GENERAL IMPEDANCE TRANSFORMATION EQUATION

V
The reflection coefficient is a function of position along the TL. Since we
V
1
have Z Z 0
.
1

Z is also a function of position along the line.

1
1 Le2 z '
e z ' Le z '
Z Z0
Z0
Z0 z '
1
1 Le2 z
e L e z
L

Z L Z0
Z L Z0

Z L Z 0 z
e
Z L e z ' e z ' Z 0 e z ' e z '
Z L Z0
Z Z0
Z0
Z L Z 0 z
z'
Z L e z ' e z ' Z 0 e z ' e z '
e
e
Z L Z0
e z '

Z Z0

Z L Z 0 tanh( z ')
Z 0 Z L tanh( z ')

Y Y0

YL Y0 tanh( z ')
Y0 YL tanh( z ')

The input impedance (admitance) of a line (terminated in

obtained by putting
Zin Z 0

Yin Y0

z' .

Z L Z 0 tanh( )
Z 0 Z L tanh( )

YL Y0 tanh( )
Y0 YL tanh( )

Z L ) of length

is

For a Lossless Line:

0, z ' j z '
tanh( z ') tanh( j z ') j tan( z ') and
Z Z0
Y Y0

Z L jZ 0 tan( z ')
Z 0 jZ L tan( z ')

YL jY0 tan( z ')

Y0 jYL tan( z ')

Some Special Impedance Transformations on a lossless TL:

For a lossless TL:

Z Z0

Z L jZ 0 tan( z ')
Z 0 jZ L tan( z ')

1) Half-Wavelength Line
If

, n positive integer.

.n

n tan tan n 0 ,

Zin Z L . This result can be generalized to any two points that are separated

by a multiple of a half- wavelength. Since tan( z ' n ) tan z ' ( tan

function is periodic with ) Z repears every half-wavelength along a
lossless TL.

2) The Quarter Wavelength Line

If (2n 1)

, n=positive integer, then

tan .

(2n 1).

(2n 1)

Z 02
1
So, Zin
or Zin
ZL
ZL

Quarter wavelength lossless TL it is often refered as quarter wave

transformer.

and

i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)

A large value of load impedance a small value of input impedance.

A small value of load impedance a large value of input impedance.
Inductive load capacitive input
Capacitive load inductive input
Series resonant circuit Z L circuit Z L parallel resonat circuit Z in
For Z L real, a quarter-wavelength long TL has all the properties of an
ideal transformer.
The quarter-wave transformer is useful in matching a resistive load
to a generator (necessary to deliver all the available generator power
to the load).
If Z G is real, then we must have Zin ZG , or

Z 02
ZG Z 0 ZG RL
RL

Since the line can only be quarter-wavelength long at one freguency,

the transformer is frequency sensitive.

3) The Short-Circuited Line

Z L 0, Zin jX in jZ0 tan or Zin j tan jX in

), Zin is inductive.
For
2
4

4) The open Circuited Line

Z L , Zin jZ0 cot

Yin j tan

), Zin is capactive.
For
2
4

IMPEDANCE TRANSFORMATIONS ON A LOSSLESS LINE

For
0,

Z Z0

Z L Z 0 tanh z '
Z 0 Z L tanh z '

Now consider,
i)

The Short Circuited Line

Z L 0 Z Z0 tanh z ' Z0 tanh z ' j z '

The input impedance of a line of length

Zin tanh j

Z0

tanh j tan
1 j tanh tan

[If 0, n n , Zin 0 , short circuit repeats itself at every

/ 2 .]

1) If n , Zin Z0 tanh Z0 0.5 Np

2

2) If (2n 1) , tan Zin

4

Z0
Z
0
tanh

Z in is finite and real.

ii)

The Open Circuited Line

Z L , YL 0 .
With z ' ,

Yin Y0

YL Y0 tanh( )
Y0 YL tanh( )

Yin Y0 tanh( j )

1) If n , Yin Y0 tanh Y0

2) If (2n 1) , Yin
2

Z0

Y0
Y
1
0
tanh
Z0