SPAIN

Mikhaili Toney
Form: 4R
Mrs. Ramlakhan

SPAIN
(ESPAA)

Capital: Madrid
Madrid being the capital of Spain, also holds the title for the largest city of Spain with a
population of about 3.2 million people as of July 2012. Madrid spans up to 233.3 sq mi.
Due to Madrids size and its significance to Spains history it is now the centre of
economics, politics && culture.

UN MAPA DE ESPAA
(A MAP OF SPAIN)

HEAD OF STATE
(JEFES DE ESTADO)

El Rey se llama el Sr. Felipe VI

Sir. Felipe VI is the current King Of Spain after
being succeeded to the throne on 19th June
2014 after the abdication of his father, King Juan
Carlos I.

El Rey se llama Sra.

Letizia Ortiz Rocasolano
Letizia Ortiz Rocasolano has been the
Queen of Spain since her marriage to
the current King, Sir Felipe VI, on the
22nd May, 2004.

HEAD OF
GOVERNMENT
(JEFE DE GOBIERNO)

El Primer Ministro se llama

Sr. Mariano Rajoy Brey
Mariano Rajoy Brey has been the Prime
Minister of Spain since 2011 as well as
the leader of the Peoples Party since
2004.

THE NATIONAL HYMN

(EL HIMNO NACIONAL)
The Marcha Real or the Royal March is the National Anthem of Spain. It
officially doesn't have any lyrics but is usually sang with the words:

En Espaol

In English

Viva Espaa!
Cantemos todos juntos
con distinta voz
y un solo corazn.

Long live Spain!

Let's sing together,
with different voices,
and only one heart.

Viva Espaa!
desde los verdes valles
al inmenso mar,
un himno de hermandad.

Long live Spain!

from the green valleys,
to the vast sea,
a hymn of brotherhood.

Ama a la Patria
pues sabe abrazar,
bajo su cielo azul,
pueblos en libertad.

Love the Motherland,

which embrace
the free peoples
below its blue sky.

Gloria a los hijos

que a la Historia dan
justicia y grandeza
democracia y paz.

Glory to the sons,

who have given to history,
justice and greatness,
democracy and peace.

PLACES OF INTEREST
(LOS SITIOS DE INTERS)

Santiago Bernabu Stadium

The Santiago Bernabu Stadium or the Estadio Santiago Bernabu is a 85,454
seater stadium located in Madrid, Spain. This majestic stadium was opened on
14th December, 1947. The stadium is currently owned by the Spanish football club,
Real Madrid. The Santiago Bernabu Stadium is one of the worlds most famous
and prestigious footballing venues. Making it a place of great interest.

Costa del Sol

The Costa del Sol which literally translates to the Coast of Sun is a region located
in the southern region in Spain, which comprises of large communities, beautiful
beaches & costal towns along the coastline of Mlaga. The Costa del Sol is
situated between the coastal regions of Costa de la Luz and the Costa Tropical.

Plaza de Espaa
The Plaza de Espaa which translates to the Spain Square in English is a large
plaza located in the Parque de Mara Luisa (Maria Luisa Park) in Seville, Spain. This
majestic landmark is a great example of the Renaissance Revival style present in
Spains architecture. The Plaza de Espaa was built in the year 1928 when Seville
hosted the Ibero-American Exposition Worlds Fair the following year (1929), this
monumental structure was designed by the great French architect, Jean-Claude
Nicolas Forestier.

Templo de Debod
The Templo de Debod or the Temple of Debod is an ancient temple which was
dismantled in Egypt, transported to Madrid, Spain and was rebuilt and is today a
popular site of interest to visitors and also inhibitors of Spain.

THE SPANISH CULTURE

(LA CULTURA ESPAOLA)

- MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
(LOS INSTRUMENTOS MUSICALES)

Castanets
Castanets is a percussion instrument used in Spanish music. This simple
instrument consists of a pair of concave shells, made usually of hardwood, joined
on one edge by a string, it is held by the player in one hand and used to produce
clicks for a ripping or rattling sound consisting of a rapid series of clicks. The
Castanet is typically used in a type of a Spanish folk dance known as the
Sevillanas.

Gralla
The gralla is a traditional double reed instrument which is part of oboe family. The
name of the instrument comes from the sound of the native bird of Catalonia which
inhibited North of Spain and was referred to as the Gralla as well. This instrument is
very popular because of it is the traditional instrument used during the building and
breaking down of the the human towers or castells during large ceremonies, feasts or
festivals.

