POETRY

I celebrate myself, and sing myself,

And what I assume you shall assume,
For every atom belonging to me as good
belongs to you.
I loafe and invite my soul,
I lean and loafe at my ease observing a spear
of summer grass.
My tongue, every atom of my blood, formd
from this soil, this air,
Born here of parents born here from parents
the same, and their parents the same,

I, now thirty-seven years old in perfect health

begin,
Hoping to cease not till death.
Creeds and schools in abeyance,
Retiring back a while sufficed at what they
are, but never forgotten,
I harbor for good or bad, I permit to speak at
every hazard,
Nature without check with original energy.
Walt Whitman

PRESENTAT
ION

This
is
the
temperature.

entropy

curve

against

BOILER

Boiler is a container into which water can be

fed and steam can be taken out at desired
pressure, temperature and flow

ULTRA MEGA POWER

PROJECTS
These projects will meet the
power needs of a number of
States/ distribution companies
located in these States, and are
being developed on a Build, Own,
and Operate (BOO) basis
Flexibility in unit size subject to
adoption of specified minimum
Supercritical parameters
Integrated power project with
dedicated captive coal blocks
for pithead projects
Coastal projects to use imported
coal

JAM: JUST A MINUTE

BIGGEST PROBLEM OF INDIA:
POPULATION
Overpopulation in India is causing even more problems.
An increasing population living on the same land will
quickly use up the limited resources the country has.
Medical conditions are getting worse and diseases are
spreading faster. More and more Indians are living below
the poverty line.
People with different cultures and languages have been
living together in India for thousands of years. While
there are hundreds of different languages on the
subcontinent the official language is Hindi, while most
people speak English too. About 80% of the Indian
population is Hindu. Muslims are the biggest
minority.Today India is the home to over 1 billion people.
By 2050 it will surpass China as the most populous
country in the world. Experts think that India will reach a
total of 1.8 billion before population growth begins to
decrease. In contrast to Chinas one-child policy, family
planning in India has not been consistent. In the 1970s
and 80s the government tried to control population
growth by forcing people to have sterilizations. Today,

however, there are signs that population growth is

slowing down. Contraception is becoming widely
available in many areas and especially Indian women in
rural areas are being more educated.
More than 70% of Indian people live in the countryside, in
smaller villages and towns. As the rural population is
becoming poorer more and more people are moving to
the big cities where they live in overcrowded slums with
no electricity or clean water. As a result, cities like
Mumbai, Calcutta and New Delhi are exploding with
people they have no jobs for.Therefore this problem
should be tackled as soon as possible.

LISTENING SKILLS
Conversation:
Rahul: Hi Rima, I saw you at registration yesterday. I sailed right
through, but you were standing in a long line.
Rima: Yeah, I waited an hour to sign up for a distance learning
course.
Rahul: Distance learning? Never heard of it.
Rima: Well, it is new this semester-it is only open to psychology.
All I have got to do is watch a twelve-week series of televised
lessons. The department shows them several different times a
day and in several different locations.
Rahul: Do you not ever have to meet your professor?
Rima: Yeah, after each part of the series l have to talk to her and
the other students on the phone, you know, about our ideas. Then
we will meet on campus three times for reviews and exams.

Rahul: It sounds pretty non-traditional to me, but l guess it

makes sense, considering how many students have jobs. It must
really help with their schedules-not to mention how it will cut
down on traffic.
Rima: You know, last year my department did a survey and they
found out that 80 per cent of all psychology majors were
employed. That is why they came up with the programme. Look, I
will be working three days a week next semester, and it was
either cut back on my classes or try this out.
Rahul: The only thing is ...does not it seem impersonal, though? I
mean, I would miss having class discussions and hearing what
other people think.
Rima: Well, guess that is why phone contact is important
Anyway, it is an experiment. Maybe l will end up hating it.
Rahul: Maybe, but ...I will be curious to see how it works out.
Q.1 What are the names of the man and the woman?
A. Rahul and Rima
Q.2 Where did the man see the woman the previous day?
A. at Registration office
Q.3 How long did the woman wait for her turn?
A. 1 hour
Q.4 For which subject was distance learning course open?
A. Psychology
Q.5 How is it different from traditional courses?
A. It is a distance learning course and she has to watch
televised lessons.

