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Unit 1 Lesson 1
Word

Definition

Example

amaze (v)

to surprise very much,

The large size of the fish

amazed everyone.

astonish

area (n)

a place or region,

It will rain in all the areas

of the country.

territory

attractive (adj)

beautiful or pleasant to look

at,

Her smile makes her very

attractive.

a small, round ball of glass,

plastic, or wood that is used
for making jewellery,
to reach the temperature
where bubbles rise up in it
and it produces steam,

to think that something is

important and to feel
interested in it or worried
about it,
to make something happen,
especially something bad,

to remove all the objects or

people from a place,

She was wearing a string

of blue glass beads
around her neck.

charming,
desirable,
magnetic

bead (n)

boil (v)

care (v)

cause (v)
clear (v)
collect (v)

to gather together,

contact (n)

communication with,

destroy (v)
disappear (v)

disappoint (v)

to damage something so
badly that it does not exist or
cannot be used,
go somewhere where you
cannot be seen or found,

to make someone feel

unhappy because he is not
as good as they had
expected,

Synonym

There are many people

who care about animals.

worry

What caused the

accident?

bring, prompt,
provoke

assemble,
gather,
pile up

collection,
collector

ruin, wipe out

destruction

The magician disappeared

in front of our eyes.

vanish

disappearance

His low grades

disappointed his parents.

fail, frustrate,
let down

gratify,
impress,
satisfy
welcome

a building where products

are made by machines,

We visited the chocolate

factory and found out
how chocolate is made.

plant

The northern lights

fascinate me.

bewitch,
charm

to cause fear; scare,

disperse,
distribute,
scatter

The fire destroyed the old

house.

factory (n)

frighten (v)

caring

communication
with

propel, push,
urge

forest (n)

attractively,
attractiveness

rid

The policemen drove the

rioting fans out of the
stadium.

fig (n)

repellent,
ugly,
unattractive

boiled,
boiling

to force someone to leave a

place,

fascinate (v)

amazement,
amazing,
amazingly

Boil the rice for 15

minutes.

Please, you have to clear

your room from all old
notebooks.
Christine collected the
papers that had fallen on
the floor.
I am finally in contact with
my cousin again after all
these years.

Word Family

beady

drive out (v)

to attract and hold the

attention and interest of,

a sweet, soft, purple or

green fruit with many seeds,

a large area of land covered

with trees and plants, usually
larger than a wood,

Antonym

disgust,
horrify

disappointed,
disappointment

fascinated,
fascinating,
fascination

I love eating figs in the

summer.
The children got lost in
the forest.

woodland,
woods

It frightens me when you

drive so fast.

alarm, scare,
terrify

fright, frightening

Unit 1 Lesson 1
Word
government (n)
grow (v)
habitat (n)

Definition

Example

Synonym

the group of people who

officially control a country,

to make plants or crops

develop and produce fruit or
flowers,
the natural environment of
an animal or plant,

Ancient Athens had the

first democratic
government.

administration,
authorities,
power

governmental,
governmentally

The farmer grows corn

and beans.

cultivate,
produce, raise

growth

An animal may suffer if it

is taken away from its
natural habitat.
She has her habitual cup
of coffee at the start of
each day.

habitual (adj)

usual or typical,

home (n)

the place where a person or

animal lives,

The forest is home to

many animals.

huge (adj)

extremely large,

He couldn't eat that huge

piece of cake.

hunt (v)

hut (n)
include (v)
insect (n)

jungle (n)

leaf (n)

to set out to find and kill,

animals for food or sport,

a small, simple building,

usually made of wood and
consisting of one room,

to have or contain as a part,

a small creature with six legs,

for example a bee or a fly,

an area of land, usually in

tropical countries, where
trees and plants grow close
together,
one of the usually green, flat
parts of a plant or tree that
grows from the stem or
branch,

light (v)

to cause to catch on fire,

medicine (n)

a substance used to cure an

illness or injury,

method (n)
necklace (n)
nut (n)

plant (v)
plant (n)
pollution (n)

a way of doing something,

jewellery worn around the

neck,
the dry fruit of some trees
which grows in a hard shell,
and can often be eaten,

to put into the ground to
grow,
a living thing with a stem,
leaves, roots and flowers
that produces seeds,
damage caused to water, air,
etc by harmful substances or
waste,

Antonym

Word Family

environment,
medium
customary,
general,
regular
dwelling,
house,
residence
enormous,
immense,
massive

habitually
homely
tiny

People used to hunt for

food.

hugely
hunter,
hunting

My idea of winter
holidays is in a wooden
hut on the mountain.
Does the breakfast
include eggs?
Look at her leg! She must
have been bitten by an
insect.

cover,
enclose

inclusion,
inclusive

bug

It is difficult to explore
the Amazon jungle.
Many leaves fell from the
tree during the storm.
After I light the candles,
we can sing "Happy
Birthday".
She took medicine every
day for her cough.
He has his own method of
working.
This necklace is made of
gold.

leafless, leaflike,
leafy
extinguish
drug
approach,
manner, way

methodical

seed

plantlike

Nuts and dried fruit make

a great snack.
We've planted tomatoes
in the garden.
Sunlight affects plant
growth.
The tests showed high
levels of pollution in the
water.

polluted

Unit 1 Lesson 1
Word

Definition

Example

product (n)

something that is made or

grown to be sold,

provide (v)

to give what is needed,

rain forest (n)

a tropical forest with tall

trees that are very close
together, growing in an area
where it rains a lot,

Eleni uses lots of products

to protect her skin.
Students in Greece are
provided with free school
books.

raise (v)

to collect money from other

people,

recycle (v)

refer (v)
region (n)
seed (n)
shock (v)
sketch (n)
skin (n)

slash (v)

spear (n)

species (n)

specific (adj)
stick (n)
support (v)

to collect and treat rubbish

in order to produce useful
materials which can be used
again,
to speak of; mention,

a large space or area,

the small part of a plant with

flowers that grows into a
new plant,
to surprise and upset
someone,
a drawing or painting that
was done in a hurry or
without detail,
the outer layer of a person
or animals body,
to cut something by making
a quick, long cut with
something very sharp,

a long weapon with a sharp

point at one end used for
hunting,
a group of plants or animals
which share similar
characteristics, (
)

Our school raised 1,000

Euros for children in
need.

provision

collect, gather
recycling,
recycled
mention

reference

This region is famous for

its apples.

area

regional

She shocked us with the

bad news.

surprise

shocking

He recognised the thief by

looking at his sketch.

drawing

sketcher

We planted seeds in the

garden.

We need to eat lots of

water to keep our skin
beautiful.
Someone has slashed the
tyres.

skinny

hack, rip

slasher

In the past they hunted

animals with spears.
Over a hundred species of
birds are found in this
area.

We used sticks to start

the fire.
Parents support their
families by working.
Most of the earth's
surface is covered by
water.

a weapon with a long, metal

blade and a handle, used
especially in the past,

supply

She referred to his work

in her speech.

a long, thin piece of wood,

to provide enough for,

sword (n)

Word Family
productive

The Japanese recycle

more than half their
waste paper.

Could you give me a

specific example?

the top or outside part of

something,

Antonym

Rain forests have a great

variety of plants and
animals.

particular and not general,

surface (n)

Synonym

Zoro fought many duals

with his sword.

definite,
individual,
particular
branch,
limb, twig
provide for,
take care of
exterior,
outside

specifically,
specificity

neglect

supportless,
supportingly

interior
swordlike

Unit 1 Lesson 1
Word
temporary (adj)
terrible (adj)
tough (adj)

tribe (n)

unfortunately
(adv)
unique (adj)
vegetation (n)
wild (adj)

work out (v)

worry (v)

Definition
existing or happening for
only a short time,

very unpleasant or serious or

of low quality,
hard to break; strong; lasting
a long time,
a group of people, families,
or villages that share the
same language, social
customs, and ancestors,

used to say that you wish

something was not true or
that something had not
happened,
being the only one of its
type; sole; single,
plants or plant life in a
particular place,
living in a natural state, not
changed or controlled by
people,
to think carefully about how
you are going to do
something and plan a good
way of doing it,
to feel anxious or troubled,

Example

Synonym

I only found a temporary

job for three months.

passing

Sophie's making a terrible

mistake.

awful, nasty

Children's shoes have to

be tough.

durable,
solid, sturdy

He belongs to a tribe of
Amazonian Indians.

race, family

Id love to come, but

unfortunately I have to
study.
Everyone's fingerprints
are unique.
We walked through the
thick vegetation near the
river.
There are wild animals in
the jungle.

Antonym
continuous,
lasting,
permanent
delightful,
excellent
delicate,
fragile

Word Family
temporarily
terribly
toughly,
toughness

tribal

fortunately
uniquely,
uniqueness

individual
greenery
fierce, savage,

domestic,
tame

wildness

We need to work out the

solution to this problem.
Don't worry, I'll take care
of the problem.

care, trouble,
concern

worried

Unit 1 Lesson 2
Word

Definition

Example

Synonym

abroad (adv)

in or to another country,

We love travelling abroad

with our parents.

overseas

according to
(prep)

as stated by,

agree (v)

to have the same opinion or

feel the same way,

to start to be seen,

She's the best player on

the team, according to
the coach.
I agree with my friend
about most things.

appear (v)
arrow (n)

at once (phr)
axe (n)

bar chart (n)

berry (n)
boomerang (n)
bow (n)
busy (adj)
canoe (n)
cattle (n)
cave (n)
chart (n)

cloth (n)

discover (v)

explain (v)

a long stick with a sharp

point at one end that is shot
from a bow (= curved piece
of wood),
without any delay,
a tool with a sharp piece of
metal at one end, used for
cutting trees or wood,

a picture of boxes of
different heights, in which
each box represents a
different amount or
quantity,
a small, round fruit on some
plants and trees,

a curved piece of wood that

comes back to you when you
throw it,
a weapon used for shooting
arrows,
doing something or working
on something; active,

a small, narrow boat with

pointed ends for one or two
people,
large farm animals kept for
their milk or meat; cows and
bulls,
a large hole in the side of a
hill, cliff or mountain, or one
that is underground,
a drawing which shows
information in a simple way,
often using lines and curves
to show amounts,
material made from cotton,
wool, etc., and used, for
example, to make clothes or
curtains,
to find out something that
you did not know about
before,
to give reasons for,

see eye to eye

Suddenly, a bright light

appeared in the sky.

Antonym

Word Family

conflict,
disagree

agreeing,
agreement

disappear,
vanish

appearance

idle, lazy

busily

He couldn't walk because

he was injured by an
arrow in the leg.
We must leave at once.
Get an axe to cut some
wood for the fire.

now, immediately

My students prefer using

bar charts to show the
different quantities.

bar graph

Grapes are an example of

berries.
I love playing with my
boomerang.
The arrow will never find
the target if you hold the
bow like this.
John is very busy working
in the office.
Peter took me on a canoe
ride in the river.
You can get milk from
George. He's got cattle on
his farm
They managed to get the
people out of the cave
after 15 days.
According to the sales
chart, this product is 10%
down.

industrious,
occupied,
working

canoeist

cavern
graph, table

She used a cloth to wipe

the table.

rag

We discovered that the

game was easy to play if
you know the rules.

find out, realize

discovery

Can you explain how this

tablet PC works?

account, account
for

explanation,
explanatory

Unit 1 Lesson 2
Word

Definition

Example

feather (n)

one of the soft and light

parts of a bird that grows
from the skin and covers the
body,
to continue doing
something,

I like feather pillows.

to have a romantic
relationship with someone,

to have the same interests,
attitudes etc as someone
else,
a covering or decoration for
the head,

They've been going out

for two years now.

go on (v)
go out with (v)
have in common
(phr)
headdress (n)

interview (n)

to ask someone questions

for a newspaper, television,
etc,

loin (n)

a piece of meat from the

lower part of an animal's
back,

mention (v)

to speak about something

quickly, giving little detail or
using few words,
wet earth that has been
turned soft and sticky,

mud (n)
object (n)

He went on working until

he was seventy.

Synonym

continue

My brother and I have

several friends in
common.
She wore a beautiful
Native American
headdress for the
ceremony.
Justin Timberlake gave an
interview yesterday to a
Greek reporter.
The loin is the meat
between the ribs and
rump and makes good
steaks.
Did he mention my name
in the speech?
The boys were covered in
mud after playing
football.
The only object in the
room was a chair.

interviewee,
interviewer

note, refer to,

remark

acknowledgment,
answer, response

response (n)

a written or spoken answer;

reply,

I'm writing in response to

your letter of 17 June.

answer,
reply

sequence (n)

a series of related or
connected things,

chain, series,
succession

soon (adv)

in a short time; shortly,

What was the sequence

of events that led to his
arrest?
Don't worry. Dad will be
back soon.

preference (n)
pull sb's leg (phr)

reply (n)

mentionable
muddy

I asked her a question,

but she made no reply.

pen pal (n)

We ranked the tasks in

order of importance.

Word Family
featherless

a thing that you can see or

touch but that is usually not
alive,
the arrangement of a group
of people or things in a list
from first to last,
someone you make friends
with by writing letters,
especially someone who
lives in another country and
who you have never met,

when you like something or
someone more than another
person or thing,
to try to persuade someone
to believe something which
is not true as a joke,

an answer in words or
writing,

order (n)

Antonym

thing
position

disorder

My mother and my father

were pen pals and that is
how they met.

Nikos has a preference for

adventure movies.

inclination, liking

Is this Ferrari yours or are

you pulling my leg?

shortly

response less

Unit 1 Lesson 2
Word

Definition

Example

Synonym

sound (v)

to give a certain impression;

seem,

Your job sounds really

interesting.

appear, seem

spend (v)

to use time doing something

or being somewhere,

a diagram with lines and

circles for organising
information so that it is
easier to use or remember,

a vehicle or system of
vehicles, such as buses,
trains, aircraft, etc for
getting from one place to
another,
a man who is a member of a
tribe,

She feels she has to spend

more time with her
family.
With spidergrams it is
easy to organise the
vocabulary.

kill, pass, use

Travelling on public
transport is cheaper and
faster in big cities.

transportation

transportable,
transporter

all, entire, full

wholeness

spidergram (n)

transport (n)

tribesman (n)

whole (adj)

complete, including every

part,

Anthropologists continue
to explore the
development and the
characteristics of
tribesmen.
Mary stayed awake the
whole night.

Antonym

Word Family

mind map

Unit 1 Lesson 3
Word

Definition

Example

Synonym

affect (v)

to cause a change in,

High temperatures affect

old people.

influence

appropriate (adj)

right for the purpose,

right, suitable

basin (n)

the bowl that is fixed to the

wall in a bathroom, where
you can wash your hands
and face,
to think that something is
true, or that what someone
says is true,
words used together, in a
way that sounds correct to
people who have spoken the
language all their lives,
,
to make someone believe
that something is true,

to be real or present,

to have a problem, stand

before or deal with,

the main point or meaning of

something without the
details,

Jeans and a T-shirt are not

appropriate for a formal
wedding.
You can wash your hands
in the basin.

believe (v)
collocation (n)

convince (v)
exist (v)
face (v)
gist (n)

indigenous (adj)

I dont believe in ghosts.

He tried to convince me
that I needed a new car.

Many indigenous cultures

existed in New Zealand.

aboriginal,
native

original (adj)

first; earliest,

She prefers the original

version of the song.

poster (n)

a large printed notice,

picture, or photograph, used
to advertise something or as
a decoration,
a piece or part that is left,

material that is thrown away

or useless; garbage,

a light shoe with straps that

you wear in warm weather,

to stop someone or
something from being killed,
or destroyed,
to tell someone that you will
do something bad to them if
they do not do what you

The students made

posters to advertise their
band.

save (v)
threaten (v)

doubt

belief, believable,
believer

convincing,
convincingly
existence, existing

confront, deal
with

place or position,

sandal (n)

appropriately

persuade

The tribes in the Amazon

rainforest face serious
problems.
I didn't understand every
word of the article, but I
think I got the gist.

location (n)

rubbish (n)

improper,
inappropriate,
unsuitable

Do monsters really exist?

kind (n)

rest (n)

Word Family

"Commit a crime" is a
typical collocation in
English.

having always lived or

existed in a place,

a picture in many small

pieces that you put together
as a game,
type; sort,

jigsaw (n)

Antonym

avoid

main idea

My son loves doing jigsaw

puzzles.
What kind of films do you
see?
I marked the location of
my house on the map.

Will you eat the rest of

the cake?
My husband takes out the
rubbish every night.

sort, type
spot
originally

remainder
garbage, junk,
litter, trash

In the summer, I only

wear sandals.
The lifeguard saved the
little boy who fell into the
pool.
He threatened to call the
police if I didn't give him
his money back.

rescue
threat,
threatening

Unit 1 Lesson 3
want,
tool (n)

weapon (n)

a piece of equipment that

you use with your hands in
order to help you do
something,
an object or device used in
fighting or war to attack or
defend,

The gardener could not

work because he did not
have his tools with him.
Guns, shields, and swords
are weapons.

