General Sir Arthur Cotton R E His Life and Work Lady Hope 1000598480

GENERAL
SIR
ARTHUR
R.E.
K.C.S.I
LIFE
HIS
^BY
COTTON
AND
HIS
WORK
DAUGHTER
LADY
|H^0
WITH
SOME
PREVENTION
FAMINE
STUDIES
BY
WILLIAM
PORTRAITS
Hit
**wer"
CLE
DIGBY
AND
MAPS
mf"erial
and
works
ILLUSTRATIONS
wortiy
kings**
LONDON
HODDER
27
STOUGHTON
AND
PATERNOSTER
MCM
ROW
"
Milton
Builtr
Tmnmr
Tkt
Stiwood
PHntmi
Warkt
Frmmt
mmd
Lomd^n
TO
BELOVED
MY
WHOSE
MOTHER
INTEREST
AND
THROUGH
CHEERED
LONG
AND
LIFE
SUPPORTED
FATHER
MY
IN
SYMPATHY
ARDUOUS
HIS
FOR
TASKS
BENEFIT
THE
OF
HUMANITY
THIS
LIFE
RECORD
OF
AND
WORK
IS
DEDICATED
M881888
HIS
Preface
placing
before
life
his
and
deliverance
its
as
accomplish
So
the
his
were
general
irrigation
time
his
and
rolled
wishes
and
to
me
the
either
the
and
various
make
of
its
in
to
further
vast
spirit
his
to
of
his
neglected,
that
felt
it
often
him,
he
as
dearest
his
upon
in
his
own
together
gather
which
to
out
when
made,
benefit
the
more
incumbent
would
so
left, and
had
the
and
of
India,
so
beloved,
needs.
always
the
fulfilment
documents
for
carried
to
that
far
grief
so
inculcated
had
wish
undertaken
them
thus
duty
slightest
desire
of
had
be
the
was
or
way,
and
papers
use
supplying
A
pathetic
only
am
duty
for
should
closed,
he
well
question,
schemes
his
postponed,
request
its
as
that
burning
absolute
had
in
bounden
my
ever
country
the
life
earnest
touching
the
that
on,
obey
this
heart-breaking
so
was
long
of
India,
ability.
that
desires
Father,
Famine,
felt
was
my
lay
of
of
have
it
of
best
heart
fervent
full,
which
task
to
near
my
of
benefit
effects
prosperity,
a
Memoir
the
for
disastrous
the
increased
undertaking
the
work
from
the
readers
my
by
been
of
one
law
loyal
ideals.
highest
vu
to
me,
obedience,
could
and
whose
only
a
be
true
PREFACE
viii
father
My
empire
lover
spread
of
lies
in
we,
of
With
felt
regard
that
canal
then
down
lay
All
these
points
calculations
by
revenue
the
statements
the
famine
of
as
serious
this
possessions.
of
the
of
railway
motion.
loco-
the
country,
and
in
have
the
value
throw
to
of
of
compare
we
into
the
of
all, is infinitely
or
ful
Care-
increase
consideration
gigantic
which
public.
when
we
book
the
the
regards
loss
subject,
from
one
universal
My
us
of
possibility
the
effecting
man
is
it commands
to
navigating
British
; and
and
revenue,
and
storage
and
into
the
as
after
from
saved
tank
enrich
always
loss
precious
more
funds
spent
on
works.
irrigation
that
the
monetary
entered
means
profit
life,which,
any
So
of
as
advisable."
as
before
simple
balance
human
than
these
such
he
be
questions
"
given
are
by
say,
lines
place
to
ocean
all
to
fully
are
might
irrigating
would
railway
ventured
I have
both
thus
First," he
water
the
into
intellectuality,
interests,
temporal
behind
often
know.
scarcely
can
her
and
darkness,
and
the
for
privileges
too
an
was
longed
surface
or
misery
of
preliminary
''
of
quantities
vast
as
beauty,
India's
to
distribution,
country
hidden
where,
country,
wastefuUy
rushing
lands
depth
favoured
our
her
he
as
zealously
more
civilisation,
natural
hidden
maker,
empire
an
ever
one
distant
over
curtain
there
no
England's
blessings
the
truly
was
so
definite
idea";
used
but
to
was
evils, and
dire
throughout
it
phases,
diligent enquiry
these
sometimes
though
various
its
and
lessening
improvement
father
in
vast
Indian
our
"
say,
true
"
that
am
the
PREFACE
of
question
his
of
one
others,
other
"
strong
of
at
the
in
and
be
to
to
applied.