Tambourines
The Tambourine, an instrument in the percussion family, consists of a frame, with pairs
of small metal jingles which are known as zils. The term Tambourine classically
denotes an instrument with a drumhead, though some tambourines, after the years of
evolution of the instrument and most of the different types created, some may not
have a head at all.

- POPULAR ACTORS
(LOS ACTORES POPULARES)

Antonio Banderas
Jos Antonio Domnguez Banderas, better known as Antonio Banderas was born on
10th August, 1960 in Mlaga, Spain. Antonio is a Spanish movie industry celebrity,
producing, directing and acting is many high-profile movies. His first high-profile
Hollywood movie appearances occurred in the 1990s in movies such as, The Mask of
Zorro, Spy Kids and Interview with the Vampire, not only did Antonio act in these
movies but he also portrayed the voice of Puss In Boots in the movie, Shrek.

Penlope Cruz
Penlope Cruz Snchez is a Spanish actress and model who was born on April
28th, 1974 in Madrid, Spain. Penlope has been active in the movie industry since
the age of 16 after being signed by an agent the prior year at age 15. Her first
feature film debuted the following year in Jamn, jamn. Since this film, Penlope
has been active in the movie industry, also attaining nominations for the Golden
Globe and the Academy Award. She won the Academy Award for Best Supporting
Actress in 2008.

Elsa Pataky
Elsa Lafuente Medianu is a Spanish born actress, model and film producer who was
born in Madrid, Spain on 18th July, 1976. Elsa Pataky made her first movie
appearance in the movie, Solo en la buhardilla. Due to her great acting performance
in this movie she was well requested by other foreign directors and was forced to
begin doing English movies. Her most popular appearances are in the Fast & Furious
movie series (2011, 2013 & 2015) as well as in Thor (2013).

- TYPICAL FOODS
(LA COMIDA TPICA)

Empanadas
Empanadas are stuffed bread or pastry baked or fried. The name of this dish comes
from the Spanish verb empanar which means to wrap or coat in bread. These
Empanadas are made by stuffing folded dough or bread with a variety of meat,
cheese, vegetables & fruits.

Ingredients
Desired meat (usually pork
or beef)
Onions
Jalepenos (preferable)
Chili Powder
Tomatoes
Salt & Ground Pepper
Flour
Baking Powder
Eggs
Butter

Escudella
Escudella or Escudella i carn dolla is a traditional soup or stew which originates
from the Catalan culture. It gets most of its flavor from a large meatball spiced
with parsley and garlic; it also consists of vegetables such as celery, cabbage,
carrots. Additionally, smoked bone, sausages and other flavorful meats are
added to the stew.

Ingredients
White beans
Ham Bone
Chicken Thighs
Pork Sausage
Pasta Shells
Salt & Pepper

- NATIONAL DISH
(EL PLATO NACIONAL)

Paella
Paella is a rice dish which originated from Valencia, on the east coast of Spain.
There are variations of this dish, the main three variations are the: Valencian paella,
the seafood paella, and mixed paella. The main recipe consists of white rice, green
beans, meat, white beans and seasonings such as saffron and rosemary.

Ingredients
Desired Meat
Salt & Black Pepper
Rice
Green Beans
Garlic
Onions
Saffron

- TYPICAL DRINK
(LA BEBIDA TPICAS)

Sangria
Sangria is a popular beverage in Spain and also in parts of Portugal. This famous
beverage normally consists of wine, chopped fruit which can be orange, lemon,
lime, apple, peach, melon, berries, pineapples or mango, a sweetener (honey,
sugar, syrup or orange juice) , and a small amount of brandy (type of alcohol).

COLOMBIA

COLOMBIA

Capital: Bogot
Bogot, the capital of Colombia, is a metropolitan area which includes many
towns such as Tenjo, Tabio, Cota, Chia and many more large towns which
contributes to the large population of around 46 million inhabitants. In terms of

Population: 46,245,297
As of July 2014, it has been recorded that Colombia has a population of 46, 245,
297.

