Veterinary College, Bengaluru

Monthly e-Bulletin

Newsletter Date : 30 September 2015

Volume No: 4 Issue : 9

q. f. J. Pig, q. PAv zq, v q. ge Ezg

v Azs sU
zQAi zAi,
szAiP UjPAi CrAi AssUAz ZvVg CAUAzg, gU
DAi v CU Azs, Gv Dg, eP u zw U DgU gPu.
Gzz v vqVP zsj gvg z e JAzg Gv gU Pz.
zz gvg gU AvU, ev Cx Evg g PuzgjAz Pz rP.
gvg g P ZV zswU CAgvg. iglP Eg Gv gU
CU zgAi , iPg jZAi U zs j gvg zs wU
CAPVgz CAi.Dzg Gv g DAiAi zsg v iqz .
g igl iq iglUgg g PjU jAiiz iw q. Ai,
Pg AS, g DgU, Gvz U Cg q CAQ ASU g dz zRU
vVg. Gv g DAiU g U wP v DAiU AAzslAv zs
eP iwU At CjgP. UjP GzUz s RV g DAiAi
CAvVgvz.
gU P AZ F PPAq AiU U U jP.

v DAi: gvg gU Rj v PAi gU vAi zsjP

U vAi U t iwAi wgP. vAi DAi PPAq AiU
CAvVz.

gvjU eP g PtPAi wP U Cs Cw R. UjPAi wP U

Cs gvg Z z AU EgAv v g Pz. Dzg
UjPAi zV gAwgg . 50 - 62.5 z AU vU
Pz Gv. Pt v Csz v gU z vAi l A
UU az MAiz.

gAvg g U P Dgz sz, ZV Pn zzg Cx U

P Dg qzzg Z.Js vAi Pz. Dzg gAvg g

Pashubandha 2015

Volume No : 4 Issue : 09

 U P Dg Pr Ez UqUq zz zwAi Pzzg d

vAi Pz Gv.

vAi DAi D zz rP U igPm sz Ai CAz.

zgz U a rP Ez Ai P v WUU Z v qz
z gz zsjAv igPm G zU Z.Js. v Gv DAi.
GvUU a rP EgAv zU, AU Z P U W UgAv
q d v Cx J vU Pz Gv.

g DAiAi iwAi :
g PU g vPV PtUAv AiUAU Czg A
iw U g AAU iwAi jUt DAi irz Gv g DAi
iqz. U AvAi Rj iqU CU v Ut PtU U Gvz
PvAi izAqV DAi iqP. vz sU U Ew v A
zRU jzjAz Czg GvzPv Pv U wzPz.
g DAi iqU g AiQP iwAiAU g AAUz
v,

vAzAi

v,

zjAig

Gvz

AvvwAi

gU

DAi

iqPUvz. g v Gvz ixzAU Gv UjP CAAi UtU

AgP, KPAzg A UAi PgU Gvz x vAi CAAi UtU
CAgvz.
g AAU UPz AvvwU AAz CAUAzg

PgU dz CAvg 12-14 wAU CAizVz a PgU qAi zsUzjAz

Gz szAiPVgvz.

z PgU d q Ai vAi CAgvz. v gU ig 2 jAz 2 1/2

UVgP. Cw Aiz Cx Ai z PgU d rz gU Gv
q.

iV v gU AvvwAi PvP UszsguAi P iqUz. CAv

Aiz g PvP UszsguAiU Us Plz Cw R. Us gQAv Z
PvP UszsguU Pz UjPU AiU.

g AAU UPz Gvz AAz CAUAzg

Ej: EjAi vAi CAgvz. v Z Js

U 3000-4500 , d vU 2000-3500 , J vUz g vAi 1500-2000
U w vAi 1200-1800 U zzAi sV qAizVz.

C : Pg Qz P U iv qAv Cx gAvg q
U MAiz. MAi gU Pg Qz Avg it ZV ig
15-20 U Uj l vvz. Gv gU F Uj l ig 30-60
UgU PAiPAq Avg Pt itz PrAiiUv gvz. g 10 wAUgU
Gv itz qzVz.

Pashubandha 2015
2014

Volume
VolumeNo
No::43 Issue
Issue::09
01

Pqg P v W U: P zz zg g . P
v WU zsjUzjAz DAi iq v Czg AAU D vU
zsjVgAv P lz P U W UVAv Aiiz PgtP Pr
Eggz.