down,
look
from
his
into
of
point
before
freshly placed
now
own.
he
is laid
pen
themselves
them
information
his
seemed
nature
his
may
they
and
be
to
were
and
study
though
as
of
considerations
practical
remedies
own
needs
sympathy
great
readers
my
of
light
his
the
them
felt
silenced,
are
that
he
these
these
questions,
great
view,
lips
ask
fervently
these
and
how
his
of
study
sheer
with
his
on
of
him
kind,
man-
ever-widening
carried
weight
fact, through
of
nation,
own
its
He
interests,
benefit
our
affecting
responsibility,
once
that
Now
in
remedies,
him
of
and
the
do,
sorrows
ceaseless
discovered
the
world.
men
sense
his
show
the
men's
own
towards
dependencies,
few
as
his
In
of
other
of
of
feature
leading
number
prosperity
throughout
shoulders,
were
tending
the
was
vast
increased
multitude
interests
had
them
the
and
its
irrigation
life, he
public
every
Indian
ix
them.
With
regard
in
the
Digby,
he
of
has
irrigation
the
CLE.,
of
arrangement
of
in
its
book,
help
given
ardour
its
chapters,
of
support
and
India,
the
the
devoted
some
collected
in
of
writing
gratefully
very
William
the
to
this
consequent
have
to
to
by
me
he
has
great
Mr.
shown
the
and
knowledge
ac-
mation
infor-
question
of
prevention
famine.
I also
me
on
to
The
thank
Mr.
quotations
use
Engineering
photographs
of
both
Walch
from
Works
its
for
kindness
his
of
some
of
scenery
the
the
and
pages
Godavari
in
permitting
of
his
Delta^
book,
with
irrigation systems.
PREFACE
and
indebted
am
regarding
in
To
me,
labours
grateful
and
irrigation
friends
other
have
and
in
and
which
have
in
helped
lasting
with
particulars
latest
incorporated
been
map.
shown
various
this
for
have
navigation
who
connection
Office
India
canals
irrigation
the
the
to
their
to
ways
volume,
with
sympathy
forward
here
tender
thanks.
E.
R.
HOPE.
my
my
of
Table
Contents
"AGB
Preface
An
vii
Appreciation
of
Sir
Arthur
Cotton
CHAPTER
Family
History
Notable
Band
of
Brothers
"
Early
"
Days
and
Characteristics
CHAPTER
Young
Manhood"
The
II
Beginnings
of
Great
Issues
14
...
CHAPTER
Arthur
Cotton
as
^/îriMb'jr.'
Water
III
Traveller
in
26
Austndia
46
CHAPTER
The
of
Beginnings
Great
IV
Duties
50
CHAPTER
Preparing
vari
for
the
Great
Work
The
"
District
of
Redemption
the
Goda-
'
70
.
CHAPTER
The
District
of
Godavari"
-Before
VI
and
After
its
Transformation
77
.
4/"^Mu"r.*
The
Testimony
of
NatiTe
Indian
Official
89
...
xii
CONTENTS
PACK
CHAPTER
Part
I.
The
"
in
"most
the
Appendices
World
Households
River
The
Friendly
Civilian
Big Gale
and
Civilian
Part
2.
Chief
144
Test
of
the
148
Work
Twelve
148
Enumeration
for
Many
in
Civilian
146
149
Months
Officials'
149
Testimony
149
Reminiscences
Cotton's
151
CHAPTER
Life
Family
India"
Furlough
"
VIII
Endeavours
in
IX
Energetic
and
[Memorandum
in
A
General
"
Committee
of
John
Sir
"
The
1872
Attack
Severe
Room
209
"
Speeches
by
Lord
to
Reply
214
by
Sir
Arthur
Cotton^
with
dices
Appen-
F]
224
Fawcctt
George
of
Hamilton
George
Sir
Behalf
on
Commons
Committee
Debate
Commons'
Hon.
