26/11/2015

ComparativeManagementModels

MANAGEMENT

ComparativeManagementModels
byraselNovember18,20130Comments
8

ComparativeManagementmodelsdevelopedbyscholarsand
authoritiesinthisfieldarediscussedbelow:

FarmerandRichmanComparativeManagement
models
ProfessorsRichardN.FarmerandBarryM.Richmanwerethetwo
pioneers in comparative management. They emphasized that
environmentsexternaltothefirmdoaffectmanagementpractices.
Theyverythefirsttoidentifythecriticalelementsinthemanagementprocessandtoevaluatetheiroperation
in firms in different cultures. They also described the environmental factors they considered to have a
significant impact on the management process and managerial excellence. These factors, viewed as
constraints,areclassifiedas:
1. educationalvariables
2. socioculturalandethicalvariables
3. legalandpoliticalvariables
4. economicvariables
How these environmental factors abbreviated as Ed. Sc, Lp and Ec in table may influence the managerial
functionsabbreviatedasp1,Or,St.Le,CoandenterprisefunctionsabbreviatedasEn,Pr.Ma.Fi.
It thus appears that enterprises may. For a time, succeed entirely through nonmanagerial factors but
excellenceinmanagementwillultimatelymakethedifferencebetweencontinuedsuccessanddecline.

ModifiedKoontzModelforAnalyzingcomparativeManagement
Thismodelencompassestwobroadcategoriesofenterpriseactivitiesmanagerialandnonmanagerial.Either
or both can be the casual factors at least to some degree for enterprise excellence. Also, nonmanagerial
activateswillbeaffectedbytherelevantunderlyingscienceorknowledge,justasmanagerialactivitieswillbe
affectedbytherelevantunderlyingscience.
Both types of activities will be affected by the availability of human and material resources and by the
constraints and influences of the external environment, whether these are educational, political and legal,
economic,technological,socioculturalorethical.
Koontzhasshownthefactorsaffectingenterpriseexcellenceandtheroleoftheunderlyingsciencethrougha
modelwhichappearsbelow.

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Koontz model is more complex than the ones used by previous researchers in the field of comparative
management.Itis,however,believedtobefarmoreaccurateandrealistic.Thismodel,ratherthanviewing
factors in the environment simply as constraint a term that has negative commutation considers them as
environmentalfactors,betheyeitherconstraintsoropportunities.
Forexample,intheeconomiccategoryoffactorendowments,acountrymaybeshortonnaturalresources
butrichincapital.Likewise,somelawsofcountrymayberestrictiveforconductingbusiness,butothersmay
befavorable.Thusenvironmentalrestraintscouldbecomeopportunitiesincertainsituations.
In fact managers need to adopt a global perspective in leading their enterprises. This requires an
understanding of managerial practices in various countries. The Koontz model of comparative management
helpsidentifythefactorsthatcontributetomanagerialandorganizationalexcellence.
RelatedContentofComparativeManagement:
ComparativeManagementModels
ImportanceofComparativeManagement
NatureofComparativeManagement
DefinitionofComparativeManagement

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5EssentialImportanceofComparativeManagement

GradualEvolutionoftheManagementSysteminJapan

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