Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Vkhuorfnedodml#/Dkrrfrp: .XMD V+Dw7Ulfn
Vkhuorfnedodml#/Dkrrfrp: .XMD V+Dw7Ulfn
Vkhuorfnedodml#/Dkrrfrp: .XMD V+Dw7Ulfn
XMD
V+DW7ULFN
%\%DODML1DUDVLPKDQ
VKHUORFNEDODML#\DKRRFRP
-XO\
,WLVHDV\WREHZLVHDIWHUWKHHYHQW³6KHUORFN+ROPHV7KH$GYHQWXUHRI
7KRU%ULGJH
.XMDDWWDLQVWKHSRLQWRIGHHSHVWIDOO3DUDPD1HHFKDWYDLQWKHWKGHJUHHRI
.DWDNDZKLFKFRUUHVSRQGVWRWKHWK3DGDRI$VOHVKD
2Q-XO.XMDHQWHUHG$VOHVKD
2QWKHWKWKHPDLGHQIOLJKWRI$JQL,,,,QGLD
VPRVWSRZHUIXODQGDGYDQFHG
ORQJUDQJHEDOOLVWLFPLVVLOHIDLOHG
2QWKHWKWKHODXQFKRIWKHJHRV\QFKURQRXVVDWHOOLWHODXQFKYHKLFOH*6/9
)HQGHGLQIDLOXUH
2QWKHWKVHYHQVHULDOEODVWVULSSHGWKURXJK0XPEDL
VVXEXUEDQUDLOZD\
QHWZRUNDWSHDNKRXUOHDYLQJDWOHDVWGHDGDQGLQMXUHG
2QWKHWKIRUWXQDWHO\QRWKLQJKDSSHQHG
2QWKHWK.XMDHQWHUHG0DJKD1DNVKDWUDLQ6LPKD5DVL
&DQZHEODPHDOOWKHVHWKUHHGLVDVWHUVRQ.XMD"<HVZHFDQ³EXWQRWRQ.XMD
DORQH$OOWKH1DYD*UDKDVFROOHFWLYHO\LQGLFDWHFRQWUROWKHIDWHRIQDWLRQVDQG
SHRSOHDQGORRNLQJDWMXVWRQHJUDKDLVP\RSLFWRVD\WKHOHDVW6WLOOLWZRXOGEH
LQWHUHVWLQJWRVHHWKHUROHWKDW.XMDSOD\HG³DIWHUDOOLWLVKLVKDWWULFN$OVRLV
LWQRWVXUSULVLQJWKDWDOOWKHVHWKUHHWKLQJVKDSSHQHGZKHQKHZDVLQWKH
1DNVKDWUD3DGDRIKLVPD[LPXPIDOO"
/HWXVWKHUHIRUHWDNHDTXLFNORRNDWWKHFKDUWVRIWKHVHWKUHHGLVDVWHUVXVLQJ
GDWDSURYLGHGE\KLQGXFRPDVLWHRZQHGE\RQHRI,QGLD
VPRVWUHVSHFWHG
QHZVSDSHUV&RQWHQWTXRWHGIURPWKLVVLWHLQFLGHQWDOO\DSSHDUVLQEOXH
1
-XO$0 %DODVRUH QH
,
PDIUDLGWKDWDOOWKHTXHHQ
VKRUVHVDQGDOOWKHTXHHQ
VPHQFDQQRWDYDLOLQ
WKLVPDWWHU³6KHUORFN+ROPHV7KH$GYHQWXUHRIWKH%UXFH3DUWLQJWRQ3ODQV
0RQGD\-XO
$JQL,,,IOLJKWXQVXFFHVVIXO
+<'(5$%$'7KHPDLGHQIOLJKWRI$JQL,,,,QGLD
VPRVWSRZHUIXODQG
DGYDQFHGORQJUDQJHEDOOLVWLFPLVVLOHIURP:KHHOHU,VODQGRIIWKH2ULVVDFRDVW
RQ6XQGD\ZDVXQVXFFHVVIXO
$OWKRXJKWKHOLIWRIIDWDPZDVVPRRWKWKHWZRVWDJHPLVVLOHFUDVKHG
LQWRWKHVHDDIWHUFOLPELQJWRDKHLJKWRINP2IILFLDOVRXUFHVDWWULEXWHGWKH
IDLOXUHRIWKHIOLJKWWRWKHQRQVHSDUDWLRQRIWKHILUVWVWDJHIURPWKHVHFRQG
VWDJH
5D
5D
6N
6N 6X
6X/ /J+DVW
J+DVW &K6
