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Etilbenzene 2 (Recovered)
Etilbenzene 2 (Recovered)
Etilbenzene 2 (Recovered)
c191
4,107,224
[l l]
Dwyer
[45]
[54]
[75]
Inventor:
[73]
Assignee:
[21]
[22]
Filed:
[51]
[52]
[58]
Int. Cl.2
U.S. Cl.
Field of Search
[56]
C07C 3/52
260/671 R; 260/671 C
260/671 R, 671 C
References Cited
U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
3,436,432
4/19~9
Mitsche
3,542,892
3,751,504
4,016,218
Stoker et al.
Keown et al.
Haag
[57]
ABSTRACT
11
10
13
I
REACTOF!
Ethylbenzene
Product
12
16
Ethyl- ..Benzene
Column
/9
benzene
Recovery
15
260/671 R
260/671 R
260/671 R
260/671 R
Benzene.
Dilute Ethylene
11/1970
8/1973
4/1977
Recovery
/8
20
Column
PEB
Stripper
3
Fuel Gos
17
Residue
Alkyloromotics Recycle
c::
.
Cl)
---
Benzene.
Dilute Ethylene
II
10
I
/4
13
12
Ethyl-
Benzene
Recovery
Column
/9
benzene
Recovery
/8
20
Column
PEB
Stripper
15
Fuel Gos
Flash
Drum
-/7
Residue
Al kylaromatics Recycle
>s::
--
qci
Ul
"
\0
.....J
00
4,107,224
OF THE INVENTION
25
30
35
40
45
50
SS
60
65
4,107,224
4,107,224
although puckered structures exist such as TMA offretite which is a known effective zeolite. Also, structures
can be conceived, due to pore blockage or other cause,
that may be operative.
Rather than attempt to judge from crystal structure
whether or not a zeolite possesses the necessary constrained access, a simple determination of the "constraint index" may be made by passing continuously a
mixture of an equal weight of normal hexane and 3methylpentane over a small sample, approximately 1
gram or less, of catalyst at atmospheric pressure according to the following procedure. A sample of the zeolite,
in the form of pellets or extrudate, is crushed to a particle size about that of coarse sand and mounted in a glass
tube. Prior to testing, the zeolite is treated with a stream
of air at 1000 F. for at least 15 minutes. The zeolite is
then flushed with helium and the temperature adjusted
between 550 F. and 950 F. to give an overall conversion between 10% and 60%. The mixture of hydrocarbons is passed at 1 liquid hourly space velocity (i.e., 1
volume of liquid hydrocarbon per volume of zeolite per
hour) over the zeolite with a helium dilution to give a
helium to total hydrocarbon mole ratio of 4: 1. After 20
minutes on stream, a sample of the effluent is taken and
analyzed, most conveniently by gas chromatography,
to determine the fraction remaining unchanged for each
of the two hydrocarbons.
The "constraint index" is calculated as follows:
Constraint Index =
>
8 Si02
xSi02
~~~:f
Beta
ZSM-4
H-Zeolon
REY
Amorphous Silica-Alumina
Erionite
i:~
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.6
38
45
TABLE I
d (A)
50
9.8
9.1
8.0
7.1
6.7
6.0
4.37
4.23
4.01
3.81
3.69
3.57
3.51
3.34
3.17
3.08
3.00
2.92
2.73
2.66
2.60
2.49
0.20
0.19
0.16
0.14
0.14
0.12
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
O.D7
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
I/Io
Strong
Medium
Weak
Medium
Medium
Weak
Weak
Weak
Very Strong
Very Strong
Medium
Very Strong
Very Strong
Medium
Strong
Medium
Weak
Medium
Weak
Weak
Weak
Weak
4,107,224
Broad
Preferred
0.2 - 1.0
0.05 - 0.5
41 - 500
8.8 - 200
0.3 - 0.9
0.07 - 0.49
100 - 250
12 - 60
: (0---0.8)MP : Alz03 :
>
8 Si02
25
TABLE II
d (A)
9.6
0.2
7.10 0.15
6.98 0.14
6.64 0.14
5.78 0.12
5.68 0.12
4.97 0.10
4.58 0.09
3.99 0.08
3.94 0.08
3.85 0.08
3.78 0.08
3.74 0.08
3.66 0.07
3.54 O.D7
3.48 0.07
3.39 0.07
3.32 0.07
3.14 0.06
2.90 0.06
2.85 0.06
2.71 0.05
2.65 0.05
2.62 0.05
2.58 0.05
2.54 0.05
2.48 0.05
I/lo
Very StrongVery Very Strong
Medium
Medium
Medium
Weak
Weak
Weak
Weak
Strong
Medium Strong
Medium
Strong
Weak
Medium
Very Strong
Very Strong
Weak
Weak Medium
Weak Medium
Weak
Weak
Weak
Weak
Weak
Weak
Weak
Weak
30
4,107,224
Zeolite
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
Ferrierite
Mordenite
ZSM-5,-11
Dachiardite
L
Clinoptilolite
Laumontite
ZSM-4 (Omega)
Heulandite
p
Offretite
Levynite
Erionite
Gmelinite
Chabazite
A
y
10
Void
Volume
0.28 cc/cc
.28
.29
.32
.32
.34
.34
.38
.39
.41
.40
.40
.35
.44
.47
.5
.48
Framework
Density
1.76 g/cc
1.7
1.79
1.72
1.61
1.71
1.77
1.65
1.69
1.57
1.55
1.54
1.51
1.46
1.45
1.3
L27
11
4,107,224
12
60
65