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3 DimensionalHolographic Projection Technology Full Report
3 DimensionalHolographic Projection Technology Full Report
Tech SeminarReport
3D HOLOGRAPHIC PROJECTION TECHNOLOGY
Submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of
Technology
inElectronics and Communication Engineering
of
The University of Kerala
Submitted by
SHAHID S(Register No: 12416055)
Mr. SAFUVAN T
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the seminar report entitled 3D HOLOGRAPHIC
PROJECTION TECHNOLOGYis a bonafide record of the work done by SHAHID
S(Reg: no:12 416 055)of 7th semester during the year 2015 under my supervision and
guidance, in the partial fulfillment for the award of Degree of Bachelor of Technology
in Electronics and Communication Engineering from the University of Kerala.
Seminar Guide
Seminar Co-ordinators
Mr. RAJEEV. S K
Head of the Department
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Younus College of Engineering & Technology
Internal Examiner
External Examiner
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, I would like to thank the Lord Almighty for the blessings towards
the successful completion of our seminar.
I would like to express our sincere thanks to Dr. M Abdul Majeed, The
Principal, Younus College of Engineering & Technology,forproviding support and
necessary facilities for doing this seminar.
I sincerely thank Mr. Rajeev.S K, Head of the Department, Department of
Electronics & CommunicationEngineering for his support and encouragement that
led to the completion of this seminar.
I would like to thank Mr. Aneesh P Thankachan, Associate Professor and
Mr.
Riyas
N,
Assistant
Professor,Department
of
Electronics
SHAHID S
ABSTRACT
The holographic projection is a kind of 3D technology of without wearing any
glasses, and viewers can see the three-dimensional virtual character.This seminar
examines the new technology of Holographic Projections. It highlights the importance
and need of this technology and how it represents the new wave in the future of
technology and communications, the different application of the technology, the fields
of life it will dramatically affect including business, education, telecommunication
and healthcare. The paper also discusses the future of holographictechnology and how
it will prevail in the coming years highlighting how it will also affect and reshape
many other fields of life, technologies and businesses. We can often see the threedimensional holographic communication technology in science fiction movies,using
the principle of three-dimensional computer graphics, and the distant person or thing
can been projected in the air in the form of three-dimension.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER No:
TITLE
PAGE No:
List of Abbreviations
iii
List of Figures
iv
INTRODUCTION
3D HOLOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY
2.1 Holograms
11
12
WORKING OF HOLOGRAM
13
14
14
15
16
16
16
18
20
20
21
21
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
23
10
24
11
CONCLUSION
25
REFERENCE
26
ii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
3DHT
3D Holographic Technology
CGH
DLP
LCD
SLM
TFT
iii
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE No:
TITLE
PAGE No:
3.1
3.2
6.1
14
6.2
15
6.3
15
6.4
16
6.5
17
6.6
17
6.7
17
7.1
19
7.2
19
7.3
3D Holographic projection
20
iv
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
It can often see the three-dimensional holographic communication technology
in science fiction movies, using the principle of three-dimensional computer graphics,
and the distant person or thing can been projected in the air in the form of threedimensional. With the development of science, all the equipment are miniaturization
and precision, while the display device cannot match, and people have a demand for a
new display technology to solve the problem. The 3D holographic projection is
precisely as this role. The word, hologram is composed of the Greek terms, "holos"
for "whole view"; and gram meaning "written". A hologram is a three-dimensional
record of the positive interference of laser light waves. A technical term for
holography is wave front reconstruction. Dennis Gabor, the Hungarian physicist
working on advancement research for electron micro-scopes, discovered the basic
technology of holography in 1947. However, the technique was not fully utilized until
the 1960s, when laser technology was perfected. 3D Holographic Technology (3DHT)
created in 1962. Holography, means of creating a unique photographic image without
the use of a lens. The photographic recording of the image is called a hologram,
which appears to be an unrecognizable pattern of stripes and whorls but which when
illuminated by coherent light, as by a laser beam organizes the light into a three
dimensional representation of the original object.