Unit 2 Lesson 1
Word

Definition

Example

Synonym

Antonym

Word Family

accurate (adj)

correct or exact,

If you give me an accurate

description of the person,
I may guess correctly.

precise

inaccurate

accurately

allow (v)

to say that someone can do

something,

Smoking is not allowed in

the restaurant.

premit, let

although/ though
(conj)

in spite of the fact that; even

though,

even though,
though

ambition (n)

something that you want to

do in your life,

Although we don't have

much money, we will go
on holiday.
My ambition is to become
a famous singer.

forbid,
prevent,
prohibit

among (prep)

in the middle of a group,

I'm happy when I'm

among friends.

artist (n)

someone who creates art,

especially paintings and
drawings,
knowledge or understanding
of a particular subject or
situation, ,
next to,

There is an exhibition of
paintings by local artists.

art, artistic
aware

awareness (n)

bold (adj)

strong in colour or shape,

Health officials have tried

to raise awareness about
AIDS.
Eleni came and sat beside
me.
Can you type your name
in bold letters?

border (n)

the line between two

countries,

Show your passport at the

border.

brave (adj)

showing no fear of
dangerous or difficult
situations,
in the Roman Catholic
Church, to declare
(someone) a saint,
a particular situation or
example of something,

the middle point or part of

something,

It was brave of him to

fight the thief.

beside (prep)

canonise (v)
case (n)
centre (n)
ceremony (n)

charity (n)
choice (n)
citizen (n)
coherence (n)

a formal event that is

performed on important
social or religious occasions,

money, food, or other help

that is given to people,

the thing or person chosen,

someone who lives in a

particular town or city,

when something such as a

piece of writing is easy to
understand because its parts
are connected in a clear and
logical way,

After he had performed

many miracles, he was
canonised.
In his case,the doctor said
there was no cure.
The post office is in the
centre of the town.

aspiration,
desire

courageous,
daring, fearless

ambitious

cowardly

example,
instance,
occasion
middle

bravely,
braveness,
bravery
canonization

central

Everybody was waiting for

the bride so the wedding
ceremony could begin.

ceremonial

Many famous artists give

performances for charity.

contribution,
donation

charitable

The choice of Crete as a

holiday destination is
excellent.
As a Greek citizen I have
the right to vote in the
elections.
There was no coherence
between the first and the
second half of the film.

alternative,
pick, selection

choose, choosey
city

clarity,
consistency,
intelligibility

incoherence

coherent

Unit 2 Lesson 1
Word

Definition

Example

Synonym

Antonym

Word Family

cohesion (n)

a close relationship, based

on grammar or meaning,
between two parts of a
sentence or a larger piece of
writing, ,
a pleasant feeling of being
relaxed and free from pain,

to write a piece of music,

What strategies do we
use to have cohesion
between sentences?

coherence

incohesion

cohesive

She likes the comfort of a

hotel.

calm, ease,
peace

comfortable

Mozart composed many

beautiful symphonies.

create,
originate, write

discomfort,
distress,
misery

someone who writes music,

(grammar) a word that has

two or more parts, or a
sentence made up of two or
more main clauses,
a far away or little known
place or region,

Mozart was a famous

composer.
The compound adjective
"armchair" is made up of
two words, "arm" and
"chair".
She has gone away to a
far corner of the earth.

choice that you make about

something after thinking
about several possibilities,

to announce something
publicly or officially,

She has made the

decision to live abroad.

judgement,
verdict

decide, decisive

"I declare you man and

wife" said the priest in the
wedding ceremony.

announce,
proclaim,
pronounce

declaration

to have earned something by

good or bad actions or
behaviour,
not caring about danger
because of great need,

or the whole of a period of

time,

He deserves a medal for

saving the child from the
fire.
She had no money left
and was desperate.

earn, merit

They work during the

night and sleep by day.

through

dying (adj)

close to death; losing life,

earthquake (n)

a sudden violent movement

of the Earth's surface,
sometimes causing great
damage,
a sound that you hear more
than once because you are in
a big, empty space,
never seeming to stop,

After seeing so many

dying people, he was in
shock.
In 1999 there was a big
earthquake in the area of
Attica.

comfort (n)
compose (v)
composer (n)
compound (n)

corner (n)
decision (n)

declare (v)

deserve (v)
desperate (adj)
during (prep)

echo (n)
endless (adj)
event (n)

anything that happens,

especially something
important or unusual,

known and recognized by

many people,

Manchester United is a
famous football team.

feed (v)

to give food to a person,

group, or animal,

You need to feed the dog

twice a day.

generous (adj)

willing to give or share; not

selfish,

It was generous of you to

share your meal with me.

famous (adj)

desperately,
desperation

thriving
quake

Her scream was followed

by a loud echo.
The list of people looking
for a job is endless.
Entering the university
was a major event for
Panos.

composer

echoing
countless,
eternal,
everlasting
happening,
incident,
occasion

endlessly
eventful

distinguished,
noted,
prominent,
well-known
nourish

obscure

fame

lavish, profuse

cheap, stingy,
mean

generously,
generosity

Unit 2 Lesson 1
Word

Definition

Example

Synonym

Antonym

Word Family

gentle (adj)

kind; generous; mild,

His wife loved him for his

gentle ways.

kind, mild,
sweet

ferocious,
rough, stern

gently,
gentleness

identify (v)

to recognize someone or
something and say or prove
who or what they are,

an idea, feeling, or opinion

about something or
someone,
in order to celebrate or show
great respect for someone or
something,

"Can you identify the

thief?" the policeman
asked.

designate,
mark, name

identifiable,
identification,
identified

It makes a bad impression

if you're late for the
meeting.
They gave the
performance in honour of
Theodorakis, the great
composer.
Let's join hands and sing.

idea, impact,
belief, opinion

impressionable

Don't you get lonely being

on your own all day?

solitary

Will you look after my cat

while I'm away?

care for

impression (n)
in honour (phr)

join (v)

look after (v)

to fasten or connect things

together,
unhappy because you are
not with other people,

to take care of,

make a
difference (phr)

to have an effect on a
situation,

make sure (phr)

to take action so that you

are certain that something
happens or is true,

plan so that you have time

available for something,

to show where something is,

lonely (adj)

make time (phr)

mark (v)

It makes a big difference

to ask for something
politely.
Make sure that you close
the door before you
leave.

unite

loneliness

neglect

ensure

Make time to talk to your

wife.
Could you mark the
destination on the map?

spot
amazing,
astonishing,
wonderful

marvellous (adj)

extremely good,

We had a marvellous time

on holiday.

mean (v)

to have a particular result,

medal (n)

a small metal disc, with

words or a picture on it,
which is given as a reward
for a brave action or for
winning in a competition,

These changes will mean

a better educational
system for everyone.
Pyrros Dimas has won the
gold medal in the
Olympics three times.

mind (v)

to be annoyed or worried by
something,

Would you mind opening

the window?

dislike, object to

monastery (n)

a building where men live as

a religious group,

Life in a monastery is
peaceful.

abbey, cloister

need (n)

something that is necessary

to have or do,

My job is to help people

in need.

non-profit (adj)

an organization that uses the

money it earns to help
people instead of making a
profit,
a member of a group of
religious women who live

"Doctors without
borders" is a non-profit
organisation.

nun (n)

divide, part,
separate

Nuns cannot get married.

commonplace

marvellously

medallist

needy

Unit 2 Lesson 1
Word

offer (v)

Definition

Example

away from other people,

to give or provide
something,

Mr. Papadopoulos offered

me a job.

organisation (n)

an official group of people

who work together for the
same purpose,

pain (n)

a bad feeling in a part of

your body when you are ill or
hurt,
(formal) to visit someone in
order to welcome them or
talk to them,

quiet and calm,

pay respects
(phr)
peace (n)
permission (n)

allowing someone to do
something,

playwright (n)

someone who writes plays,

pneumonia (n)

a serious illness in which

your lungs fill with liquid and
it is difficult to breathe,

someone who works in

politics, especially a member
of the government,

the condition of being poor;

lack of money,

politician (n)

poverty (n)
Prime Minister
(n)

the leader of an elected

government,

profit (n)

money that you get from

selling something for more
than it cost you to buy or
produce,
to tell someone that you will
certainly do something,

the quality that some atoms

have of producing energy,
which can be very harmful to
health,
a radioactive element which
is used in the treatment of
some diseases, especially
cancer,
to increase an amount,
number, or level,

promise (n)
radioactivity (n)

radium (n)

raise (v)

Greenpeace is an
organisation which helps
to protect the
environment.
The football player got
badly hurt and was in a
lot of pain.
I've come to pay my
respects to Lady
Catherine.

Synonym

Word Family

offering
agency

discomfort

Could you stop talking

and leave me in peace?
Dad gave me the
permission to go on the
school trip.
Shakespeare was both a
poet and a playwright.

Antonym

comfort

painful

noise, turmoil,
unrest

peaceful
permissive,
permit

author

She was taken to hospital,

suffering from
pneumonia.
The politician promised to
build a new school.
Many people live in
poverty in the United
States.
A Prime Minister must
make good decisions for
his/her country.
The company made large
profits last year, so
they're hiring more
people.
Well be home before
dark and thats a
promise!
Uranium has a high level
of radioactivity.
Radium occurs naturally
in very small amounts in
minerals containing
uranium.
Many shops have raised
their prices.

reach (v)

to extend or stretch as far as,

She's too small to reach

the table.

record (n)

a flat, round, plastic disc that

music is stored on, used
especially in the past,

My dad's got a big record

collection.

political, politics

hardship,
misery, need

luxury, riches,
wealth

poor

earnings

loss

profitable,
profitless

guarantee
radioactive

increase

album

lower, sink

recording

Unit 2 Lesson 1
Word

Definition

Example

Synonym

Antonym

Word Family

Marios refused to go on
holiday with his parents
because he wanted to be
with his friends.
Many tourists visit the
ruins of Pompeii every
year.
Saint Nicolas is said to be
the protector of sailors.

decline, turn
down

accept

refusal

They are saving money

for college.

collect

spend

savings

a famous phrase that people

use to give advice about life,

a person who works in some

branch of science,

As the saying goes "You

can't judge a book by its
cover".
These scientists conduct
research for different
forms of cancer.

expression,
proverb

search (v)

to try to find someone or

something,

suffer (v)

to feel pain or sadness and

worry,
to give lessons in a particular
subject at a school,
university, etc,
during the whole of a period
of time,

I searched everywhere in
my room for the missing
book.
I suffer from headaches.

hurt

suffering

Jim taught at Athens

University for one year.

educate,
instruct, tutor

teaching,
teacher

My brother slept
throughout the
performance.
If you look at the timeline
of geological periods, you
will understand how the
earth has changed.

through

We have to train our staff

to use the new computer
system.

coach, drill,
qualify

refuse (v)

to say that you will not do or

accept something,

ruins (n)

the broken parts that are left

from an old building or town,

the title given to a person

who has received an official
honour from the Christian
Church for having lived in a
good and holy way,
to keep or store for future
use,

saint (n)

save (v)
saying (n)
scientist (n)

teach (v)
throughout
(prep)
timeline (n)

a line showing the order in

which events happened (esp.
for a particular historical
period),

train (v)

to teach someone how to do

something, usually a skill
that is needed for a job,

a person who offers to work

or help without pay,

the activity of lifting heavy

objects either as a sport or
for exercise,
the person who,

volunteer (n)
weightlifting (n)
whoever (pron)

remains

science, scientific

trainer,
training

Giannis is a Red Cross

volunteer.
Greece has won a lot of
medals in weightlifting.
Whoever asks you, you
say that I'm not here.

weightlifter

Unit 2 Lesson 2
Word

Definition

Example

Synonym

adventure (n)

an unusual, exciting and

possibly dangerous activity
such as a journey or
experience,
the purpose of doing
something, and what you
hope to achieve,
to make plans for; prepare,

They had many

adventures as they
travelled down the
Amazon.
The aim of this course is
to improve your writing
skills.
They arranged a surprise
party for their friend

enterprise,
venture

adventurous

goal, objective,
purpose,
intention
organize,
plan

aimless

a way of feeling or thinking

about something or
someone,
(informal) to hate
something,

I like people with a

positive attitude towards
life.
I can't stand you
screaming all the time.

disposition,
outlook,
viewpoint
cant bear

attitudinal

conclusion (n)

an ending, result, or
outcome,

The conclusion of the

book was a surprise.

close, outcome,
result

conclude,
conclusive

conduct (v)

to organize or do something,

carry out

consider (v)

to think of as,

We are conducting a
survey of consumer
attitudes towards fast
food.
I consider Shakespeare a
great writer.

council (n)

a group of people that are

chosen to make rules, laws,
or decisions, or to give
advice,
to make certain that a
calculation is correct, by
asking a different person or
using a different method of
calculation,

information or facts about

something,

Students in the school

council will choose where
to go on their school trip.

The data show that the

population in Greece has
reduced.

material,
statistics

emperor (n)

the male ruler of an empire,

king

empire (n)

a group of countries that is

ruled by one person or
government,

Who was the most

famous emperor of
China?
The Roman empire
included lands in all the
Mediterranean world.

express (v)

to show what you think or

how you feel using words or
actions,
relating to the past,

a strong feeling of shock or

fear, or something that
makes you feel shocked or
afraid,
very difficult; not an easy
person to deal with,

to go on through time;
continue,
a talk given in front of an
audience,

You mustn't be afraid to

express your opinion.

communicate,
convey, indicate

aim (n)
arrange (v)
attitude (n)
can't stand (phr)

cross-check (v)

data (n)

historical (adj)
horror (n)

impossible (adj)
last (v)
lecture (n)

Antonym

Word Family

arrangement

find, regard
councillor

Are you sure you have

won the lottery? Have
you cross-checked the
numbers?

Was Atlantis a historical

place?
Jenny doesn't like horror
films as she gets easily
scared.

emprire, imperial

emperor,
imprerial

alarm, dread,
terror

expression,
expressive
contemporary

historically

relief

horrify

How can you say this?

You' re impossible.

intolerable

The film lasted for two

hours.
The professor gave a
lecture to his class.

continue, go on

lasting

address, talk

lecturer

Unit 2 Lesson 2
Word

Definition

Example

missing (adj)

not where it should be;

absent,

monologue (n)

a long speech by one person,

In this exercise students

must find the missing
words.
During her monologue,
the actress told her story.

persuade (v)

poor (adj)

to make someone agree to

do something by talking to
them a lot about it,
a story written to be acted
on a stage; drama,

of bad quality,

I finally managed to
persuade her to go out
for a drink with me.
Our class put on a play at
the end of the school
year.
He is responsible for the
team's poor performance.

recently (adv)

not long ago,

Have you seen any good

films recently?

recommend (v)

to say that someone or

something is good or
suitable for a particular
purpose,
to make something exist or
happen again,

I would recommend this

book for teenagers.
The group recreated
several Greek plays.

regenerate

relationship (n)

a connection between two

or more things,

connection

relevant (adj)

connected with what is

happening or being
discussed,
a description of an event or
situation,
to need,

There is a relationship
between exercise and
good health.
We can find relevant
information on the
internet.
I enjoyed writing the book
report.
Babies require a lot of
attention.
Research has shown that
there is a connection
between genes and
behaviour.
She bought this book
because she read an
excellent review of it in
the newspaper.
The king tried to stop the
revolt against him.

play (n)

recreate (v)

report (n)
require (v)
research (n)

the serious study and

collecting of information
about something,

review (n)

a report in a newspaper,
magazine, or programme
that gives an opinion about a
new book, film, etc,
an act of trying to change a
government or other
authority, often using
violence,
someone who is owned by
someone else and has to
work for them,
a place used for sports
events and other outdoor
activities,
right for the situation or
purpose; fitting,

In the past, slaves from

Africa were sold in
America.
The "Red Hot Chilli
Peppers" performance
filled the stadium.
I want to buy him a
suitable going away gift.

to describe briefly the main

facts or ideas of something,

an examination of opinions,
behaviour, etc., made by
asking people questions,

We summarise the main

ideas in the final
paragraph.
A recent survey showed
that 58% of people did
not know where their
heart was.

revolt (n)

slave (n)
stadium (n)
suitable (adj)
summarise (v)
survey (n)

Synonym

Antonym

Word Family

convince

persuasion,
persuasive

performance

playwright

awful

excellent,
great, superb

lately
recommendation

pertinent

recreation

irrelevant

relevance

account

reporter

call for,
demand

requirement
researcher

critique

rebellion,
revolution
master

slavery

inappropriate,
unsuitable

suitably

arena, bowl
applicable,
appropriate,
proper
recapitulate,
sum up,
synopsize
poll

summary

Unit 2 Lesson 2
Word

Definition

Example

Synonym

taste (n)

the particular things you like,

such as styles of music,
clothes, decoration, etc,

the act of moving something

from one person or place to
another,
not usual or ordinary; not
common; remarkable,

I don't like his taste in

music.

preference

tasteful

The transfer of the star

player to another team
disappointed the fans.
It is unusual of him to be
late.

shift,
transport

transferable

used to say that something is

certainly not true,

Does John do the

cooking? You must be
joking he never cooks!

transfer (v)
unusual (adj)

you must be
joking (phr)

rare,
strange

Antonym

common,
normal,
usual

Word Family

unusually

Unit 2 Lesson 3
Word

Definition

Example

artwork (n)

the pieces of art, such as

drawings and photographs,
that are used in books,
newspapers and magazines,

to hit a person or animal

hard many times, ,

a series of organized
activities or events intended
to achieve a result,
,
the part of your life when
you are a child,

an accident in which a
vehicle hits something,

an act or action,

All the artwork in the

book has been done by
the author.

beat (v)
campaign (n)

childhood (n)
crash (n)
deed (n)
diet (n)
divide (v)
follower (n)

freedom (n)

goat (n)
ground (n)
grow up (v)

campaigner

I had a very happy

childhood.

adulthood

Fortunately, there
weren't any injuries in the
car crash.
I try to do at least one
good deed daily.

collision, smash,
wreck

Divide this piece of paper

into two parts.

part,
split

a person who believes in,

studies, or supports the
ideas of a teacher or any
other leader,
the right to live in the way
you want, say what you
think, and make your own
decisions without being
controlled by anyone else,

an animal with horns which

is kept for the milk it
produces,
the surface of the Earth,

to become an adult,

Jesus had many followers.

Slaves in America had to

fight for their freedom.

Hindu (n)

someone who believes in

Hinduism,

interest (n)

something you enjoy doing,

studying, or experiencing,

a person in control of a
group, country, or situation,

Word Family

We organised a campaign
to raise money for
children in need.

