SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION

General :- The client Ramos Vaccine Laboratories SA wish to carry

out expansion of their existing facilities at Managua, in district vi has
the following address 6km north west side road adjoining the
Agricorp-Gemma.
Companies: - North Pan-American Highway Tennis Spring Barrio.
South: - German Nicaragua Hospital Havee ste.
AL Facilities Company Agricorp
West Facilities National Company ENAP Ports
The lab building consists of Ground, Part Mezzanine floor, First
and Terrace floors.
The purpose of this document is to compile data required for
analysis, design and detailing of all structural steel and RCC
elements viz Foundation, shear walls, columns, beams and
slabs.
It is intended to develop a structural scheme such that the
proposed structure is able to satisfy architectural and service
requirements and also meet durability, longevity and aesthetic
criterias.
The structural system essentially hybrid consisting of RCC
shear walls mostly along the building periphery steel columns in
the interiors, steel beams at all levels and concrete slabs with
rebars poured over decking sheets.
The shear walls along the periphery resist major portion of
seismic loads.
It is also intended to formulate a scheme such that it is possible
to construct a sound, economically feasible structure confirming
to international standards. At the same time it is also intended to
establish a structural system which is structurally efficient as far
as lateral deflections, torsional displacements and secondary
stresses are concerned.

This report is envisaged to lay design requirements to establish

design philosophy and basis to be adopted in the design of the
building.

SECTION 2 STRUCTURE
2.1 Location:- The client Ramos Vaccine Laboratories SA wish to
carry out expansion of their existing facilities at Managua, in district
vi has the following address 6km north west side road adjoining the
Agricorp-Gemma.
Companies: - North Pan-American Highway Tennis Spring Barrio.
South: - German Nicaragua Hospital Havee ste.
AL Facilities Company Agricorp
West Facilities National Company ENAP Ports

I.

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROJECT

3.1 Project Name and Location

The construction project of the expansion of RAMOS laboratories

located in the city of Managua, in District VI. Has the following
address 6 km north west side road adjoining the AGRICORP-GEMINA

Companies:North. North Panamerican highway Tennis spring

Barrio
South: German Nicaraguan Hospital HAVEEste..
Al Facilities Company AGRICORP
West: Facilities . National company ENAP ports

within the following geographical coordinates:

Table N0. 1: Geographical coordinates proyecto(UTM)

ID

585040

1343041

585024

1343052

585027

1343066

585021

1343066

585025

1343105

585029

1343164

585050

1343162

585049

1343156

585054

1343155

2.2 Soil Data:The soil report indicates soil of above 170 KN/m safe bearing
capacity to design the building foundations at a depth of about 2m
from the existing ground level.
Soil report is attached for the reference with this mail in pdf
format.
2.3 Structural system:The site under reference falls in area of high seismic activity.
The structural system comprises of raft footing at the box,
shear walls, concrete pedestals to receive structural steel columns
of super structure, steel beam framework connected to columns.

The floor comprises of reinforced concrete slabs laid over decking

sheets. The decking sheet are connected to beams by studs.
All connections between beams and beam to column are bolted
connections.
The shear walls are placed along the building periphery to
resist major portion of seismic loads.
2.3.1 Foundations:As per the footings of soil report safe bearing capacity available
at 2m depth is about 170 KN/m which indicates loose soil.
The site under reference falls in area of frequent and high
intensity earthquakes.
The shear walls resist the major portion of lateral seismic loads
as a result. Large moments are developed at the base of shear walls.
To optimize the foundation designs and to control settlements
single raft foundation is proposed with variable depths.
2.3.2 Super structure:The super structure comprises of concrete shear walls,
structural steel columns tied with steel beams. The flooring
comprises of concrete slabs with rebar poured over decking sheets.
All connections between beams, beams and column are bolted
connections.
2.4 Structural standards and codes:In the analysis, design and detailing of the building, the latest
editions of following British Standards will be referred.
British Code
BS 8110-1:1997(Part-1)
BS 5950-1:1990