3D Holographic projection technology is the new sign of future technology
and communications. This technology first received attention worldwide in 2008
when Prince Charles addressed the World future energy summit and made his first
appearance as a hologram in a bid to reduce the royal carbon footprint. In past,
American leader Al Gore launched Live Earth Tokyo in a high-tech, virtual way as
a hologram using Holographic Projection. This technology has been used widely to
launch the products and create fun. The 3D holographic projection technology is also
known as ''Musion Eyeliner.'' Musion Eyeliner is a variation on the Peppers Ghost
stage illusion. Here, the images used are three-dimensional images, but projected as
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two-dimensional images (2D/3D) into a 3D stage set, therefore the mind of the
audience create the 3D illusion. Subjects are filmed in HDTV and broadcast on to the
foil through HDTV projection systems, driven by HD Mpeg2 digital hard disc
players, or uncompressed full HDTV video players. This means that production costs
are minimal, needing only the single camera lenses for filming and a single projector
for the playback hence the phrase Glasses-free viewing. With the different
application of this technology, it will dramatically affect all the fields of life including
business, education, telecommunication and healthcare.
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CHAPTER 2
3D HOLOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY
Holography is a diffraction-based coherent imaging technique in which a
complex three-dimensional object can be reproduced from a flat, two-dimensional
screen with a complex transparency representing amplitude and phase values. It is
commonly agreed that real-time holography is the ne plus ultra art and science of
visualizing fast temporally changing 3-D scenes. The integration of the real-time or
electro-holographic principle into display technology is one of the most promising but
also challenging developments for the future consumer display and TV market. Only
holography allows the reconstruction of natural-looking 3-D scenes, and therefore
provides observers with a completely comfortable viewing experience.
A holoprojector will use holographic technology to project large-scale, highresolution images onto a variety of different surfaces, at different focal distances,
from a relatively small-scale projection device. To understand the technology used in
holographic projection, we must understand the term Hologram, and the process of
making and projecting holograms. Holography is a technique that allows the light
scattered from an object to be recorded and later reconstructed. The technique to
optically store, retrieves, and process information. The holograms preserve the 3-D
information of a holographed subject, which helps to project 3D images.
2.1 HOLOGRAMS
A hologram is a physical component or device that stores information about
the holographic image. For example a hologram can be a grating recorded on a piece
of film. It is especially useful to be able to record a full image of an object in a short
exposure if the object or space changes in time. Holos means whole and graphein
means writing. Holography is a technique that is used to display objects or scenes in
three dimensions. These 3D images are called holograms. A photographic record
produced by illuminating the object with coherent light (as from a laser) and, without
using lenses, exposing a film to light reflected from this object and to a direct beam of
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coherent light. When interference patterns on the film are illuminated by the coherent
light a three-dimensional image is produced.
2.2 TYPES OF HOLOGRAMS
A hologram is a recording in a two-or three-dimensional medium of the
interference pattern formed when a point source of light (the reference beam) of fixed
wavelength encounters light of the same fixed wavelength arriving from an object (the
object beam). When the hologram is illuminated by the reference beam alone, the
diffraction pattern recreates the wave fronts of light from the original object. Thus, the
viewer sees an image indistinguishable from the original object.
There are many types of holograms, and there are varying ways of classifying
them. For our purpose, we can divide them into three types: reflection hologram,
transmission holograms and computer generated holograms.
2.2.1 Reflection Hologram
The reflection hologram, in which a truly three-dimensional image is seen near
its surface, is the most common type shown in galleries. The hologram is illuminated
by a spot of white incandescent light, held at a specific angle and distance and
located on the viewers side of the hologram. Thus, the image consists of light
reflected by the hologram. Recently, these holograms have been made and displayed
in colour their images optically indistinguishable from the original objects. If a mirror
is the object, the holographic image of the mirror reflects white light.
2.2.2 Transmission Holograms
The typical transmission hologram is viewed with laser light, usually of the
same type used to make the recording. This light is directed from behind the hologram
and the image is transmitted to the observers side. The virtual image can be very
sharp and deep. Furthermore, if an undiverged laser beam is directed backward
(relative to the direction of the reference beam) through the hologram, a real image
can be projected onto a screen located at the original position of the object.