Her diet isn't very healthy.

when a gun is fired,

Antonym

batter

the type of food that

someone usually eats,

to separate into parts,

gunshot (n)

leader (n)

She was badly beaten.

Synonym

dietary, dietician

division

disciple, pupil

join,
unify,
unite
leader

liberty

slavery

free

Goat's cheese is very

tasty.
Don't sit on the ground;
it's dirty.
What would you like to be
when you grow up?

earth, land, soil

mature

grown-up

A gunshot was heard in

the bank and everydody
fell down.
The vast majority of
Hindus, approximately
940 million, live in India.
We share a lot of
interests, particularly
music and tennis.
Who is the leader of the
opposition party?

interesting

follower

leadership

Unit 2 Lesson 3
Word

Definition

Example

loincloth (n)

a piece of cloth that hangs

down from around the waist,
sometimes worn by men in
hot countries,

connected to the internet,

Various cultures in
tropical Africa wore or
still wear loincloths.

online (adv)
put on (v)

radical (n)

recognise (v)

release (v)
responsible (adj)
return (v)
shawl (n)

skill (n)

society (n)

spiritual (adj)
term (n)

to arrange for a concert, play

etc to take place, or to
perform in it, ,
()
expressing the belief that
there should be great or
extreme social or political
change,
to know someone or
something because you have
seen them before,

to allow to be shown, sold,

or published,

expected to take care of

particular duties and jobs,

to go back or come back,

a piece of cloth, in a square

or triangular shape, that is
worn around the shoulders
or head, especially by
women,
the ability to do an activity
or job well, especially
because you have practised
it,
a large group of people who
live together in an organized
way, making decisions about
how to do things and sharing
the work that needs to be
done,
having to do with the spirit,
rather than the physical
body or world,
a part of the school year;
semester,

violence (n)

the causing of pain or harm,

usually intentionally,

visuals (adj)

photographs, slides, films,

charts, or other visual
materials, especially as used
for illustration or promotion,
,

Synonym

Antonym

Word Family

conservative

radically

She can work online from

her computer at home.
We put on a play we had
written ourselves.

perform,
stage

Radicals protested against

the new measures.
I recognized her from her
picture.

place, spot,
remember

recognition,
recognizable,
recognizably

When was the "Titanic"

released?

release (n)

She is responsible for

looking after the children
in the evenings.
We returned home tired
after our tennis game.

responsibility,
responsibly
go back

depart

Kashmiri shawls are highfashion garments in

Western Europe.
Many jobs today require
computer skills.

ability

It is important for every

society to agree on
certain laws.

public

Many people believe that

ghosts visit us from the
spiritual world.
We will receive our
grades at the end of the
term.
Violence against women
has increased in recent
years.
This book has very good
visuals.

holy

skilful

material,
physical

spiritually

session
assault, attack,
outburst

violent

Unit 3 Lesson 1
Word

Definition

Example

add (v)

to put something with

something else,

advertisement
(n)

a picture, short film, song,

etc which tries to persuade
people to buy a product or
service,
the special name that a
company gives to a product,
()

The soup tasted better

after I added salt and
pepper to it.
They have a funny
advertisement in the
magazine for this new
cereal.
This beer is more
expensive because it has
got a popular brand
name.
He is a careful driver.

brand name (n)

careful (adj)

cell phone (n)

charge (n)
complain (v)

counter (n)
discount (n)
email (n)

exception (n)
excuse (n)

faulty (adj)

giving a lot of attention to

what you are doing so that
you do not have an accident,
make a mistake, or damage
something,
telephone that you can
carry everywhere with you,
(AmE)
the money that you pay for
goods or a service,
to say that something is
wrong or that you are
annoyed about something,

a piece of electrical
equipment that counts
something,
a reduction in price of
something,
a written message sent from
one computer to another;
electronic mail,

something left out or

different from others in a
group,
a reason that you give to
explain why you did
something wrong,

not working correctly,

ad,
commercial

attentive,
cautious,
on guard

Antonym

Word Family

deduct,
remove,
subtract

addition,
additive

careless,
thoughtless

advertise

carefully,
carefulness

It is rude to talk on your

cell phone in a theatre.

mobile phone

There is no extra charge

for delivery.

cost

chargeable

She complained about the

cold weather.

grumble,
moan

complaint

You have to set the video

counter to zero before
you press play.
There is a 10 percent
discount in theatre tickets
for students.
Send me an email when
you have news.

cut, deduction,
reduction

Most boys do not like

ballet, but Mike is an
exception.
His excuse for being late
is that he missed the bus.
They gave me the money
back because the mobile
was faulty.
This phone has some new
features.

feature (n)

a part or quality of
something,

free of charge
(phr)

at no cost,

Your online order will be

sent free of charge.

gadget (n)

a small tool or device with a

clever design or unusual use,

a unit for measuring the

amount of information a
computer can store, equal to
1,000,000,000 bytes

This gadget cuts

vegetables into fancy
shapes.
My i-pods capacity is 64
gigabytes.

gigabyte (n)

Synonym

increase

discountable

inclusion
excusable,
excusably
damaged,
defective,
flawed
attribute,
characteristic,
part

device

faultless

Unit 3 Lesson 1
Word

Definition

Example

Synonym

good buy (n)

when you buy something

good for a cheap price,
()
things for sale, or the things
that you own,

That computer was a

good buy.

bargain

There is a 25% discount

on all electrical goods
until the end of the week.

stock

a written promise made by a

company to repair one of its
products or give you a new
one if it has a fault,
the process of creating
something which has never
been made before,

a style of writing or printing

in which the letters slope to
the right,
a single, particular thing in a
group or list,

There is a two-year
guarantee on my new
computer.

goods (n)

guarantee (n)

invention (n)

italics (n)
item (n)
jargon (n)

keyboard (n)

laptop (n)

lasting (adj)
memory (n)

mobile phone (n)

special words and phrases

which are used by particular
groups of people, especially
in their work,

the set of keys on a

computer or a piano that
you press in order to make it
work,
a computer that is small
enough to be carried around
and used where you are
sitting,
continuing for a long time,
not ending,
the part of a computer
where information and
instructions are stored, or
the amount of information
that can be stored there,

a telephone that you can

carry everywhere with you,
(BrE)

model (n)

a particular type or style of a

product,

multimedia (n)

using a combination of
moving and still pictures,
sound, music and words,
especially in computers or
entertainment,
at the present time,
especially when compared to
the past,
able to be carried or easily
moved,

nowadays (adv)
portable (adj)

Antonym

The invention of the car

changed the world.

Word Family

invent, inventor

This sentence is printed in

italics.
My mother gave me a list
of six items to buy at the
store.
To be a good lawyer you
have to know all the legal
jargon.
Young people today need
to have good keyboard
skills.
I can work on holiday as I
will have my laptop with
me.
We all hope for lasting
peace.
You need 40 megabytes
of memory to run this
software.

eternal

Talking on a mobile
phone all the time can be
dangerous for your
health.
The salesman showed us
a newer model of the car.

cell phone

temporary

We went to the museum

to see a multimedia
exhibit about dinosaurs.
Everything seems more
expensive nowadays.
We brought a portable
radio to the picnic.

mobile

portably,
portability

Unit 3 Lesson 1
Word

Definition

Example

Synonym

predict (v)

to say what you think will

happen in the future,

a line of people waiting to

enter a building, buy
something etc,

a group of different things of

the same general type,
,
using good sense and clear
thinking,

He predicted an easy
victory for his team.

forecast

We stood in a queue for

more than an hour to get
the tickets.

line, row

queue (n)

range (n)
reasonable (adj)
refund (n)

remote control
(n)

repair (v)
replace (v)
rule (n)
salesperson (n)
screen (n)

serve (v)
service (n)

shopper (n)
sms (n)

stock (n)
translate (v)

an amount of money that is

given back to you, especially
because you are not happy
with a product that you have
bought,

a device held in the hand

that is used to control a
television set, or some other
mechanical object from a
distance,
to fix something that is
broken or damaged,

to put in place of,

a law or direction that tells

you should or should not do,

someone whose job it is to

sell things,
a flat surface in a cinema, on
a television or a computer
system on which pictures or
words are shown,
to help customers and sell
things to them in a shop,

when people help you and

bring you things in a place
such as a shop, restaurant,
or hotel,
a person who goes shopping,

Antonym

Word Family
prediction

You can choose from a

wide range of subjects.
It's a reasonable price for
such a good dress.

logical,
rational

I was given a refund of

fifty euros.

absurd,
irrational,
unreasonable

reasonably
refundable

Have you seen the

remote control for the TV
anywhere?
I must repair my bike.

fix, mend,
service

She wants to replace her

old camera with a digital
one.
The grammar rules are at
the end of the book.
At this store the
salesperson is very
helpful.
Our television has a 19inch screen.

replaceable

clerk, salesman

Excuse me sir, are you

being served?
The food was nice, but
the service wasn't very
good.

service
assistance, help

He's a regular shopper at

this department store.

a system for sending text

messages from one mobile
phone to another,

all the goods that are
available in a shop,

We're expecting some

new stock tomorrow.

to change written or spoken

words from one language to
another,

The book has now been

translated from Spanish
into English.

damage,
ruin

serve

shopping

Teenagers send lots of

sms messages.
reserve, store,
supply
translator,
translation

Unit 3 Lesson 1
Word

Definition

Example

turn (n)

the time when you can or

must do something, usually
before or after someone
else,
a number of different things
in a group or class,

It is your turn to do the

dishes.
There was a large variety
of people at the party.

to use more money, time,

energy etc than is useful or
sensible,

You waste a lot of water

by having a bath instead
of a shower.

variety (n)
waste (v)

Synonym

Antonym

assortment,
range, selection

Word Family

varied
save

wasteful

Unit 3 Lesson 2
Word

Definition

Example

act (v)

to do something, especially
in order to solve a problem,

something good about a

situation that helps you,

We have to act now to

stop the pollution of the
planet.
The advantage of living in
the city is that there are
so many things to see and
do.
My father gave me good
advice about how to
make friends.
The assistant helped me
choose my dress for my
graduation party.

advantage (n)

advice (n)
assistant (n)

an idea or opinion offered as

help in making a choice or a
decision,
someone who helps
customers in a shop,

attractive (adj)

interesting or useful,

button (n)

a small object that is pressed

to make something happen,

a small container that is used

in a larger piece of
equipment and can be easily
replaced,

to supply with power or

energy,
to do something that is not
honest, in order to get
something,
someone you spend a lot of
time with, especially a
friend,
someone who buys goods or
services,

cartridge (n)

charge (v)
cheat (v)
companion (n)
consumer (n)
cool (adj)
copy (v)

crash (v)
dead (adj)
download (v)

excellent value
for money (phr)
exciting (adj)

slightly cold, but not too

cold,
to produce something that is
similar or exactly the same
as something else,

(for a computer) to suddenly

stop working,
a piece of equipment that is
not working, ,

to move information or
programs from a computer
network to another
computer,

sth is worth the money you

pay,

making you feel very happy

and enthusiastic,

The car was very

expensive so it wasn't
such an attractive offer.
He pressed the power
button on his computer.

Synonym

Antonym

Word Family
action

benefit

disadvantage,
drawback

advantageous

advise

agreeable,
appealing

unattractive,
ugly

attractiveness

My printer takes an multicoloured ink cartridge.

He charged the battery.

charger,
recharge
cheater

She had cheated in the

test by using a calculator.
His dog was his closest
companion.

partner

companionship

Consumers spend a lot of

money during the
holidays.
It was a cool spring day.

customer

consume,
consumerism

Copy the file onto a disk.

duplicate,
reproduce

warm

coolness
copier

My computer has crashed

again. It may have a virus.
I tried to make a call, but
the telephone was dead.
We download songs from
the Internet.

This jacket is only 30 so

it's excellent value for
money.
It was so exciting to see
him win for the third
time.

fascinating

boring,
dull

excitement

Unit 3 Lesson 2
Word

Definition

Example

Synonym

Antonym

Word Family

expert (n)

someone who knows a lot

about a particular thing,

a collection of information
such as text, pictures, or
computer programs stored
together electronically with
a single name,

the part of a computer

where information and
programs are stored,
consisting of hard disks and
the electronic equipment
that reads what is stored on
them,
difficult or impossible to
believe,

I will ask for his advice;

he's an expert in
computers.
Do you want to download
all these files?

authority

amateur,
novice

expertise

a coloured liquid that you

use for writing, printing, or
drawing,
to put software onto a
computer,

The book is printed in

three different coloured
inks.
Follow the instructions to
install the new anti virus.

ipod (n)

a type of small MP3 player

log in/ on (v)

to connect a computer to a
system of computers by
typing your name, usually so
that you can start working,

the person who is in charge

of a business or acts as the
leader of a plan or project,

to make by machine in a
large quantity,

a place where goods are

sold,

Ipod comes in different

colours.
When you log in, type
your username and
password.

file (n)

hard drive (n)

incredible (adj)
ink (n)
install (v)

manager (n)

manufacture (v)
market (n)
miss (v)
model (adj)

monitor (n)

MP3 (n)
obvious (adj)
on the market
(phr)

to not see or hear something

or someone, ,

serving as an example or
ideal that should be copied,

a screen that shows

information or pictures,
usually connected to a
computer,

a computer file which stores

good-quality sound in a small
amount of space
easily seen or understood;
clear,
available to buy,

You will need a lot of

room on your hard drive
to install this computer
game.

We had an incredible time

last summer.

fabulous,
unbelievable

incredibly

installation

log off/ out

My father is the manager

of the company.

boss, director,
supervisor

managerial

This factory manufactures

cars.

produce

manufacturer

Fruit and vegetables are

sold at farmers' markets.
He missed his daughters
school play as he had to
work late.
Carmen has always been
a model citizen who
works to help the
community.
I can't see very well; there
must be a problem with
the monitor.

marketing

ideal

display

I have a lot of songs in

mp3 form.
It's obvious that she
doesn't like him.
They've put their house
on the market.

apparent,
evident

obscure

obviously

Unit 3 Lesson 2
Word

Definition

Example

plug in (v)

to connect a piece of
electrical equipment to an
electricity supply,

a machine that makes
printed copies from a
computer,
a cause or explanation for an
action, opinion, or event,

clever; Intelligent,

Could you plug the

computer in for me,
please?

printer (n)
reason (n)
smart (adj)
speaker (n)
stick (v)
stiff (adj)
store (n)
suggest (v)
switch on (v)
useful (adj)
valuable (adj)
volume (n)

an electronic device that

produces sound;
loudspeaker,
to become fixed in one
position and not be able to
move,
not moving or operating
easily,
a place where things are
sold,
to express an idea or plan for
someone to consider,

to turn on a light, television,

etc by using a switch,
( )
able to be used in a helpful,
practical, or effective way,

considered to be of great
worth; useful; important,

the level of sound produced

by a television, radio, etc,

Synonym

Antonym

Word Family

unplug

Please load more paper

into the printer.
He had a good reason for
being late.

argument,
cause, ground

Poppy is one of the

smartest kids I know.

bright, clever,
intelligent

dull, dumb,
stupid

My stereo system has two

speakers.
This drawer is stuck - I
can't open it.
I could hardly open the
stiff door.
Could you buy some
bread from the grocery
store?
We suggested several
ways to raise money.
Read the instructions
before you switch on the
machine.
We will find a lot of useful
information in this book.

catch, lodge
loose
shop
propose

stiffly,
stiffness

suggestion

turn on

switch off,
turn off

helpful

useless,
worthless

usefulness

That job gave him

valuable experience.

precious,
priceless

useless,
worthless

value

Would you please turn up

the volume on the CD
player?

loudness

Unit 3 Lesson 3
Word

Definition

Example

Synonym

appeal (v)

to attract or interest
someone,

Playing basketball appeals

to many boys.

draw, engage,
interest

appoint (v)

to officially choose someone

for a job,

assign, name,
nominate

aspect (n)

a part or element,

association (n)

the connection of one idea,

feeling, or emotion with
another,
a container for waste,

Ioanna was appointed as

company director last
year.
As homework we only
have to write about one
aspect of travel, that of
space travel.
This school has some
happy associations for
me.
Do you want this or shall I
throw it in the bin?

bin (n)

by accident,

Someone must have left

the door open by mistake.

accidentally

cable (n)

a wire covered by plastic

that carries electricity,
telephone signals, etc,

a symbol on a computer
screen which shows the
place where you are
working,
to harm or break something,

Our electricity was cut off

when the cable broke in
the storm.

cord, line, wire

Many houses were

damaged in the storm.

harm

delete (v)

to remove from a written

work,

eliminate,
erase

desire (n)

a strong hope or wish,

digital (adj)

using an electronic system

that changes sounds or
images into signals in the
form of numbers before it
stores them,
a piece of text produced
electronically on a computer,

to press the button of a

computer mouse twice,

a person who reads and
corrects materials for
publication,
when you are known by
many people because of
your achievements, skills,
etc,
a small disk inside a flat,
square piece of plastic used
for storing information
electronically from a
computer,
a set of letters and symbols
that are printed in a
particular design and size,

A computer can delete a

mistake with a click of the
mouse.
She has always had a
desire to travel and see
the world.
I wear a digital watch
because it's easy to read.

damage (v)

document (n)
double click (v)
editor (n)
fame (n)

floppy disk (n)

font (n)

Word Family
appealing

remove

connection,
identification,
relationship

by mistake (phr)

cursor (n)

Antonym

Could you move the text

with your cursor?

ambition, hope,
wish

add, enter

deletion

desirable

digitally

Can you help me create a

new document?
Double click on the icon
to open the file.
The editor made few
changes to the author's
new book.
Joe found fame and
fortune as an actor.
Before CDs, we had
floppy disks to store
information.
What size font are you
using?

edit, editorial
glory

famous

Unit 3 Lesson 3
Word

Definition

Example

for a while (n)

a period of time, especially a

short one,
a feeling of being sorry or
responsible for having done
something wrong,

Could you be quiet for a

while?
You could see the guilt on
her face after she broke
her neighbour's window.

a quality that makes people

laugh or feel amused,

a small picture on a
computer screen that you
choose in order to make the
computer do something,

a short song that is used to

advertise a product on the
radio or television,

small in amount or number,

Her speech was full of

humour.

wit

Click on the print icon.

image

a very small computer which

you can carry easily,

belonging to or done by a
particular person or thing,

used to talk about one thing
or person and not others,

the act of convincing

someone to believe
something or do something,

Did you bring your

notepad to show me the
video?
I bought this coat with my
own money.

guilt (n)

humour (n)
icon (n)

jingle (n)

limited (adj)
notepad (n)
own (adj)
particular (adj)
persuasion (n)

properly (adv)

correctly,

prospectus (n)

select (v)

a book or magazine which

gives information about a
school, or business for future
students or customers,

to make again a drawing or
plan of something that will
be made or built,

to return to an earlier or
original condition,

the systematic study of the

physical world, especially
based on examining, testing,
and proving facts,
to choose; pick,

similar (adj)

almost the same,

space (n)

an empty area which is

available to be used,

redesign (v)

restore (v)
science (n)

Synonym

Antonym

Word Family

guilty

humourless,
humorous

We use jingles with young

children because they are
easy to remember.
We have limited time to
finish the job.

