International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882

Volume 4, Issue 5, May 2015

Transient Step Response Specification of Z-Source DC-DC Converter

Shilpa P.Ashtankar 1
1

Department of Electrical Engg, KITS, Ramtek, RTM Nagpur university, Nagpur, India

ABSTRACT
Z-Source dc-dc converter is alternative power
conversion topology that can buck/boost the input
voltage using passive components. It allows shoot
through state which is forbidden in traditional converter
avoiding the risk of damaging switches in converter
circuit to make circuit more reliable. A steady state dc
value of capacitor voltage VCz ,output voltage V0 & dc
link voltage Vdc are calculated theoretically & results
are verified by using simulation. Simulation results for
open loop & close loop ZSC with PID controller are
obtained for step change in input voltage, duty cycle &
load resistance by using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The
transient step responses are also obtained for step
disturbance in input voltage & load.
Keywords

Buck/boost,
dc
link
voltage,
MATLAB/SIMULINK, steady state dc value of capacitor
voltage, transient step responses, Z-source dc-dc
converter(ZSC),.

I.

INTRODUCTION

In power electronics literature, the level and

characteristics of source voltage have been changed by
using various converter topologies. Each converter
topology has its own barrier regarding different aspects
like number of components used, stress on
semiconductor switches, cost and converter efficiency.
Today, efficient power conversion is more important
because of alternative energy sources like photovoltaic
system, fuel cell, solar energy, wind energy and ocean
wave energy that require proper power conditioning to
adapt to different loads. Also hybrid vehicles are also
very promising new applications of power converters.
The Z-source converter is a newly proposed power
conversion concept that is very promising in the above
mentioned areas of power conditioning especially in
alternative energy sources ,hybrid electric vehicles and
distributed generation. Higher Efficiency, lower cost &
more reliability are major objective for power electronics
designers. New topologies in power conversion like Zsource converter (ZSC) are given in detail with ac small
signal modeling & analysis in continuous conduction
mode[1].The open loop duty factor to output voltage

transfer function, Gvd is derived based on the detailed

mathematical modeling of ZSC by using state space
averaging method in continuous conduction mode [2].
Unique buck- boost capability of Z-Source Inverter
allows a wider input voltage range & eliminates the
usage of traditional converter [3].Maximum boost control
method is presented to produce maximum voltage boost
under given modulation index[4]. A novel bidirectional
Z-source dc-dc converter buck-boost topology is used for
electric vehicle application [5-6].The algorithm to control
both dc boost and ac output voltage of Z-source inverter
[7].. ZSC can be implemented as a 3-phase dc/ac
converter known as Z-source inverter (ZSI).It can also be
applied to ac/dc & ac/ac power conversion. ZSI topology
is developed continuously & successfully utilized in
various applications like motor drives, Adjustable speed
drives, Hybrid Electric Vehicles & Photovoltaic
applications [8-11].
Operating principle of Z-source dc-dc converter is
explained [2]. In operating principle, two operating
modes of ZSC Shoot through & Non-shoot through state
is explained with mathematical equations. Further the
steady state model of ZSC is obtained for continuous
conduction mode to study the dynamics introduced by
inductors & capacitors uniquely contained in the circuit.
It also gives the design of close loop controller along
with design component of ZSC. Detailed mathematical
modeling along with transfer function of ZSC is given in
reference [2].
This paper gives the transient step responses of ZSC
obtained for step disturbance in input voltage & load. The
paper is organized as follows. The review of Z-Source
dc-dc converter is presented in section II. The
mathematical analysis of steady state dc value of
capacitor voltage VCz ,output voltage V0, & dc link
voltage Vdc are given in section III. Section IV gives the
theoretical calculation of VCz & Vdc is given along with
its simulation similarly simulation results for open loop
& close loop ZSC with PID controller are obtained by
using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The transient responses
are also obtained for step disturbance in input voltage Vs
& load RL followed by summery of the work presented
in last section V.

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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 4, Issue 5, May 2015

II.

