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Group

Solubility Parameters
Solubility parameters are one of the fundamental theoretical elements supporting solvent cleaning technology.
Chapter 2 of this book is devoted to their denition and
Chapter 3 is dedicated to their use.
This set of appendices contains materials supporting
the use of solubility parameters. The rst four explain
how to determine values of solubility parameters from
measured data regarding solvents or polymers (or
soils).


Appendices C1 and C2 describe the optimization

methodology, and Appendix C2 provides a specic
example of how Dr. Charles Hansen initially evaluated
solubility parameters from binary data (GO/NO GO)
about solvency. This computerized optimization
method makes easily obtained and consistent results
possible.
Appendix C3 describes the use of the same
optimization method with multilevel solubility data.
This data is richer in information because the
separation between solubility and insolubility is
divided into more than one gradation (level).
The reader can decide whether the effort of
discriminating among solubility conditions was
worthwhile.
Appendix C4 describes the use of the same
optimization method with solutions of various
solvents selected to dissolve two photoresist
materials. The solution components were selected
using known values of the HSP of single solvents
which had successfully cleaned the photoresists, the
blend rule as Equation A2-7, and the technology of
solvent substitution as described in Appendix D1.
A postmortem analysis was conducted to learn if
the results represented steady-state equilibrium, and
would provide a useful basis for scale up, and
global optima are compared to local optima as
outcomes.

The next ve appendices describe various methods by

which values of solubility parameters can be computedd
without any measurements of solubility.


Appendix C5 describes the use of correlations to

calculate HSP. Only the disperse and polar solubility
parameters can be determined in this way.
Appendix C6 describes the use of the Pythagorean
Theorem. This was originally used by Dr. Hansen to
estimate the hydrogen bonding solubility parameter.
Appendix C7 describes the use of an equation of state.
This is the most complicated approach but it generally
yields excellent results compared to solubility
parameters determined in solubility tests.
Appendix C8 describes an approach which holds
promise for new solvents. It shows how one can
reliably estimate HSP given only molecular structures.
No solubility data are needed. Three different
published approaches for use of group contribution
methods are described and compared.
Appendix C9 is the place where the rst, best known,
and most successful system using group contribution
parameters is demonstrated. It was developed by
Kenneth Hoy to allow his rm to characterize polymers
before they had been synthesized.

All of the above are supported in two additional

appendices:


One can use the HSP technology of Appendix C10

(optimization) with a broad-based selection of trial
solvents to determine the effective values of solubility
parameters for any soil mixture.
Numeric values of HSP for commonly used cleaning
solvents, soil materials, and polymers are tabulated in
Appendix C11.

Finally, the analysis of solubility parameters would not be

complete without describing the contribution of Jean Teas:
Developing a simple two-dimensional representation of
three solubility parameters, as discussed in Appendix C12.

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