Is there any particular

song you'd like to listen
to?
It took a lot of persuasion
to convince the
committee of the
advantages of the new
programme.
The DVD player doesn't
work properly.

restricted

limitless

personal
specific

particularly
persuade

right

improperly,
wrong

fix, repair

deteriorate,
ruin

I picked up a really
impressive prospectus for
the new school.
He had his house
redesigned as the first
design wasn't successful.
It took many months to
restore the old house.
Many natural phenomena
around us can be
explained through
science.
Please select the song you
would like to play.
We have similar tastes in
music.
There wasn't enough
space for everyone.

restoration
scientist,
scientific

choose,
pick
alike
room

selection
different

similarity,
similarly

Unit 3 Lesson 3
Word

Definition

Example

suit yourself (phr)

an expression used either

humorously or angrily to
mean 'do what you want to
do',
a piece of work to be done;
duty,

"Mind if I sit here?"

he said.
"Suit yourself"

task (n)
technique (n)
theme (n)
troubleshooting
(n)

the particular method or

way of doing or performing
something,
the main subject or topic,

discovering why something

does not work effectively
and making suggestions
about how to improve it,

Synonym

Antonym

Word Family

He gives me a different
task to complete every
day.
There is a new technique
for fighting pollution.

assignment, job,
work
method, mode,
way

technical

The theme of his talk was

world peace.

subject, topic

thematic

The instruction manual

includes a section on
troubleshooting to help
you with any problems
you might have with the
camera.

Unit 4 Lesson 1
Word

Definition

Example

Synonym

admire (v)

to have a high opinion of;

respect,

appreciate,
respect

admiration,
admirer

amazing (adj)

causing great surprise or

wonder,

I admire my dad because

he works hard, but he
also takes time to be with
us kids.
We saw some amazing
fish that looked like plants
at the aquarium.

astonishing

amazement

anxious (adj)

feeling worried, nervous, or

afraid about something
uncertain,
knowing that something
exists, or having knowledge
of a particular thing (usually
followed by "of"),
the way a person acts or
behaves,

She was anxious as she

waited to see the doctor.

nervous,
worried

calm, lighthearted

anxiously,
anxiety

I am aware of the
problems facing our
planet.

conscious

ignorant,
unaware,
unconscious

awareness

Miss Cole's behaviour at

lunch was shocking.

action, conduct

to cut or pierce with the

teeth,
to close or hold something
very tightly, often in a
determined or angry way,

the sharing or exchange of

messages, information, or
ideas,

Dont stroke the dog it

bites.
She clenched her teeth as
the doctor set the broken
bone.

someone who is able to tell

people about their ideas and
emotions in a way that other
people understand,

eager to learn or know,

Obviously teachers have

to be good
communicators.

differ (v)
emotion (n)

aware (adj)

behaviour (n)
bite (v)
clench (v)

communication
(n)
communicator
(n)

curious (adj)

extract (n)

eyebrow (n)

communicate,
communicative

She was curious about

how stars were formed.

inquisitive

curiosity

to be not the same as; be

unlike,

The twins look alike but

differ in most other ways.

contrast

a strong feeling such as joy,

hatred, sorrow, or fear,

a particular part of a book,

poem, etc. that is chosen so
that it can be used in a
discussion, article, etc,

the line of short hairs above

each eye in humans,

Like a lot of men, he finds

it hard to express his
emotions.
They published an extract
from his autobiography.

feeling

He's got really thick

eyebrows.

brow

It is a fact that water

covers most of the earth's
surface.
Rick failed at his maths
test.
He folded his arms and
leaned against the wall.

truth

The teacher glared at the

noisy students.

scowl

something said or known to

be true,

fail (v)

to not do or not succeed in

doing,
to bring together by crossing
or twining together,

to look directly and

continuously in an angry
way,

fold (v)
glare (v)

Word Family

interaction

fact (n)

Sign language is a form of

communication used by
deaf people.

Antonym

cross

agree, look
alike

difference,
different
emotional

factual
succeed

failure

unfold

folded

Unit 4 Lesson 1
Word

Definition

Example

Synonym

Antonym

Word Family

importance (n)

the quality or condition of

having great significance or
value,
when someone puts a liquid,
especially a drug, into a
person's body using a needle
and a syringe,
to have or develop an
opinion about something or
someone, usually after
thinking carefully,
a piece of paper which gives
you information or
advertises something,

one of the two soft, red

edges of the mouth,
to mimic, especially with
body gestures rather than
words,
something that someone
should or should not do
because of a law or moral
principle,
when someone asks you if
you would like to have
something or if you would
like them to do something,

a person or organization you

are closely involved with in
some way,
a quick or secret look,

The doctor talked about

the importance of a
healthy diet.
The doctor gave me an
injection of antibiotics.

significance

insignificance

important

You shouldnt judge

people on their
appearance.

assess

injection (n)

judge (v)

leaflet (n)

lip (n)
mime (v)
obligation (n)

offer (n)

partner (n)
peep (n)

Demonstrators handed
out leaflets to passers-by.
She kissed me on the lips.
The acting students had
to mime eating an apple.
In some countries,
military service is an
obligation.

duty,
responsibility

I accepted Yvette's offer

of help with the cleaning.

suggestion

He gave up his job as a

police officer after his
partner was killed.
She took a peep at the
cake to see if it was done.

associate

percentage (n)

an amount of something,
often expressed as a number
out of 100, %

What percentage of
women return to work
after having a baby?

prediction (n)

a statement that something

might happen or is expected
to happen,
why you do something or
why something exists,

the place where any event

takes place,

Jean's prediction that the

relationship wouldnt last
was right.
The purpose of wearing
boots is to keep your feet
warm and dry.
They rushed to the scene
of the accident.

an occasion when a teacher

or expert and a group of
people meet to study and
discuss something,

in a serious way, not joking,

I attended practically
every lecture and seminar
when I was a student.

purpose (n)
scene (n)
seminar (n)

seriously (adv)
shoulder (n)
shout (v)

the part of the human body

between the neck and the
upper arm,
to call out loudly; yell,

judgement

You're not seriously

thinking of leaving, are
you?
Then she put her arm
round my shoulder and
gave me a kiss.
He shouted to his friend
across the street.

partnership

glance, glimpse,
peek
percent

forecast

predict

aim, goal,
objective

purposeful

location

cry, yell

whisper

shouting

Unit 4 Lesson 1
Word

Definition

Example

Synonym

situation (n)

state of affairs;
circumstances,

condition

sketch (n)

a short written or spoken

story which does not have
many details,
to press firmly together,

The snowstorm put the

drivers in a dangerous
situation.
We prepared a sketch for
the Christmas show.
He squeezed my hand as
he said goodbye.

compress, pinch

squeeze (v)
squint (v)
stare (v)
statement (n)

strategy (n)
suggestion (n)
teeth (n)

to partly close the eyelids,

to look in a steady, fixed
way, with the eyes open
wide,
something said or written
formally,
a method or plan of action
that you intend to use for
some purpose,
expressing an idea or plan
for someone to consider,

plural form of tooth,

Everyone stared at the

boy with the ripped shirt.
The company made a
statement to everyone
about the new hours of
work.
What is your strategy for
winning the game?
Any helpful suggestions
would be welcome.

Our neighbour uses

threats to frighten us
away from his property.

throat (n)

the front of the neck, or the

space inside the neck down
which food and air can go,

a quality in the voice which

expresses the speaker's
feelings or thoughts; the
character of a sound,

moving or facing in the

direction of,

A fish bone got stuck in

my throat.

twist (v)
unbelievable
(adj)

to turn in order to face

another direction,

astounding or very hard to

believe,

squeezer

gaze, peer

design,
manoeuvre,
plan, scheme
offer

strategical
suggest

I always brush my teeth in

the morning.

a statement that harm or

punishment will follow,

towards (prep)

Word Family

We squinted in the sun.

threat (n)

tone (n)

Antonym

threatening

The tone of this old violin

is warm and rich.

We walked towards the

main street.
The road twists and turns
for many kilometres.
The wedding cake was so
high that it was
unbelievable.

fabulous,
incredible

believable,
likely

unbelievably

Unit 4 Lesson 2
Word

Definition

Example

Synonym

Antonym

Word Family

apathetic (adj)

having or displaying little or

no emotion, concern, or
interest; indifferent,

indifferent,
unconcerned,
unmoved

finding something tedious or

dull; uninterested,

the particular combination of

qualities in a person or place
that makes them different
from others,
unhappy because someone
or something was not as
good as you hoped or
expected, or because
something did not happen,

a movement of one's body

or face that shows feeling or
thought,

eager,
emotional,
enthusiastic,
zealous

apathetically

bored (adj)

The prisoners cried out

for help, but the apathetic
guards continued to play
their game.
He was getting bored of
doing the same thing
every day.
Politeness is traditionally
part of the British
character.

character (n)

disappointed
(adj)

gesture (n)

guilty (adj)

feeling guilt or regret,

intonation (n)

the sound changes produced

by the rise and fall of the
voice when speaking,

unhappy and angry because

you think someone might
take something or someone
that you love away from you,

what something expresses or

represents,

jealous (adj)

meaning (n)
psycho-analyst
(n)
respond (v)
schoolmate (n)
secret (n)
shy (adj)
wave (v)

excited

boredom

attributes,
identity,
personality

We were deeply
disappointed about the
result.

happy,
pleased,
satisfied

disappoint,
disappointment

innocent

guilt

Raising your hand in class

is a gesture that shows
you wish to speak.

motion, sign,
signal

When I asked her what

happened to the car, a
guilty look came over her
face.
In English, rising
intonation at the end of a
statement usually signals
a question.
She becomes jealous
when her mother kisses
and holds the baby.

regretful,
remorseful

What is the meaning of

this word?

definition,
sense,
signification

meaningful

answer, reply,
return

response

someone trained and

licensed in the profession of
psychoanalysis,

to give a reply, in words or

otherwise,

He sees a psycho-analyst
twice a week.

a fellow pupil at school with

whom one is acquainted or
friendly,
something deliberately
hidden, such as knowledge
or information,
nervous and uncomfortable
with other people,

to make a gesture by moving

a hand, arm, or object up
and down or back and forth,

Yesterday I met an old

schoolmate.

I asked her a question,

but she did not respond.

intonational

jealously,
jealousy

psychoanalysis

The recipe is a family

secret.
The shy child did not talk
to anyone in class.
She gave a quick wave
and she got on the train.

secretive, secretly
reserved, timid

bold,
confident

shyness

Unit 4 Lesson 3
Word

Definition

Example

accessory (n)

an item added on to
something else to make it
prettier, more complete, or
more useful,

I borrowed her purse and

earrings because I needed
some accessories that
matched my outfit.

African (adj)

having to do with Africa, or

its people or languages,

The African continent is

home to many different
ethnic and racial groups.

belt (n)

a strip of cloth, leather, or

other material worn around
the waist,
a band or chain worn around
the wrist or arm as an
ornament,

She fastened her belt

tightly around her waist.

bracelet (n)

chain (n)

dimension (n)

a row of links, usually made

of metal, that are joined
together and used to pull,
hold, or fasten something,

size as measured in length,

width, or depth,

The dimensions of the

box are two feet long, one
foot wide, and six inches
deep.
She was wearing two
earrings in her left ear.

a piece of jewellry worn on

the earlobe,

easy going (adj)

relaxed and not easily upset

or worried, ,

feeling nervous and

uncomfortable and worrying
about what people think of
you,
the act of telling or showing
thoughts or feelings,

relating to the face,

the style of clothes or way of
acting that is popular,

He's a friendly, easy-going

type of guy.

a curved plastic strip worn in

the hair, which fits closely
over the top of the head and
behind the ears,

a short coat, ,

the people or language of

Japan, ,
,
a type of thin book with
large pages and a paper
cover which contains articles
and photographs and is
published every week or
month,
coloured substances used on
your face to improve your
appearance,

She has dark skin so she

always wears red hair
bands.

expression (n)
facial (adj)
fashion (n)
hairband (n)

jacket (n)
Japanese (adj)
magazine (n)

make-up (n)

Antonym

Word Family

Bracelets can be
manufactured from
metal, leather, cloth,
plastic or other material.
Mary was wearing a
beautiful silver chain
around her neck.

earring (n)

embarrassed
(adj)

Synonym

measurement,
size

Lori gets embarrassed if

we ask her to sing.
His gift was an expression
of his love.
Many men shave their
facial hair.
What's the fashion in
skirts these days?

The keys are in my jacket

pocket.
Japanese cars are very
good.
She has written articles
for several women's
magazines.

I only put on a little eye

make-up.

embarrassment

communication,
show

express,
expressive
facially

trend

fashionable

Unit 4 Lesson 3
Word

Definition

Example

nervous (adj)

worried and anxious,

a frightening dream,

I was too nervous to

speak.
Alice was awakened by a
terrible nightmare.

outfit (n)

a complete set of clothes,

Gretta bought a new

summer outfit.

point (v)

to show direction or
location,
to hit with the fist,

She pointed her finger at

me.
My brother punched
someone in the face.

aim, direct,
show
box, hit

real (adj)

not imagined; actually

existing; true,

similarity (n)

when people or things look

or are the same,

actual,
authentic,
true
likeness,
resemblance

sketch (v)

to make a simple drawing of

something,

suit (v)

to be right for a particular

person, situation or
occasion,
(plural) a pair of eyeglasses
with dark lenses to protect
the eyes from bright
sunlight,
a piece of informal clothing
with long sleeves, usually
made of thick cotton, worn
on the upper part of the
body during exercise to soak
up sweat,
loose, comfortable clothes,
usually trousers and a top,
especially worn for
exercising,

a small device for measuring

and showing the time, often
worn on the wrist,

to have clothing, jewellery,

etc. on your body,

It's hard to believe that

real dinosaurs once
walked the earth.
I can see the similarity
between you and your
mother.
The art students were
told to sketch the
landscape.
Green really suits you.

nightmare (n)

punch (v)

sunglasses (n)

sweatshirt (n)

tracksuit (n)

watch (n)

wear (v)
wrist-band (n)

a piece of material which

goes around the wrist,

Sunglasses help cancel

out harmful UV rays from
the sun.
She was dressed casually
in jeans and a sweatshirt.

These tracksuits come in a

variety of designs and
colours.
He glanced nervously at
his watch.
He wears a suit to work
everyday.
One type of wrist-band is
also known as a
sweatband, and is usually
made of a towel-like
terrycloth material.

Synonym

Antonym

Word Family
nervously,
nervousness

imaginary,
unreal

reality

difference,
diversity

similar, similarity

design, draft,
outline, draw

sketcher

fit, match

suitable

Unit 5 Introduction
Word

Definition

Example

bike (n)

(informal) a short form of

bicycle or motorcycle,

a doctor who takes care of

the teeth and mouth,

My father bought me a
bike as a birthday
present.
You should have your
teeth checked by a
dentist at least twice a
year.
She dyed her hair purple
for Halloween.

dentist (n)

dye (v)
lexical (adj)

to change the colour of

something using a special
liquid,
relating to words,

topic (n)

a subject of discussion or
conversation,

vs (prep)

(an abbreviation for versus)

against; in opposition to; in
contrast to, ,

Synonym

Word Family

dental

colour, stain,
tint

WordNet is a large lexical

database of English.
The teacher assigned
each group a topic to
discuss.
Tomorrow's game is
Newcastle vs. Arsenal.