REVIEW OF Z-SOURCE DC-DC

CONVERTER

Fig.1: Open loop system configuration of zsc converter

Z-source converter is new promising topology in power

conversion. It consist of X shaped impedance which is
composed of two split inductors & two capacitors to
provide coupling between dc source & load. Unique
buck/boost capability of ZSC allows a wider input
voltage range & eliminates the usage of traditional
converter [2-3].Also the ZSC has the unique ability to
allow dc link to be shorted which is called shoot through
state. In ZSC only one switch MOSFET connected across
dc link, hence when switch get turn on shoot through
state takes place & when it is switched off non shoot
through state takes place [1-3].Shoot through state
improves the reliability of the circuit.

D closed

LZ1
Lo

S1
Vdc
Cz1

VS

Cz2

S2
open

Co

Vo

RL

Fig. 3: boost and buck-boost nature of z-source

converter

III. STEADY STATE EQUATION OF

CAPACITOR VOLTAGE & DC LINK
VOLTAGE

Lz2

(a)
D Open

S1

ZSI at the non-shoot through mode and shoot through

mode respectively. In non shoot through mode as shown
in Fig. 2(a) switch S2 is off state. In this mode, Z-source
inductor LZ, transfer the stored energies on them to load
also the input current is transferred to Z- source
capacitor CZ and load. Inductor Lo is energized during
this mode. In this mode as diode is forward biased
switch S1 is closed. In shoot-through mode as shown in
Fig. 2(b) switch S2 is switched on. In this mode Lz are
energized by CZ. By applying Kirchhoffs voltage law to
fig2(b) voltage across diode (switch S1) comes out to be
negative value. Diode becomes reversed biased and
hence switch S1 becomes open .The load is meanwhile
fed by filter inductor Lo and
Co. The detailed
mathematical modeling of ZSC is given in reference
[2].ZSC can be operated in buck/boost mode depending
upon the operating region of duty cycle. When D < 0.5,
converter operates in boost mode & when D > 0.5, it
operates in buck-boost mode .

Assume the Z-source inductors (L Z1 & L Z2) &

capacitors (C Z1 & C Z2) respectively. From the
equivalent circuit, we have

LZ1

Cz1

Lo
RL
S2 Closed

Cz2

Co

VLz1 VLz 2 VLz ,

Vo

VS
Lz2

(b)
Fig. 2: Equivalent circuit of zsc (a) non-shoot through
mode (b) shoot through mode.
Fig. 1 shows the simplified circuit of open loop Zsource dc-dc converter. The ZSC has two operating
modes: Non shoot through mode and Shoot through
mode [1]. Fig. 2 (a) & (b) shows the equivalent circuit of

VCz1 VCz 2 VCz

(1)
When the ZSC is in the non-shoot through state for a
period T1 from Fig. 2(a) the inductor voltage and input
voltage of the inverter can be expressed as
VLz Vs VCz , Vdc VCz VLz 2VCz Vs (2)
When the ZSC is in the shoot through state for a period
To from Fig 2(b), the voltage Vdc becomes zero.
The inductor voltage can be expressed as
V Lz VCz
(3)

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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 4, Issue 5, May 2015

As the average of the inductor voltage over one switching

period T becomes zero in steady state, the capacitor
voltage can be derived as

T1
1 D
(4)
Vs
V
T1 To
1 2D S
Where T T1 To is the switching period &
D To / T is the shoot through time duty ratio. Above
VCz Vo

equation shows that steady state dc value of capacitor

voltage VCz is equal to output voltage Vo & Vs is the
steady state value of the input voltage.
The peak value (Vdc) of the capacitor voltage is
dependent on shoot through time & can be stepped up by
increasing the shoot- through time. The peak value of the
pulsating dc link voltage (Vdc) is given as

T
1
Vdc 2Vcz Vs
Vs
Vs
T1 To
1 2D

IV.

