CHAPTER 7 REVIEW GUIDE

USE THIS TO HELP YOU NAVIGATE THE CHAPTERS. WRITE YOUR ANSWERS
DOWN AND USE THIS TO COMPLETE THE CHAPTER REVIEW GUIDE QUIZ
(WHICH, BY THE WAY, IS 30 OF THE EXACT SAME QUESTIONS!!)
THE GEOGRAPHIC SETTING
1) The Democratic Republic of Congo was once known as:
Zaire
PHYSICAL PATTERNS
2) The word used to describe the long cliffs between Africas plateau and coast is:
Escarpments
3) The band of atmospheric currents that circle the globe roughly around the equator is
known as the:
Intertropical Convergence Zone
4) The triangular peninsula that juts out from northeastern Africa below the Red Sea is
known as the:
Horn of Africa
5) What is the name for the region on the southern fringe of the Sahara where steppe
and savanna grasses grow?
Sahel
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
6) What practice is being adopted in recognition of the rapid loss of forests that
emphasizes economically useful trees to take the pressure off of old-growth forests?
Agroforestry
7) Name the primary energy source for households and industries in sub-Saharan
Africa.
Fuelwood

8) What practice do most sub-Saharan Africans practice that involves alternating the
use of fields between cultivation and grazing?
Subsistence Agriculture
9) What is the name of the African region that runs south along the Sahara and is
threatened by desertification?
Sahel
10)What is the name used in the book for the process in which moist areas become
increasingly more arid?

Desertification
11) What is the name of the type of tourism fostered by African countries used to
promote wildlife conservation?
Ecotourism
HUMAN PATTERNS OVER TIME
12)On what continent did the first humans evolve and eventually begin to cultivate
plants?
Africa
13)What present-day African country was a site of a large civilization with many stone
buildings, a mining operation, and agricultural development in the fifteenth century?
Zimbabwe
14)Due to trading relations with Southwest and South Asia, society in many ancient
cities in West and East Africa reflected the influence of what religion?
Islam
15)To what use were most African slaves put after being purchased from European
slave traders in the Americas?
Southern Plantations

16)Name the world region that was the destination for most of the slaves extracted from
Africa during the European slave trade.
America
17)Name one of the only two African countries that retained their independence during
the period of European colonization.
Liberia and Ethiopia
18)What country was Africas first republic, founded by freed slaves from the American
South?
Liberia
19)What was the name of the policy in South Africa, enacted in 1948 and thrown out in
1994, that fortified the racial segregation of its population, much to the detriment of
blacks?
Apartheid
20)In brief terms, what was apartheid meant to accomplish while it was official
government policy in South Africa between 1948 and 1994?
Create markets in Africa for European Manufactured goods.
21)By what name were the first Dutch immigrant farmers to South Africa called?
Boers
22)Against what colonial power did Boer Nationalists fight in the Boer War?
Britain
23)What is the most recent country in sub-Saharan Africa to gain independence?
Eritrea in 1993
24)Who was the first president of South Africa after white minority rule ended?
Nelson Mandela

ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL ISSUES

25)A raw material that is traded is known as a(n):
Commodity
26) Name one of the two institutions that have promoted the introduction of structural
adjustment programs as a means of solving the debt crisis in sub-Saharan Africa.
IMF and the World Bank
27)What policy, often part of a structural adjustment package, did many sub-Saharan
African states enact in order to lower the price of their exports on world markets?
Currency Devaluation
28)The formation of SADC and ECOWAS are examples of what type of economic
development strategy?
Regional Integration
29)A program to equip women with low-tech modes of transport such as bicycles might
be an example of what type of economic strategy discussed in the textbook?
Grassroots economic development or Self-Reliant Development
30)By what local means are most goods transported in rural Africa?
Walking
DEMOCRATIZATION AND CONFLICT
31)What oil-rich West African country is the most populous among all countries in subSaharan Africa?
Nigeria
32)According to the textbook, what countrys history is filled with conflict between
various ethnic groups such as the Hausa, Yoruba, and Igbo, now amplified by oil
profiteering?
Nigeria

33)In what country have the people suffered through brutal government suppression in
objection to their protests over the environmental destruction of their homeland by oil
producers?
Nigeria
34)What term represents the deliberate destruction of an ethnic, racial, or political
group?
Genocide
SOCIOCULTURAL ISSUES
35)In what type of setting do 65 percent of Africans live?
Rural
36)Kampala, because it attracts virtually all migration in Uganda and is almost 10 times
larger than Ugandas second largest city, is an example of what type of city?
Primate City
37)Another name for trypanosomiasis is:
Sleeping Sickness
38)Name 2 diseases mentioned in the textbook that present a serious health risk to
Africans
Trypanosomiasis, Schistosomiasis & Malaria
39)Based on its impact on life expectancies and among heterosexual women, the
spread of what disease amounts to the greatest public health issue in sub-Saharan
Africa?
HIV-AIDS
40)The form of female genital mutilation in which the vulva is stitched nearly shut is
called:
Female Genital Mutilation (FGM)
41)What is the practice when a man takes more than one wife at a time?
Polygany

42)What is the name broadly applied to all traditional African religions?

Animist
43)Name one of the introduced religions that have had a significant effect on the
religious landscape in Africa.
Islam, Christianity, or Hinduism
44)So-called gospel of success churches, which are growing quickly in Africa, blend
ideas of capitalism with values and beliefs embodied in what religion?
Christianity
45) Name one characteristic that is shared among people belonging to the same ethnic
group.
(1) Language, (2) cultural traditions, or (3) economic and political institutions
46)What term is favored in the textbook to describe culturally distinct groups in subSaharan Africa?
Ethnic Group
WEST AFRICA
47)What are the two dominant religions introduced in West Africa?
Muslim & Christian
48)What happens to the climate as you head north through West Africa?
environment becomes drier, the trees thin out and the savanna dominates.
49)Due in large part to its contribution to agriculture, what is the most important river in
West Africa?
Niger River
50)What country was at the epicenter of conflict in West Africa during the 1990s and
early 2000s?

CENTRAL AFRICA
51)The wet, densely forested region of Central Africa is often called what name, after its
principal river?

52)What country colonized the country that is todays Democratic Republic of Congo
(Kinshasa)?

53)During what decade did nearly all of the countries in Central Africa gain their
independence?

EAST AFRICA
54)East Africa has long relied on a trade network that focuses on what ocean?

55)What language has served as a lingua franca for traders in East Africa?

56)What East African island, the fourth largest in the world, features a unique set of
flora and fauna that is under threat of environmental degradation?

SOUTHERN AFRICA
57)What two countries in Southern Africa were Portuguese colonies?

58)What country in Southern Africa is increasingly seen as a failed state, burdened with
a dictator and poor plans for development?

59)What resource is Botswana most famous for?

60)What country in Southern Africa has successfully diversified its economy and thus
avoided many of the postcolonial economic difficulties experienced by most countries in
sub-Saharan Africa?