Ｌink Budget Study

1.前言

通訊系統 Link Budget 與雷達系統的 Range Equation 相同。是為求系統

的 Tx Power，與 Coverage 或 Max Detection Range 在 Study 的過程尚有

許多紛亂不明之虞，但先把各個參數做說明。

2.參考文件
Digital Tech. For Wideband Receiver………………….James Tsui

3. 參數 Study

3.1 Coverage Range

指的是系統通訊的涵蓋區域以 Km 或 m 為單位，愈大則系統成本愈小。

3.2 Requirement of E0
N0 + I0
與 Processor Gain

No為Thermal Noise Power Density (dBm/Hz)

Io為Interference Power Density (dBm/Hz)

Eb為每個bit所能分配到的Energy (dBm Bit )

S
Eb
N0 + I0
是因為數位通訊而延伸出的系統參數中由傳統以 S/N 描述類

比通訊，在數位處理後則以 Power Density 來描述，原 S/N 則須指出系

統的 Bω為多少？以此為 Noise Bω，數位系統往往是須要展頻以分散

頻譜功率，而達到減少干擾，因此系統中其 Tx power 為 10dBm，傳送

了 10K bit/s (BPS)，其 E b = 10dBm 10 KBPS = −30 dBm BPS ，接收機若是 Ideal

的 Match Filter，會配合 Modulation Scheme 做解調，如 BPSK 系統

Information Rate 等於 Modulation Rate，因此 S/N 與 E b N 的關係為

o

S E •R
= b R：Information Rate, modulation Rate, Capacity Data
N N o • Βω
Rate
Bω：Noise Bω, Rx Bω

Eb
No
是一個數位通訊的 BER 的指標，成 1-1 的關係。
S E Bω Bω
與 b 的關係為 ,稱 為 Processor Gain 它是指把 R：Information
N NO R R

Rate 的資料放入了 Bω=5MHz 中其 Processing Gain 為 30dB，其

S/N=-27dB 即可滿足須求。

以 WCDMA 為例，DPDCH Rate=32KBPS，Chip Rate：4096K BPS 其

Processing Gain=4096K/32K=21.07dB，Group α法規中 E b N 的須求為

o

3dB 因此 S/N=-18.07dB 即可滿足。

3.3Coding Gain

在數位通訊的系統中都會加上 Inner code, Outter code, Inter leaving,

Punch 等，其中如 Convolutional code，會有一個 BIT 變成 2 個 (2，

1) , 但其特性並非 Linear(SKLAR P.266)，並非加愈多的 BIT 會

愈好。
一般 Link Budget 是不考慮 Coding Gain 的。

WCDMA 中 Bearer=8Kbps， (原始碼)，加入 CRC 成為 32K PBS 的 PD

PDCH，α法規是沒有定義其 Coding Gain。

3.4 Max Path Loss

這是很大的題目，在此用簡單的結果

Pass Loss=112.9 + 36.8․Log(Coverage Range)

Coverage Range in Km
因此 2Km ⇒ Path Loss=123.9789dB

3.5 Simultaneous Calls(Nu)

指的是系統同時有多少使用者為 Active。

3.6 Voice Activity Factor

系統是在有語音下才傳送並非一直傳，因此語音的活動率為 0.4。

3.7Log-Normal Fading Margin

一個 Mobile Radio Signal r(t)由於實際景觀環境，使 r(t)隨基地台與手機

的位置而有強度的變化，區分成 2 種。

1.變化慢的為 Local Mean，Long-Term fading，Log-Normal fading 如

地表起伏高低引起的變化。(m(t))

2.變化快的為 Multipath fading，Short-Term fading，Payeigh fading 如

 建築物其他結構。( ( ro (t ))

r (t ) = m(t ) • ro (t ) ⇒ r (t )( dB ) = m(t ) dB + ro (t ) dB

Local Mean 的 Mean 值以 40～80 個 Fade 做平均(Moving Average)，

Fading 是在有行動時才會有的，它會使 Rx 的 SNR 變化，若 Fading

Margin 定大則系統的 Power Control Scheme，就是效率較差，反

之亦然。

3.8ADC 的特性

b：bit No of ADC

Q：one Quantization Level Voltage

Vp Vi(t)
t ADC

Vi=Vp Sinωt

Vp 最大值為 2Vp = 2 b • Q

⇒ V P = 2 b −1 • Q

Max I/P Power of ADC, Pmax A/D (Without Noise)