UN MAPA DE COLOMBIA
(A MAP OF COLOMBIA)

HEAD OF STATE
(JEFES DE ESTADO)

El Presidente se llama el Sr. Juan Santos

Sir Juan Manuel Santos is the current president of the
Republic of Colombia after being appointed in office on 7th
August, 2010. Sir. Juan Carlos was born on August 10th,
1951 and is currently the 32nd President of Colombia.

THE NATIONAL HYMN

(EL HIMNO NACIONAL)
The official name of the National Hymn of Colombia is the, Himno Nacional
de la Repblica de Colombia (National Anthem of the Republic of
Colombia) the commonly known name is the, Oh gloria inmarcesible!
which literally translates to O Unfading Glory

En Espaol
Ces la horrible noche.
La libertad sublime
derrama las auroras
de su invencible luz.
La humanidad entera,
que entre cadenas gime,
comprende las palabras
del que muri en la cruz.
"Independencia!", grita
el mundo americano.
Se baa en sangre de hroes
la tierra de Coln.
Pero este gran principio;
"El rey no es soberano
resuena, y los que sufren
bendicen su pasin.

In English
The dreadful night has ceased.
Sublime Liberty
beams forth the dawn
of her invincible light.
All of humanity
that groans within its chains,
understands the words
of he who died on the cross.
"Independence!" shouts
the American world;
The land of Columbus.
Is bathed in heroes' blood.
But this great doctrine;
"The king is not the sovereign",
resounds, and those who suffer
bless their passion.

Del Orinoco el cauce

se colma de despojos,
de sangre y llanto un ro
se mira all correr.
En Brbula no saben
las almas ni los ojos,
si admiracin o espanto
sentir o padecer.

The Orinoco's bed

Is heaped with plunder,
Of blood and tears
A river is seen to flow.
In Brbula
neither souls nor eyes,
know whether admiration to feel
or fear to suffer.

A orillas del Caribe,

hambriento un pueblo lucha,
horrores prefiriendo
a prfida salud.
Oh, s!, de Cartagena
la abnegacin es mucha,
y escombros de la muerte
desprecia su virtud.

On the shores of the Caribbean,

a famished people fight,
preferring horror
to fickle health.
O, aye! from Cartagena
heavy is the hardship,
and death's rubble her virtue
disdains

De Boyac en los campos,

el genio de la gloria,
con cada espiga un hroe
invicto coron.
Soldados sin coraza
ganaron la victoria;
su varonil aliento
de escudo les sirvi.

From Boyac in the fields,

the genius of glory,
from every sprig a hero
was crowned undefeated.
Soldiers without armor
won the victory;
their virile spirit
served them as a shield.

Bolvar cruza el Ande

que riegan dos ocanos,
espadas cual centellas
fulguran en Junn.
Centauros indomables
descienden a los llanos,
y empieza a presentirse,
de la epopeya el fin.

Bolvar crosses the Andes

bathed by two oceans,
swords as though sparks
flash in Junn.
Indomitable centaurs
descend to the plains,
and a premonition begins to be
felt,
of the epic's end.

La trompa victoriosa
en Ayacucho truena,
que en cada triunfo crece
su formidable son.
En su expansivo empuje
la libertad se estrena,
del cielo americano
formando un pabelln.

The victorious trumpet

in Ayacucho loudly thunders,
as in every triumph grows
its formidable sound.
In its expansive thrust
Liberty is first felt,
from the American sky
forming a pavilion.

La virgen sus cabellos

arranca en agona
y de su amor viuda
los cuelga del ciprs.
Lamenta su esperanza
que cubre loza fra,
pero glorioso orgullo
circunda su alba tez.

In agony, the Virgin

Tears out her hair,
and bereft of her love,
leaves it to hang on a cypress.
Regretting her hope
covered by a cold headstone,
but glorious pride
hallows her fair skin.

La patria as se forma,
termpilas brotando;
constelacin de cclopes
su noche ilumin.
La flor estremecida
mortal el viento
hallando,
debajo los laureles
seguridad busc.

Thus the motherland is formed,

Thermopylaes bursting forth;
a constellation of cyclops
the night did brighten.
The trembling flower
finding the wind mortal,
underneath the laurels
safety sought.

Mas no es completa gloria

vencer en la batalla,
que el brazo que combate
lo anima la verdad.
La independencia sola
el gran clamor no acalla;
si el sol alumbra a todos,
justicia es libertad.

But it's not complete glory

to defeat in battle,
the arm that fights
is encouraged by truth.
For independence alone
The great clamour doesn't silence;
if the sun shines on everyone,
justice is liberty.