&K6X
X
6 6X3XUQ
X3XUQ .X/
.X/J
J
& &K-H\V
K-H\V
.X6D
.X6D% %X3XVK
X3XVK *X
*X
%X
%X
6 6N0ULJ
N0ULJ .H
.H
5$6,
5$6,
. .X$VOH
X$VOH
1$9$06$
1$9$06$
* *X6ZDW
X6ZDW
5D
5D
6 6D$VOH
D$VOH
6N
6N
5 5D8%KD
D8%KD
&K
& K*X
*X .H
.H. .H83KD
H83KD 6D
6D
%X
%X
/J
/J
%X6D6D>$SU6HS@
6LQFHFRRUGLQDWHVIRU:KHHOHU,VODQGZHUHQRWDYDLODEOHWKHFRRUGLQDWHVIRU
%DODVRUHZKLFKLVDURXQGNPIURP:KHHOHU,VODQGZHUHXVHG,QWKLVFKDUW
.XMDDIIOLFWV0'$'DQG3'QDWKDV$OVR.XMDDIIOLFWVWKHORUGRIWKHWK
*XUXZKLFKLVLPSRUWDQWEHFDXVHWKHWKUXOHVWKHHQGRIXQGHUWDNLQJVWKHUHE\
LQGLFDWLQJVXFFHVVRUIDLOXUH$GGLWLRQDOO\.XMDDQGKLVGLVSRVLWRU&KDQGUDDUH
ERWKQHHFKD
2
-XO30 6ULKDULNRWD QH
)RURQFH\RXKDYHIDOOHQORZ/HWXVVHHLQWKHIXWXUHKRZKLJK\RXFDQULVH³
6KHUORFN+ROPHV7KH$GYHQWXUHRIWKH7KUHH6WXGHQWV
7XHVGD\-XO
*6/9FUDVKHVLQWR%D\RI%HQJDO
65,+$5,.27$$QGKUD3UDGHVK7KHODXQFKRIWKHJHRV\QFKURQRXVVDWHOOLWH
ODXQFKYHKLFOH*6/9)HQGHGLQIDLOXUHZKHQLWFUDVKHGLQWRWKH%D\RI
%HQJDODERXWVHFRQGVDIWHUWDNHRIIDWSPRQ0RQGD\
7KH5DQJH6DIHW\2IILFHUDWWKH6DWLVK'KDZDQ6SDFH&HQWHUKHUHSUHVVHGWKH
GHVWUXFWEXWWRQWRSUHYHQWGHEULVIURPIDOOLQJRQODQGDQGLQMXULQJSHRSOH7KH
YHKLFOHZDVGHVWUR\HGDIWHULWVWUDMHFWRU\ZHQWEH\RQGWKHQRUPDOOLPLWV
7KH*6/9)PHWHUVKLJKDQGZHLJKLQJWRQVZDVWRKDYHSXWLQRUELW
FRPPXQLFDWLRQVDWHOOLWH,16$7&
5D
5D
6N
6N6X
6X/J0RRO
J0RRO .X
.X
6X
6X
6 6X3XUQ
X3XUQ
& &K3$VK
K3$VK
.X6D
.X6D% %X3XVK
X3XVK *X
*X
/J
/J
%X
%X
6 6N0ULJ
N0ULJ.H
.H
5$6,
5$6,
. .X$VOH
X$VOH
1$9$06$
1$9$06$
* *X6ZDW
X6ZDW
&K%X
&K%X
6 6D$VOH
D$VOH
6N5D
6N5D
5 5D8%KD
D8%KD
&K
&K
*X
*X.H
.H. .H83KD
H83KD 6D
6D
/J
/J
6N6X6D>-XO6HS@
,QWKLVFKDUW0'QDWKD6XNUDRFFXSLHV.XMD
VVWDUZKLOH3'QDWKD6DQLLV
FRQMXQFW.XMD:KLOH5DKXRFFXSLHVWKHWKKRXVHRIHQGRIXQGHUWDNLQJVWKLV
KRXVHORUGLVDOVRDIIOLFWHGE\.XMD,QWHUHVWLQJO\WKH/DJQDRI,QGLD
VELUWK
IDOOVLQ9ULVKDEDSXWWLQJJRFKDUD.XMDLQWKHUGKRXVHRIFRPPXQLFDWLRQV³DQG
ZKDWZDVORVWLQWKHHQGZDVDFRPPXQLFDWLRQVVDWHOOLWH
3
-XO30 0XPEDL QH
:K\GRHVIDWHSOD\VXFKWULFNVZLWKSRRUKHOSOHVVZRUPV"³6KHUORFN+ROPHV
7KH%RVFRPEH9DOOH\0\VWHU\