V P2 2 2 ( b −1) • Q 2 2 2 b Q 2
= @ 1Ω = = @ 1Ω Λ Λ 
2 2 8
Min I/P Power of ADC, P mix A/D(Without Noise)
=信號大於一個 LSB 的變化量
⇒ 2V P = Q
 Q
V P的最小值 = V P =
2
V P2 Q2
Pmin A / D = @ 1Ω = @ 1Ω Λ Λ 
2 8

Pmax
因此 Dynamic Range= = 2 2b
A/ D

Pmin A / D

Pmax
取 Log ⇒ 10 Log ( ) = 20 • b • Log 2
Pmin

≒6 • b Λ Λ 

1 Q Q2
ADC Quantization Noise=
Q ∫ 2
−Q
2
X 2 dx =
12
@ 1Ω Λ Λ 

12
Quantization Noise 比 min Power of ADC 要小 = 1.76dB Λ 
8

因此 ADC 的功率分析為

2 2b Q 2
Pmax A / D =
8 (1Ω )

26․b(dB)=(20Log2)×b

Q2 (6.02)
Pmin A / D = 1.76dB
8 (1Ω )

Q2
Quantization Noise=
12

ADC 為 12bit，範圍±1V

1
其 PmzxA / D =2 = −20dBω = 10dBm
50

Pmin A / D
(2 )
= 2
12
2

= −62.247dBm
8
50

或 = 10 − (20Log 2) × 12 = 62.2471dBm
 2
⎛ 2 ⎞
⎜ 12 ⎟
=⎝2 ⎠
2
Quantizarion Noise = Q 12 12
= −64.0081dBm
50 50

Pmin A / D − Quantization Noise = −62.2471 − ( −64.0081)

=1.76dB

4. Link Budget 與 Receiver Signal Flow Anaysis

Link Budget 如同 Radar 的 Range Equation，主要是依據 E b N 與 Coverage

Range，計算 Tx Power，此分析導入接收機的計則是做 Signal Flow

Analysis 把最強最弱信號與 Noise 的狀況導入分析中得到元件增益與

NF 的分析值。

4.1 Link Budget

在此以 Base station 的 Rx 為 Design Target，因此以 Reverse Link 為例，

以 Groupα法規與院內須求

Coverage Range：2Km

Requirement E b N + I =2dB
o o

Subscriber Tx Power =8.1dBm

Simulataneous Call Nu=60 人
Voice Activity Factor=0.4
Spreading chip Rate=4.096Mcps
Max Path Loss=-124dB
Log-Normal fading Margin=8dB
DPDCH rate=32Kbps
Subscriber Tx Power=8.1dBm
Subscriber Tx Loss=2dB
Subscriber Tx Antenna Gain=6dBi
BTS Rx Gain=11dB
BTS Rx Cable Loss=2dB
BTS Rx NF=5dB
Thermal Noise Power Density=174dBm/Hz
BTS Rx B=5MHz
4.096M
1. E o N + I = 3dB Pr oces sin g Gain = = 21.07dB
o o 32 K

因此 S N + I = 3 − 21.07 = −18.07dB 即可合於系統須求

o o

2.Signal 計算

計算基準是算到 BTS Rx 的 Antenna O/P

E rp of Sub =Sub Tx Power－Tx Loss＋ Sub Ant. Gain

=8.1 – 2 + 6 = 12.1dBm
BTS Rx Power per Sub=12.1dBm－Path Loss＋BTS Ant. Gain

Fading Margin = 12.1－124＋11－8 =－108.9dBm

3.Thermal Noise @ Rx
等效的 Thermal Noise =-174dBm/Hz ＋BTS Rx Bω＋NF
=-100.01dBm/5MHz
4.I0
CDMA 其他的 User(即 subscriber)的信號是 Interface，先不考慮其他
cell
=-108.9＋10Log(Nu－1)－Activity factor