Description
Code of Practice for design and
construction-Structural
use
of
Concrete
Structural Use of Steel Works in
Building Part-1. Code of Practice
for
design
in
Simple
and
Continuous Construction: Hot rolled
sections

BS 5950-2:1990

BS4-1:2005
BS EN 10056-1: 1999
BS 4190:2001
UBC 1997

Structural Use of Steel Works in

Building Part-2. Specification for
materials,Fabrications and erection:
Hot rolled sections
Dimensions and properties of
standard sections for Universal
beams
Dimensions and properties of
standard Angle sections
ISO Metric Black hexagon bolts
-Specifications
Design Provisions for Seismic
Resistance of Structures

2.5 Construction materials:The building is Steel frame structure with Steel columns and few
RCC shear walls, Steel Beams and RCC floor slabs.
a) Cement: - Ordinary Portland cement of 53 grade is proposed
which may be locally available or imported confirming to local
authorities requirements.
b) Structural steel:- structural steel shall be of grade Fy
550N/mm confirming to British standard preferably CORUS
c) Reinforcement steel:- steel rebars of strength Fe 500 (yield
stress = 500N / mm2) shall be used.
d) Concrete:- Concrete grade shall be C30 having cube strength of
30 N/mm at 28 days. Concrete of Grade M15 shall be used in filling,
plum concrete, leveling etc.
e) Aggregates:- May be locally procured with metal 1 average size
not exceeding 12mm and metal 2 average size not exceeding
20mm.
f) Plasticizers:- Approved plasticizers of Roffe,ciba, bosch as may
be available may be used to improve workability.

g) Finite Aggregates: -Locally available quartz sand is proposed

to be used.
h) Walls:- Locally available or imported light weight blocks / panels
may be used for walls.
2.6 Fire resistance:
All members are designed to withstand fire for a period of minimum
2 hours .Cover to concrete rebars is provided as per BS 8110-1:1997
as per table 3.4.
Exposed structural steel members shall be provided with locally
available and approved fire retardant paint which shall resist fire for
2 hours.

SECTION 3 LOADING
3.1 Dead Load:Self-weight of the structural members is considered on the basis of
the following properties.
Structural Members
Density
in
KN/cu.m
Reinforced Concrete
25 KN/cu.m
Plain Concrete
24 KN/cu.m
Structural Steel
78.5 KN/cu.m
Dry Soil
18 KN/cu.m
3.2 Live (Imposed) Load:The following are the imposed gravity loads adopted in addition to
the self weight.
(Self-weight of slabs/beams/columns will be as per the dimensions
adopted in the respective drawings.
(i) Self-Weight of Different Walls
Wall Type
Thickness (mm)
External Wall
200
Internal Partition Wall
150
(ii) Ground Floor
Load Component

Thickness (mm)

Weight (kN/m2)
3.57
2.7
UDL (kN/m2)

Finishes
Live Load

50

1.5
15.0

(iii) Mezzanine Floor

Load Component
Thickness (mm)
Finishes
75
Live Load (with
services)

UDL (kN/m2)
1.50
6.5

(iii) First Floor

Load Component
Finishes
Live Load (with
services)

UDL (kN/m2)
1.50
8.0

(iv) Terraces
Load Component
Brick bat filling laid
to slope
Live Load (in
general with
services)
Live Load (at
specified location
with services)
(vii) Staircases
Load Component
Steps
Finishes
Live Load

Thickness (mm)
75

Thickness (mm)
225 (average)

UDL (kN/m2)
4.5
4.00
10.0

Thickness (mm)
150 (Riser)/
300 (Tread)
50

UDL (kN/m2)
1.875
1.5
3.0

3.3 Seismic Loads/ Earthquake Loads:The seismic load calculations will be carried out in accordance with
UBC-1997 As per this code, for Managua, Nicaragua,
Zone factor Z = 0.4
Importance factor = 1
Numerical coefficient R for lateral load in X-direction =8.5
Numerical coefficient R for lateral load in Z-direction =8.5
Near Source factor Na = 1.3