Labours
184
of
House
Parliamentary
Henry
of
Star
Prosperity
Examination
Rt.
The
163
CHAPTER
Mr.
"
Retirement
India's
Life
Home
"
CHAPTER
Earnest
93
147
Too
Lady
Indian
its Success
Construction,
145
Hard
Done
was
"
Work
in Godavari
Estimate
Benefits,
The
its
Inception,
Irrigation
of Government
What
Profitable"
Delta
the
and
Approval
The
its
and
Prosperous
The
Beneficent
VII
257
Bright
Campbell
George
258
.261
.
Balfour
262
xiii
CONTENTS
PAGB
The
Select
Committee
of
1878
its
Constitution,
Methods,
its
its Result
Appendices
264
Select
of the
Report
Committee
by Sir A.
Memorandum
306
Cotton
the
on
CHAPTER
Railways
Appendices
Sir
R.
Temple
Water
How
Obiter
of India
Wasted
in
by Sir Geo.
Fischer
of
Appendix
Famine
in
Appendix
Money,
Cotton's
Work
for
The
Ganges
Famine
What
in
the
Lives
Through
to
the
and
Moral,
All
Done
384
Reservoir,
an
and
other
matters
393
XII
and
Famine
1900
due
India
Be
388
Central
Money
is
400
People
Costing
Famine
Material,
and
Country
Districts,
of
.418
Rain?
.
by Vaughan
Nash
437
XIV
Value
to
India
of
Sir
Arthur
Work
433
XV
India
Canal
England
416
XIII
Insufficiency
437
Controversy
CHAPTER
in
328
383
Campbell
CHAPTER
Work
386
CHAPTER
The
....
CHAPTER
Is
Canals
1877
Grand
the
on
To
and
CHAPTER
Cost
309
Xr
Irrigation Extension
on
Irrigation Done
on
was
Dicta
Colonel
The
Committee
Governor-General
The
the
Navigation
and
Irrigation
versus
of
Report
for
India
with
Sir
Proby
Cautley,
K.C.B.
469
XVI
475
CONTENTS
xiv
PAGE
XVII
CHAPTER
Life
in
Sir
Nightingale,
Florence
from
Letters
England
Bartle
"
Colin
Sir
Frere,
Moncrieff,
Scott-
and
R.E.,
others
492
.
CHAPTER
Many
Interests
Appendix
and
Home
at
Modem
Seer
XVIII
Abroad
and
513
New
Hope
for
British
Agriculture
541
.
CHAPTER
The
Mainspring
and
and
Secret
of
Eventide
Arthur
Cotton's
Characteristics
of
Life
Life,
Character,
548
CHAPTER
The
XIX
and
Peace
XX
560
Illustrations
and
Maps
TO
PACK
FAGB
Sir
General
Arthur
Combermere
Father
and
of
Gorge
of
Branch
Sketch
of
Map
Main
Mukkamala
16
ile.
^from
Stream
up
77
....
the
near
"
Under
Sluices
80
Anicut
105
Harvest
109
Godavari
the
showing
Delta,
Irrigation
and
122
Canal,
Eastern
Delta
129
Lock
Houseboat
The
12
Works
Navigation
of
Cotton
Looking
"
after
Lands,
Arthur
Cotton,
Anicut
Irrigated
Brothers
Sir
Godavari
the
Dowlaisweram
Maddur
his
of
Arthur
Lieutenant
7
and
Cotton
Mother
Head
{Frontispiece)
K.as.l.
R.E.,
Abbey
Arthur
Sir
Cotton,
131
for
Gunnaram
Canal
Travel"
the
crossing
Aqueduct
India
Eastern
-135
Godavari
River
.141
Pennumantra
Gostanadi
Bridge,
and
Canal
Vdpur
-157
Lock
Alamur
Arthur
Arthur
by
Canal
Coringa
.163
him
Irrigation
India
standing
front
in
of
6ft.
high
in
513
(aged
94)
standing
in
front
of
Maize
grown
1896
and
A.
