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Huawei GSM Principles
Huawei GSM Principles
www.huawei.com
Objectives
Grasp the structure of the GSM system and the protocol used.
Page2
References
Page3
Contents
1. GSM System Overview
2. GSM Network Structure
3. Service Area and Number Planning
4. Channels on the Wireless Interface
5. Radio Techniques
6. GPRS & EDGE Introduction
Page4
Contents
1. GSM System Overview
2. GSM Network Structure
3. Service Area and Number Planning
4. Channels on the Wireless Interface
5. Radio Techniques
6. GPRS & EDGE Introduction
Page5
Uplink and downlink signals for one user are assigned different
frequencies, this kind of technique is called Frequency Division Duplex
(FDD)
Page6
GSM Development
1989
1991
1992
1994
1996
Page7
Cell Technique
Macro Cell
Micro Cell
Later the Low-Power BTS joins the system for getting a better service area
with high capacity . At the same time it adopts the frequency reuse
technique to improve the efficiency of the frequency utilization and also
the whole capacity of the network.
Page8
Page9
FDMA
Frequency
Time
control information.
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page10
TDMA
Frequency
Time
Page11
CDMA
Frequency
Time
Page12
Uplink
890
Downlink
915
935
Duplex Separation:
Channel Bandwidth:
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
960MHz
45MHz
200KHz
Page13
1710
1785 1805
Duplex Separation:
Channel Bandwidth:
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
1880MHz
95MHz
200KHz
Page14
Range
(MHz)
Uplink Frequency
Frequency
Point
Available
Downlink
Frequency
GSM 450
450.4~457.
6
460.4~467.
6
Fu(n)=450.6+0.2(n259)
259<=n<=293
Fd(n)=Fu(n)+1
0
GSM 480
478.8~486
488.8~496
Fu(n)=479+0.2(n-306)
306<=n<=340
Fd(n)=Fu(n)+1
0
GSM 850
824~849
869~894
Fu(n)=824.2+0.2(n128)
128<=n<=251
Fd(n)=Fu(n)+4
5
E-GSM
900
880~915
925~960
0<=n<=124
Fu(n)=890+0.2n
975<=n<=102
Fu(n)=890+0.2(n-1024)
3
Fd(n)=Fu(n)+4
5
R-GSM
900
876~915
921~960
0<=n<=124
Fu(n)=890+0.2n
955<=n<=102
Fu(n)=890+0.2(n-1024)
3
Fd(n)=Fu(n)+4
5
1850~1910
1930~1990
Fu(n)=1850.2+0.2(n512)
Copyright
2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. 512<=n<=810
Page15
PCS 1900
Fd(n)=Fu(n)+8
0
Frequency Reuse
Page16
Frequency Reuse
7(Site)X 1(Cell) reuse
2
7
23
1
Page17
Frequency Reuse
7
11
6
2
10
4
12
Page18
Cell Types
Omni
Omni-directional Cell
1
1
120
degree
3
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page19
Contents
1. GSM System Overview
2. GSM Network Structure
3. Service Area and Number Planning
4. Channels on the Wireless Interface
5. Radio Techniques
6. GPRS & EDGE Introduction
Page20
PSTN
ISDN
GMSC
MS
HLR/AUC
BTS
PCU
SS7
BSC
SMS system
MS
BTS
Internet,
Intranet
GPRS Backbone
SGSN
GGSN
OMC
CG
BG
Other PLMN
Page21
PSTN
ISDN
GMSC
Abis
MS
BSC
A
HLR/AUC
BTS
C/D/Gs
PCU
BSC
SS7
Gb
MS Um
SMS system
Gr/Gs/Gd/Ge
Gc
BTS
GPRS backbone
SGSN
Gi
GGSN
Ga
OMC
CG
BG
Gp
Internet,
Intranet
Page22
Other PLMN
Mobile StationMS
MS=ME+SIM
(IMEI)
Mobile Equipment
International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)
Subscriber Identity Module
Page23
SIM
Identity (TMSI)
Page24
MSC
BSC
BSS
TC/SM
BSC
BTS
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page25
Packet data
MSC
switching
Bridge between
SGSN and BSC
Provide Pb and Gb
interface
BSS
TC/SM
BSC
GPRS
Backbone
PCU
BTS
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page26
SGSN
NSS
OMC
EC
MSC/VLR
MSC
HLR
VLR
EIR
AUC
EC
BSS
Page27
PSTN
Call Processing
Interface management
Billing
Page28
Page29
Page30
White List
Black List
Grey List
If NOT found
EIR focus on the
equipment , not the
subscriber!
Page31
Event/Alarm
Management
MMI
OS
DB
Fault
Management
Configuration
Management
Performance
Management
Page32
Contents
1. GSM System Overview
2. GSM Network Structure
3. Service Area and Number Planning
4. Channels on the Wireless Interface
5. Radio Techniques
6. GPRS & EDGE Introduction
Page33
Service Area
Service Area
PLMN
PLMN service
service area
area
MSC service area...
Location area...
Location area...
cell
cell
Page34
......