AiQP iw:
1. Ai : gU g v 4 CwZ qvz. DzjAz zV
UjPAi vqVPag 2 Cx 3 gAv, 2-4 v U
Pz Gv.
2. Us: vA Usz Cx Pg Qz 10 UV Rjz Cw Gv.
Rjz vA UszVz P U EAiAwzg CAv Rjz
zAi Ej Pg Qz Avg Vz .
3. DgUz PtU: v P zU DgUAgP. DgUAv U PtU
PAwAivVz ZgP l AgP. nAi jgP. QU VAiiVz,
Aiigzg wg zPq QU Cgv wgVP. U P P tU
UAU jz, Dg wwg Aiz iV P PwgP. Z tV
AiwgP. gU Eggz.
4. g Pl: Cw z Cx wg t Uvz U UjPU AiU, v P
zs UvzVgP. gUV NqqP.
C. mAi Jgq sUU DVgP. mAi CrsU V Pq DPgz (wedge
shaped) EgP. AAz v PAz rzU jg uAiAv, AU AzU
CUUv UP.PwU VgP.

gAiP

zsgt

Gv

D. CUz Al Gv g Pt. Al CUVzg g

Aiz vAzgU FqV zsvU Z.

gAiP

Pashubandha 2015
2014

zsgt

Gv

Volume
VolumeNo
No::43Issue
Issue: :09
01

E. g GzP zg Czg PU VqVgP. AAz rzU Jgq

PU gV PtP.U PU q PZ gUVg P PgP.
gUU w rU gz Aiiz CPv Egvz. g Ug, Cz
qAiwg Aii U DgU avz. Ug tzVz g sg
V vqAiAwgP.

gAiP

gAiP

Gv

zsgt

Gv

5. Pq x: PU MAz j Pgz Pq
x Uz. P g jAiizg(U, Ae, U) wAiiV Pgz,
EjAi U zrPjPP. PgAi Aiz Ut s, PZ v
vlUgzz

vAzgUz

vl,

PZ

Uq,

EvU

Egz

zrPjPP.
gU DAiiqU, PZ UtUU Pq 40 RvAi qv. a ,
PZ gzsP Q U W GvzU C iqAv PZ UtU Cw
RVz, C F PPAqAw :C. PZ D: PZ D zsVz, tPVAv Egz P.

gAiP

Pashubandha 2015
2014

zsgt

Gv

Volume
VolumeNo
No::43 Issue
Issue::09
01

D. vn : vlU AvgV U ZPn izjAigP. AsU v

PAz rzU vlU Avgz PtP.

gAiP

zsgt

Gv

E. PZ AsU: PZ CU v JvgzgP. PZ sU zqVz Az

PVgU i CUV U PsU UPgVgP.

gAiP

zsgt

Gv

F. PZ q Az: PZ q PlAzs zqVz, PZ v Jq sUU q

Az PtAwgP U Jgq sUU iVgP.

gAiP

zsgt

Gv

Dr. Maruthi S. T., Dr. Ranjith D., Dr. Kotresh Prasad., Dr. Sagar R. S. and Naveen Kumar T. J.
College Of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala-673 576
(Email: ranjith946@gmail.com)
Biomaterials are substances or combination of substances (other than drugs) either synthetic or
natural, intended to evaluate, treat, augment or replace any tissue, organ or functions of the body. Although
they have to satisfy many conditions useful for treatment, more and more research has been carried out to
replace various tissues in the body viz., tendons and bones.
Historical background: History of biomaterials evolves from hundred years ago, where Romans and
Chinese used gold in dentistry. Their use started from ancient civilization, where artificial eyes, ears,
A fusiform incision is created

Pashubandha 2015
2014

Volume
VolumeNo
No::43 Issue
Issue::09
01

and nose were used as found on Egyptian mummies. During late 18-19th century, different metal devices
as biomaterials were used to fix fractures (wires, pins made up of Ag, Au, Pt and Fe).

Polymethylmethacrylate was used as a first bio material in dentistry

during 1937.

P.Wiles (1938) carried out first total hip replacement by using

biomaterials.

M.J. Dorzee, A. Franceschetti (1940) used acrylics for corneal

replacement.