Near Source factor Nv = 1.6

Soil profile type = 4 (Soft Soil)
Optional CT value to calculate time period based on method A =
0.6
Damping has been assumed as 5%.
The 50% live load has been considered while calculating the seismic
weight on each floor level.
3.4 Wind loads
Wind analysis is carried out as per BS6399-2:1997
Standard method is used to calculate wind force .the force so
calculated is applied as horizontal separate load caseas point loads.
Appropriate safety factors have been assigned in load combinations
as per BS codal requirements.
Below mentioned assumptions have been made in the absence of
majority data from clients.
Building type factor
= Kb =4
(Table 1 page 9)
Dyanamic augmentation factor
= Cr = 0.09
(Figure 3
page 10)
Ground roughness
=Country
(Page 9)
Height of the building
= 13.8
m
(as per
arch.dwgs)
Wind force calculation method = Standard Method
Dyanamic pressure
=qs = 0.613Ve2 (2.1.2 page 13)
Effective wind speed
= ve = vs x sb
(2.2.3 page
27)
Site wind speed
= vs = vb x sa x sd x ss x sp
(2.2.2 page 18)
Basic wind speed
= vb = 15 m/s
(48 km/hr)
Altitude factor
= sa = 1.056
(2.2.2.2page 20)
Direction factor
= sd = East (0.74) (2.2.2.3
page 27)
Seasonal factor
= ss = 1
(2.2.2.4
page 27)
Probability factor
= sp = 1
(2.2.2.5 page 27)
Terrain factor
= sb = 1.8332
(Table 4 page 28)
External pressure coefficients
=
cpe=+0.85(front)and
-0.5(back) (Table 5 page 31)
External surface pressure
= pe = qs x cpe x ca (2.1.3.1
page 13)

Dynamic pressure
= qs =516.88 pa3
13)
Size effect factor
= ca = 0.89
page 14)
Internal surface pressure
= pi = qs x cpi x ca
Internal pressure coefficients
= cpi =-0.3
53)
Net surface pressure
1) For enclosed building
= P = pe-pi

(2.1.2 page
(2.1.3.4
(2.6 page

Wind force = P = p x A
p = net pressure across surface
A = loaded area

SECTION 4 DESIGN CRITERIA

4.1, 4.2 Design Concept And Analysis:Approach To Analysis of Building
Modeling and Analysis Using STAAD Pro-2007
The 3-D geometrical model of the structure is generated in such a
manner that it geometrically and functionally represents the actual
building structure. The model is idealized in such a manner that the
various structural elements depict the correct behavior when
subjected to various vertical and lateral forces.
The horizontal wind loads and seismic forces are assigned
as nodal loads at the column beam junction node at each floor level.
This ensures the correct distribution of the lateral forces to the
various shear walls/frames depending on their relative stiffness. The

shear walls have been idealized as column by column Analog

Method.
The computer analyses the frame for the effect of different
horizontal and vertical loads.
The results so obtained are
algebraically added to get different load combination as permissible
by BS Codes.
The load combinations so obtained are used to analyses the
behavior of the structure for sway, deflection, support, reactions,
member end forces and thus ultimately used to obtain the member
design.
4.3, 4.4 Factor Of Safety And Load Combinations:The results obtained from the computer analysis in the form of
member forces and reactions will be used for design the structural
members. Following load combinations of the member forces will be
considered for arriving at the design forces.
1:- ( Structural Steel Members)
LOAD COMB 13 *(DL+LL)
3 1.5 4 1.5 5 1.7 6 1.5
LOAD COMB 22 *(DL+WA+LL+SEISMICX)
3 1.32 4 1.32 5 1.1 6 1.32 1 1.1
LOAD COMB 23 *(DL+WA+LL+SEISMIC-X)
3 1.32 4 1.32 5 1.1 6 1.32 1 -1.1
LOAD COMB 24 *(DL+WA+LL+SEISMICZ)
3 1.32 4 1.32 5 1.1 6 1.32 2 1.1
LOAD COMB 25 *(DL+WA+LL+SEISMIC-Z)
3 1.32 4 1.32 5 1.1 6 1.32 2 -1.1
LOAD COMB 26 *(DL+WA+LL+SPECX)
3 1.32 4 1.32 5 1.1 6 1.32 7 1.1
LOAD COMB 27 *(DL+WA+LL+SPEC-X)