94)
(aged
Wheat
Cotton
Sir
497
Cotton
English
Sir
below,
Dorking
Woodcot,
Sir
from
Weir,
Cotton,
537
Navigation
and
brought
Map
to
up
Office
of
date
India,
from
statistics
in
XY
prepared
pocket
by
at
at
end
the
of
book
'*
have
If
done
founded
credit
as
us
it
due
is
with
admirable
and
wealth
to
MIND,
MASTER
ONE
which,
and
strength
have
source
nation,
to
of
be
and
India,
part
to
at
will
which
system
of
this
least
duty
our
we
in
and
industry
of
spite
every
perseverance,
discouragement,
devoted
officers
have
invaluable
aid
under
advice
his
Colonel
Cotton's
direction,
and
but
for
have
this
rendered
are
will
Cotton's
be
venerated
by
millions
who
much
many,
will
be
occupy
now
but,
forgotten
larger
sake,
although
it
due
not
concerns
Colonel
during
Madras^
Sir
Charles
view,
his
Trevelyan,
would
be,
receive
lifetime.**
Minute
Governor.
by
to
not
were
"
of
it
him,
Cotton
regret
acknowledgment
if
of
matter
own
public
the
our
in
place
unborn,
yet
name
when
creation
first
alone.
him
to
and
spirit
and
able
Other
result.
great
Colonel
indebted
we
"
out
caught
genius
of
this
worked
has
the
Government
for
AN
represents
that
To
consider
Sir
of
portions
What
of
1900)
the
Cotton's
could
every
part of
been
in
Cotton;
we
did
for
he
his
India.
In
of
correspondent
could
Madras
really
his
Arthur
trative
adminis-
with
what
almost
in
his
was
is
done
letters,
whether
to
in
the
the
quoted
"
short
pronounced
as
and
his
India
took
still
to
o,"
whom
though
was
Arthur
and
in
he
told
us
prevail."
needed.
sorely
needed^
Cotton
"
was
in
that
o
what
sorely
Arthur
'*
public
Sir
policy
adding
in
Cotton's
reference
the
place
name
know
more
ever
famines
Arthur
was
pen
has
here, and
see
oured,
hon-
an
probable
voice
Cotton
us
India,
leading
Sir
later, Sir
people,
it is
of
here,
Arthur
did
by
the
"
to
is
did,
Cotton's
We,
want
in
recently
of
came
we
he
causes
one
Sir
in
have
pronounce
name
(July,
by
Britain,
Arthur
remarked
Cotton
would
one
India,
Sir
Anglo-Indian
the
on
He
;
; in
discussion
Sir
believe
needs
he
What
true,
now
families
what
other
mentioned.
Arthur
What
of
irrigation
activities
known.
metropolis
India
what
parts
which
of
with
entity
no
years,
been
has
name
Subsequently,
the
been
overborne
of
dency.
Presi-
have
unacquaintance
manifold
his
Incidentally,
of
been
thousands
many
assemblage
mentioned.
Madras
suffering, had
means
Cdtdn,**
"
many
widely
India.
men
of
to
London
other
provinces
not
worshipped,
owing
so
the
might
many
awful
by
of
on
India.
in comfort,
throughout
reader
ineffaceably stamped
region
by ofHdal
done
be
almost
that,
of
and
homes
the
living
this
ripe experience
really
is
those
scenes
people
if any
attention
coast
of
of
some
jealousy
In
of
the
to
overstrained.
eastern
measure,
especially
are
the
and
I ask
influence
is true
modified
words
my
OF
Government
chapter
Cotton's
Arthur
three
in
Indian
the
to
themselves.
should
APPRECIATION
were
asks
made,
Northern
long.
SIR
Because
his
counsel
destitution
and
while
the
whole
than
hideous
few
that
of
decadence
continuing
unless
the
of
of
readers
generally,
people
works
afflict
will
to-day
shall
follow
the
again
famine
fellow-subjects,
English
the
and
Sir
prevail,
will
people
biography,
that
will
disastrous
and
determine
of
been
Indian
our
country
this
has
naore
even
multitudes,
population
What
an
have
again
vast
the
of
arrested.
hence,
years
and
again
overtaken
one-sixth
been
followedi
suffering
of
has
COTTON
not
was
progress
world
be.