Antonym

lexically
issue, subject,
theme

Unit 5 Lesson 1
Word

Definition

Example

Synonym

admission (n)

the act, process, or result of

allowing to enter,

entrance, entry

archaeology (n)

the study of past human life,

artifact (n)

any object made by human

beings,

Admission to the
exhibition will be by
invitation only.
The purpose of
archaeology is to learn
more about past societies
and the development of
the human race.
The museum had an
exhibit of ancient
Mexican artifacts.

be off (exp)

turn off,

change (n)

when something becomes

different,

It is cold because the

heating is off.
There are two changes in
the class schedule today.

coin (n)

a piece of metal money that

is small, flat, and round

Pennies, nickels, dimes,

and quarters are all coins.

comprehension
(n)

the ability to understand

completely and be familiar
with a situation, facts, etc.,

extremely attractive or
exciting,

His comprehension of
mathematics is good.

dazzling (n)
display (n)

a collection of objects or
pictures arranged for people
to look at,

document (n)

a written or printed paper

that gives factual
information or proof of
something,
an object such as a painting
that is shown to the public,

a bone, a shell or the shape

of a plant or animal which
has been preserved in rock
for a very long period,

(informal for refrigerator); a

piece of kitchen equipment
which uses electricity to
preserve food at a cold
temperature,
in reality or actuality,

exhibit (n)
fossil (n)

fridge (n)

In fact
introduce (v)

to bring to public notice,

jewellery (n)

rings, watches, necklaces, or

other ornaments; jewels,

a device with a system of

parts that work together to
perform a task,

machine (n)

Antonym

Word Family

archaeologist,
archaeological

artifactual

changing

knowledge,
understanding

comprehent

That was a dazzling

performance.
There's an Egyptian art
collection on display at
the museum at the
moment.
Birth certificates,
marriage licenses, and
passports are kinds of
documents.
He studied the dinosaur
exhibits at the museum.

exhibit

exhibition

The branch of geology

that studies fossils is
called palaeontology.
I put the milk in the fridge
to keep it cold.

refrigerator

In fact, it was a wonder

anyone survived.
The principal introduced
his idea of a special
reward for students who
do their homework on
time.
She wears a lot of gold
jewellery.

present

Cars, computers, hair

dryers, and vacuum
cleaners are all examples
of machines.

mechanism

introduction,
introductory

jeweller
machinelike,
machinery

Unit 5 Lesson 1
Word

Definition

Example

Synonym

manage (v)

to succeed in doing in spite

of problems,
a substance formed in the
earth that is not of an animal
or a plant,
all the animals, plants, rocks,
etc. in the world and all the
features, forces and
processes that happen or
exist independently of
people,
a pad of writing paper,

Anna finally managed to

escape.
The study of minerals is
called mineralogy.

succeed at

painting (n)

a specific picture done by a

painter,

Her painting won second

prize at the art show.

souvenir (n)

something kept as a
reminder of a place, event,
or friendship, ,

a person who talks or gives a

speech,

He bought a glass egg as a

souvenir of the ostrich
farm.

suitcase (n)

a case used for carrying

clothing and personal items,

I packed my suitcase.

treasure (n)

money or valuable items

that have been collected or
stored up,
the title of male Russian
rulers before 1917 (another
spelling of czar),

The king has treasures

worth millions of dollars.

mineral (n)
nature (n)

notepad (n)

speaker (n)

Tsar (n)

This new technique of

artificially growing cells
copies what actually
happens in nature.

Antonym

Word Family
management,
manager

natural

I wrote down her number

on my notepad.

memento

Everyone turned around

to see the speaker of
these surprising words.

The title Tsar is derived

from the Latin word for
emperor, Caesar.

speak,
speech

fortune

Unit 5 Lesson 2
Word

Definition

Example

Big Ben (n)

the nickname for the great

bell of the clock at the north
end of the Palace of
Westminster in London,

a large, usually tall building
divided into separate parts
for use as offices or homes
by several different
organizations or people,

a large building that is
divided into flats,

a road or path built over a

road or river so that you can
walk or drive from one side
to the other,
the London home and
primary residence of the
British monarch,

Big Ben has become one

of the most prominent
symbols of London.

block (n)

block of flats (n)

bridge (n)

Buckingham
Palace (n)

cartoon (n)

a drawing or series of
drawings that make people
laugh or think; comic strip,

conversation (n)

talk between people,

encyclopaedia (n)

a book that has information

on a wide variety of subjects,
or on many aspects of one
subject,
something that a person has
done or lived through,

a British word for a group of

connected rooms on one
floor used as a place to live,

a present or something
which is given,

experience (n)
flat (n)

gift (n)
grammatical (adj)

Greenwich (n)
Harrods (n)

Synonym

Antonym

Word Family

That building over there is

an office block.

There is a new block of

flats in my
neighbourhood.
There are two bridges
across the river near here.
Buckingham Palace is
used to entertain guests
on state, ceremonial and
official occasions.
I like watching Tom and
Jerry cartoons but my
favourite cartoon
character is Mickey
Mouse.
There is little time for
conversation at work.

cartoonist

communication,
dialogue,
discussion

converse

The war was a terrible

experience for everyone.

knowledge

experienced

We'll be staying in a flat in

London for six months.

apartment,
lodging,
residence

The guests all arrived

bringing gifts.

present

Encyclopaedias are
arranged in alphabetical
order.

having to do with the rules

for forming the words and
sentences of a language,

a borough of London,

Pete's paper had several

grammatical errors in it.

a high-end department store

located in Brompton Road in
Brompton, Kensington,
(

)

At Harrods.com you may

discover luxury gifts for
every occasion and
exclusive beauty
products.

Greenwich is best known

for its maritime history.

grammar,
grammatically,
grammaticality

Unit 5 Lesson 2
Word

Definition

Example

HMS Belfast (n)

a museum ship, permanently

moored in London on the
River Thames and operated
by the Imperial War
Museum,

a time, often one or two
weeks, when someone does
not go to work or school but
is free to do what they want,
such as travel or relax,

knowledge or facts that

come from a source,

causing attention to or
concern about,

HMS Belfast is a unique

reminder of Britain's 20th
century naval heritage.

holiday (n)

information (n)
interesting (adj)
London Eye (n)

Madam
Tussauds (n)

a giant 135-metre tall wheel

situated on the banks of the
River Thames, in London,
England,
(
)
a wax museum and a major
tourist attraction in London,

period (n)

a length of time,

practice (n)

doing something regularly

or repeatedly to improve
your skill at doing it,

an office worker employed

primarily to greet visitors,
and answer routine
questions,
an open space in a town,
with big buildings all round,

St Paul's Cathedral is a
Church of England cathedral
dedicated to Paul the
Apostle,

Tower Bridge is a bridge in
London, England, over the
River Thames,
( )
a historic castle on the north
bank of the River Thames in
central London,

receptionist (n)

square (n)
St Paul's
Cathedral (n)

Tower Bridge (n)

Tower of London
(n)

Synonym

Antonym

Word Family

Patricia is on holiday next

week.

The newspaper is full of

information.
I've read all her books,
because she is an
interesting author.
The London Eye is also
known as the Millennium
Wheel.

Madam Tussaud's
displays waxworks of
historical and royal
figures, film stars and
sports stars.
Her work means that she
spends long periods away
from home.
Leila spends a few hours
every day on violin
practice.
A receptionist is often the
first business contact a
person will meet at any
organization.
The hotel is in the main
square of the town,
opposite the town hall.
St Paul's Cathedral is the
seat of the Bishop of
London.
Tower Bridge is close to
the Tower of London,
which gives it its name
Her Majesty's Royal
Palace and Fortress is
more commonly known
as the Tower of London.

data,
knowledge,
material
stimulating

drill, exercise,
repetition

inform,
informative
dull,
monotonous

interest

practise

reception

Unit 5 Lesson 2
Word

Definition

Example

Trafalgar Square
(n)

a tourist attraction square in

central London, England,

trip (n)

a journey in which you go

somewhere, usually for a
short time, and come back
again,
comparative of 'bad',

At the centre of Trafalgar

Square is Nelson's
Column, which is guarded
by four lion statues at its
base.
I made two trips to the
store today.

worse (adj)

I think this film is worse

than the one I saw last
week.

Synonym

Antonym

better

Word Family

Unit 5 Lesson 3
Word

Definition

Example

archaeologist (n)

someone who studies the

buildings, graves, tools and
other objects of people who
lived in the past,

to cut off the head of,

Archaeologists examine
ancient sites and objects
to learn about the past.

behead (v)

biography (n)

the written story of the facts

and events of a person's life,

collection (n)

a gathering of a group of
things of the same type,

the son or daughter of an

aunt or uncle, /
the act of judging what is
good or bad in something

cousin (n)
criticism (n)
development (n)
die (v)

the act of developing or

bringing to a completed
state,
to stop living; become dead,

Louis XVI, the King of

France, was beheaded
during the French
Revolution.
A new biography of
Abraham Lincoln reveals
the mystery of his
assassination.
We saw a coin collection
at the museum.
Harry and I are cousins.
The teacher's criticism
helped us to become
better learners.
The development of the
new shopping mall took
several years.
The plant died because he
never watered it.

different (adj)

not the same; not alike,

dig (v)

to make a hole by removing

dirt, sand, or the like,

divorce (v)

to end your marriage by an

official or legal process,

a mammal that lives in the
water,

Dolphins look like large

fish but they breathe air.

excavate (v)

to uncover by digging,

Archaeologists excavated
the ancient city.

follow (v)

to come or go after or
behind,
a space or blank in
something that is otherwise
connected or complete,
the written record of things
that happened in the past,

He followed me down the

street.
There are gaps in my diary
where I didn't feel like
writing anything.
Abraham Lincoln was a
famous president in the
history of the United
States.
The materials for the tree
house included wood,
metal, and rope.
The Minoan civilization
was rediscovered at the
beginning of the 20th
century through the work
of the British
archaeologist Arthur
Evans.

dolphin (n)

gap (n)
history (n)

material (n)
Minoan (adj)

anything used for building or

making something else,

relating to the advanced

Bronze Age culture that
flourished in Crete from
about 3000 to 1100 B.C.,

The twins wore different

shirts so the teacher
could tell them apart.
Pirates dig for buried
treasure.

Synonym

Antonym

Word Family
archaeological,
archaeology

biographical

accumulation,
assortment,
group, set

collect, collector

complaint

critisize

advancement,
enlargement,
growth
expire, pass,
pass away,
perish
distinct

decline

develop,
developemental

live, survive

dead,
death

identical,
related, same

difference,
differently

bury

excavation

burrow

She's divorcing her

husband.

unearth

blank, interval,
opening
historic,
historical
stuff, substance

Unit 5 Lesson 3
Word

Definition

Example

Synonym

note (n)

a short piece of writing,

We got caught passing

notes in class.

memo

owner (n)

the person that something

belongs to,

We need to find out who

the owner of this
notebook is and return it.

possessor

ownership

palace (n)

the official home of a king or

queen or other persons of
high rank or authority,

a building for holding and

punishing people who have
broken the law,
a massive monument of
ancient Egypt built over a
crypt or tomb,

Many historic palaces are

now put to other uses
such as parliaments and
museums.
People who sell drugs will
be sent to prison.

jail

imprison,
prisoner

prison (n)
pyramid (n)

recent (adj)
report (v)
role (n)

site (n)
statue (n)
step (n)
storeroom (n)
survive (v)
text (n)

having to do with or
happening in the very near
past,
to tell; state,
the position or purpose that
someone or something has
in a situation, organization,
society or relationship,
a place where something is
built, or where something
happened,
a piece of art that is made
out of stone, metal, or other
material,
an act or stage in a series,

a storage room for

inventory, supplies, or
equipment,
to continue to live despite
serious threat to one's life,

the written words in a book,

magazine, etc., not the
pictures,

thousand (n)

the number 1,000,

understand (v)

to get the meaning, nature,

or importance of,

a small town or community,

often in the country,

village (n)

wonder (n)

a thing or event that causes

admiration, surprise, or
amazement,

The earliest known

Egyptian pyramids are
found at Saqqara,
northwest of Memphis
After the recent storm,
many people are still
without electricity.
I reported the good news
to my friends.

late

distant

narrate, relate,
say, state, tell

What is his role in this

project?

part

The council haven't yet

chosen the site for the
new hospital.
There are some statues in
front of the museum.

locality

Follow the steps carefully

in putting together the
bicycle.
We have to clean the
storeroom twice a year.

procedure,
stage

They had so little food

that it was a miracle they
survived.
You can skip the
questions at the end of
each chapter and read
only the text.
A picture is worth a
thousand words.

exist

Do you understand what

you're reading?

comprehend,
follow, perceive

We stayed in a charming
bed-and-breakfast in a
lakeside village.
The mountains in Oregon
are natural wonders.

Antonym

Word Family

recently
reporter

survival,
surviving,
survivor

misunderstan
d
villager

marvel, miracle,
phenomenon

wonderful

Unit 5 Lesson 3
Word

Definition

Example

Synonym

Antonym

Word Family

wonderful (adj)

causing feelings of wonder;

excellent or amazing,

She has made wonderful

progress in school this
year.

admirable,
amazing,
excellent,
terrific

awful, lousy

wonderfully

Unit 6 Introduction
Word

Definition

Example

aluminium (n)

a strong, light, silver metal

that does not easily rust.
Aluminum is a chemical
element,
measure; quantity,

Aluminium cans can be

used for recycling.

a usual amount or kind;

something that is not outside
the ordinary,
to separate suddenly into
two or more pieces, or to
stop working by being
damaged,
to cause something to
weaken or decay,

The temperature this

winter was average for
our area.
The dish fell to the floor
and broke.

amount (n)
average (n)
break (v)

break down (v)

can (n)

cheap (adj)
cost (v)
hypothesis (n)

make up
(something) (v)
pollutant (n)

unless (conj)
waste (n)

a closed metal container,

especially a cylindrical one,
in which some types of drink
and food are sold,
costing little money or less
than is usual or expected,

to have the price of; amount

of money, given in exchange
for something else,
a prediction or educated
guess that can be tested and
can be used to guide further
study,
to form a particular thing,
amount or number as a
whole,
a waste material that
pollutes air, water or soil,
and is the cause of pollution,

except; on the condition
that,
unwanted matter or material
of any type, often that which
is left after useful substances
or parts have been removed,

Synonym

Antonym

Word Family

This amount of snow isn't

enough for skiing.

Temperatures were high

enough to break down
the chemicals.
When we went camping
we took with us cans of
food.
I got a cheap flight at the
last minute.

mean, normal
damage

breakage

container, tin

cheaply

inexpensive,
reasonable

"How much does this

book cost?" "It costs
25."
This chapter explains
scientists' new hypothesis
about the birth of stars.

costly, dear,
expensive
cost (n)
hypothetical

Road accident victims

make up almost a quarter
of the hospital's patients.
The water in this area has
a lot of toxic pollutants.
We won't go unless we're
invited.
Britain produces 20
million tonnes of
household waste each
year.

taint

garbage, litter,
rubbish

pollute, pollution

Unit 6 Lesson 1
Word

Definition

Example

Synonym

agency (n)

a business which represents

one group of people when
dealing with another group,

a written list showing the

cost of items bought or
services provided,

to draw air into the lungs

and let it out,

There is a large job

agency that supplies
workers for several
companies in the area.
They sent us a bill for the
work they had done.

company

He was breathing hard

after running.

inhale

the process of taking in air

and letting it out,
the part of a finished
cigarette that has not been
smoked,

I was kept awake by his

heavy breathing.
Cigarette butts are one of
the most commonly
found forms of litter on
the street.
My friends and I had a
great time at summer
camp this year.
They left the flat in a
terrible condition - there
was mess everywhere.

inhaling

Her stomach-ache was a

consequence of eating
too much.
The tea leaves come in a
small metal container.

conclusion,
effect,
outcome, result
box

We took a long drive

through the open
countryside.
He bought a packet of salt
and vinegar crisps.

country, land

bill (n)

breathe (v)
breathing (n)
butt (n)

camp (n)
condition (n)

a place where people stay in

tents or other temporary
structures,
the particular state that
something or someone is in,

consequence (n)

that which follows; result,

container (n)

something, such as a box,

barrel, or can, that holds or
can hold something else,

land that is outside cities and

towns; a rural area,

countryside (n)
crisp (n)

dawn (n)
decompose (v)
decrease (n)
dirty (adj)
disgrace (n)
dizzy (adj)

(usually plural) a very thin,

often round piece of fried
potato, sometimes with a
flavour added, and sold
especially in plastic bags,

the period in the day when

light from the sun begins to
appear in the sky,
to decay,
the amount by which
something becomes less,

not clean,
that which has or causes
shame,
having a feeling of spinning
around and being about to
lose your balance,

Antonym

Word Family

check,
statement
breath,
breathless

camper
situation, state

crispy

We woke up at dawn.
After our garbage
decomposes, we spread it
in the garden.
The store offered a ten
percent decrease in
prices.
The windows were so
dirty you could hardly see
out of them.
He is a disgrace to his
family.
The children were dizzy
after spinning in circles.

crumble,
disintegrate,
rot, spoil
cut, decline,
drop

decomposition
rise

decreasing,
decreasingly

soiled

clean

dirt

shame

credit, honour

faint, giddy

dizzily, dizziness

Unit 6 Lesson 1
Word

Definition

Example

Synonym

drain (n)

a device, such as a pipe,

through which a liquid is
drained,

pipe, siphon,
tube

drop (v)

to fall or to allow something

to fall,
to get rid of something
unwanted, especially by
leaving it in a place where it
is not allowed to be,
a place where people are
allowed to leave their
rubbish,

A drain is a plumbing
fixture that provides an
exit-point for waste water
or water that is to be recirculated.
I'm always dropping
things.
Several old cars had been
dumped near the beach.

dump (v)

dump (n)

educate (v)
encourage (v)

fine (n)

flood (v)
fuel (n)

Gypsy (n)

habit (n)

to provide knowledge,
training, and guidance to,

to give hope or courage to;

give confidence to,

an amount of money that

has to be paid as a
punishment for not obeying
a rule or law,
to cover or fill with a flow of
water,
a substance which is used to
provide heat or power,
usually by being burned,

a member of a race of
people originally from
northern India who typically
used to travel from place to
place, and now live
especially in Europe and
North America,
a regular action; routine,

Antonym

Word Family
drainable,
drainer

discard, get rid

of

I need to clear out the

shed and take everything
I don't want to the dump.
A teacher's job is to
educate students.

instruct, teach,
coach

Winning in the first round

encouraged the team and
gave them confidence
that they could win.

discourage

education,
educational,
educator
encouragement

The maximum penalty for

the offence is a 1,000
euro fine.
The rains flooded the
fields.
Wood, coal, oil, petrol
and gas are all different
kinds of fuel.

overflow,
overrun

flooded

routine

habitual

Many Gypsy groups have

preserved elements of
their traditional culture,
including the Romany
language.
His habit is to brush his
teeth before putting on
his pyjamas.
He became ill with fever.

ill (adj)

not healthy; sick,

infect (v)

to spread germs or disease

to,

intelligence (n)

the ability to learn, reason,

and understand,

junk (n)

things having little worth,

The garage is filled with

junk.

key point (exp)

main point,

We had to find out the

key point of the story.

laziness (n)

when you are not willing to

give much effort or to work,

I could go to the gym - it's

just laziness that stops
me.