LAI
MCC
MNC
LAC
Page35
CGI
CGI: Cell Global Identification
Page36
BSIC
BSICBase Station Identification Color Code)
NCC
BCC
BSIC
Page37
MSISDN
CC
NDC
SN
National (significant)
Mobile number
Mobile station international
ISDN number
Page38
IMSI
Not more than 15 digits
3 digits
2 digits
MCC
MNC
MSIN
NMSI
IMSI
MCC: Mobile Country CodeIt consists of 3 digits .
For example: The MCC of China is "460"
MNC: Mobile Network CodeIt consists of 2 digits .
For example: The MNC of China Telecom is "00"
MSIN: Mobile Subscriber Identification Number. H1H2H3 S ABCDEF
For example: 666-9777001
NMSI: National Mobile Subscriber IdentificationMNC and MSIN
form it together.
For Example of IMSI : 460-00-666-9777001
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page39
TMSI
TMSI: Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identification)
Page40
IMEI
IMEI: International Mobile Station Equipment Identification
TAC
FAC
SNR
SP
IMEI
TAC: Type approval code, 6 bit, determined by the type approval center
FAC: Final assembly code, 2 bit, It is determined by the manufacturer.
SNR: Serial number, 6 bits, It is issued by the manufacturer of the MS.
SP: 1 bit , Not used.
Page41
Contents
1. GSM System Overview
2. GSM Network Structure
3. Service Area and Number Planning
4. Channels on the Wireless Interface
5. Radio Techniques
6. GPRS & EDGE Introduction
Page42
1 2
Timeslot
3 4
5 6
7 0
1 2
TDMA FRAME
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
TDMA FRAME
Page43
Page44
Speech
TCH/FS
TCH/HS
Data
TCH/9.6
TCH/2.4
TCH/4.8
Page45
SDCCH
FACCH
BCH
ACCH
BCCH
SACCH
Synch. CH.
CCCH
SCH
RACH
CBCH
PCH/AGCH
Page46
FCCH
BCH
Synch.
Channels
SCH
FCCH
Page47
CCCH
RACH
uplink
CBCH
downlink
PCH/AGCH
downlink
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page48
DCCH
SDCCH
FACCH
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page49
ACCH
SACCH
CCCH
SDCCH
SACCH
DCH
DCCH
FACCH
TCH/F
TCH/H
TCH
Page50
CCH
BCCH
SCH
BCCH
CCCH
PCH
AGCH
SDCCH
DCH
DCCH
SACCH
FACCH
TCH
TCH/F
TCH/H
Page51
FCCH
SCH
BCCH
PCH
RACH
AGCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
TCH
FACCH
Page52
SACCH
Page53
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Mode 1: PBCCH+PCCCH+PDTCH+PACCH+PTCCH;
Mode 2: PCCCH+PDTCH+PACCH+PTCCH;
Mode 3: PDTCH+PACCH+PTCCH
In case of small GPRS traffic, GPRS and circuit services use the
same BCCH and CCCH in the cell. In this case, only combination
mode 3 is needed in the cell
With the increase of traffic, the packet public channel should
be configured in the cell. Channel combination mode 1 and
mode 2 should be adopted
Page55
GSM Multi-frames
TDMA Frames
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
46 47 48 49 50
51 Frame Multi-frames
CONTROL
CHANNELS
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page56
GSM Multi-frames
TDMA Frames
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0 1 2 3 4
21 22 23 24 25
26 Frame Multi-frames
TRAFFIC
CHANNELS
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page57
Contents
1. GSM System Overview
2. GSM Network Structure
3. Service Area and Number Planning
4. Channels on the Wireless Interface
5. Radio Techniques
6. GPRS & EDGE Introduction
Page58
Power Control
Both Uplink and Downlink
power
settings
can
be
controlled independently and
individually.
5W
0.8W
8W
Page59
Battery Saving
Interference reduction
Page60
TA
Transmission delay t
Transmission delay t
Page61
Multi-path Fading
Diversity
Frequency Hopping
Time Dispersion
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page62
same time.
Page63
Kinds of Diversity
Time diversity
Coding, interleaving
Frequency diversity
Frequency hopping
Space diversity
Multiple antennas
Polarization diversity
Dual-polarized antennas
Multi-path diversity
Equalizer
Page64
Frequency Hopping
Frequency
f0
f1
f2
f3
f4
Frame
Time
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page65
Contents
1. GSM System Overview
2. GSM Network Structure
3. Service Area and Number Planning
4. Channels on the Wireless Interface
5. Radio Techniques
6. GPRS & EDGE Introduction
Page66
2G
57.6 kbps
9.6 kbps
2 Mbps
384 kbps
IMT-2000
EDGE
GPRS
HSCSD
GSM
Page67
59.2
60.0
54.4
GPRS
EGPRS
50.0
40.0
44.8
29.6
30.0
22.4
21.4
20.0
13.4
10.0
17.6
15.6
14.8
9.0
8.8
11.2
0.0
CS-1
CS-2
CS-3
CS-4
GMSK
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
8PSK
Page68
Page69
Summary
Evolution of GSM
Page70
Thank you
www.huawei.com