Q.6 How many weeks of televised lessons are there in the

course?
A. 12 Weeks
Q.7 Do the learners ever meet their professors?
A. There is campus met 3 times.
Q.8 What are the two advantages of the distance learning
course?
A. i) It cuts down on traffic.
ii) Can be done during job.
Q.9 Why did the woman decided to enroll in the distance
learning course?
A. She has to work 3 times a week.
Q.10 What is the disadvantage of distance
learning,according to man?
A. It seems impersonal.

SPEECH
Speech of Prime Minister Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee
at the High
Level Segment of the Eighth Session of Conference
of the Parties
to the UN Framework Convention on Climate
Change.This is an excerpt from that.
India is privileged to host the Eighth Conference of the Parties to the
UN

Framework Convention on Climate Change. I welcome our foreign

guests to this land of rich cultural and natural heritage.
Climate Change has emerged as one of the most serious
environmental concerns of our times. It is a global phenomenon with
diverse local impacts. In 1992, we adopted the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change.The Convention has
provided us with a sound basis for global cooperation. It reflects the
consensus that addressing the challenge of climate change is an
integral part of the need to achieve sustainable development to create
a better world for all our peoples -- a world free of hunger, poverty and
disease. At the Millennium Summit of the UN, we adopted a plan of
implementation that set the goal of reducing global poverty by half by
2015.The world has understood the imperative of diversifying energy
supply, substantially increasing the share of renewable energy in the
total energy mix.
While our economy has been among the fastest growing in the world in
the last two decades, the major part of this growth is due to the service
sectors, including information technology, bio-technology, and media
and entertainment.
Friends, Indias 5000-year-old culture enjoins us to look at the whole
world and all that it sustains living and non-living -- as a family,
coexisting in a
symbiotic manner. I do hope that this essential principle of sustainable
development would inform the deliberations of this conference and
help all the Parties, which have assembled here, to make progress in
responding to this challenge.
I wish you well in your deliberations.

GROUP DISCUSSION
TOPIC: UNETHICAL PRACTICES OF
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM

Indias education system is mired in

corruption and a high rate of teacher
absenteeism. Teacher absenteeism does not
just affect quality of education; it is also a
huge drain on resources resulting in the
wastage of education funds in India the study
said. Politics in teacher appointments and
transfers is a major reason for teacher
absenteeism. The
study
identifies
the
absence of well-established criteria for
teacher recruitment a uniform policy on
promotion, remuneration and deployment as
some of the main reasons identified for
teacher absenteeism.
Teachers also believe highly in private
tutoring a practice identified by UNESCO as
unethical. It does not complement learning at
school and leads to corruption the report
said. The practice of ghost teachers and
involvement of teachers in mismanagement
of schools were other gray areas identified in
the Indian education system.
Another indictment of the sorry state of
Indian education was the view held by
students that cheating in examinations is
their traditional right. In India universities

cheating is now well-established. Recently in

bihar over 1000 were arrested when relatives
and friends were found scaling the walls of
exam centers to pass notes through
windows.
The fees for manipulating entrance tests
ranges between Rs. 5000 to Rs. 15 lakh for
popular programmes such as computer
science, medicine and engineering .The
biggest example of all this is vyapam scam.
The Vyapam scam is an admission &
recruitment scam involving politicians, senior
officials and businessmen in the Indian state
of Madhya Pradesh.Vyapam" (Vyavsayik
Pariksha Mandal), is a self-financed and
autonomous body incorporated by the State
government
responsible
for
conducting
several entrance tests in the state. These
entrance exams are held for recruitment in
government
jobs
and
admissions
in
educational institutes of the state. The scam
involved
a
collusion
of
undeserving
candidates, who bribed politicians and
officials through middlemen, to get high
ranks in these entrance.

Now it is difficult for our government to

provide quality infra for schools and colleges
so they should focus on distance learning so
that it even help remote areas. More
government medical colleges needed and
menace of donation should also be cracked
down in private institutes. The recruitment of
teachers Should stricly be on merit basis and
weightage of written exams for recruitment
should be more than interviews to check
nepotism.