ARTHUR
Arthur
Cotton's
Arthur
Cotton's
him.
Therefore
is
it
this
that
and
countrymen
of
narrative
to
that
shall,
become
his
minds
many
the
far
matter
work
and
produce
sorrowful
as
offered
to
with
countrywomen,
and
present
so
is
biography
will
teaching
such
widespread
irrigation
of
historical
of
that
its
conviction
carry
beneficent
condition
regretful
hope
the
consequences
India's
can
interest
population
this,
ensure
only.
CHAPTER
Family
History
bom
was
of
the
Mr.
tenth
Cotton,
of
lands,
and
In
He
the
bell
church,
of
handsome
the
Cottons
the
was
They
through
country
second
Sir
brother.
Household,
VI.
was
Sir
of
Privy
Cotton,
appointed
by
Robert
body
to
Cotton,
Henry
Elizabeth
grandson
son
the
and
Cotton,
Shropshire,
in
His
younger
of
Comptroller
of
in
the
reign
of
Sir
Richard
to
the
see
Sir
the
the
king
George
VIIL
of
by
from
their
Cotton,
Knight
Councillor
wife,
traced
Sir
Henry
cemetery,
Beragne
served
of
younger
Queen
Cotton,
have
its
VIIL
of
be
Cotton,
John
with
his
Catherine
of
lands.
and
Henry
centuries.
Richard
was
being
to
several
additional
Mary
may
"^till
monastery,
and
appear
the
the
early
was
abbots,
Combermere,
king
several
of
son
esquire
an
the
the
Plantagenets.
of
Cotton,
patent,"
Through
descent
lake
George
to
letters
King's
the
of
the
an
abbot
and
privileges
site
by
other
by
siderable
con-
demesne,
described
first
of
century,
surrounding
its
53,
Robert
is
twelfth
"
is
11
"the
tower,
granted
was
its
fresh
1535,
year
with
Sir
family
the
as
of
holder
of
person
tenth
himself
was
fourth
The
followed
was
the
early
year
granted
were
in
timbers,"
the
the
Cotton,
ILC.S.L,
the
was
who
Cotton,
Cheshire.
Combermere,
R.E.,
He
1803.
15,
1677,
As
surviving/*
In
in
antiquity.
historian.
Brothers
COTTON,
Lynch
for
woods,
whom
Sir
M.P.
of
Abbey
Characteristics
Calveley
created,
K.B.,
and
May
Henry
baronetcy
Band
ARTHUR
on
son
of
Notable
Days
SIR
GENERAL
son
A
"
Early
"
of
Richard,
the
Edward
Cotton,
Salisbury.
added
SIR
largely
his
wealth
with
marriage
of
Sir
as
the
to
*'
Llewenny,
Robert
frank
dispensed
Baron
of
displayed
great
stormer
India.
when
was
of
the
Tower,
He
and
Combermere,
difficultybe
of
in
his
their
from
the
his
breach
Cotton
India
in
Constable
Guards.
This
courage
Lord
his
own,
with
could
of
foremost
the
made
had
miners
and
the
of
life
the
the
leading
sappers
Of
his
Six
did
of
brothers
Sir
five
disarmed.
Among
officers
of
When
the
asked
Peshawur
getting
?
on.
"
other
he
friend
How
The
Before
is
reply
he
went
able
officer.
mine
there
raising
This
we
the
at
never
the
had
of
the
mand
com-
senior
Calcutta,
getting
is
as
had
in
of
one
Cotton
"
he
whom
Department
Sydney
:
sent
manded
com-
had,
months
some
page.
He
and
the
was
been
of
was
record.
Mutiny,
services
had
some
in
portrait
this
faces
mutineers,
the
Adjutant-General's
"
of
his
Peshawur,
the
during
thousand
Lancers.
very
mankind.
centre,
left
has
was
the
mark
their
made
for
in
Arthur
Cotton
prisoners,
brothers
Arthur
member
only distinguished
service
Peshawur
at
at
useful
Sir
Sydney
his
of
with
them,
the
not
was
and
day,
each
and
with
imprudent
too
the
would-
The
of
He
lead
to
"
his
to
careful
so
restrained
family.
of
2 1 St
given
is
'
Bhurtpore.
