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Equations of A Line
Equations of A Line
Review of Terms
To illustrate,
run = 2
rise = 1
x-int (a)
-2
y-int (b)
1
FORMS OF A LINE
The
y mx b
y y1 m x x1
two-point form
y 2 y1
x x1
y y1
x2 x1
x y
Some Analytic Geometry books would include the intercept form, a b 1 .
But since equations in those forms may be derived using the two-point
form, it wont be discussed anymore in this presentation.
SLOPE-INTERCEPT FORM
SLOPE-INTERCEPT FORM
The
Any
y mx b
slope
y-intercept
SLOPE-INTERCEPT FORM
EXAMPLES:
4
Find the equation of the line with slope of
3
and y-intercept of 3.
4
3
and b = - 3.
4
and b = -3, then
3
4
x 3
3
4x 9
3
3y 4x 9
y
4x 3y 9 0
run = 3
rise = 4
y-int = -3
SLOPE-INTERCEPT FORM
EXAMPLES:
2
Since m = and b = 1 , then
3
2
2
1
y x
3
2
4 x 3
6
6 y 4 x 3
y
4x 6 y 3 0
rise = -2
run = 3
2
3
SLOPE-INTERCEPT FORM
TRY
THIS!
1
4
POINT-SLOPE FORM
POINT-SLOPE FORM
Suppose you want to find the slope of the line, in which theres only
one given point (x1,y1).
Let (x,y) be the unknown point and (x1,y1) be the given point.
y 2 y1
By definition of slope m
,
x2 x1
y y1
and since the (x,y) is an unknown point, then m
.
x x1
m x x1 y y1
By cross-multiplication,
y y1 m x x.1
POINT-SLOPE FORM
EXAMPLES:
Find the equation of the line with slope of - 3 and passing
through (1, 2).
To graph the given, note that the slope is -3
or -3/1. Thus, giving a rise of -3 and run of 1.
(1,2)
y y1 m x x1
run = 1
y 2 3 x 1
y 2 3 x 3
3x y 5 0
POINT-SLOPE FORM
EXAMPLES:
2
Find the equation of the line with slope of
and passing
3
through (-3, 1).
run = 3
2
m = and (x1,y1)=(-3,1).
3
y y1 m x x1
rise = 2
(-3,1)
2
x (3)
3
2
y 1 x 3
3
3 y 1 2 x 3
3y 3 2x 6
2 x 3 y 9 0 is the equation of the line.
y 1
POINT-SLOPE FORM
TRY THIS!
Find the equation of the line with slope of
through (-3, -2).
ANSWER:
x + 4y + 11 = 0
1
4
and passing
TWO-POINT FORM
TWO-POINT FORM
y y1 m x x1
y 2 y1
x2 x1
y 2 y1
.
x2 x1
y 2 y1
y y1
x x1
x2 x1
where ((x1,y1) & (x2,y2)) are the two points passing through the line.
TWO-POINT FORM
EXAMPLES:
Find the equation of the line passing through (1,2) and (4,3).
To graph, simply plot the two points then
connect by drawing a line.
To find the equation of the line,
substitute (1,2) and (4,3) to (x1,y1)
and (x2,y2)) respectively.
y y1
y y1 2
x x1
x2 x1
3 2
y2
x 1
4 1
3y 6 x 1
1
y 2 x 1
x 3y 5 0
3
3 y 2 1 x 1
(4,3)
(1,2)
TWO-POINT FORM
EXAMPLES:
1
4
1
2
y y1
y 2 y1
x x1
x2 x1
1
2
1
2
x
y 2
1
4
3
4
(3,-0.5)
3
1
y2 2 x
13
4
4
6
1
x
13
4
1
13 y 2 6 x
4
3
13 y 26 6 x
2
y2
(-0.25,-2)
6 x 13 y
49
0
2
12 x 26 y 49 0
TWO-POINT FORM
TRY
THIS!
1
4
ANSWER: 9x + 16y + 23 = 0
and (1,-2).
REVIEW
So
y mx b
y y1 m x x1
two-point form
y 2 y1
x x1
y y1
x2 x1
WHAT IFs?
if the given are the slope and the xintercept of the line?
What if the given are a point passing through
the line and x or y-intercept?
What
What
Instead,
y y1 m x x1
y 0 3 x 2
y 3x 6
run = 1
rise = 3
x-intercept = 2
EXAMPLE:
Find the equation of the line passing through (3,-1) and having a
y-intercept of -2.
Since the y-intercept is -2, then its
ordered pair is (0,-2). Considering the
other given, (3,-1), then we can make
use of the two-point form.
y y1
y2 y1
x x1
x2 x1
y 2
1 2
x 0
30
1
x
3
3 y 2 x
3y 6 x
x 3y 6 0
y2
(3,-1)
Y-intercept = - 2
Again,
EXAMPLE:
Find the equation of the line having an x-intercept
of 3 and a y-intercept of 2?
Since the x-intercept is 3, then its ordered pair is
(3,0). Likewise, since the y-intercept is 2, then its
ordered pair is (0,2). Thus, we can now make use of
the two-point form.
y y1
y0
y2 y1
x x1
x2 x1
20
x 3
03
2
x 3
3
3y 2x 6
2x 3y 6 0
y
y-intercept = 2
x-intercept = 3