SITIOS DE INTERS
(PLACES OF INTEREST)

Lake Guatavita
Lake Guatavita is a circular lake approximately a quarter mile in diameter, formed by
a crater. Its located 35 miles north-east of Bogot. It is believed that the crater was
formed from the impact of a meteorite or is a volcanic cylinder, theories such as this

Gold Museum (El Museo del Oro)

The Gold Museum is a museum located in Bogot, which displays the largest
collection of Pre Hispanic gold work in the world, as well as pottery, wood, shell
and and textile archaeological objects. These objects are made of what was
considered sacred metal to the indigenous people that inhabited Colombia
before contact with Europe was made.

Tayrona National Natural Park

(Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona)

The Tyron National Natural Park is a biodiverse endemic area, located in the
Colombian northern Caribbean region. The park covers approximately 30
square kilometers (12 sq mi.) of maritime area in the Caribbean Sea and
approximately 150 square kilometers (58 sq mi.) of land. In the year, 2012, it was
the second most visited national park in Colombia. This parks vast beauty and
size, makes it a site of interest for people on Colombian soil.

THE SPANISH CULTURE

(LA CULTURA ESPAOLA)

- MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
(LOS INSTRUMENTOS MUSICALES)

Accordion
Accordions are box-shaped instrument, played by the compressing or expanding
of the bellows on the instrument while pressing buttons or keys, causing the valves
to open, which allow for the passage of air across strips of brass or steel, which are
known as reeds, which then vibrate to produce the sound. In Colombia the
Accordion is a very popular instrument in music like Sertanejo.

Caja Vallenata

The Caja Vallenata or better known as the caja, is a drum similar to a tambora. The
Caja is one of the three main of traditional instruments of the Vallenato music,
which is a type of popular folk
music of Colombia. The word,
caja is the slang word used for this

Caa de millo
The caa de millo or the flauta de millo is a type of woodwind instrument which
was used by the indigenous people in the cumbia music, which is now a popular
genre of music in Colombia and other Latin America countries. This instrument is
made of carrizo cane which is a very strong type of grass as well as palm, millet,
sorghum and a tube is then open at both ends, with a reed and four fingerholes.

- POPULAR ACTORS
(LOS ACTORES POPULARES)

Sofa Vergara
Sofa Margarita Vergara was born in Barranquilla, Colombia on July 10th, 1972.
Sofa grew up to become a famous actress, producer, television host, model and
comedienne. She began her acting career in 2003 and has continued with a
successful carrer acting in movies such as, The Smurfs, Escape From Planet Earth
and Machete Kills, winning many Golden Globe awards for her talents.

John Leguizamo
John Alberto Leguizamo is a Colombian actor, producer and comedian who was
born in July 22nd, 1964. During the course of his career, John has appeared in
over 75 films and has produced over 10 films. John began his acting career in
1986 in Miami Vice, he went on to continue a very successful career.

- TYPICAL FOODS
(LA COMIDA TPICA)

Ajiaco
Ajiaco is a popular dish in Bogot, Colombia typically made with chicken and a
variety of potatoes and herbs, its a type of soup which can vary in its ingredients
depending on where the dish is being made.

Ingredients
Chicken
Onion
Salt & Pepper
Potatoes
Fresh Corn
Onions
Olive Oil
Garlic

Buuelos
Buuelos is popular snack in Colombia and other Latin America countries. They are
fried dough balls and is traditionally made at Christmas and Ramadan, usually
topped off with a filling and is sometimes served with a syrup.

Ingredients
Flour
Baking Powder
Salt
Sugar
Eggs
Milk
Butter

- NATIONAL DISH
(EL PLATO NACIONAL)

Bandeja Paisa
Bandeja Paisa which is the National Dish of Colombia is a traditional dish from
the Paisa region of Colombia, consists of red beans, white rice, ground beef,
plantain and a fried egg.

Ingredients
Eggs
Red Beans
White Rice
Ground Beef
Avocado
Salt & Pepper

- TYPICAL DRINK
(LA BEBIDA TPICAS)

Aguapanela
Aguapanela which is a popular drink in Colombia, literally translates to, panela water
and this beverage is an infusion of water and panela which is hardened sugar cane
pulp. The panela is stirred in water until it is fully dissolved and either lime or lemon is
added.