3 1.32 4 1.32 5 1.1 6 1.32 7 -1.1

LOAD COMB 28 *(DL+WA+LL+SPECZ)
3 1.32 4 1.32 5 1.1 6 1.32 8 1.1
LOAD COMB 29 *(DL+WA+LL+SPEC-Z)
3 1.32 4 1.32 5 1.1 6 1.32 8 -1.1
LOAD COMB 30 *(DL+WA+SEISMICX)
3 0.99 4 0.99 6 0.99 1 1.1
LOAD COMB 31 *(DL+WA+SEISMIC-X)
3 0.99 4 0.99 6 0.99 1 -1.1
LOAD COMB 32 *(DL+WA+SEISMICZ)
3 0.99 4 0.99 6 0.99 2 1.1
LOAD COMB 33 *(DL+WA+SEISMIC-Z)
3 0.99 4 0.99 6 0.99 2 -1.1
LOAD COMB 34 *(DL+WA+SPECX)
3 0.99 4 0.99 6 0.99 7 1.1
LOAD COMB 35 *(DL+WA+SPEC-X)
3 0.99 4 0.99 6 0.99 7 -1.1
LOAD COMB 36 *(DL+WA+SPECZ)
3 0.99 4 0.99 6 0.99 8 1.1
LOAD COMB 37 *(DL+WA+SPEC-Z)
3 0.99 4 0.99 6 0.99 8 -1.1

2:- ( Reinforced Concrete Members)

LOAD COMB 38 *(DL+LL)
3 1.4 4 1.4 5 1.6 6 1.4
*************

LOAD COMB 39 *(DL+WA+ 1.4SEISMICX)

3 1.0 4 1.0 6 1.0 1 1.4
LOAD COMB 40 *(DL+WA+LL+1.4SEISMIC-X)
3 1.0 4 1.0 6 1.0 1 -1.4
LOAD COMB 41 *(DL+WA+LL+1.4SEISMICZ)
3 1.0 4 1.0 6 1.0 2 1.4
LOAD COMB 42 *(DL+WA+LL+1.4SEISMIC-Z)
3 1.0 4 1.0 6 1.0 2 -1.4
LOAD COMB 43 *(1.4DL+WA+ 1.4SEISMICX)
3 1.4 4 1.4 6 1.4 1 1.4
LOAD COMB 44 *(1.4DL+WA+1.4SEISMIC-X)
3 1.4 4 1.4 6 1.4 1 -1.4
LOAD COMB 45 *(1.4DL+WA+1.4SEISMICZ)
3 1.4 4 1.4 6 1.4 2 1.4
LOAD COMB 46 *(1.4DL+WA+1.4SEISMIC-Z)
3 1.4 4 1.4 6 1.4 2 -1.4
LOAD COMB 47 *(1.2DL+WA+LL+1.2SEISMICX)
3 1.2 4 1.2 5 1.2 6 1.2 1 1.2
LOAD COMB 48 *(1.4DL+WA+LL+1.2SEISMIC-X)
3 1.2 4 1.2 5 1.2 6 1.2 1 -1.2
LOAD COMB 49 *(1.2DL+WA+1.2SEISMICZ)
3 1.2 4 1.2 5 1.2 6 1.2 2 1.2
LOAD COMB 50 *(1.2DL+WA+1.2SEISMIC-Z)
3 1.2 4 1.2 5 1.2 6 1.2 2 -1.2
************
LOAD COMB 51 *(DL+WA+ 1.4SPECX)