Poly ethylene and stainless steel substances were used for hip
implants (1960).

Recent advances includes the use of bio materials like gold Nano cells for photo thermal anti-tumor
treatment and bone tissue engineering technique used for bone grafting.

Biomaterials for the reconstruction

of corneal reconstruction in dogs

PROPERTIES OF BIOMATERIAL:
A biomaterial used for implant should possess properties for long term usage without rejection. The
design and choice of bio materials depends on the following factors

Response of host organism to the implanted biomaterial or device.

An ideal biomaterial should be biocompatible with the ambient tissues and cause no hyper sensitivity or
allergic response.

It should possess anti-microbial, ant- inflammatory, wound healing and analgesic activities.

Ease for application and it should be economical.

It should be non-toxic, non-pyrogenic, non-carcinogenic and blood compactable.

It should have mechanical properties like tensile strength, yield strength, elasticity, hardness, cosmetic
appearance, tear and wear resistance, corrosion and fatigue resistance.

The material must satisfy its design requirements in its bio-functionality.

Biomaterial should govern the structure and function of normal and abnormal cells, tissues or organs.

They should be moldable, machinable and extrudable.

TYPES OF BIO MATERIAL:

During ancient days wide variety of natural biomaterials like rubber, glue, wood, tissues from
living forms and manufactured materials viz., iron, zinc, glass and gold were used. A range of host
response were seen by use of biomaterials like some were tolerated and some were rejected and it has been
acknowledged that there is complete difference between vital and avital material. The following are the
types of biomaterials.
1) Metallic biomaterial: Most commonly used metals for manufacturing implants are iron (Fe),
chromium(Cr), cobalt (Co), Titanium(Ti), Molybdenum (Mb), Niobium (Nb), Tantulum (Ta) and
Tungsten (W). The biocompatibility of the metallic implants is of great concern because they can corrode in an in-vivo environment.
2) Ceramic biomaterial: Alumina, Silicon nitrites, Zirconia and carbons are employed as inert

Pashubandha 2015
2014

Volume No : 4
3 Issue : 09
01

bioceramics. Semi inert bioceramics includes glasses, dense

hydroxyapatites, calcium aluminates and calcium sulphates which are
re-absorbable.
3) Polymeric biomaterial: Mainly includes polyamide, polyethylene,
polystyrene, Polyethylenterpthalate, polypropylene, Polymetacrylate,
polytetrafluoroethylene, and polyvinylchloride.

POLYMETHYLMETH ACRYLATE

4) Composite biomaterials: Fibre glass, alloys, foam, bone, wood,

dentin, cartilage and skin are the commonly used composite biomaterials.
USES OF BIOMATERIALS:

Tissue regeneration and transplantation

Orthopedic implants

Treatment of tendon and joint defects

Bone plating and bone cementing

Dental implants

Blood vessel prostheses

Wound management

Repair of hernias

Contact lenses

Cosmetic surgeries

Corrective functional abnormalities

Joint replacement and implants

Aids in diagnose and treatment

A Dogs leg repaired using the tightrope CCL

procedure

ADVANTAGES:

They are strong, chemically inert and resistant to fatigue

degradation.

They have shape memory and can be sterilized easily before

use

Easy to manufacture and modify

Biodegradable

They have high compressive strength and tensile strength

They have low density and resistant to corrosion.

Biocompatablity, strong and durable, cost effective and easy to use.

Injury repair using polyester with collagen

mesh

DISADVANTAGES
They may cause tissue reaction

Decreases bone growth

The intensive interaction with the body can lead to wear and tear

Pashubandha 2015
2014

Volume No : 4
3 Issue : 09
01

They can induce formation of metal ions in the body.

High cost involved in the manufacture and difficulty in availability.

