7.

0 RESULTS
Experiment A
Titrate of

Titrate

Propionic

Propionic

10M

of 10M

acid

acid

NaOH

NaOH

concentratio

concentratio

(organic

(aqueou

n in organic

n in aqueous

mL)

s mL)

layer, Y

layer, X

5.0

21.0

40.0

0.42

0.80

0.53

3.0

10.0

26.0

0.33

0.87

0.38

1.0

6.0

6.0

0.60

0.60

0.10

Propionic
acid
added
(mL)

Concentration of NaOH used = 0.025 M

Water flow rate

= 0.3 L/min

Organic flow rate = 0.3 L/min

Packing dimension :

Length

= 1.2 m

Dimension = 50 mm
Experiment B
Compounds
Feed
Extract
Raffinate

Volume of NaOH needed (mL)

0.025 M
0.1 M
54.1
17.0
23.2
6.0
1.5
1.0

Volume of propionic acid used = 0.1 L

8.0 CALCULATIONS
Finding the distribution coefficient:

K=

Y
X

K=

Y
X

Where; Y : concentration of solute in extract phase

X : concentration of solute in raffinate phase

Finding the mass transfer coefficient:

1. M1V1 = M2V2

Where; M1 : concentration of NaOH

M2 : concentration of propionic acid
V1 : volume of NaOH
V2 : volume of propionic acid

2. Rate of acid transfer = Vw(Y1 0)

3. V0 (X1 X2) = Vw (Y1 0)

4.

X
Y1
K=

5. Log mean driving force =

( X 1 X 2)
ln( X 1 X 2)

Where; X1: driving force at the top of the column

(X2

0)
X2 : driving force at the bottom of the column= (X1
X*1)
6. Packing dimension: length = 1.2 m
diameter = 50 mm
therefore, packing volume is V =

r L

=(

0.025

m2) (1.2 m)

= 2.36103 m3
= 2.36 L
7. Mass transfer coefficient =

rate of acid transfer

volumes of packing mean driving force

Finding the distribution coefficient:

5.0 mL of propionic acid
Upper (Y): M1V1 = M2V2
(0.025) (0.021) = M2 (0.005)
M2 = 0.105M
Bottom (X):

M1V1 = M2V2

(0.025) (0.040) = M2 (0.005)

M2 = 0.200M
K=

Y 0.105 M
=
=0.525
X 0.200 M

3.0 mL of propionic acid

Upper (Y): M1V1 = M2V2
(0.025) (0.010= M2 (0.003)
M2 = 0.083M
Bottom (X):

M1V1 = M2V2

(0.025) (0.026) = M2 (0.003)

M2 = 0.210M

K=

Y 0.083 M
=
=0.395
X 0.210 M

1.0 mL of propionic acid

Upper (Y): M1V1 = M2V2
(0.025) (0.006) = M2 (0.001)
M2 = 0.150M
Bottom (X):

M1V1 = M2V2

(0.025) (0.006) = M2 (0.001)

M2 = 0.150M
K=

Y 0.150 M
=
=0.1 00
X 0.150 M

Finding the mass transfer coefficient:

0.025 M of NaOH
Feed:

M1V1 = M2V2
(0.025) (0.0541) = M2 (0.1)
M2 = 0.0135M

Extract:

M1V1 = M2V2
(0.025) (0.0232)= M2 (0.1)
M2 = 0.0058M (Y1)

Raffinate: M1V1 = M2V2

(0.025) (0.0015) = M2 (0.1)
M2 = 0.00038 (X1)

Rate of acid transfer

= Vw(Y1 0)
= 0.3 L/min (0.0058 mol/L)
= 0.0017 mol/min

V0 (X1 X2) = Vw (Y1 0)

0.3 L/min (0.00038 mol/min X2) = 0.0017 mol/min

X2 = 0.0053 M
X
Y1
K=

at

equilibrium,

assume

K=0.4

(from

experiment A)
X

Y 1 0.0058
=
=0.0145
K
0.4

X1 = (X2 0) = 0.0053
X2 = (X1 X*1) = (0.00038 0.0145) = 0.014

Log mean driving force =

( X 1 X 2)
ln( X 1 X 2)

0.00530.014
ln(0.00530.014)

0.0183
Mass transfer coefficient

rate of acid transfer

volumes of packing mean driving force

0.0017 mol/min
2.36 L 0.0413

= 0.0174 M/min
= 0.0174 kg/min

0.1 M of NaOH
Feed:

M1V1 = M2V2
(0.025) (0.017) = M2 (0.1)
M2 = 0.0043M

Extract:

M1V1 = M2V2
(0.025) (0.006) = M2 (0.1)
M2 = 0.0015M (Y1)

Raffinate: M1V1 = M2V2

(0.025) (0.001) = M2 (0.1)
M2 = 0.00025M (X1)

Rate of acid transfer

= Vw(Y1 0)

= 0.3 L/min (0.0015M mol/L)

= 0.00045 mol/min
V0 (X1 X2) = Vw (Y1 0)
0.3 L/min (0.00025M mol/min X2) = 0.00045 mol/min
X2 = 0.0013 M
X
Y1
K=

at

equilibrium,

assume

K=0.4

(from

experiment A)
X

Y 1 0.0015
=
=0.0038
K
0.4

X1 = (X2 0) = 0.0013
X2 = (X1 X*1) = (0.00025 0.0038) = 0.0036

Log mean driving force =

( X 1 X 2)
ln( X 1 X 2)

( 0.00130.0036)
ln(0.00130.0036)

0.00038
Mass transfer coefficient

rate of acid transfer

volumes of packing mean driving force

0.00045 mol /min

2.36 L 0.0162

= 0.0118 M/min
= 0.0118 kg/min