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CHAPTER 3
3D HOLOGRAPHIC PROJECTION SYSTEM PRINCIPLE
The holographic projection is a kind of 3D technology of without wearing
glasses, and viewers can see the three-dimensional virtual character. This technology
is more in some museum applications. Three-dimensional holographic projection
equipment is not the use of digital technology, but the projection equipment projects
the different angle image to the holographic projection membrane, so that you can see
other images that are not belong to your own point of view, and thus achieve a true
three-dimensional holographic image.
360 degree phantom imaging is a three-dimensional screen that imaging is
suspended in mid-air imaging in the real, creating magic and real atmosphere, and the
effect is peculiar, with a strong sense of depth. The object can be conjunct with the
phantom in the air, also be available with touch screen interaction with the audience.
Holographic interactive display system is a combination with nanometer touch
sensitive membrane and scattering rear-projection imaging technology, andit is a
novel and extraordinary presentation. Visitors can interact with holographic display
glass, and be given a mysterious and magical fantasy feeling and provided the
modern, stylish, interactive tools for the query of the display.
3D holographic projection is the technology that record and reproduce objects
in real 3D image with using of interference and diffraction theory. Holographic
projection schematic is been shown in Fig.3.1
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The first step is to record the object light wave information by interference
principle, namely, the shooting process: the subject under laser irradiation forms a
diffuse object beam; another part of the laser as a reference beam shines on the
holographic film, and the object beam is been superimposed and produce interference,
converts the phase and amplitude of object light waves to the intensity in space
changes, thus records all the information of the object light waves with using of
contrast and spacing in interference strips. The film, recording the interference stripes,
after developing and fixing handler, will become a hologram or holographic photo.
The second step is by diffraction theory to that reproduce the object light wave
information, which is the imaging process: the hologram is like a complex grating, in
coherent laser, the sine-hologram diffraction light waves of a linear record of
generally give two the original image (also known as the initial image) and the
conjugate image. The image of reproduction has the strong three-dimensional sense,
and a real visual effect. Every part of the hologram recorded the light of the object, so
in principle, every part can reproduce the original image, a number of different
images can be recorded on a film by multiple-exposure and showed each other
without disturbing.
Holographic projection technology is holography displayed reversely. In
essence, it is the formation of three-dimensional images on the air or a specialthreedimensional lens. This technology breaks throughthe limitations of traditional sound,
light, power, andthe image is color, the contrast and clarity are veryhigh. Unlike the
flat screen projection displaying thestereoscopic perception only in the twodimensionalsurface by the effect of perspective and shadows,holographic projection
technology isthe real rendering of 3D images, which different sides of the image can
be viewed from any angle of 360 degree. Decorative and practicality are blended, and
the strong sense of space and perspective are the most attractive place of this
technique. The holographic projection is expected to become the ultimate show
solutions beyond the current 3D technology.The computer-generated holographic
principle can be including the calculation process and the reproduce, which shown in
Fig.3.2
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CHAPTER 4
IMPORTANCE AND NEED OF HOLOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
The interest in 3D viewing is not new. The public has embraced this
experience since at least the days of stereoscopes, at the turn of the last century. New
excitement, interest, and enthusiasm then came with the 3D movie craze in the middle
of the last century, followed by the fascinations of holography, and most recently the
advent of virtual reality. Recent developments in computers and computer graphics
have made spatial 3D images more practical and accessible. The computational power
now exists, for example, for desktop workstations to generate stereoscopic image
pairs quickly enough for interactive display. At the high end of the computational
power spectrum, the same technological advances that permit intricate object
databases to be interactively manipulated and animated now permit large amounts of
image data to be rendered for high quality 3D displays.