Use of biomaterials in Veterinary practices:

Various researchers across the world use polypropylene mesh for reconstruction of abdominal wall
defects like hernia, eventrations and eviscerations in large animals like cattle and horses. Animal derived
surgical mesh are made of intestine and skin, which provides support while repairing weakened or
damaged tissues, majority of the tissues used are derived from pig (porcine) or cow (bovine). Surgical
mesh can be used for urogynaecologic procedures including pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and stress
urinary incontinence (SUI). There are three main surgical procedures performed to treat pelvic floor
disorders with surgical mesh like transvaginal and transabdominal mesh to treat POP, mesh sling to treat
SUI.
Now a days bone grafts and their substitutes are gaining more importance in veterinary practices.
Demineralized bone matrix werecommonly used for bone grafting because of their osteoinductive
properties.The clinical use of bone marrow aspiratewere successfully evaluated for the treatment of
nonunion of tibia in sheep. Currently Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) developed from recombinant
gene technology were gaining more importance as a potential for bone induction in human and veterinary
medicine.Osteoconductive biomaterials likecalcium phosphate substitutes were used as allografts in
animals. Further, hydroxyapatite ceramics are widely used as bone substitutes because of their
osteo-conductivity and bio-compatibility.
Current status and future perspectives:
Biomaterial formulations are the major components used to deliver the bioactive molecules in to the
body. Various techniques like freeze-drying, polymerization, spray drying, gas foaming, supercritical fluid
technology etc. are commonly used for fabrication of scaffold preparations. These formulations are widely
used against diseases such as tuberculosis, bone deformities, cartilage damage, skin disease, cardiovascular
ailments, and periodontal diseases and wound dressing.
The study of biomaterial based formulations are exciting with newer approaches for drug/cell/gene
delivery being discovered increasingly. At present, extensive research is being carried out worldwide on
all aspects of tissue engineering and drug/gene delivery. In the future, main focus will be on development
of more patient compliant, sustained and controlled delivery systems against various diseases by
modification of manufacturing technologies.

q:J..zsg, q: Ai nPg, q: Av Pig .J, q: gPig .

zQAi Ozs v sU, zQAi zAi, , AUg-560024.

(Email:-sridhar_vet@rediffmail.com)
aQvAi Uvzg CU

eP

GAiUz

UjPVz. gvg v egU P PU Cg U sV Uzz

U aQv irPzVz. F Pjv iw qz F Rz Gz.

Pashubandha 2015
2014

Volume No : 4
3 Issue : 09
01

aP Vq, Cj, An, Cd, gz Vq, DqU, ZP, AiAU, Qg,

g, e, AimjAiA, j e, Q, , Ev sV v gV U
U aQvAi z Mv. KPAzg aQvAi a itz Av C
v EU P dAiz F U U zsvAi Ez. Cz U
OzsV U U P svz JZjPU Cjz Gav. Aiiz
Uv itz zg Mv. Ez Cz PjAiiV jt zsv Ez. E egU
zs gUU gvg aQvUV zz P U U ZaVz
Cjt (Curcuma longa)
Ez egU zs PU z. Ezgg PP JA CA Ozsz UtP
R PgtVz. RV Ez egU AdPgPV z. DP Pg QzU v
z Cjtz 3-4 UqU df z t ir PAiAv 6-8 DPU wz
UsPAz g Q it v zv PrAiiV DP sV Us zsjvz.
Cjt uAi tir UnAiiz U PAiAv 5-6 z iV Q
sV gU vUAiz. vA Eg HvP Ez Ju Cx uAi t ir
az Ez gPV P iqz. z JU Pt JA
z PAi Ez z. DgAsz Avz Cjt A gz vAi
Ai qz az 70 g ZvjPAi Ptz. Cjt egU ZgU
Utr z. UAi AiiU Ez z. Cjt gtP z.
PjU g PAmfAi JPi JA wAi PfAiAv PU Ez zU
Gv wQAi PAq Az.
An (Zingiber officinale)
Ez egU zs gUU aQvAi AidPj. Ezg R GAiUAzg
egU mAig Pr iqz. Pz PUz Aii, P An
Cvv O. Pz PUz fuAU P AsAz PUz Cft9, zv
Ev PU Mt AnAi r ir Ez z AUz g ejU 5-6 wz
Gv ju PAq gvz. PzgU Cw iz m Ez juPj O
AiiV z.
g ( Aloe vera)
Ezg JAi RgVg jwAi egU zs
gUz juPjAiVz. GjAivz Ez CvAv juPj. Czg
PZ aQvAi Ez vA juPj O. gz g
Az Prz PZ U P g a z PZ
juPjAiiV PrAiiUz. Dzg fgzsPz PAi evU Ez
gPV z. Cx AzjwAii PZ Utr
Ez z.
Qg (Phyllanthus amarus)
aPzV ZPzV Eg F Vq vdPAUz Aiiz PU
irz O . egU Gu U Az g zs PUAz
vdPAU zU w MAz UAi F 6-8 U
rz Cvv ju PAq Az. Ez J egU
QzsPVAi z. U iV PAq g
mn PU Ez juPj. ig 10-20 UA Uq ZV
Cgz g UU 5-6 Prz Ez juPjAiiV P
iqz.