If you cover your mouth

when you cough, you
won't infect others with
your cold.
Those math problems are
easy for him because of
his high intelligence.

sick, unhealthy,
unwell
contaminate

healthy, well

illness
infection,
infectious

intellect, mind,
understanding,
wit

intelligent

garbage,
rubbish, trash

apathy, inertia,
lethargy

diligence,
liveliness

lazy

Unit 6 Lesson 1
Word

Definition

Example

lead (n)

a very dense, soft, dark-grey,

poisonous metal, used
especially in the past on
roofs and for pipes and also
for protection against
radiation,
an amount of something
carried,

Lead is used in building

construction, batteries,
bullets and weights.

load (n)
local (adj)

Mayor (n)

having to do with a
particular place such as a
neighbourhood or town,

the head of government in a

village, town, or city,

The train carried its load

of timber down from the
mountains.
They called the local
police for help.
Worldwide, there is a
wide variance in local
laws and customs
regarding the powers and
responsibilities of a
Mayor.
I had to agree that my
room was a mess.

mess (n)

a state of being dirty or not

neat,

mosquito (n)

an insect with a thin body

and two wings which bites
and sucks the blood of
animals and people,

at the place where an event

is happening or has recently
happened,

Did you know that

mosquitoes spread
diseases?

a man who is an officer of

the law and works to catch
criminals and help keep
people safe,
something that happens
because of something else,

The policeman stopped

the woman because she
was driving too fast.

on the spot (phr)

policeman (n)

result (n)

reuse (v)

We were surprised by the

result of the experiment.
She will not reuse her
glass until it has been
washed.
It's a shame you can't
take a few weeks off.

sick (adj)

physically or mentally ill; not

well or healthy,

They rushed the sick child

to the hospital.

smog (n)

air pollution, especially in

cities, that is caused by a
mixture of smoke, gases and
chemicals, ,

the grey, black or white

mixture of gas and very small
pieces of carbon that is
produced when something
burns,
a cleaning substance that is
made from fat or oil and
comes in the form of a bar,
liquid, powder, or flakes,

Smog is a major problem

in Athens.

smoke (n)

soap (n)

Antonym

Word Family
unleaded

contents

disorder,
muddle

tidiness

messy

The police were called

and they were on the spot
within three minutes.

to use again or use more

than once,

something to feel badly

about, ,

shame (n)

Synonym

She leaned back

thoughtfully and blew a
puff of smoke into the air.
Soap is mainly used for
washing, bathing, and
cleaning.

outcome

reusable
pity

shameful
sickness

smoky

Unit 6 Lesson 1
Word

Definition

Example

Synonym

solution (n)

an answer to or explanation
of a problem,

The solution to the puzzle

took us several hours.

answer,
explanation

swimming pool
(n)

a container filled with water

intended for swimming,

throw away (v)

to get rid of as worthless or

unnecessary,

There are many standard

sizes and the largest is the
Olympic-size swimming
pool.
I should throw away that
torn shirt.

toothpaste (n)

a paste used to clean the

teeth,

I always buy the same

toothpaste.

traffic cones (n)

cone-shaped markers that

are placed on roads or
footpaths to temporarily
redirect traffic in a safe
manner,
a thick rubber ring, often
filled with air, which is fitted
around the outer edge of the
wheel of a vehicle,
()
paper or some other
material that is used to cover
something,

After the car accident, the

policemen put traffic
cones on the road to
redirect traffic.

tyre (n)

wrapping (n)

I've got a flat tyre.

Such beautiful wrapping

promises a wonderful
present.

Antonym

Word Family
solve

Unit 6 Lesson 2
Word

Definition

Example

Synonym

Antonym

Word Family

adult (n)

a person who is fully grown

and mature,

grown-up

child, juvenile

adulthood

bakery (n)

a store in which baked

goods, such as bread, cake,
and pastry, are made and
sold,
a substance that has been
made into a solid,
rectangular shape, ,

food made by baking a

dough of flour or meal,

When I am an adult, I will

be able to decide for
myself.
I always buy bread from
my local bakery.

bar (n)

bread (n)
cardboard (n)

carton (n)
cereal (n)
cheese (n)

chemical (n)

coke (n)

cover (n)
fluoride (n)
healthy (adj)

a stiff material made of

layers of paper and used to
make things like boxes and
signs,
a box made of cardboard,
paper, or plastic,

food made from grain and

eaten for breakfast,

a food made from milk,

which is usually yellow or
white in colour,
a substance used in or
produced by a chemical
process; any basic substance
which is produced by a
reaction involving changes to
atoms or molecules,
Coca Cola (informal)

something put over

something else to protect, or
hide,
a chemical substance
sometimes added to water
or toothpaste,
being free from sickness;
well; fit,

holder (n)

an object used for holding,

instruction (n)

teaching; the act of giving

knowledge,

jar (n)

a glass or clay container,

with a wide opening at the
top, which is usually used for
storing food,

baker

I only need a bar of soap

to wash my clothes.
She bakes bread every
day.
Cover the broken window
with cardboard until you
get it fixed.
Milk, cereal, and eggs
come in cartons.

box, case

Some kinds of cereal have

a lot of added sugar.
Feta is a well-known type
of Greek cheese.

cheesy

A substance made from

chemicals is used to make
some drinks taste sweet.

chemically

Coke is a carbonated soft

drink sold in stores,
restaurants, and vending
machines in more than
200 countries.
Put the cover back on the
bed.

top blanket

coverable,
covered

Fluoride is a common
toothpaste ingredient.
Will you be healthy
enough to play in the
game tomorrow?
This new car has five drink
holders.
I went to a class to
receive instruction in
African dance.
She put the honey in a jar.

well

ill, sick,
unhealthy

health, healthily

stand
education
container

Instruct,
instructional,
intstructor

Unit 6 Lesson 2
Word

Definition

Example

kite (n)

an object consisting of a
frame covered with plastic,
paper or cloth that is flown
in the air at the end of a long
string, especially for
pleasure,
a polite word for a woman or
girl,

Children love flying kites.

bread which is shaped and

baked in a single piece and
can be sliced for eating,

food used in place of butter

that is made of vegetable oil,
milk, colouring, and other
ingredients,
a covering for all or part of
the face which protects,
hides or decorates the
person wearing it,
(plural mice) a very small
mammal with grey or brown
fur,
produced by nature; not
made by humans,

She bought two loaves of

white bread.

lady (n)
loaf (n)

margarine (n)

mask (n)

mouse (n)
natural (adj)

He helped a little old lady

cross the street.

He gave a negative
answer to the question.

slice (n)

a broad and flat piece of a

larger object,

slogan (n)

a short easily remembered

phrase, especially one used
to advertise an idea or a
product,
neat and in order,

I'd like one slice of bread

and two slices of pie for
lunch.
"I like Ike" was the
campaign slogan for
President Dwight
Eisenhower.
It's hard for some people
to keep their desk tidy.

tube (n)

any object that can be used

in play, especially by
children,
a long thin container made
of soft metal or plastic,
which is closed at one end
and has a small hole at the
other, usually with a cover,
and which is used for storing
thick liquids,

Please put away your

toys.
A tube of toothpaste
usually lasts me a long
time.

Word Family

madam, woman

masked

Mickey Mouse is my
favourite cartoon
character.
She uses only natural
ingredients in her
cooking.

saying or meaning "no,

toy (n)

Antonym

When my mother makes

a cake, she uses
margarine instead of
butter.
The bank robbers wore
masks throughout the
raid.

negative (adj)

tidy (adj)

Synonym

artificial, manmade,
synthetic,
unnatural
affirmative,
positive

negatively

motto

orderly
plaything

disorderly,
messy, sloppy

tidily, tidiness

Unit 6 Lesson 3
Word

Definition

Example

art (n)

the making of objects,

images, music, etc. that are
beautiful or that express
feelings,
the sister of someone's
father or mother, or the wife
of someone's uncle,
relating to, or associated
with the environment,

Can television and pop

music really be
considered art?

aunt (n)
environmental
(adj)

Synonym

I have an aunt in
Australia.

the number 1,000,000,

objects positioned one on

top of another,

present (n)

something given as a gift,

She received presents on

her birthday.

gift

record (n)

a written account or other

collection of information,

Historical records show

that Native Americans
once owned this land.

account,
history,
statement

respect (n)

politeness, honour and care

shown towards someone or
something that is considered
important,
a thick liquid eaten with food
to add flavour,

She has no respect for

other people's property.

regard

the material on the surface

of the ground in which plants
grow,
to scatter or send forth,

This soil is great for

growing vegetables.

earth, ground,
land

Please spread the news

that there will be a
meeting tonight.
She has been a member
of the town council for
many years.

disperse,
distribute,
scatter

pile (n)

sauce (n)
soil (n)
spread (v)
town council (n)

the local government of a

town,

Word Family
artist,
artistic

A variety of
environmental problems
now affect our entire
world.
I have a million things to
do!.
A pile of dirty clothes
were thrown on the bed.

million (n)

Antonym

environment,
environmentally
millionaire
stack

recordable

contempt,
disrespect,
scorn

respectful,
respectable

This website has the best

meat sauce recipes.

spreadable

Unit 7 Lesson 1
Word

Definition

Example

Synonym

align (v)

to place or arrange in a
straight line,

line up

appliance (n)

a device used for a particular

purpose,

atomic (adj)

having to do with atoms or

energy made from atoms,

towards the direction which

is opposite to the one in
which you are facing,

the smallest living part of an
animal or a plant,

Align the ruler and the

middle of the paper and
then cut it straight.
This store sells both large
and small kitchen
appliances.
Atomic energy is efficient
but expensive.
I pulled the swing
backward and then let it
go.

back

backwards (adv)

cell (n)

a condition or fact
connected with an event or
situation,

combine (v)

to join together into a

whole,

Bad weather was a

circumstance we didn't
think about when
planning the picnic.
He combined dirt and
water to make mud.

common (adj)

easily found; happening

often,

Pigeons are common in

our part of the country.

compass (n)

an instrument for showing

direction,

consist (v)

to be made up or formed,

crystal (n)

a clear kind of rock that has a

regular shape,
to bring into being or
operation,

Sailors relied on a
compass to find their way
across the ocean.
This cake consists mainly
of sugar, flour, and
butter.
Diamonds are crystals.

effect (n)

something produced by a
cause,

emigrate (v)

to leave one country or

region in order to settle in
another,

gas (n)

a form of matter that is

neither liquid nor solid,

to direct or lead along a way

that is not familiar,

guide (v)
headline (n)

household (n)

the title to a newspaper

article that tells what the
article is about, ,

a group of people who live

together,

imply (v)

to suggest without saying

directly,

improve (v)

to make better,

Word Family
alignment

forwards

Brain cells have a very

complex structure.

circumstance (n)

develop (v)

Antonym

condition,
incident, thing
blend, join, mix

isolate,
separate

ordinary,
simple, usual

rare, unusual

Scientists are developing

a new kind of plastic.

create, generate

The effect of the snow

storm was that all airports
were closed.
Her parents emigrated
from Germany to escape
from the Nazis.

consequence,
result

combination

development
cause
emigration
emigrant

A leak in the gas pipes

caused a major explosion.
The librarian guided us to
the books about Asian
snakes.
That king's wedding was
in the headlines all over
the world.

direct, show

guidance

Most households have a

dish-washer.

family

When she said that the

car was dirty, she was
implying that I should
clean it.
Salt and pepper improved
the sauce.

hint, suggest

state

implication

better, enrich

spoil

improvement

Unit 7 Lesson 1
Word

Definition

Example

instinct (n)

the cause of natural

behaviour that is not learned
in any species,
the period of time between
two events or situations,

His instinct told him to

stay inside the house and
wait for help.
There will be a five
minute interval between
the presentation and the
open discussion.
The man who invented
the steam engine must
have been very
intelligent.
Iron is used to make steel.

interval (n)

invent (v)

to think of, come up with, or

create something new,

iron (n)

a heavy grey metal that is

one of the chemical
elements,
to allow something to pass
through an opening or crack
in a way that was not
intended,
a glass object containing a
wire that produces light from
electricity,
an object, esp. a piece of
iron, that is able to attract
iron and steel objects toward
itself,
the space around a magnet
in which a magnetic force is
active,

leak (v)

light bulb (n)

magnet (n)

magnetic field (n)

measure (v)
migrate (v)
myth (n)

natural disaster
(n)
navigation (n)
Navy (n)
nickname (n)
operate (v)

oxide (n)

to find the exact size of

something, using a ruler,
scale, or the like,
to move from one region
into another,
a story or group of stories
that form part of the
traditional knowledge of a
society,
a disaster that is caused by
natural forces and not by a
human,
the act of setting a course
for or controlling a ship or
aircraft,
ships and soldiers used for
fighting wars at sea,
a name given to a person,
place, or thing in place of the
real name,
to work or run,

a compound that includes

oxygen,

Synonym

Antonym

Word Family
instictive

conceive, create

We keep a bucket on the

floor to catch drops of
water because the ceiling
leaks.
The light bulb in my
bedroom has stopped
working - it is so dark!
Magnets are used to
attach the cars of toy
trains to the engine.

invention
inventor

leakage

magnetic,
magnetism

Scientists do not agree on

how magnetic fields can
influence our world.
She measured the rug to
make sure it would fit in
the hallway.
Their grandparents
migrated from Ohio to
Florida.
An old Egyptian myth tells
why the Nile River floods
every year.

calculate

measurement
migration
migrating

The earthquake was one

of the worst natural
disasters which has ever
struck the area .
Navigation is difficult in
bad weather.

navigate,
navigator

My grandfather served in
the Navy during World
War Two.
New York City's nickname
is "The Big Apple."
This new sewing machine
operates for several hours
on batteries.
Carbon dioxide is an
oxide.

function, run,
work

operator,
operation,
operational

Unit 7 Lesson 1
Word

Definition

Example

patent (n)

the official legal right to

make or sell an invention for
a particular number of years,

saying or meaning yes,

He got a patent for the

toy he designed.

positive (adj)

Synonym

Antonym

Word Family

My mother gave a
positive answer when we
asked for some money.

affirmative

negative

The evidence failed to

prove the guilt of the
prisoner.
She rarely goes shopping
for new clothes.

confirm,
establish

The nurse recorded my

height and weight in my
health chart.
The ocean reflected the
setting sun.

note, put down

recorded

mirror

reflection,
reflecting

prove (v)

to show to be true or
correct,

rarely (adv)

not often,

record (v)

to put in writing,

reflect (v)

send light back and not

absorb it,

regard (v)

to consider or have an
opinion about something or
someone,
often,

I regard her as one of my

best friends.

consider

Accidents occur regularly

on this road.

frequently

regular

to move in a circle around a

fixed point,
the written text of a play,
movie, or television show,

a particular ability to
understand or judge,

to divide into parts or break

the connection between,

to cause to tremble, ,

The Earth revolves around

the Sun.
He wrote a number of
film scripts.

rotate, spin

revolving

She had no sense of what

was needed to make kids
happy.
Separate the eggs and
save the egg whites for
later.
The ground shook from
the earthquake.

perception

regularly (adv)
revolve (v)
script (n)
sense (n)
separate (v)
shake (v)
slavery (n)

the owning of people by

other people,

typical (adj)

having all the qualities you

expect a particular person,
object, place, etc to have,

not strong in force,

weak (adj)

After the Civil War many

black people were freed
from slavery.
A typical baby walks at
about one year old.
Her weak voice could not
be heard in the back
rows.

proof

seldom

disconnect

combine, join,
link

separately

control

freedom,
liberty

slave

classic,
representative

abnormal

typically

faint

strong

weaken,
weakness

rock, vibrate

Unit 7 Lesson 2
Word

Definition

Example

Synonym

account (n)

a story or report,

description

attract (v)

to cause to come near,

The newspaper's account

of the robbery was
accurate.
Magnets attract anything
made of iron or steel.

cabin (n)

a room in a ship or airplane,

There are more than

three hundred seats in
the cabin of that jet.

room

cargo (n)

the goods carried by a ship,

airplane, or other vehicle,

to take from one place to

another,

The truck was carrying a

cargo of fruit.

goods, load

She carried my suitcase

up the stairs.

transport

to limit the number, amount,

or increase of something,

a person who makes meals,

It is hard to control
insects in our garden.

limit,stop

count (v)

to add up,

calculate

deck (n)

the floor on a ship or boat,

I counted fifteen red cars

on the way to school
today.
All the sailors were called
to the main deck.

diagram (n)

a drawing or plan that shows

the parts of something,

the position towards which

someone or something
moves or faces,
a rounded handle used to
open and close a door,

to make certain it is correct
or safe, usually by examining
it again, -
the amount of electricity in
an object,

He drew a diagram to
show me how my
computer works.
Which direction did they
go in?

design, plan

carry (v)
control (v)
cook (n)

direction (n)
doorknob (n)

catch, draw

Antonym

Word Family

repel

attraction,
attractive

controllable

The cook prepared a

picnic for us.

cooker,
cookery
countable

way

direct

enter (v)
flow (n)

to come or go into,
the movement of something
in one direction,

The doorknob on his front

door was in the form of a
hand.
I always double-check
that I have locked the
door.
Magnets attract each
other because of electric
charges.
I entered the house.
They stopped the flow of
water by building a dam.