:HGQHVGD\-XO
7HUURUVWULNHV0XPEDLRYHUNLOOHG
080%$,6HYHQVHULDOEODVWVULSSHGWKURXJK0XPEDL
VVXEXUEDQUDLOZD\
QHWZRUNDWSHDNKRXURQ7XHVGD\HYHQLQJOHDYLQJDWOHDVWGHDGDQG
LQMXUHG$VFDVXDOW\ILJXUHVURVHE\WKHKRXUUDLOZD\DXWKRULWLHVDQGWKHSROLFH
VWUXJJOHGWRSLHFHWRJHWKHUWKHIXOOSLFWXUHRIWKHWHUURUVWULNHWKDWKDGKLWWKH
FRXQWU\
VFRPPHUFLDOFDSLWDO
7KHEODVWVEHJDQVKRUWO\DIWHUSPZKHQD)LUVW&ODVVFRPSDUWPHQWLQD
:HVWHUQ5DLOZD\VXEXUEDQWUDLQUXQQLQJIURP&KXUFKJDWHWR%RULYDOLH[SORGHG
EHWZHHQ.KDUDQG6DQWD&UX]VWDWLRQV,QWKHQH[WPLQXWHVEODVWVZHUH
UHSRUWHGIURPQHDU0DWXQJD5RDGVWDWLRQ0DKLP%DQGUD%RULYDOL-RJHVKZDUL
DQG0LUD5RDG
5D
5D
6N
6N 6X
6X/ /J0RRO
J0RRO .X
.X
6X
6X
6 6X3XUQ
X3XUQ
& &K8$VK
K8$VK
.X6D
.X6D% %X3XVK
X3XVK *X
*X
/J
/J
%X
%X
6 6N0ULJ
N0ULJ .H
.H
5$6,
5$6,
. .X$VOH
X$VOH
1$9$06$
1$9$06$
&K
&K
* *X6ZDW
X6ZDW &K
&K
5D
5D
6 6D$VOH
D$VOH
%X
%X
5 5D8%KD
D8%KD
/J
/J
*X
*X .H
.H. .H83KD
H83KD 6D
6D
6N
6N
6X5D6N>-XQ$XJ@
3'QDWKD6XNUDLV1HHFKDLQWKH1DYDPVDDQGDVSHFWHGE\.XMDLQWKLVFKDUW
6XNUDDOVRRFFXSLHV.XMD
VVWDU5HODWLRQVKLSVEHWZHHQ.XMDDQG6XNUDOHDGWR
YLROHQWSDVVLRQV³HVSHFLDOO\RIDVH[XDOQDWXUH³LQWKHFKDUWVRILQGLYLGXDOV,Q
WKHFRQWH[WRIWKHFKDUWRIWKHQDWLRQLWKDVOHGWRDWHUURULVWDWWDFNEHFDXVH
WHUURULVWVDUHERWKYLROHQWDQGSDVVLRQDWHLQWKHFDXVHVWKH\EHOLHYHLQ
4
&ORVLQJ7KRXJKWV
(GXFDWLRQQHYHUHQGV:DWVRQ,WLVDVHULHVRIOHVVRQVZLWKWKHJUHDWHVWIRU
WKHODVW7KLVLVDQLQVWUXFWLYHFDVH7KHUHLVQHLWKHUPRQH\QRUFUHGLWLQLWDQG
\HWRQHZRXOGZLVKWRWLG\LWXS³6KHUORFN+ROPHV7KH$GYHQWXUHRIWKH5HG
&LUFOH
:HVKRXOGDOZD\VVHHNWKHFRPPRQSRLQWZKHQFRQVLGHULQJVXFKHYHQWV,QWKH
WKUHHFDVHVZHKDYHVWXGLHGWKXVIDUWKHIROORZLQJLVVXHVHPHUJH
• .XMDDIIHFWVWKHUXQQLQJSHULRG0'$'3'LQRQHZD\RUWKHRWKHU
• 7KHQGDQGWKHWKUXOHPRQH\DQGDOOWKHVHLQFLGHQWVKDYHEHHQFRVWO\
.XMDKDVEHHQDVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHVHWZRKRXVHVLQDOOWKUHHFDVHV
• 3UHVWLJHLVVHHQIURPVWDQGWKDQG.XMDKDVDJDLQEHHQDVVRFLDWHG
ZLWKWKHVHKRXVHV
• 7KHWKKDVDOVREHHQDIIOLFWHGLQDOOFDVHVWKXVHQVXULQJXOWLPDWH
IDLOXUH