Pashubandha 2015
2014

Volume No : 4
3 Issue : 09
01

aP Vq (Mimosa pudica)
aP Vq jwAi AidPjAiiVz. RV Ez DPU gP gwzg
100-200 UA rzg Cw juPj. Cz UsPz vAzgzU Ez
z. eg Pg Qz Avg UsP qa gU Az ig 200 UA aP
g zg UsP z wU P Pz s.

Dr. Rashmi, R., Dr. Jagadeesh. S. Sanganal and Dr. N.B. Shridhar
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, Veterinary College, Bengaluru-24
(email: rashmirvet7@gmail.com)
Beta lactam antibiotics constitute one of the most important and frequently used groups of
antimicrobial agents.
It comprises of Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Carbapenems and Monobactams.

Penicillins: they are classified based on their spectrum of antibacterial activity and lactamase
(Penicillinase) sensitivity

Cephalosporins
Cephalosporins are classified in terms of their chronological sequence of development and also on the
basis of their antimicrobial properties.

Pashubandha 2015
2014

Volume No : 4
3 Issue : 09
01

Drug Interactions

Potentiation
Concomitant use of aminoglycosides and loop diuretics (Ex: Furosemide) potentiate the nephrotoxic
effect of cephalosporins.

Synergism
Penicillins, cephalosporins and imipenem with aminoglycosides produce synergistic or additive effects.
Extended spectrum penicillins and aminoglycosides produce synergistic effect against Pseudomonas
sp. Cefepime with aztreonam produces synergistic effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Antagonism
Beta lactams with bacteriostatic drugs like chloramphenicol, tetracycline and erythromycin produce
antagonistic action.

Pharmacokinetic/ ADME interactions

1.Administration of oral cephalosporins viz cefadroxil with food decreases the nausea in those animals
prone to the side effect. Administration of cefixime with food can decrease its bioavailability by one
half, whereas the absorption of cephalexin is not affected by food.
2.Concomitant use of antacids and H2-receptor antagonists decreases the absorption and peak plasma
levels of cephalosporins. Thus, cephalosporins are administered 1 or 2 hour prior to or after
administration of antacids and H2-receptor antagonists.
3.Acid susceptible penicillins (Ex: Penicillin G) should not be mixed with normal saline or other acidic
pH parenteral fluids because they get inactivated by the acidic pH.
4.Carbenicillin and ticarcillin interact chemically and precipitate aminolgycosides when administered
simultaneously through the same I.V. line or through the same syringe. Therefore, penicillins are
administered 1 or 2 hour prior to or after administration of aminolgycosides.
5.Salicylates, phenylbutazone and sulphonamides displace penicillins from plasma protein binding sites
thereby increase their blood concentration and prolong their plasma half live.
6.Concomitant administration of Penicillins like carbenicillin, cephalosporins and anticoagulants viz
heparin, coumarins warfarin, dicoumarol etc, thrombolytic agents streptokinase, streptodornase,

Pashubandha 2015
2014

Volume No : 4
3 Issue : 09
01

urokinase etc and NSAIDS salicylates and sulfinpyrazone enhances the risk of bleeding.
7.Concomitant administration of Penicillins like carbenicillin, cephalosporins with aspirin and other
NSAIDS and sulfinpyrazone also enhances the risk of bleeding.
8.Probenecid and other weak organic acids competitively block the tubular secretion of penicillin and
cephalosporins thereby increase their blood concentration and prolong their plasma half lives. But
probenecid has not been shown to alter the renal tubular secretion of ceftiofur in dairy cattle or of
cefazolin in mares.