force (n)

power, energy, or physical

strength,

The force of the wind

knocked down the trees.

guess (v)

to give an answer about

something without knowing
all the facts,
to fasten something so that
the top part is fixed but the
lower part is free to move,

to move in a certain
direction,

Can you guess how old he

is?

guess

His coat was hanging

behind the door.

hanger

I am heading for the

nearest restaurant.

the space inside a ship used

to store things,

The hold was filled with

several tons of coal.

double-check (v)
electric charges
(n)

hang (v)

head (v)
hold (n)

recheck

access, board

leave

entrance
flowing

Unit 7 Lesson 2
Word

Definition

Example

Synonym

label (v)

to attach a small piece of

paper or material to
something that gives
information about it,
one who lives in the local
area,

My father labels his

suitcase with a tag before
he travels.

tag,sign

local (n)
log (n)

a daily record of a trip by a

ship or plane,

lyrics (n)

the words to a song,

nearby (adv)

in an area or position close

by,

occur (v)

to take place,

perfectly (adv)

totally; completely,

poles (n)

the two ends of the Earth,

around which the Earth
turns,
making a short, sharp sound,

popping (adj)

The locals don't trust

people who are just
passing through town.
The plane's log showed
that we had traveled
three hundred miles.
When my sister and I
write songs together, she
writes the music, and I
write the lyrics.
Stay nearby in case we
need your help.

close, near

While we were exploring

the old house, something
occurred that I shall never
forget.
That dress fits you
perfectly, it was made for
you!
The North Pole is the
northernmost point on
Earth.
The cork made a popping
sound as it shot out of the
Champagne bottle.

happen

arrange, make,
set

He prepared his house for

guests by cleaning it well.

repel (v)

to force back,

These magnets are

repelling each other.

role (n)

the character played by an

actor,

The role of Hamlet is a

challenge for any actor.

part

rope (n)

very thick, strong string,

They used ropes to tie

and lift the boxes.

band, cable

rub (v)

to use pressure on with a

back and forth motion,

to receive, use, or enjoy

together with one or more
others,
a short, bright flash, ,

He rubbed his sore arm.

steal (v)

to take from another person

without permission,

stove (n)

a piece of equipment that

you cook on,

to remain fixed in place,

stuck (v)

take

The old poster is still stuck

to the wall.

substance (n)

a particular kind of matter,

Her hands were covered

in a sticky substance.

twice (adv)

two times; in two instances,

I called her twice, but she

locally

away
occurrence

preparation
attract

All the guests shared the

delicious meal.
Sparks are made when
electricity flows across a
space.
Someone stole my bicycle
even though Id put a lock
on it.
I've left some soup on the
stove for you.

outsider

polar

to make ready,

spark (n)

Word Family

perfect

prepare (v)

share (v)

Antonym

double

repellent

Unit 7 Lesson 2
Word

Definition

Example

didnt pick up her phone.

Synonym

Antonym

Word Family

Unit 7 Lesson 3
Word

Definition

Example

adopt (v)

To take into one's family

through legal means and
raise as one's own child,

when money or goods are

given to help a person or
organization,
to come to live in a country
where one was not born,

something that happens,

My mom and dad

adopted a little girl from
China, so now I have a
sister.
This library depends on
the donation of books.

donation (n)
immigrate (v)
incident (n)
joke (v)

to talk in a way that is not

serious,

lay (v)

to produce an egg,

the smallest amount or unit

of something, especially
energy, ,

a person or organization that
gives money to support an
activity, event, etc,

one form of something that

is slightly different to other
forms of the same thing,

quantum (n)

sponsor (n)

version (n)

Synonym

Antonym

Word Family
adoption,
adopted

contribution

My parents immigrated to
the United States before I
was born.
Several incidents led
them to believe she was a
thief.
He didn't mean it - he was
only joking.

event,
happening

Hens lay eggs.

produce

donate
immigrant,
immigration
incidental,
incidentally

Max Planck discovered

the quantum nature of
energy in 1899.
BP and Shell are sponsors
for many television
programmes.
I told the principal my
version of the fight.

sponsorship

account, story

Unit 8 Lesson 1
Word

Definition

Example

Synonym

article (n)

a piece of writing on a
particular subject that
appears in a newspaper,
magazine, or book,
a passenger in a car who
continuously tells the driver
how they should drive,

the land along the side of a
river,

The local newspaper had

an article about the
missing jewels.

essay

backseat driver
(id)
bank (n)
basic (adj)

complicated (adj)
device (n)

enable (v)
flip (n)
get around (v)
hit the road (phr)
hold your horses!
(phr)
innovative (adj)

being the main or most

important part of something;
very simple, with nothing
special added,
hard to understand; difficult
to do or to deal with,

an invention or machine
used to perform simple
tasks,

These flowers generally

grow on river banks and
near streams.
The basic idea of bowling
is to knock over as many
pins as you can.

shore

Our teacher gave us a

complicated problem to
work on.
The computer is a device
that has changed the way
people work.

complex, tricky

This ticket enables you to

swim here.

used to tell someone to stop

and consider carefully their
decision or opinion about
something,
new and inventive,

Just hold your horses, Bill.

Let's think about this for a
moment.

to have as a necessary part

or result,

look a gift horse

in the mouth
(phr)

to criticize something
received as a gift,

mankind (n)

all people, considered as a

group,

means (n)

(plural) a method or way of

doing something,

mechanical (adj)

relating to or operated by
machines,

ordinary (adj)

not special or different in

any way,

Word Family

Mike's a real backseat

driver and I find it so
irritating.

to give means or power to

do something,

when something turns over

quickly or repeatedly,

to be able to go to different
places without difficulty,

to start a journey,

involve (v)

Antonym

elementary,
fundamental

basically

simple

gadget,
instrument, tool
allow, let,
permit

The captains flipped a

coin into the air.
We managed to get
around and see quite a bit
of the island.
It's getting late - I'd better
hit the road.

The company's innovative

management techniques
seem to be paying off.

novel, original

Baseball involves
throwing, catching, and
batting a ball.
Don't look a gift horse in
the mouth; a lot of people
would be glad to have this
old car your parents gave
you.
It is up to mankind to
make the world a safe
place to live in.
We need to find some
other means of
transportation.
Cars have many
mechanical parts.

include

Although she is famous,

she tries to lead an
ordinary life.

natural,
normal, usual

standard,
traditional

innovate,
innovation
involvement

humanity,man,
world
method, way
mechanically

Unit 8 Lesson 1
Word

Definition

Example

pedal (v)

to push the pedals of a

bicycle round with your feet,

penny-farthing
(n)

a type of bicycle used in the

past which had a very large
front wheel and a small back
wheel,

plain (adj)

clear and understood,

We were pedalling very

fast against the wind, but
didn't seem to be getting
anywhere.
Although easy to ride
slowly because of their
high centre of mass and
the inverted pendulum
effect, the penny-farthing
was prone to accidents.
It was plain to everyone
that she was angry.

principle (n)

a basic idea or rule which

explains how something
happens or works,

Our country's laws are

based on the principles of
liberty and justice.

put the cart

before the horse
(phr)

to do or place things in a way

that is not their logical order,

reply (v)

to give an answer in words

or writing,

You're putting the cart

before the horse if you
spend money before you
have it.
Did you reply to your
cousin's letter?

resort (n)

a place where people go to

relax and have fun while on
vacation,
to disrupt a balance or
routine,

rock the boat

(phr)

sideways (adv)
speech (n)

in a direction to the left or

right, not forwards or
backwards,
a talk given in front of an
audience,

transportation
(n)

when people or goods are

moved from one place to
another,

tread water (phr)

(literal meaning) to stay in

one place in water by
moving your legs and arms
up and down,

towards the top of a hill,

uphill (adv)
vehicle (n)
wheel (n)

wherever (conj)

something that takes people

from one place to another,

a circular object fixed under

a vehicle so that it moves
smoothly over the ground,
,
in any or every place,

Synonym

Antonym

Word Family
pedal

evident,
obvious

plainly

law, regulation

answer,
respond

My family went to a
tropical resort this winter.
I tried to suggest a few
ways in which we might
improve our image and
was told very firmly not to
rock the boat.
He jumped sideways to
avoid the car.
The mayor gave a speech
at city hall.

address, talk

Many companies
encourage their
employees to use
alternative means of
transportation.
The invention of the new
bike gives a new meaning
to treading water.

transport

We'd walked half a mile

uphill before we got a
view of the city.
Cars, buses, and airplanes
are vehicles.
My bike needs a new
front wheel.
She leaves a mess
wherever she goes.

speak,
speaker

Unit 8 Lesson 2
Word

Definition

Example

Synonym

Antonym

ahead (adv)

in front,

Turn left at the traffic

lights, and you'll see the
hospital straight ahead.

forward

backward

airfield (n)

a place where small or

military aircraft can take off
and land,
a round, flat shape like the
letter O,
to have an accident,
especially one which
damages the vehicle,

a visit to a place in which you

go there and come back on
the same day,

the length of the space

between two places or
things,
describes something that is
becoming lower in size,
amount or strength,

a device used to make a loud

warning sound,

There is an airfield near

Tatoi.

airport

We all sat on the floor in a

circle.
The plane crashed into a
mountain side.

ring

rising and floating in the air

without any physical
support,
producing a large amount of
noise,

The Maglev train uses

levitation to move.
I heard a loud bang and
then saw white smoke.

noisy

mostly (adv)

for the most part,

potential (adj)

possible when the necessary

conditions exist,

The weather report said

that today will be mostly
sunny.
A number of potential
buyers have expressed
interest in the company.

generally,
mainly, on the
whole
possible

puncture (n)

a small hole caused by a

sharp object, ,

a symbol or message in a
public place which gives
information or instructions,

located in the highest place

or position,

My bike has had two

punctures in the last
three weeks.
There is a 'no-smoking
sign' in all hospitals.

hole

She's one of the top

executives in the fashion
industry.
The play was performed
on a triangular stage.

highest,
uppermost

circle (n)
crash into (v)

day trip (n)

distance (n)
falling (adj)

horn (n)
levitation (n)
loud (adj)

sign (n)

top (adj)
triangular (adj)

of a flat shape with three

sides,

Word Family

circular

Do you fancy coming on a

day trip to Bath next
Saturday?
He calculated the distance
between the Earth and
the Sun.
Parents have been
complaining about falling
standards in the school.
Dad blew the horn on his
car to warn the dog away.

distant
rising

alarm

loudly, loudness

actual

potentially

notice

bottom
triangle

Unit 8 Lesson 3
Word

Definition

Example

anywhere (adv)

in or to any place,
,

I couldnt find a
restaurant anywhere.

championship (n)

a competition to find the

best team or player in a
game or sport,
the money that is used in a
country,

The chess championship

begins next week.

final
cash, money

currency (n)
goodness (interj)

a word used to express

surprise or alarm, !

The pound is the basic

unit of currency in the
UK.
Goodness! You've had all
your hair shaved off!

lane (n)

a marked route for traffic

going in one direction,

The four lane road turned

into two lanes as we
came closer to town.

natural features
(n)

landscape features that were

created by natural
processes,

the total number of people

living in a country, city, or
other area,
to have a connection,

Rivers and mountains are

examples of natural
features.

population (n)
relate (v)
rescue (v)

scenic (adj)

willing (adj)

to help someone or
something out of a
dangerous, harmful or
unpleasant situation,

showing natural or beautiful

scenery,
to be happy to do
something,

New York City has a

population of more than
ten million.
Her question did not
relate to the topic we
were discussing.
The firefighters rescued
three people from the
burning building.
As he was climbing up the
hill, the scenic panorama
of the valley made him
feel relaxed.
Hes willing to lend us
some money.

Synonym

Antonym

Word Family

champion

wow

populate
apply, connect,
link

related,
relation

free, save

rescuer

picturesque

Unit 9 Lesson 1
Word

Definition

Example

Synonym

Antonym

Word Family

aggressive (adj)

angry and violent towards

another person,

offensive, tough

mild, peaceful

aggressively,
aggression

agreement (n)

common understanding;
harmony; accord,

deal

conflict,
dispute

agree

anorak (n)

a short coat with a hood that

keeps out the wind and rain,

unpleasantly proud and

behaving as if you know
more than other people,

very unpleasant,

He has a hard time

getting along with others
because of his aggressive
nature.
My parents and I reached
an agreement about how
much time I must practice
piano every day.
On cold days, I always
wear an anorak.

humble,
modest

arrogantly,
arrogance

wonderful

awfully

arrogant (adj)

awful (adj)
background (n)

Success makes some

people arrogant.
There was an awful storm
last night.

horrible,
terrible

the part of a picture or scene

that is towards the back or
seems to be furthest away,

to be in the same situation

as someone else, especially
an unpleasant situation,

a small amount; little piece,

The dog chewed the

napkin to bits.

fragment, piece,
pinch

bright (adj)

strong or clear in colour or

shine,

The house is painted a

bright yellow.

brilliant,
colourful, vivid

brilliant (adj)

wonderful or outstanding,

You wrote a brilliant essay

that really made us think.

dazzling

casual (adj)

not formal in style or

appearance, ,

something that brings about

a result or effect,

We can wear casual

clothes in this restaurant.
A cigarette was the cause
of the fire.

something that tests

strength, skill, or ability,
especially in a way that is
interesting,
the usual weather conditions
in a place,
things worn to cover the
body,
a vertical list or row,

Learning all the European

capitals was a challenge.

challenging

Antarctica has a cold

climate.
Her clothing was plain.

climatic

confident (adj)

having trust or faith; satisfied

and sure,

We are confident that our

team will win.

certain,
positive, sure

hesitant,
uncertain

cool (adj)

calm and controlled,

She seemed very cool

before her exam.

nervous

cotton (n)

thread or cloth made from

cotton fibres,

I wore a cotton shirt and

woollen trousers.

calm,
composed,
level-headed

be in somebody's
shoes (id)
bit (n)

cause (n)
challenge (n)

climate (n)
clothing (n)
column (n)

The artist painted a castle

with mountains in the
background.

foreground

If I were in your shoes, I'd

speak to the boy's
parents.

I added up the column of

numbers.

dull

brightly,
brighten,
brightness
brilliantly

informal

formal

casually

influence,
source

effect

clothes, dress,
wear

confidence

Unit 9 Lesson 1
Word

Definition

Example

crusade (n)

any of the wars between

European Catholics and
Middle Eastern Muslims
between 1095 and 1291,

a discussion between two

people or groups who
disagree on an important
subject,
happy, interested, or hopeful
because something good has
happened or will happen,

one of the things that has an

effect on a particular
situation, decision, event,
etc,
popular at a particular time,

The Crusades had an

enormous influence on
European history.

debate (n)

excited (adj)

factor (n)

fashionable (adj)

gear (n)

greasy (adj)
hipster (n)

histogram (n)

any equipment, clothes, or

tools used for some
particular purpose,

covered with or full of fat or

oil,
(plural) trousers that fit
tightly over your hips and do
not cover your waist,

a bar chart or graph,

The debate in Congress

lasted two days.

Do you think money

should be the most
important factor in
deciding what job you do?
It has suddenly become
fashionable for politicians
to talk about green issues.

oily

dated,
outdated,
unfashionable

fashion

grease

This histogram shows the

salaries of major league
baseball players.

the cup believed to have

been used by Christ before
his death,

idol (n)

someone that you admire

and respect very much,

to not give attention to

something or someone,

to change the way that

someone thinks or the way
that something develops,

not able to be seen; not

visible,

An archaeologist has
sparked a hunt for the
Holy Grail after claiming
ancient records show it is
buried under a 6th
century church in Rome.
She is the idol of
countless teenagers.

not willing to give much

effort or to work,

chic, current, in,

trendy

The mechanic's hands

were greasy from working
on the car.
My brother usually wears
hipster jeans.