=-08.9＋12.7085 – 10Log0.4

=-108.9＋17.7085－3.97
 =-95.15dBm
5.No＋Io=-100.01dBm＋ -95.15dBm

換成 Linear Scale 才可以加

−100 −95.5
= 10 10
+ 10 10

= 100 × 10 −12 mw + 305.492 × 10 −12 mw

= 405.49 × 10 −12 mw = −93.92dBm

6. S I + N = −108.9dBm − ( −93.92dBm )
o o

= −14.96dB

而須求是-18.07(from.1)尚有 3.12dB 的 Margin

7.另一個分析的參數為Receiver Sensitivity它是指出理想的接收機，可工

作的最小的信號強度，用的須求為 E b N + I (在Load Less下，沒有其

o o

他User，Io=0 之下)

S
Eb
= 3 = Rate 其中 N 是考慮了 Noise Figure
No N
Bω
S Bω S • Bω
= =
N Rate KT • Bω • Rate • NF
Eb
⇒S= • KT • NF • Rate
No
= 3 − 174 + 7(含CableLoss) + 32 K (45.05dB) = −121.95dBm

表示在 Rx Antenna O/P 信號在沒有 Loading 下，只要-121.95dBm

即可工作。

8.再把 A/D 的特性再考慮上來，求出信號的最大增益與最小增益，

與 ADC 的 Quantization Noise 對系統 Noise Figure 的影響。

以 Urban 的例子做說明：
 REVERSE LINK (Urban)
description
coverage range 2 km
required Eb/(Io+No) 3 db
simultaneous calls(Nu) 60 17.7815 db number of active user
13
voice activity factor 0.4 -3.9794 db
bearer 16000.00 bps 42.0412 dbH
z
receiver bandwidth 5000000.00 Hz 66.9897 dbH
z
spreading chip rate 4096000.00 cps 66.1235 dbH PN chip rate
99 z
log-normal fading margin 8.00 db shadow dominant to be evaluation
maximun path loss 123.98 db 112.9+36.8*log(B3)
DPDCH rate 32000.00 bps 45.0515 dbH convolution code and rate
z matching
BTS attenna gain 11.00 dbi cell antenna gain
BTS cable loss 2.00 db 0.63095 cable noise figure
73
BTS receiver NF 5.00 db 3.16227
77
thermal noise temperature 298.00 k
subscriber transmitter power 8.10 dbm
subscriber attenna gain 6.00 dbi
subscriber TX loss 2.00 db
A/D quantization noise power -64.01 dBm 3.974E- mw 10*log(q^2/(12*50))+30,
07 q=0.0004883
A/D full scale power 10.00 dBm 10*log(Vrms^2/50)+30,
Vrms=0.707
microwave receiver gain 22.00 dB
microwave receiver noise figure 3.50 dB
thermal noise power density -174.00 dBm/Hz