Mamatha, G.S., Puttalakshmamma,G.C., Jaya N. Lakkundi and P.M.Thimmareddy

Department of Veterinary Parasitology
Centre of Advanced Faculty Training,Veterinary College
KVAFSU Regional Campus, Hebbal, Bengaluru-560 024.
(Email:drmamathags@gmail.com)
In tropical and subtropical countries like India, low productivity in small ruminants production are
attributed to unfavourable climatic conditions, low animal genetic potential, insufficient feed supplements
and lack of proper health care facilities in rural areas. Besides, factors like secondary pathogenic effects
caused by trematode parasites is a major contributing factor that decreases the quality and quantity of
wool, meat and meat products. These trematode infection which occur in clinical and subclinical
conditions adversely affect the health and socio-economic status of the farmers and cause enormous
economic losses to the livestock industry.
F.gigantica and G. explanatum are very common trematode
parasites affecting sheep and usually present in liver, bileducts and
gallbladder. The adult parasites are not much pathogenic however its
immature migratory flukes induce severe pathological effects.
The pathological changes induced by the F.gigantica and
G.explanatum are readily distinguishable from each other. Lesions
associated with the migration of immature flukes through the Liver parenchyma showing migratory
parenchyma and honeycombed like appearance are a prominent feature tracts and haemorrhage
of infection of F.gigantica. In bileducts, infection with F. gigantica are
characterised by desquamation of the bile duct epithelium, presence of
more free blood in the lumen and a thicker duct wall. In acute
fasciolosis, the simultaneous migration of large number of immature
flukes cause traumatic hepatitis due to
extensive destruction of liver
parenchyma and marked haemorrhage into the peritoneal cavity due to
rupture of liver capsule. The liver will be enlarged, pale and friable with
numerous haemorrhagic tracts on the
parenchymal surface. These
Hyperplastic cholangitis
lesions should be differentiated from the anthrax disease characterised by

Pashubandha 2015
2014

Volume No : 4
3 Issue : 09
01

the presence of blood through all the natural orifices. In chronic condition, a hyperplastic cholangitis is
observed caused by the presence of adult flukes in the bileducts.
.

Giagantocotyle explanatum adult flukes in

the bileducts

Polyps like growth in the biliary epithelium

Whereas lesions induced by Giagantocytle explanatum are confined to the large bile ducts.
G. explanatum present in the bileducts form plugs or polyps like growth in the luminal surface by removal
of a plug of mucosa into their acetabulum. The lesions in the hepatic parenchyma are associated with
formation of progressively larger areas of scar tissue in the parenchymal migration and fibrosis which
occur in adjacent portal triads and interlobular septa. The absence of signs of migration through the hepatic
parenchyma by G.explanatum is regarded as evidences that these flukes gain entry to the bile ducts from
intestine through common bileduct. Hence, based on these lesions, the infection caused by the common
trematode parasites of F.gigantica and G.explanatum can be diagnosed in naturally infected sheep and
goats at necropsy.

. JZ.J. GAz
zQAi Pd, AUg.
(uppisri2003@yahoo.com)
Ez 1982 g qz Wl. Cz v zQAi z qz Pf PP jz. D
Aiz AUj UAUgz tg jZAiv. Cg Ai vA d.
JtPU Uz d. P PU U P. UAUgz J Um Eg Ai. evAi Ai
U. Eg Ai .Ai. Nzwz MAz qV zsgt. Jg Ptt. F qVU
zU, Ai Jg F qVAi DU gz. U g Jzg Nz
zUz iv q. P D qVU (?) Aiv qv. Dzg D
qV Aiig iv Pz v zUP JA zsg vUzPArz.
CzAz Cg Az Pg Av. Cg U Q zUVz vA
vAzg qwv. Ai jQ F vAzgU aQv iqP. QAi vAz

gP

vUz aQvAi UAiP U Qzg J jAiiUvz JAz. jAi tg, qPg

Vz FU Pvj r v JAzg. CjU w aQvU Ai P v
S mAigP JAz. iv PwzAv tg Pt g vA Av. Pgt

Pashubandha 2015
2014

Volume No : 4
3 Issue : 09
01

PzU r qPg, zs 3 UAz S mAiz g PrAiw. CU C

o R JAzg. Zj rzU zs v zUzP Aig gzsP wAiiV
G vU iqwz. t zs PorU Pgz PAq V qPg,
t P z, , PjUU O Pq z. U zs EAfAig DU CAv D.
C iv Pw. t PU zQAi irz. t PU Q Pr, CjU
, z, , Pj rAi DU. CjU dQ P j. iv Pw. U
Ug Ez CU. JAz PorAz g qzg. zsgtU