Fig. 5 : Simulation waveform of dc link voltage in

steady state.
The close loop simulation results are obtained by
applying close loop PID controller as shown in fig
below.
REFERENCE +
VOLTAGE

(5)

PID
CONTROLLER

Z-SOURCE
DC-DC
CONVERTER

OUTPUT
VOLTAGE

SIMULATION RESULTS

The simulation results are obtained for ZSC input

voltage Vs=30V, shoot through duty cycle=0.2, RL=8,
Z source input inductor & input capacitor are
Lz1=Lz2=300H, Cz1=Cz2=360F respectively. ZSC
output inductor & output capacitor values are taken as
Lo=100H & Co=500F respectively. The Z-source
circuit parameter is considered as ideal circuit parameter
and
simulation
is
performed
by
using
MATLAB/SIMULINK. From above design analysis, the
output voltage Vo are obtained as 40V.Similarly
capacitor voltage VCz, are obtained theoretically as
Vo=Vcz=40V which is verified by simulation result.

Fig. 6: Block diagram of the z-source dc-dc converter

with close loop PID controller.
ZSC open loop & close loop simulation waveforms is
obtained for output voltage & load current for step
disturbance in input voltage, load and duty cycle as
follows. Transient responses are also obtained for step
disturbance in input voltage & load.

(a)

Fig. 4: Simulation waveform of capacitor voltage in

steady state.
The simulation of peak Vdc based on the ideal circuit
agrees well with the theoretical results (1/(1-2D) Vs =50
V,where D=0.2 and Vs =30V.

( b)
Fig. 7 : Open loop simulation waveform obtained from
z-source dc-dc converter model (a) Output voltage (b)
load current for 20% step change in input voltage.

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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 4, Issue 5, May 2015

Table I
Obtained Transient Parameter from open loop ZSC Step
Responses
T.R.
Rise
Settling Peak
Peak
time,tr time,ts time,tp overshoot
S.R.
(msec) (msec) (msec) (%)
Fig.7(a)
1.2
2.3
40
37.5
Fig.7(b)
1.3
2.4
40
38
Fig. 8(a)
1.5
2.4
38
40
Fig.8 (b)
1.6
2.3
37
38.8
Fig. 9 (a)
1
2.1
35
4
Fig. 9 (b)
1.5
2.5
35.6
20

(a)

(b)
Fig. 8: open loop simulation waveform obtained
from z-source dc-dc converter model (a) Output
voltage (b) load current for step change in duty cycle
from 0.2 to 0.3.

Transient responses are obtained from open loop

simulation waveform for step changes in input voltage,
duty cycle & load are given in table I.

(a)
(a)

(b)
Fig. 9: Open loop simulation waveform obtained
from z-source dc-dc converter model (a) output
voltage (b) load current for step change in RL from
10 to 5 .

(b)
Figure 10: close loop simulation waveform obtained for
(a)output voltage (b) load current for change in input
voltage from 30V to 36V.

(a)

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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 4, Issue 5, May 2015

VI.

(b)
Figure 11: close loop simulation waveform obtained
for (a) output voltage (b) load current for step change
in load from 10 ohm to 5 ohm.
Table II
Obtained Transient Parameter from close
Step Responses
T.R.
Rise
Settlin Peak
time,tr g
time,tp
S.R.
(msec) time,ts (msec)
(msec)
Fig.10 (a)
1.1
2
30
Fig.10 (b)
1
1.8
29
Fig. 11 (a)
1
2
30
Fig. 11 (b)
1
1
30

loop ZSC
Peak
overshoot
(%)
3.75
3.5
2.67
2.75

Transient responses are obtained from close loop

simulation waveform for step changes in input voltage,
duty cycle & load are given in table II.

V.

CONCLUSION

This paper shows that ZSC can be operated in

buck/boost mode depending upon the operating region
of duty cycle. The theoretical calculation results of
steady state dc value of capacitor voltage VCz ,output
voltage V0, & dc link voltage Vdc are well agree with
its simulation results. In this paper
transient
specification obtained from close loop ZSC step
response shown in table II are compared with open
loop transient responses given in table I for change in
input voltage & change in load resistance which is
obtained from simulation results. The comparison
shows that with close loop PID controller rise time is
reduced by (0.1-0.5) msec, settling time reduced by
(0.3-1) msec, peak time reduced by (5-11 msec) &
peak overshoot is reduced by (1%-34.5%). By using
close loop PID controller, desired transient
specifications.

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