Drived
parameters
required S/(N+I) -18.07 B4-B32
BTS receiver sensitivity -121.95 dbm B29+D12+B4
RX noise density @ Antenna o/p -167.00 dbm/ 1.995E- mw B24+B30
Hz 17
total system NF 7.00 db 5.01187 B15+B14
23
ERP of subscriber 12.10 dbm B17+B18-B19
processing gain 21.07 db 128 10*log(B9/B12)
BTS received power per subscriber -108.88 dbm 1.295E- mw B31-B11-B10+B13
11
other subscriber interference(Io) -95.15 dbm 3.056E- mw B33+10log(B5-1)+D6
10
Observables at the BTS at receiver front
end
BTS received power(full load in serving -91.10 dbm B33+D5
BTS)
thermal noise power(No) -100.01 dbm 9.976E- mw B29+D8
11
total interference and noise power(Io+No) -93.92 dbm 4.053E- mw 10log(D34+D37)
10
BTS per subscriber power to (Io+No) ratio -14.96 dB B33-B38
BTS per subscriber power to (No) ratio -8.87 db B33-B37
Link Budget Margin 3.12 db B39-B27
BTS received minimum signal -100.01 dBm B37(noise power dominant)
BTS received maximum signal -90.57 dBm 10*log(D33*B5+D37)
IF receiver max gain 85.01 dB B21-3-B22-B42
IF receiver min gain 75.57 dB B21-3-B22-B43
min thermal noise before A/D converter -4.44 dBm 0.35975 mw B24+D8+B15+B22+B45
75
min thermal noise power over quantization 59.57 dB B46-B20
power
receiver Total gain max 107.01 dB B22+B44
receiver Total gain min 97.57 dB B22+B45
Required Dynamic Range 9.44 dB B48-B49
Total Noise after A/D -4.44 dBm 0.35975 mw 10log(D46+D20)
79
Total Noise figure after A/D 7.00 dB B51-B46+B30

Urban 的例子在 B41 以前用 1~7 的公式可完成計算，BTS Rx 的最

大最小增益是依據最大最小信號與 ADC 的 I/P 特性而定的。

A. BTS Rx 在 Antenna O/P 的最小 Subscriber 信號為-108.88dBm 比

Thermal Noise –100.01dBm 還小，因此 Rx min power 為 Thermal

Noise=-100.01dBm
B. BTS Rx 在 Antenna O/P 最大 Subscriber 信號是在-91.1dBm，但與

Thermal Noise-100.01dBm 比相差不及 10dB，因此最大的 BTS Rx

Power=Full Load 時的
Total Subscriber Power + Thermal Noise=-90.57dBm
C. ADC的Full Scale Power=10dBm(Vp-p=2V)，因此必須把-90.57dBm

及-100.01dBm 放大到比 Full Scale Power 小”3dB”的位置。

因此 Rx Total Gain (max) =ADC Full Scale Power – min Signal –3dB
=10-(-100.01)-3=107.01dB
Rx Total Gain (min) =10-(-90.57)-3=95.57dB
D.Rx Dynamic Range=Max Signal-Min Signal=9.4dB
E.After ADC 的 Noise=Thermal Noise before ADC(min Gain)
+Quantization Noise=-4.44dBm
Noise Figure After ADC=NF before Ad + (Noise After ADC-Noise before ADC)
=7dB
 Suburban 的分析如下：

其中 Coverage=5Km，Nu=30，chip Rate=4096K，Tx power=12.4 dBm

REVERSE LINK (Suburban)

description
coverage range 5.0 km
required Eb/(Io+No) 2.5 db
simultaneous calls(Nu) 30.000 14.77 db number of active user
voice activity factor 0.4 -3.98 db
bearer 32000 bps 45.05 dbH
z
receiver bandwidth 5000000 Hz 66.99 dbH
z
spreading chip rate 4096000 cps 66.12 dbH PN chip rate
z
log-normal fading margin 8.0 db shadow dominant to be evaluation
maximun path loss 131.1 db 104.3+38.4*log(B3)
DPDCH rate 64000 bps 48.06 dbH convolution code and rate
z matching
BTS attenna gain 11.0 dbi cell antenna gain
BTS cable loss 2.0 db 0.63 cable noise figure
BTS receiver NF 5.0 db 3.16
thermal noise temperature 290 k
subscriber transmitter power 12.4 dbm
subscriber attenna gain 6.0 dbi
subscriber TX loss 2.0 db
A/D quantization noise power -64.0 dBm 3.97E-0 mw 10*log(q^2/(12*50))+30,
7 q=0.0004883
A/D full scale power 10.0 dBm 10*log(Vrms^2/50)+30,
Vrms=0.707
microwave receiver gain 22.0 dB
microwave receiver noise figure 3.5 dB
thermal noise power density -174.0 dBm/Hz

