(capacity100kg)

(capacity320kg)

Fluidbeddryer

Aeromatic

Solace

Finalmixer

BHOLEmixer

Notpresent

Solacemultimill.

Onlyoneavailableforproduction

Russelshifter.

Onlyoneavailableforproduction

Types of granulation:
Threetypesofgranulationtechniquesareused

Drygranulation
Wetgranulations
Spraygranulation

Dry granulation:
Thismethodisappliedfordrugswhichdonotcompresswellafterwetgranulationorthose
whicharesensitivetomoisture.Itmaybeperformedfollowingtwoways

Inplanttrainingreport.

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Processone:
1. Weighing.

Processtwo:
1. Weighing.

2. Shifting.

2. Shifting.

3. Drymixing.

3. Drymixing.

4. Additionofdisintegrants.

4. compressiontoformslug.

5. Lubrication.

5. Additionofdisintegrants.
6. Lubrication.

Wet granulation:
Wetgranulationinvolvesthemassingofthepowdermixusingasolvent.Thesolventsusedmust
bevolatile,sothattheycanberemovedbydrying,andnontoxic.
Stepsinvolved:
1)Weighing.

5)Drying.

2)Shifting.

6)Crushing.

3)Drymixing.

7)Additionofdisintegrants.

4)Wetmixing.

8)Lubrication.

Spray granulation:
This technique utilizes the technology of fluid bed drier. Heated air is blown through a bed of
unmixedpowdersandmixesthepowders.Granulatingliquidispumpedthroughaspraynozzle
overtheparticle.


Limitations and solutions:

Multimillandshifterfrequentlyusedingranulationtechnique.ProductionAandproductionB
usethesetwoinstrumentsbyshifting.Itreducesproductivity.

Solution:
Toincreaseproductivitytheseinstrumentsareessentialinbothareas.
Inplanttrainingreport.

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Nofinalmixer(e.g.BHOLEMIXER)presentinproductionareaBwhichisessentialforquality
product.

Solution:
Itisessentialtoinstallafinalmixer.

Compression:
Compressionofpowdermeansreductioninbulkvolumeofamaterialasaresultofdisplacement
ofthegaseousphase.Compressiontechniqueusedforthemanufactureoftablet.

Machines available:
Manestry(unipress):
singlerotary,20punch.
Clitmachine:doublerotary,29punch.
SeJongt abletmachine:
singlerotary,30punch.

Tablet machine parts:

Hopper.

Maincompressionroller.

Fedframe.

Compressionsration.

Feedpaddles.

Ejectioncam.

Feedpaddles.

Ejectioncam.

Drawdowncam.

Takeoffblade.

WeightcontrollerFillstation.

Ejectionstation.

Precompressionroller.

Takeoffchute.

Stages of compression:

1. Feedframeoverdie.
2. Fill.
3. Scrapping.

4. Feedshoepullback.
5. Compression.
6. Ejection

Inplanttrainingreport.

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Tablet manufacture problem:

Punchfilmingandsticking.

Highfriability.

Weightvariation.

Lowhardness.

Capping/lamination.

Variablehardness.

Mottling.

Bisectionorembossing.

Limitations and solution:

Vacuum system used in both Clit and SeJong tablet machine to introduce granules, that
reducetherequirementofmanpower&increaseproductivitybutitproducedustparticlewhich
contaminateenvironment.Manestrytabletmachinehasnosuchproblem.

Solution:
Automatic hopper as Manestry may be used or protective covering my use to prevent dust
formation.

weightoftabletdigitallycontrolledinbothManestryandSeJongtabletmachinethatreduce
weightvariationandalsoeasytocontrolthanclitmachinewhichismanuallycontrolled.

Solution:
Establishment of digitally control system for Clit machine, granules that have better flowing
propertymaybecompressedwithoutanyweightvariation.

Precompression roller reduce the air inside the granules, that reduce cracking problem

absentinclitmachine.

Solution:
Granuleswithbettercompressibilitycanbeeasilycompressed.Ifproblem(Cracking)ariseswith
thismachinedirectcompression(LudipressLCE)agentmaybeused.

Tablet coating
Inplanttrainingreport.

Page8of40

Itistheprocessbywhichalayerofpolymerorsugarappliedoncoretabletforvariousreasonsis
calledcoating.

Types:
o
o
o
o

Sugarcoating.
Filmcoating.
Powdercoating.
Entericcoating.

Coating machines:
Manestryaccelacota(capacity150kg)

SeJong(capacity150kg)
NRcota(capacity30kg)

Sugar coating:
Sugarcoatingisthetraditionalmethodofcoatingtablet.Itinvolvesthesuccessiveapplicationof
sucrosebasedsolutionstotabletcoresinsuitablecoatingequipment.

Steps:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Actualsteps

Sealingofthetabletcores.
Subcoating.
Smoothing.
Coloring.
Polishing.
Printing.

Usedsteps
1.
2.
3.
4.

Applicationofliquorsolution.
Applicationoftalcsolution.
Coloring.
Polishing.

6. Printing.

Limitations and solutions:

Inplanttrainingreport.

Page9of40

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