z G

vU q. U DgU jAiiV. Hl irzg iv Az U

Dg iqv. Ezg Dg iq. vAz Cs JAz.
: iwU Ug Pl, zsgt gAAz g Az Hl irz. Aig zsgtU
wAz Hl irzg. Jg Pt g. gl AvU tg qPg K
iw r irg Uw. z zs Hl irz. Dzg C zUz U E
E JAz v CAw zsg zg.
ig g. PfU Czs . Pd P V tg U z. Cg
UU Dg iqQv. Ai J Dg iq eU E. J
rzg d v iU. DgU eU qQ qQ PU Ai Dg
iq zsg irz. v q Ai. v U v j ig 25 dg Av.
iq Dg q J Pz Awzg. zs Ai rz PAq U Ai
iq Av. Ai Ai zgAz Pn V CgP z Pq gAz.
zsV zU egwzAv v Awz PlAz dg q Um gAsv. K JAz
qwzAv tg Aqw P Pz zg. CgP ZZ z PqU gP
r P JZg v zg. Jg Rz Uj. K iqz wAiz sAiAz Jg
gzrzg t P CgAzg zqg Pt g, sAiz s. v qPgU s
iq Pg Nrzg, E Pg Av PAv Awzg. jwAi wz Pg
jQz. K zq vAzg E Jv. vPt Ai C l Pg RP g
Ar CjU x aQv irzU P Jz Avg. Cg PU PgzPAq U v
U Uv wgVz. CgP s PrAiiV U Jz Pv D Pq F Pq
qwz. v UU CgP ZZ z PqgAz. U v zU V
P PtU Ggl z. Ggl Awz Uz Dzg f Vz Az. u
g gAsV qwzAv jAz Ai MzAiiv. vPt UU aQv gA
ZZ z Pl Jz sU MvgAz. Aii AivP UAz Aii jwAi wQAi
E. P P qU gAsv. v U G Aiv irz. PtU
UAmUz. vAi AiZU gi. tg djU K P, U P, Cg
wQAi KUz JAz AiazU zAi U AzAv Cv. Ezg q d J
K UvUz Av iqwz r Avqwzg. PU U G
Aiv Aiaz. U PAi jU q CqU Pt zU U
Ggl U gAz Ptv. U Gglz evU Ggl rvP Av. CAv
U Uz g Az. vq iqz Dg ir V, U Q, UAiP O Q,

Pashubandha 2015
2014

Volume No : 4
3 Issue : 09
01

UAiP n Pn P vzU U Aiz Uz AzAvv. CAv Dg SAvV Vv.

Az P PtU U JZgUAq Jz Pv. v jz dP Av. Jg
UgAz r v U Dg irz P PP Uzg. CjU dz
jw Uv Eg. U G irz J Aiv Cg U Dg MAz
sUV PArv.
P Vv JAz zU tg PlAz J d Az U P
Vzg. DU tg zg J P, zsgt zUv. zg AiijU
Pr E. Azs AzU Cg tU ev jU aQv Pqvg. Ev qPg
AqwAi Pr, evAi UU Dg ir, zg AiijU Pr E JAz
vjzg. zg P vA P. rg, qPg Ggl , v Gg
vA Dg irzg. Cg zg j. DzjAz zsgt qPg vg zUv.
tAi P, g iv q. v rzU Jg Rz MUAi s Ezg zsgtAi
Pt Avz Ptg. zAiz xPvAi s. U o Pz J z UgUU
z A, P Pwz U v j Pq gmU zAi PV v
zg AiijU Pr E.

Shrikrishna Isloor and D. Rathnamma

Rabies Diagnostic Laboratory,Dept. of Microbiology
Veterinary College, KVAFSU,Hebbal, Bengaluru
(Email; kisloor@rediffmail.com)
Rabies is practically a 100% fatal disease and veterinarians play an important role in its control. In the
process, they need to ensure the safety of themselves as well as the others. Following are the points to
remember.
Tips for animal owners / general public:
How to avoid getting bitten

Do not stare at or provoke any animal.

Do not chase a dog or throw stones at them.

Do not run if a dog chases, instead stand still and call for help.

Do not tease a dog even if it is ones own.

If a dog attacks, then curl and protect face, be still and call for help.

Adults must supervise all animal - kid interactions.

Do not give the animals hugs or kisses

Do not use aggressive punishment with the dog.