Drived
parameters
required S/(N+I) -15.56 B4-B32
BTS receiver sensitivity -116.44 dbm B29+D12+B4
thermal noise density -167.00 dbm/ 2.00E-1 dBm B24+B30
Hz 7
total system NF 7.00 db 5.01 B15+B14
ERP of subscriber 16.4 dbm B17+B18-B19
processing gain 18.06 db 128.00 10*log(B9/B12)
BTS received power per subscriber -111.74 dbm 6.70E-1 mw B31-B11-B10+B13
2
other subscriber interference(Io) -101.10 dbm 7.77E-1 mw B33+10log(B5-1)+D6
1
Observables at the BTS at receiver front
end
BTS received power(full load in serving -96.97 dbm B33+D5
BTS)
noise power(No) -100.01 dbm 9.98E-1 mw B29+D8
1
total interference and noise power(Io+No) -97.51 dbm 1.77E-1 mw 10log(D34+D37)
0
BTS per subscriber power to (Io+No) ratio -14.23 dbm B33-B38
BTS per subscriber power to (No) ratio -11.73 db B33-B37
Link Budget Margin 1.33 db B39-B27
BTS received minimum signal -100.01 dBm B37(noise power dominant)
BTS received maximum signal -95.22 dBm 10*log(D33*B5+D37)
IF receiver max gain 85.0 dB B21-3-B22-B42
IF receiver min gain 80.22 dB B21-3-B22-B43
min thermal noise before A/D converter 0.21 dBm 1.05E+ mw B24+D8+B15+B22+B45
00
min thermal noise power over quantization 64.21 dB B46-B20
power
receiver Total gain max 107.0 dB B22+B44
receiver Total gain min 102.2 dB B22+B45
Required Dynamic Range 4.8 dB B48-B49
Total Noise after A/D 0.21 dBm 1.05E+0 mw 10log(D46+D20)
0
Total Noise figure after A/D 7.00 dB B51-B46+B30

Rural 的分析如下：

其中 Coverage：15Km，Nu=5，chip Rate=4096K，Tx power=30 dBm

REVERSE LINK assumed parameters

description
coverage range 15.0 km
required Eb/(Io+No) 1.500 db
simultaneous calls(Nu) 5 6.99 db number of active user
voice activity factor 0.4 -3.98 db
bearer 144000 bps 51.58 dbH
z
receiver bandwidth 5000000 Hz 66.99 dbH
z
spreading chip rate 4096000 cps 66.12 dbH PN chip rate
z
log-normal fading margin 8.0 db shadow dominant to be evaluation
maximun path loss 138.2 db 87+43.5*log(B3)
DPDCH rate 512000 bps 57.09 dbH convolution code and rate
z matching
BTS attenna gain 11.0 dbi cell antenna gain
BTS cable loss 2.0 db 0.63 cable noise figure
BTS receiver NF 5.0 db 3.16
thermal noise temperature 290 k
subscriber transmitter power 30.0 dbm
subscriber attenna gain 6.0 dbi
subscriber TX loss 2.0 db
A/D quantization noise power -64.0 dBm 3.97E-0 mw 10*log(q^2/(12*50))+30,
7 q=0.0004883
A/D full scale power 10.0 dBm 10*log(Vrms^2/50)+30,
Vrms=0.707
microwave receiver gain 22.0 dB
microwave receiver noise figure 3.5 dB
thermal noise power density -174.0 dBm/Hz

