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Are There More Than Two Syndromes in Schizophrenia?: A Critique of The Positiveâ "Negative Dichotomy
Are There More Than Two Syndromes in Schizophrenia?: A Critique of The Positiveâ "Negative Dichotomy
336
PERALTA
ET AL
Table 1
Sociodemographic
and clinicalcharacteristicsof the sample
Variable
Mean (s.d.)
Sociodemographic
Age
Education:years
Sex
Range
Median
No. (%)
35.7
(12.3)1676349.0
(3.7)8-18810.2
male
79 (69)
36 (31)
female
Marital status
single
married
divorced
widowed
Social class
98 (85)
8 (7)
7 (6)
2 (2)
I, II, Ill
IV, V
54 (47)
61(53)
Clinical
Illness duration
Onset age: years
(8.2)0-46825.3
(8.4)13-61224.7
No.of admissions
Monthsof prioradmissions
GAFforlastyear
GAF atadmission
Chiorpromazineequivalents
Biperidone:
mg/day
NI treatment:years
Schizophreniatype DSM-lll-R
paranoid
undifferentiated
disorganised
residual
catatonic
Andreasensymptoms
positive
mixed
negative
Most frequentoral NL
haloperidol
clozapine
(4.5)1-27312.7
(42.2)0-384449.5
(13.0)18-855028.7
(7.9)1555301282
(987)100720010503.2
(2.2)0-844.2
(3.3)0274
63 (55)
19 (17)
19 (16)
8 (7)
6 (5)
33 (29)
61(53)
21(18)
78 (68)
10 (9)
tioproperazine
Long-acting
NI
fluphenazine
50 (43)
12 (10)
71(62)
32 (28)
6 (5)
NI neuroleptics.
Chlorpromazine
equivalents:
maximum
dosage
duringhospital
admission.
correlation
coefficient);
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which
induces
analysis
whose
rotation.
Only those
factors
Cronbach's alpha.
attentional
almost
completely
by this
sub
scale (0.96).
P<0.01),
poverty
of content
(0.26,
P<0.0l),
in the disorganisation
factor
(0.20).
Poverty
of
impairment
and inappropriate
was
consistency
Results
factor
339
(0.42, P<0.001);
positive
formal
Discussion
340
PERALTA
should
be taken
into
account.
Liddle
ET AL
impairment
scales also
with
flattening
of affect
(Craig
et a!,
341
HOW MANYSCHIZOPHRENIASYNDROMES?
syndrome;
rather,
our
results,
like
Andreasen's,
by the low
et a! (1990).
in tests of concentration,
immediate
and
having
mixed
types
suggests
that
these
342
PERALTA
by brain
ET AL
Pennsylvania, Eastern Pennsylvania Psychiatric Institute,
Philadelphia, USA, for their critiques and suggestions.
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Victor Peralta, MD; Manuel J. Cuesta, MD, Psychiatric Unit of the Virgen
del CaminoHospital,
Pamplona, Spain; 5Jose de Leon, MD, Medical College of Pennsylvania/EPPI, 2300 Henry Avenue,
Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
aCorvespondence
References
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Published by The Royal College of Psychiatrists