IX

, 2008.


1..........................................................................3
2. ..................................................4
3. ................................................5
4. ......................................6
5................................................................8
6....................................................................9
7.................................................................11
8..............................................................12

1.
. -
. .,
. .
.

2.
3

()

()

()

3.
,
, 1390.,
. ,
.
.

4.
.
.
, , ,
.
,
, , .
,
. ,
,, .
.
. , .

, ,
. .
(,,
, ),
.
, , .
, ,
, ,
, .
.

 ,
1869. 1882. .
,
, , ,
,
.
. ,
. 1869.
1870.
, ()
, () , () ()
. ,
.

5.

. .
.
.
1921. .
: ,, . , ,
,, , .
, .
1951. . ,
, 1975.
, . , .
.
, ,,
.

6.

,. .
(20. ),
.
,
.
.
. ,
.
, ,
.
, .
,,,,
, .
. , , .
.
, .
,
.


, ,
- ,
- .
, .

10

7.

,
.
.

11

8.

1..
2.
3.

12

13

14

15