Drived
parameters
required S/(N+I) -7.53 B4-B32
BTS receiver sensitivity -108.41 dbm B22+D12+B4
thermal noise density -167.00 dbm/ 2.00E-1 dBm B24+B30
Hz 7
total system NF 7.00 db 5.01 B15+B14
ERP of subscriber 34.0 dbm B17+B18-B19
processing gain 9.03 db 8.00 10*log(B9/B12)
BTS received power per subscriber -101.16 dbm 7.66E-1 B31-B11-B10+B13
1
other subscriber interference(Io) -99.12 dbm 1.22E-1 mw B33+10log(B5-1)+D6
 0
Observables at the BTS at receiver
front end
BTS received power(full load in serving -94.17 dbm B33+D5
BTS)
thermal noise power(No) -100.01 dbm 9.98E-1 mw B29+D8
1
total interference and noise power(Io+No) -96.53 dbm 2.22E-1 mw 10log(D34+D37)
0
BTS per subscriber power to (Io+No) ratio -4.63 dbm B33-B38
BTS per subscriber power to (No) ratio -1.15 db B33-B37
Link Budget Margin 2.90 db B39-B27
BTS received minimum signal -100.01 dBm B37(noise power dominant)
BTS received maximum signal -93.16 dBm 10*log(D33*B5+D37)
IF receiver max gain 85.0 dB B21-3-B22-B42
IF receiver min gain 78.16 dB B21-3-B22-B43
min thermal noise before A/D converter -1.85 dBm 6.54E-0 mw B24+D8+B15+B22+B45
1
min thermal noise power over quantization 62.16 dB B46-B20
power
receiver Total gain max 107.0 dB B22+B44
receiver Total gain min 100.2 dB B22+B45
Required Dynamic Range 6.8 dB B48-B49
Total Noise after A/D -1.85 dBm 6.54E-0 mw 10log(D46+D20)
1
Total Noise figure after A/D 7.00 dB B51-B46+B30

以上三個 Case 分析，得到的 Min Signal 皆為 Thermal Noise 而 Max

Signal=-90.57dBm(Urban)，因此做接收機的信號流程分析，NF=7dB

則是系統須求。

4.2 Signal Flow Analysis

依據 P44 的接收機架構做信號流程分析

VGA
RF
190M
Cable Loss Front 
BPF
End +15dB~-15dB

4096K
 To ADC
BPF
分析 VGA 在 15dB 與-15dB 下的 NF，在 15dB 下系統的 Gain 調整到

107dB 為 Max Gain(File:WCDMAA1)VGA=-15dB 下，分析系統 NF 的

Worst Case(File:WCDMA2)系統運作不會用到 VGA=-15dB 的狀態。

N STAGE GAIN NF/ea COMP.PART NO MAXIP PidB

1. CABLELO -2.00 2.00 XXX 30.00 30.00
2. RF FRON 22.00 3.50 XXX 30.00 30.00
3. 19UMBPF -12.00 12.00 XXX 0.00 -15.00
4. AMP 26.00 3.00 WJ-64 30.00 8.00
5. VGA 15.00 6.00 TO9114 30.00 0.00
6. MIXER -8.00 8.00 XXX 30.00 30.00
7. 4096BPF -2.80 8.00 XXX 30.00 30.00
8. AMP 20.00 2.80 LT1229 30.00 30.00
9. AMP 20.00 10.00 LT1229 30.00 30.00
10 AMP 20.00 10.00 LT1229 30.00 30.00
11. AMP 9.00 10.00 LT1229 30.00 30.00
EDIT THE BUDGET FILE . INSERT(in the read),Delete,Change,

INPUT DATA FROM KEYBOARD,DISK FILE ,EDITER,OR ABOUT?A

MAX. SIGNAL IN dBm ?-90.57
MIN. SIGNAL IN dBm ? –100.01
THIS FILE IS //WCDMAS1
STAGE GAIN I/PMAX MIN.LVL NF/ea ACC.NF TO-NF O/PNS-LVL TGAIN DMA SAT
CABLELO -2.00 -90.57 -100.01 2.00 2.00 5.86 -107.01 -2.00 OK 0
RF FRON 22.00 -92.57 -102.01 3.50 5.50 3.86 -81.51 20.00 OK 0
19UMBPF -12.00 -70.57 -80.01 12.00 5.68 15.04 -93.33 8.00 OK 0
AMP 26.00 -82.57 -92.01 3.00 5.86 3.04 -67.15 34.00 OK 0
VGA 15.00 -56.57 -66.01 6.00 5.86 8.91 -52.15 49.00 OK 0
MIXER -8.00 -41.5 -51.01 8.00 5.86 20.84 -60.15 41.00 OK 0
4096BPF -2.80 -49.57 -59.01 2.80 5.86 12.84 -62.15 38.20 OK 0
AMP 20.00 -52.37 -61.01 10.00 5.86 10.04 -42.95 58.20 OK 0
AMP 20.00 -32.37 -41.81 10.00 5.86 10.04 -22.95 78.20 OK 0
AMP 20.00 -12.37 -21.81 10.00 5.86 10.04 -2.95 98.20 OK 0
AMP 9.00 7.63 -1.81 10.00 5.86 10.00 6.05 107.20 OK 0
NOISE BANDWIDTH = 5000KHz
THE MAX . INPUT POWER =-90.57dB
THE MIN .. INPUT POWER =-100.01dB
THE MAX. OUTPUT POWER= 16.63.Db
THE MIN .OUTPUT POWER=7.189999 dBm
IF READY PREASS Q

