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CAI Factsheet IVEerere
CAI Factsheet IVEerere
Local Variables
Gas:
Overall
Altitude (meters or
feet)
(clean/unclean,
premixed/unmixed)
Sulfur content of
fuels (ppm)
Lead (none, low or
high)
Benzene (Super low,
low, moderate and
high)
Oxygenate content
of fuels (0-2.5%)
Diesel:
Overall
(clean/unclean,
premixed/unmixed)
Sulfur content of
fuels (ppm)
model year
Fleet distribution by
categories
Number of vehicle
starts, per day and
by vehicle type (start
distribution)
Mean mileage for
each vehicle type
(VKT)
Local emissions
factors *
Road Grade
Vehicle Specific
Power
Air Conditioning
Usage (A/C use at
27C (80F))
Average trip length
Average vehicle
speed
Inspection/maintena
nce programs
IVE has seven on-road vehicle categories, 1372 predefined technologies, and
45 additional technologies non-defined. Among the specifications are:
Vehicle types
passenger cars (private cars & taxis)
buses
trucks
motorcycles (three and two wheel vehicles)
other
Technologies are based on:
vehicle size
fuel type (gasoline, diesel, compressed natural gas, liquid
petroleum gas, ethanol)
vehicle use
fuel Delivery System
evaporative Control System
exhaust Control System/Standards
Note: A complete table is available in the users guide IVE model1
Fuel Types
diesel
petrol
natural gas
propane
ethanol
CNG/LPG
special
Pollutants/Gases Analyzed
Table 5.2 IVE Pollutants/Gasses Analyzed
Criteria
CO: Carbon Monoxide
VOC: Volatile Organic
Compounds
VOC
evap:
Volatile
Organic Compounds
NOx: Nitrogen Oxides
SOx: Sulfur Oxides
PM: Particulate Matter
Toxics
Pb: Lead
BUTA: 1,3 Butadiene
ALD: Acetaldehydes
Formaldehydes
NH3: Ammonia
BENZ: Benzene
Global warming
CO2: Carbon Dioxide
N2O: Nitrous Oxide
CH4: Methane
Evaluation
Table 5.3 IVE Evaluation (strengths and
elaboration based on other references below.
weaknesses)
Sources:
Strengths
Includes low-cost method for
gathering local information on
fleet composition
Weaknesses
IVE is not recommended for nonmotorized
and
land
use
management
Self
Precedents
IVE Vehicle Activity Reports conducted in: Peru (Lima), Mexico (Mexico City),
Chile (Santiago), Brazil (Sao Paulo), as well as Kazakhstan (Almaty), China
(Beijing, Shanghai), Kenya (Nairobi), India (Pune).
IVE Vehicle Emissions Reports conducted in: Brazil (Sao Paulo), Mexico
(Mexico City), as well as in Kazakhstan (Almaty), China (Beijing), Turkey
(Istanbul), and China (Xian). 2
IVE has additionally been applied in Argentina (Buenos Aires), Colombia
(Bogota, Cali), United States (Los Angeles), Mexico (Guadalajara, Mexicali,
Monterey, Tijuana), China (Tianjin), and Israel (Jerusalem).
Additional Information
Recommended by INE to be the national model for calculating emissions in
Mexico, in Feb. 2009 AWMA (journal)3 article, was rated easiest to use
model/most accurate model for developing countries when compared with
MOBILE, EMFAC, and COPERT (Lents & ISSRC)
The basic emission rates for each technology are developed from a variety of
sources, but many of the data for gasoline and diesel vehicles was taken
from the MOBILE6 model and documentation (EPA). Development of emission
factors for vehicles following the European Standards was found using the
COPERT 4 model and documentation (EEA, 2000).
IVE is considered the international version of MOVES, and contains all the
essential features of MOVES, though allows the user the freedom to calibrate
the emission factors to local conditions.
References
2 IVE Reports are available at: http://www.issrc.org/ive/
3 AWMA Journal; Air, Waste Management Association
IVE - Model Users Manual Version 2.0; 2008. Available on line at:
http://www.issrc.org/ive/downloads/manuals/UsersManual.pdf
IVE Model. Attachment A Version 1.2; 2008. Available on line at:
http://www.issrc.org/ive/downloads/manuals/AttachA_BER.pdf
Wang, H., et al., 2008. On-road vehicle emissions inventory and its
uncertainty analysis for Shanghai, China. Science Direct, Pages 6067.
Lents, J. Improving the Air Quality Management Process. Assessed on
July
12,
2011
at:
http://www.cleanairinstitute.org/download/rosario/gp4_3_01_jim_lent
s.pdf
Zhang, Y., et al., 2008. Impact of Vehicle Classification System to Emission
Inventory Development in China. Department of Environmental Science and
Engineering, Tsinghua University.