Holy Grail (n)

lazy (adj)

excite,
excitement

equipment,
outfit

I'm afraid he'll hit the roof

when he finds out our
flight has been cancelled.

invisible (adj)

Word Family

argument,
controversy

The scouts packed their

camping gear and set out
on a hike.

to suddenly become very

angry,

influence (v)

Antonym

The children are getting

really excited about the
party.

hit the roof (phr)

ignore (v)

Synonym

idolize

She ignored me at the

dance.

disregard,
neglect

address,
recognize

ignorance,
ignorant

His friends influenced his

choice of which sport to
play.

affect

The house was invisible

from the road.

unseen

visible

invisibility,
invisibly

Please don't be so lazy

about cleaning your
room.

idle, sluggish

hard-working

laziness

influential

Unit 9 Lesson 1
Word

Definition

Example

load of rubbish
(phr)

used to say that something is

bad, untrue, or stupid,

most important; chief;

Primary, ,

There's a load of rubbish

on TV nowadays.

main (adj)

Synonym

Antonym

Word Family

The main entrance to the

building is on the other
side.
It was very mature of you
to let your brother have
the front seat.
That dress looks oldfashioned because of the
lace on the sleeves.

central,
primary,
principal
adult, grown-up

minor

mainly

childish,
immature

maturely,
maturity

unfashionable

contemporary,
modern,
trendy
underweight

mature (adj)

fully developed in mental or

physical qualities,

old fashioned
(adj)

not modern,

overweight (adj)

having too much weight; too

heavy,

The vet said that my dog

is ten pounds overweight.

fat

perform (v)

to present for the

entertainment of an
audience,
all of the qualities of a
person that make that
person different from others,

not complicated or fancy;

without anything extra;
simple,
happy or satisfied,

liked or enjoyed by many

people,
the study of the mind and
how it influences people's
behaviour,
do better, improve,
,

to act, or feel a certain way,
in response to something,

The school choir will

perform songs from
popular musicals.
One twin has a cheerful
personality, while the
other is more serious.

play, stage

The manager wore a plain

suit today.

bare, simple

personality (n)

plain (adj)
pleased (adj)
popular (adj)
psychology (n)
pull up your
socks (phr)
react (v)

rebel (n)

one who fights against or

does not obey authority,

relaxed (adj)

feeling calm, comfortable,

and not worried or annoyed,

showing good judgement

and able to be trusted,

a long curl of hair that hangs

down,

responsible (adj)
ringlet (n)
scarf (n)

scream (v)

a long piece of cloth or

knitted material worn
around the neck, head, or
shoulders,
to speak or shout in a shrill,
harsh, or angry tone,

performer,
performance

character,
identity

I'm really pleased with

your work this year.
She is popular at school.

fancy

unpopular

please,
pleasure
popularity

He is an expert in the field

of developmental
psychology.
He'll have to pull up his
socks in maths, if he
wants to pass.
I thought he might be
angry when I said that,
but he didn't react at all.

psychological

He was a rebel as a
teenager, and he was
often in trouble for
breaking the rules.
George was lying in the
sun looking very relaxed
and happy.
She is very responsible
and can be trusted.

rebellious

reaction

relax,
relaxation
rational,
sensible

You could use a curling

iron and give your hair
nice ringlet curls.
A simple loop around the
neck is a common way to
tie a long scarf.
She screamed in fright
when she saw a mouse
running across the room..

yell

irresponsible

responsibly,
responsibility

Unit 9 Lesson 1
Word

Definition

Example

Synonym

sensitive (adj)

highly aware or feeling

things strongly,

My sister is sensitive
about being teased.

shy away (v)

to avoid someone or
something,

The dog shies away from

John since he kicked it.

delicate,
emotional,
touchy

sleeve (n)

the part of a shirt, dress, or

other garment that covers all
or part of the arm,
clean, tidy, and attractive,

He rolled up his sleeves to

do the dishes.

smart (adj)

to find or figure out an

answer,

spiked (adj)

(of hair) arranged in stiff

tufts; with a sharp point or
points,
a condition in which one is
the centre of much
attention,
to elicit notice by being
significantly different from
or superior to others,

fame; the status of a star or

celebrity,

Mary thinks that spiked

hair is the best hairstyle.

stereotype (n)

a standardized and usually

oversimplified conception
held in common by many
people,

Most Greek people seem

to believe in the national
stereotype of an English
person.

stick out (v)

to be prominent,

stuffy (adj)

dull, boring, or very proper,

Ears that stick out too far

are a frequent source of
embarrassment and
ridicule.
Hes quick stuffy much
too boring for a teenager!

talk through your

hat (id)

to be talking about a subject

as if you know a lot about it
when in fact you know very
little,

thrilled (adj)

very excited, happy, and

pleased,

tie (n)

a long, thin piece of cloth

that a man wears around his
neck with a shirt,
(plural) a soft sports shoe,

He wears a tie to work.

trend (n)

a general course, direction,

or tendency,

trendy (adj)

relating to the latest style or

mode,

One bad trend is that

many young people do
not vote.
She has some trendy new
glasses.

unreal (adj)

not real; lacking actuality or

substance; illusory,

Many people go into

marriage with unreal
expectations.

stand out (v)

stardom (n)

trainer (n)

Word Family
sensitivity,
sensitize

He is wearing a smart
black suit to day as he has
an interview.
The detectives quickly
solved the crime.

solve (v)

spotlight (n)

Antonym

solution

Being shy, she is

uncomfortable being in
the spotlight.
One job candidate stood
out from the rest.
All were jealous of his
rapid rise to stardom.

celebrity, fame
stereotypical

I proved that George was

talking through his hat by
checking on the internet
to find out if what he said
is true - and it isn't.
We were so thrilled to
hear about the baby.

thrill,
thrilling

Yesterday I bought a new

pair of trainers.
course,
inclination,
tendency
chic,
fashionable, in,
modern, stylish,
up-to-date
airy, deceptive,
imaginary

trendy
conservative,
unfashionable
real

unrealistic

Unit 9 Lesson 1
Word

Definition

Example

Synonym

Antonym

Word Family

vain (adj)

too interested in your own

appearance and thinking you
are very attractive,
the part around the middle
of your body where you
wear a belt, ()
display your emotions
openly,

She is very vain about her

hair.

conceited,
proud

modest

vanity

waist (n)
wear your heart
on your sleeve
(phr)

The skirt was too big

around the waist.
She's a shy person. She's
never been one to wear
her heart on her sleeve.

wedding (n)

a ceremony of marriage,

My sister's wedding will

take place in a church.

marriage

wild (adj)

crazy; out of control,

crazy, frantic,
hysterical

woolen (adj)

of or made of wool,

He went wild when I told

him what his son had
done.
We packed woolen
jackets and hats for our
winter trip.

calm, cool

Unit 9 Lesson 2
Word

Definition

Example

appendix (n)

a section at the end of a

book or magazine article that
gives more information,

a belt, often decorated, that

is worn over the shoulder
and diagonally across the
body to carry a sword or
bugle,
to complain to someone
again and again about their
behaviour or to ask them to
do something, ,

a long loose piece of clothing

without sleeves that fastens
around your neck and hangs
from your shoulders,
specific; Fixed,

See Appendix 2.6 for

more information on the
subject.

baldric (n)

be/go on at sb
(phr)

cape (n)

certain (adj)
chlamys (n)

civil servant (n)

a short cape, fashioned from

a single rectangle of fabric
fastened with a pin at one
shoulder and worn by men in
ancient Greece,
someone employed in the
civil service,

cloak (n)

a long, loose, outer garment

without sleeves,

columnist (n)

someone who writes articles,

especially about a particular
subject, that appear
regularly in a newspaper or
magazine,

compete (v)

to try to win or get

something that others are
also trying to get,

to have to do with; be about;

affect,

concern (v)

Synonym

Antonym

Word Family

The club admits a certain

number of people every
year.
Chlamys was the most
common cloak worn by
young Greek men
between the seventh and
first centuries B.C.
All the participants in the
survey were employed as
civil servants, with income
levels ranging from high
to low.
She arrived at the opera
wearing a green velvet
cloak.
A gossip columnist is
someone who writes a
gossip column in a
newspaper or magazine,
especially a gossip
magazine.
The two friends competed
for the starring role in the
play.

specific

indefinite,
uncertain

certainty

This matter does not

concern you.

affect, involve,
touch
camouflage

The sword hangs high on

the right side on a leather
baldric.
She's been on at me to
get my hair cut.

Zorro always wears a

cape, a hat and a mask.

cover (v)

to put something over

something else,

He covered his face with

his hands.

curly (adj)

having curls or likely to curl,

something that makes a

situation more difficult,

something that is the same

or equal,

Sam has curly hair.

disadvantage (n)
equivalent (n)
fancy (adj)

splendid; grander than the

average,

column

competition,
competitor

expose,
uncover
straight

One disadvantage of this

car is its small size.

drawback,
handicap

One dollar is the

equivalent of one
hundred pence.
She wore a fancy gown to
the ball.

counterpart,
equal, match
lush, luxurious

benefit,
advantage

plain, simple

coverage,
covered

Unit 9 Lesson 2
Word

Definition

Example

Synonym

fix (v)

to repair something that is

broken or not working
properly,
occurring next or after,

Ellis was able to quickly

find and fix the problem
with the car.
I got a letter from Marla
and wrote back to her the
following day.
You have to get rid of
these old newspapers.

mend

following (adj)
get rid of (phr)

to throw away something

unwanted,

heel (n)

the part of a shoe that

supports the back part of a
human foot,
existing only in the mind,

She usually wears black

boots with high heels.

tight trousers that are made

of soft material that
stretches and are worn
mainly by women,
the period of European
history between Ancient
Times and the Renaissance,
from A.D. 500 to A.D. 1500,

to join three or more pieces

of hair by putting them over
each other in a special
pattern,
a hair style in which all the
hair is drawn up and tied at
the back so that the ends
hang free,
a position in an organization
showing the importance of
the person having it,
to think that someone or
something has a particular
quality, value, or standard,

frightened of something, or
nervous about something,

a person who serves in the

army and who is not an
officer,
expecting people to obey
rules or to do what you say,

a piece of womens clothing

made of very thin material
that covers the legs and
bottom,
a short coat with a stiff high
collar, worn as part of a
uniform by soldiers or the
like,

Leggings are very popular

this year.

imaginary (adj)

leggings (n)

Middle Ages (n)

plait (v)

ponytail (n)

rank (n)
rate (v)

scared (adj)
soldier (n)
strict (adj)
tights (n)

tunic (n)

uniform (n)

a special suit of clothing

worn by all members of a

My mother told me that

the monster under my
bed is imaginary.

Antonym

Word Family

next

previous

make-believe,
mythical

actual,
concrete, real

imagine,
imagination

soft

strictly,
strictness

The great castles of

Europe were built during
the Middle Ages.
She plaited her hair
hurriedly.
She looks cute with her
hair in a ponytail.
He has just been
promoted to the rank of
captain.
The company seems to
rate him very highly.

position

Robert is scared of
heights.
The soldiers guarded the
entrance to the base.
Her strict teacher told her
to stay after school.
This store has a great
variety of trendy tights for
the autumn and winter.
In the Middle Ages, a
knight wore a cloth or
leather tunic covered with
iron rings or scales, and
an iron cap with a nose
guard.
All the kids in that school
wear a uniform.

demanding,
severe, stern,
stiff

costume

uniformity

Unit 9 Lesson 2
Word

Definition

Example

Synonym

Antonym

Word Family

It's unlikely that they'll

arrive on time,
considering the snow.
Their complaints upset
her.

doubtful,
improbable

certain, likely,
possible,
probable, sure

unlikeliness

particular group,
unlikely (adj)

not probable; doubtful,

upset (v)

to bother or to make
uncomfortable,

agitate, dismay,
disturb

upsetting

Unit 9 Lesson 3
Word

Definition

Example

Synonym

base (v)

to serve as a basis; establish,

The novel is based on her

own life story.

establish,
ground

competition (n)

a contest or game,

The diving competition

will be held tomorrow.

contest, game

cute (adj)

pretty, charming, or
adorable,
a type of strong cotton cloth
used especially to make
jeans,
someone whose job is to
make plans or patterns for
clothes, furniture,
equipment etc.,
to cause to be seen; show,

This outfit for the baby is

so cute!
Every time I wear denim
jeans I feel like a cowboy.

denim (n)
designer (n)

display (v)

employee (n)
fit (v)
handsome (adj)
label (n)

mediation (n)

research (v)
thick (adj)

trust (v)
try on (v)
wig (n)

someone who is paid to

work for a person or
company,
to be the right shape and
size for,
having a pleasing and
healthy appearance; nice to
look at,
a piece of paper or material
that is attached to
something and gives you
information about it,
when you talk to two
separate people or groups
involved in a disagreement
to try to help them to agree
or find a solution to their
problems,
to study a subject in order to
discover new information
about it,
not thin, ,

to have confidence in,

to put on clothing to see if it

fits,
a head covering made of
natural or artificial hair,
worn to cover one's own
hair,

Antonym

compete,
competitor,
competitive

His cousin is a famous

fashion designer.
Artists often display their
paintings along the
sidewalks of New York
City.
How many employees
does the firm have?

Word Family

design

exhibit, present,
show
worker

employ,
employer,
unemployment

Does the shirt fit him?

He is a handsome man.
There are washing
instructions on the label.
Family mediation can be a
very useful way for some
couples to sort out
practical things when they
split up.
I researched the Greek
Civil War for my history
class.
We placed a thick book
on the chair so that Sarah
could reach her dinner
plate.
I trust your opinion.
She tried on four dresses
before making a choice.
Many people purchase a
wig to change their style
or to create a dramatic
look for a special night.

mediate

investigate

researcher

fat

thin

thickness

believe

distrust, doubt

trusted,
trustful

Unit 10 Lesson 1
Word

Definition

Example

clay (n)

moist, stiff earth that is used

for making brick, pottery,
and tile,

concept (n)

a general idea or thought,

to concentrate one's
attention or efforts,

Under the teacher's

supervision, the students
will use a pottery wheel
to create clay pots.
What is your concept of
love?
She ignored her little
brother and focused on
getting her work done.

focus (v)

function (n)

the purpose of something or

someone,

grow (v)

to become larger by natural

development; increase,

to make something become

hot or warm,

heat (v)
hemp (n)

a tall plant first found in Asia

which is an important source
of fibre for rope and coarse
cloth,

leather (n)

animal skin that has been

treated to preserve it, and is
used for making shoes, bags
etc,
a wild plant whose leaves
sting you if you touch them,

the pale wood of pine trees,

nettle (n)
pine (n)

process (n)
produce (v)
raw (adj)

a series of actions that you

take in order to do
something,
to make or manufacture,

not cooked or changed by

any process,

rubber (n)

a strong material that bends

easily and is used to make
tyres, boots, etc,

run out of (v)

to finish, use, or sell all of

something so that there is
none left,
having to do with science,

scientific (adj)
soy bean (n)
take turns (phr)

a small bean which is used as

a food for people and
animals,
to do one after the other, in
order,

The function of an
umbrella is to keep you
from getting wet.
A baby grows fast in its
first weeks after birth.
We heat our house with
wood during the winter.

Synonym

Antonym

idea, notion,
thought
concetrate

focused

purpose,
role, use
develop

Word Family

functional
decline,
decrease

growth

warm

A number of products,
including paper and
clothing - even food and
beer - are made from
hemp.
The inside of the bag was
lined with soft leather.
Nettle has many
medicinal uses.
Pine is often used as a
building material and in
making furniture, paper
etc.
We are learning the
process of milking cows.
This factory produces
towels.
Raw carrots are one of my
favourite snacks.
For convenience and
safety, guests are advised
to wear rubber shoes,
long trekking pants and to
bring extra shirts and
jackets in case of rain.
We have run out of milk
and juice.
He found a scientific
solution to the problem.
The soy bean plant grows
especially in Asia.
We'll take turns on the
bicycle.

method,
operation,
procedure
make,
manufacture

producer,
product

consume, eat,
finish
science,
scientifically,
scientist

Unit 10 Lesson 1
Word

Definition

Example

wool (n)

thick thread or material that

is made from the hair of a
sheep,

She doesn't like wool

because it can be itchy.

Synonym

Antonym

Word Family
woolen

Unit 10 Lesson 2
Word

Definition

Example

Synonym

Antonym

ancient (adj)

belonging to a time long ago

in history, especially
thousands of years ago,

to join together; Link,

The Colloseum is a
famous ancient building.

antique, old

brand-new,
new

I connected the plug to an

extension cord.

attach, join,
link

disconnect,
separate

someone who delivers

messages, packages etc,

when someone or something

has to wait, or the length of
the waiting time,

very long string made of

strong material and used to
catch fish,

The company sent the

package across town by
courier.
His delay in finishing the
project caused him to get
a lower grade.

messenger

connect (v)

courier (n)
delay (n)

fishing line (n)

military (adj)
order (v)
package (n)

parachute (n)

route (n)
silk (n)
spice (n)

staff (n)

having to do with soldiers or

armies,
to ask to be delivered or
made,
something wrapped in
paper, packed in a box and
then sent by mail or
delivered,
a large piece of cloth that is
attached to your body with
strings and helps you to drop
safely from a plane,

a road or course of travel

from one place to another,

a fine, soft, shiny fibre

produced by certain insects,

a vegetable substance with a

particular smell or taste
which is used to flavour
food,
the people who work for an
organization,

The bus uses a different

route than it used to.

pack, parcel

path, road,
way

The silkworm makes silk

as it spins its cocoon.

silky

Pepper and cinnamon are

two common spices.

spicy

a period of development, or
a particular time in a
process,
a person's position or rank
compared with others,

steam (n)

water vapour formed by

boiling,

We cooked the
vegetables in steam.

strike (n)

a period of time when a

group of workers
deliberately stop working
because of a disagreement
about pay, working
conditions etc,

The teachers strike will

begin at midnight
tomorrow.

status (n)

civil, civilian

The supplies were

dropped by parachute.

The entire staff has done

an outstanding job this
year.
Adolescence is a stage
between childhood and
adulthood.
His status went up when
he got a promotion.

stage (n)

connected,
connection,
connector

delayed

Important parameters of
a fishing line are its
length, material, and
weight.
Dan wore a military
uniform.
She ordered some clothes
from the catalogue.
He was carrying a package
under his arm.

Word Family

crew, team
level, phase,
step
level, place,
position,
standing

steamy

Unit 10 Lesson 2
Word

Definition

Example

Synonym

string (n)

a cord or thin rope,

He tied a string to his

balloon.

line

Antonym

Word Family

Unit 10 Lesson 3
Word

Definition

Example

cane (n)

the long, hard stem of the

bamboo plant and other
large grass plants,

Sugar cane is the source

of sugar in all tropical and
subtropical countries of
the world.

construction (n)

something that is built, such

as a building,

This construction is the

tallest in the city.

building,
structure

crop (n)

plants grown on a farm,

movable objects such as

chairs, tables, and beds used
to make a room fit for living
in,
to form in the mind a
thought, picture, or image
of,
to bring in from another
country,

Corn is an important crop.

harvest

having a lasting effect on the

mind or feelings; making a
strong impression,

a person who has a special

interest or area of study,

a long thin string of cotton,

silk etc used to sew or weave
cloth,

The new skyscraper is an

impressive building.

furniture (n)

imagine (v)
import (v)
impressive (adj)

specialist (n)
thread (n)

Synonym

Antonym

Word Family

construct

My grandmother bought
beautiful new furniture
for my bedroom.
Can you imagine living on
the moon?

dream

The United States imports

cars from Japan.

She is a specialist in
Chinese poetry.
I'm looking for a needle
and thread to repair a
hole in my jeans.

memorable,
splendid

export

imported

ordinary

impress,
impression