在 WCDMAS1 的 Case 下，NF 為 5.86dB，Gain=107.2dB 可符合系統須

求，O/P Noise Level=6.05dBm 遠大於 ADC 的 Quantization

Noise=-64dBm。

N STAGE GAIN NF/ea COMP.PART NO MAXIP PidB

1. CABLELO -2.00 2.00 XXX 30.00 30.00
2. RF FRON 22.00 3.50 XXX 30.00 30.00
3. 19UMBPF -12.00 12.00 XXX 0.00 -15.00
4. AMP 26.00 3.00 WJ-64 30.00 8.00
5. VGA 15.00 -15.00 TO9114 30.00 30.00
6. MIXER -8.00 8.00 XXX 30.00 30.00
7. 4096BPF -2.80 2.80 XXX 30.00 30.00
8. AMP 20.00 10.00 LT1229 30.00 30.00
9. AMP 20.00 10.00 LT1229 30.00 30.00
10 AMP 20.00 10.00 LT1229 30.00 30.00
11 AMP 9.00 10.00 LT1229 30.00 30.00
.
EDIT THE BUDGET FILE . INSERT(IN THE REAR),Delete ,change
INPUT DATA FROM KEYBOARD ,DISK FILE ,EDITER,OR ABOUT?

THIS FILE IS // WCDMAS2

STAGE GAIN I/PMAX MIN.LVL NF/ea ACC.NF TO-NF O/PNS-LVL TGAIN DMA SAT
CABLELO -2.00 -90.57 -100.01 2.00 2.00 7.30 -107.01 -2.00 OK 0
RF FRON 22.00 -92.57 -102.01 3.50 5.50 5.30 -81.51 20.00 OK 0
19UMBPF -12.00 -70.57 -80.01 12.00 5.68 22.63 -93.33 8.00 OK 0
AMP 26.00 -82.57 -92.01 3.00 5.86 10.63 -67.15 34.00 OK 0
VGA 15.00 -56.57 -66.01 -15.0 5.86 35.80 -82.15 19.00 OK 0
MIXER -8.00 -71.57 -81.01 8.00 5.93 20.84 -90.08 11.00 OK 0
4096BPF -2.80 -79.57 -89.01 2.80 6.01 12.84 -92.80 8.20 OK 0
AMP 20.00 -82.37 -91.81 10.00 7.29 10.04 -71.52 28.20 OK 0
AMP 20.00 -62.37 -71.81 10.00 7.30 10.04 -51.51 48.20 OK 0
AMP 20.00 -42.37 -51.81 10.00 7.30 10.04 -31.51 68.20 OK 0
AMP 9.00 -22.37 -31.81 10.00 7.30 10.00 -22.51 77.20 OK 0
NOISE BANDWIDTH = 5000KHz
THE MAX . INPUT POWER =-90.57dB
THE MIN .. INPUT POWER =-100.01dB
THE MAX. OUTPUT POWER= -13.37dBm
THE MIN .OUTPUT POWER=-22.81001 dBm
IF READY PREASS Q

在 VGA=-15dBm，NF=-15dB 下，系統 NF 為 7.3dB 是很好的了。