily)
Equilibrium disturbances (vertigodizziness)
Pathological eye movements
Speech disturbances (stuttering)
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Blood supply of the cerebellum

Arteries from the vertebrobasilar system:

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)
Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
Superior cerebellar artery (SCA)
Veins are drained by the great cerebral vein
(Galen), straight sinus and transverse sinus

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Kpek forrsa
Standring S (Ed): Grays Anatomy.
Churchill-Livingstone, 2008.
Rthelyi M, Szentgothai J: Funkcionlis
anatmia. Medicina, 2013.
Haines: Neuroanatomy. Williams and
Wilkins, 1995.
Szegedi Anatmiai Intzet Mzeuma s
tudomnyos bra gyjtemnye.
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