Modern three-dimensional (3D) display technologies are increasingly
popular and practical not only in computer graphics, but in other diverse
environments and technologies as well. Growing examples include medical
diagnostics, flight simulation, air traffic control, battlefield simulation, weather
diagnostics, entertainment, advertising, education, animation, virtual reality, robotics,
biomechanical studies, scientific visualization, and so forth. The increasing interest
and popularity are due to many factors. In our daily lives, we are surrounded by
synthetic computer graphic images both in principle and on television. People can
nowadays even generate similar images on personal computers at home. We also
regularly see holograms on credit cards and lenticular displays on cereal boxes.
There is also a growing appreciation that twodimensional projections of 3D
scenes, traditionallyreferred to as 3D computer graphics, can be insufficient for
inspection, navigation, and comprehension of some types of multivariate data.
Without the benefit of 3D rendering, even high quality images that have excellent
perspective depictions still appear unrealistic and flat. For such application
environments, the human depth cues of stereopsis, motion parallax, and (perhaps to a
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being viewed simultaneously by any of the other viewers present, all within the same
viewing environment, and all with complete freedom of movement therein. Yet
another urgent need is for an unobtrusive 3D viewing device that combines feedback
for optimizing the viewing experience in combination with provisions for 3D user
input, thus enabling viewing and manipulation of virtual 3D objects in 3D space
without the need for special viewing goggles or headgear. In view of the ever
increasing commercial competitive pressures, increasing consumer expectations, and
diminishing opportunities for meaningful product differentiation in the marketplace, it
is increasingly critical that answers be found to these problems. Moreover, the everincreasing need to save costs, improve efficiencies, improve performance, and meet
such competitive pressures adds even greater urgency to the critical necessity that
answers be found to these problems.
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CHAPTER 5
3D HOLOGRAPHIC PROJECTION TECHNOLOGY TYPES
There are the following categories about the holographic projection
technology broadly:
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CHAPTER 6
WORKING OF HOLOGRAM
The time-varying light field of a scene with all its physical properties is to be
recorded and then regenerated. Hence the working of holography is divided into two
phases:
Recording
Reconstruction
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Reflection holograms
Transmission holograms
Reflection holograms form images by reflecting a beam of light off the surface
of the hologram. This type of hologram produces very high quality images but is very
expensive to create.
Transmission holograms form images by transmitting a beam of light through
the hologram. This type of hologram is more commonly seen since they can be
inexpensively mass-produced. Embossed holograms, such as those found on credit
cards, are transmission holograms with a mirrored backing.
6.1 REFLECTION HOLOGRAMS
6.1.1 Recording of Reflection Holograms
The laser provides a highly coherent source of light. The beam of lighthits the
beam splitter, which is a semi-reflecting plate that splits the beam into two: anobject
beam and a reference beam.The object beam is widened by a beam spreader and the
lightis reflected off the object and is projected onto the photographic plate.The
reference beam is also widened by a beam spreader and the light reflects off a mirror
and shines on the photographic plate as shown in the Fig.6.1.
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The reference and object beams meet at the photographic plate and create the
interference pattern that records the amplitude and phase of theresultant wave as
shown in the Fig.6.2.
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the same angle, from the undiffracted beam. Between the image beams, the angle is
twice as large.
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CHAPTER 7
WORKING OF 3D HOLOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
TECHNOLOGY
This is entirely a Latest and vary unique Hi Definition 3D Projection
Technology in which a person is captured in 3Ddimentional Aspect with a Sp. Hi
Definition Camera on a specially built stage And Projected As Is at various Distant
Locations At a Time. Viewers at the other end will feel the presence of REAL
Person in front of them and also interact with projected Virtual person, without
wearing any kind of 3D glasses, as they interact with Actual Person.
Holography is a technique that enables a light field, which is generally the
product of a light sources scattered off Objects, to be recorded and Later reconstructed
when the original light field is no longer present, due to the absence of the original
objects. Holography can be thought of as somewhat similar to sound recording,
whereby a sound field created by vibrating matter like musical instruments or vocal
cords, is encoded in such a way that it can be reproduced later, without the presence
of the original vibrating matter. It starts with the patented foil, completely invisible to
the naked eye.Right at 45 across the stage and the bounce content off a projector
screen. This is then reflected upwards, reflects off the foil and gives s the impression
of a real 3D volumetric image on stage. A hologram is recorded by exposing a lightsensitive sensor (for example, photographic film, or a high-resolution CCD)
simultaneously to a coherent beam of light and the reflection of that beam of light
from the scene being recorded. The sensor records not an image of the scene, but the
interference (typically taking place at the surface of a sheet of film) between the
image and the original coherent light. This interference pattern contains all the
information in the light field at the sensor.