Put the pet dog in its cell with its favorite toy to chew when there is a gathering at the home.

Avoid stray dogs, cats and wild animals.

Pashubandha 2015
2014

Volume No : 4
3 Issue : 09
01

Never try to feed or approach a stray / wild animal.

Be careful of pets that one does not know.

If any animal is acting strangely, always report to the veterinarian.

IF AN INDIVIDUAL IS BITTEN, WHAT TO DO?

In case of children, encourage them to inform the elders immediately.

Do not apply any chilli powder, coffee powder or any other irritants to the wound

Do not succumb to superstition

Consult the doctor immediately so that he can decide on the further course of action to be taken.

Confine the dog , if possible

Must follow below mentioned three simple steps in the event of dog bites:
STEP - 1: Wash the wound immediately with water and soap / detergent for 15 minutes. Apply antiseptics
like povidone iodine / 70% ethyl alcohol. Consult the medical doctor immediately.
STEP 2: A full course of rabies vaccine should be taken as per the medical doctors advice. Commonly
employed regimen includes post exposure prophylactic vaccination on days 0, 3, 7, 14 and 28.
(Note: No contraindications to post exposure prophylaxis in infants, pregnant woman or
immune-compromised individuals. As vaccines are susceptible to extremes of temperature including care
should be taken to ensure that cold chain is maintained).
STEP - 3: In severe bite cases, rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) should be administered into the wounds. A
bleeding wound at any site must be infiltrated with either Human RIG or Equine RIG. ERIG is affordable
by a common man. Approximately it costs Rs. 1500/- per individual. Rabies immunoglobulin is
administered only once preferably at or as soon as possible after initiation of post exposure prophylaxis.
Not indicated beyond 7th day after the first dose of rabies vaccine because of interference of active
antibody due to vaccination and passive immunization.
PRECAUTIONS FOR PET OWNERS:

Wash Hands thoroughly after handling animals

Dont handle stray dogs /animals

Remove feces/dung from animal houses regularly

Avoid animals if suffering from any infection

Dont let animals/pets drink water from sewage or toilet

Avoid being licked by animals or dont kiss them

Dont share food /utensils with pets

Clipping pet claws regularly to avoid scratches

Vaccinate your pets regularly

Use disinfectants to clean houses and animal sheds

Do not throw animal waste or dead animals in neighborhood

Pashubandha 2015
2014

Volume No : 4
3 Issue : 09
01

REMEMBER
Be familiar with the clinical manifestation of rabies in animals
Rabies is a 100% vaccine preventable disease.

Always institute prophylaxis immediately without delay.

Dog rabies control through immunization is the most cost effective single measure available. Always
vaccinate pets.

Identify aggressive dogs through frequent observations of community / village dog populations and
removed, isolated and dealt in a humane manner.

Laboratory confirmation of suspect / probable cases of rabies should be attempted and should become
an integral part of the programme

Stay away from stray animals, Always ask the owner or an adult before petting a dog, cat or any other
animal.
Never adopt wild animals or stray animals and bring them home without consulting a veterinarian.
Discourage feeding street dogs / animals instead adopt them on consulting veterinarian.

Pre exposure prophylaxis is recommended for anyone who is at frequent or increased risk for exposure
to the rabies virus, such as laboratory workers dealing with rabies virus, veterinarians and animal
handlers. Commonly employed regimen is intra muscular administration of one dose given on each of
the days 0, 7 and 21 or 28. Day 0 is the date of administration of the first dose of vaccine. One intra
dermal (I/D) injection of 0.1 ml is given on each of the days 0, 7 and 21 or 28.
LOVE ANIMALS BUT STAY SAFE

monthly e-Bulletin
Published and circulated by Veterinary

Editor:
Dean, Veterinary College, Hebbal, Bengaluru
Dr. S. Yathiraj (Ex-Officio)

College, Hebbal, Bengaluru.

Associate Editior:
Head, Dept. of Vety.& Animal Husbandry Extension Education
Dr. K. Satyanarayan (Ex-Officio)

Contact :
Dept of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension Education
Veterinary College, Hebbal Bangalore
email: pashubandhavch@gmail.com
Blog: pashubandhavch.blogspot.in

Pashubandha 2015
2014

Volume No : 4
3 Issue : 09
01