3 1.0 4 1.0 6 1.0 7 1.4

LOAD COMB 52 *(DL+WA+LL+1.4SPEC-X)
3 1.0 4 1.0 6 1.0 7 -1.4
LOAD COMB 53 *(DL+WA+LL+1.4SPECZ)
3 1.0 4 1.0 6 1.0 8 1.4
LOAD COMB 54 *(DL+WA+LL+1.4SPEC-Z)
3 1.0 4 1.0 6 1.0 8 -1.4
LOAD COMB 55 *(1.4DL+WA+ 1.4SPECX)
3 1.4 4 1.4 6 1.4 7 1.4
LOAD COMB 56 *(1.4DL+WA+1.4SPEC-X)
3 1.4 4 1.4 6 1.4 7 -1.4
LOAD COMB 57 *(1.4DL+WA+1.4SPECZ)
3 1.4 4 1.4 6 1.4 8 1.4
LOAD COMB 58 *(1.4DL+WA+1.4SPEC-Z)
3 1.4 4 1.4 6 1.4 8 -1.4
LOAD COMB 59 *(1.2DL+WA+LL+1.2SPECX)
3 1.2 4 1.2 5 1.2 6 1.2 7 1.2
LOAD COMB 60 *(1.4DL+WA+LL+1.2SPECX)
3 1.2 4 1.2 5 1.2 6 1.2 7 -1.2
LOAD COMB 61 *(1.2DL+WA+1.2SPECZ)
3 1.2 4 1.2 5 1.2 6 1.2 8 1.2
LOAD COMB 62 *(1.2DL+WA+1.2SPEC-Z)
3 1.2 4 1.2 5 1.2 6 1.2 8 -1.2
2) Load combination for wind load for steel and concrete
LOAD COMB 101 *(1.4DL+1.4Wx)
3 1.4 4 1.4 6 1.4 91.4

LOAD COMB 102 *(1.4DL-1.4Wx)

3 1.4 4 1.4 6 1.4 101.4
LOAD COMB 103 *(1.4DL+1.4Wz)
3 1.4 4 1.4 6 1.4 111.4
LOAD COMB 104 *(1.4DL-1.4Wz)
3 1.4 4 1.4 6 1.4 121.4
LOAD COMB 105 *(1.2DL+1.2LL+1.2Wx)
3 1.2 4 1.2 6 1.2 5 1.2 9 1.2
LOAD COMB 106 *(1.2DL+1.2LL-1.2Wx)
3 1.2 4 1.2 6 1.2 5 1.2 10 1.2
LOAD COMB 107 *(1.2DL+1.2LL+1.2Wz)
3 1.2 4 1.2 6 1.2 5 1.2 11 1.2
LOAD COMB 107 *(1.2DL+1.2LL-1.2Wz)
3 1.2 4 1.2 6 1.2 5 1.2 12 1.2

DL

WA
LL

Dead load includes wall load, self weight

Wall Load( Dead Load)

Live Load

SeismicX

Earthquake load in X direction

Seismicz =

Earthquake load in Z direction

SpecX

Earthquake load in X direction (Spectrum X)

Specz

Earthquake load in Z direction (Spectrum Z)

Wx

Wind load in X direction

Wz

Wind load in Z direction

X & Z are the mutually perpendicular horizontal axis.Y is the axis

perpendicular to the plan of the building.
All members will be designed for the critical value of the design
forces obtained due to positive as well as negative values of
reversible forces ( Earthquake)
4.5 Detailing Of Reinforcement:Detailing of all Rcc members that is raft foundation, shear walls and
plinth beams is as per BS 8110-1:1997(Part-1).