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(SLM), a device that changes the intensity and/or the phase of a beam of light. A
simple example is an overhead projector, wherein the transparency acts as an SLM.
7.1 DISPLAY SETUP
Display setup need ideally minimum height of 9 ft and footprint of 10 ft
square to show full size human figure.
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CHAPTER 8
ADVANCEMENT IN HOLOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY
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CHAPTER 9
APPLICATIONS AND FUTURE SCOPE
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chunky glasses which may be uncomfortable for some people to wear. Also experts
found that viewing 3D television over a long period can cause headache and eye strain
due to new sensory experience. Since holography makes beamed image look like real,
it should not have any future strain on the eyes nor generate headache.
9.4 PROJECTION DISPLAYS
Future colour liquid crystal displays (LCDs) will be brighter and whiter as a
result of holographic technology. Scientists at Polaroid Corp. have developed a
holographic reflector that will reflect ambient light to produce a white background.
Holographic televisions may be possible within a decade but at a high price. MIT
researchers recently made a prototype that does not need glasses, but true holographic
commercial TV will take a year to appear. One day all TVs could be holographic, but
will take 8-10 years. In future, holographic displays will be replacing all present
displays in all sizes, from small phone screen to large projectors
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CHAPTER 10
ADVANTAGES OF HOLOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
The interest in 3D viewing is not new. The public has embraced this
experience since at least the days of stereoscopes, at the turn of the last century. New
excitement, interest, and enthusiasm then came with the 3D movie craze in the middle
of the last century, followed by the fascinations of holography, and most recently the
advent of virtual reality. Recent developments in computers and computer graphics
have made spatial 3D images more practical and accessible. Modern three
dimensional (3D) display technologies are increasingly popular and practical not
only in computer graphics, but in other diverse environments and technologies as
well. A concurrent continuing need is for such practical auto stereoscopic 3D displays
that can also accommodate multiple viewers independently and simultaneously.
A particular advantage would be afforded if the need could be fulfilled to
provide such simultaneous viewing in which each viewer could be presented with a
uniquely customized auto stereoscopic 3D image that could be entirely different from
that being viewed simultaneously by any of the other viewers present, all within the
same viewing environment, and all with complete freedom of movement therein. A
high resolution three dimensional recording of an object. Another feature is that these
are glasses free 3D display. This 3D technology can accommodate multiple viewers
independently and simultaneously, which is an advantage no other 3D technology can
show. The 3D holographic technology does not need a projection screen. The
projections are projected into midair, so the limitations of screen are not applicable for
3D holographic display
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CHAPTER 11
CONCLUSION
Holography may still be in its infant stage, but its potentials applications are
aspiring. Holographic Technology and Spectral Imagining has endless applications, as
far as the human mind can imagine. Holography being the closest display technology
to our real environment may just be the right substitute when reality fails. With
holography, educational institutions may become a global village sooner that people
thought, where information and expertise are within reach. Knowledge sharing and
mobility will only cost a second and learning will become more captivating and
interactive. First, there is an urgent need to address the infrastructural deficiencies
limiting the application of holography in education.
More interestingly, the display medium of holography is very important. A
360 viewing angle is especially what is needed to maximize the use of holography in
education. Being able to display a 3D hologram in free air is also vital, because
interacting with holograms in a covered display may be cumbersome. In order not to
limit the use of holography to a non-interactive display medium, incorporation with
feedback technologies is mandatory. The haptic technology which makes it possible
to touch and manipulate virtual object is especially important. As the field of
hapticscontinues to grow and integrates with holography, interaction with holograms
becomes limitless. In future, holographic displays will be replacing all present
displays in all sizes, from small phone screen to large projectors.
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REFERENCE
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
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