Life
ist
his
gained
walls."
the
Arthur
of
the
ceived
re-
kinsman,
Field-Marshal,
of
commonly
soldier,
his
made.
been
afterwards
which
Like
and
Commander-in-Chief
was
Colonel
testimony
1817,
wished
even
had
in
of
tinguished
dis-
Cotton,
Stapleton
hero
bravery,
breach
time
the
was
personal
breach
the
stormers
He
of the
at
Sir
having
as
proverbially
Stapleton
Combermere.
memoir,
and
than
service
military
this
storming-party
Sir
bury,
Salis-
is described
grandson,
more
by
family
Robert
Sir
gentleman,
even
descendant.
of
his
Cotton,
hospitable
title of
in
humblest
Denbigh.
in
subject
the
county
himself
distinction
is
daughter
and
His
the
be
Hester,
the
of
importance
daily hospitality
Cheshire."
the
and
Salisbury
most
COTTON
ARTHUR
way
an
on
in
he
hour's
is
SYDNEY
SIR
freedom
from
Since
he
there
went
anxiety."
Happily
India
in
men
anxiety,
Commissioner,
that
at
the
time
to
time:
General
and
day"
or
have
had
the
at
night
we
he
PESHAWUR
AT
COTTON
had
never
work
with
Sir
Herbert
which
on
the
about
place
hours
one
of
two
the
finest
the
Edwardes,
Feshawur
was
depended
than
Lushington.
station
more
^
^4
other.
upon
any
facts
in the
three
John
the
references
Feshawur
the
who
ruler
being
invasion
their
legs
Lord
of
in
''
their
he
had
to
think
to
act, to
was
harder
worked
than,
Again
know
what
One
and
important
of
opinion
look
to
abandon
while
ahead,
Fray
*
Life
p. 45*
think
of
of Lord
whom
it,
overcome
perhaps
as,
his
eye."*
better
than
under
managed
superseded,
is
do
not
and
to
Lawrence
and
others,
remained
from
Lord
if he
thought
what
Viceroy,
have
Lawrence.
By
*
/^V.,
p.
he
wrote
Bosworth-
69.
While
well
said, and
R.
other.
led
permission
the
the
untaken
seek
with
on
the
on
for
occasion
provided
matter
Delhi
Feshawur
correspondence
"
he
Cotton,
in
hard
worked
between
Edwardes,
existed
to
if
coad*
with
to
as
have
and
fortunate
was
happen.*'*
will
Cotton,
which
could
Cotton,
most
difference
have
masterly.
men
was
back
his
off
marched
Nicholson,
danger
nary
imagi-
an
trustworthy
such
in
in"
disaffected
was
it
lieutenants,
see
would
officer
S.
Brigadier
had
admirable
behind
they
''No
that
Feshawur,
who
Delhi/'
for
Edwardes,
the
nearly
or
which
against
at
which
in
of
duty
many.
measures
manner
remarks
he
are
commander
stern
some
race
that
at
men
by
amazing
in
.
the
Mohmunds/'
himself
''.
Cotton
The
biographer
Lawrence
jutors.
all
Lord
Life of
intrepid
outpost
to
the
Lawrence's
for
the
in
of
hands
named.
General
to
checked
sent
the
in
was
Bosworth-Smith^s
necessary.
was
principal providential
the
I have
seconded
felt
cipient mutiny
regiments
defence
found
one
civil
the
of
volume
Lawrence
of
those
as
second
Lawrence^
one
that
officers
the
was
Mutiny
such
In
It
to
consult
Smith,
hand,
one
peril
The
Lawrence
Canning
he
was
in
Edwardes
Brigadiers
M.A.,
vol.
ii.
SIR
10
S.
Cotton
and
his
retrace
is
of
officers
under
any
They
resisted
for
Lawrence,
Hold
however,
your
Richard
College
Oriel,
at
resigned
in
this
last"
this
By
mutineers,
the
of
possibility
the
that
Lawrence,
John
Prince
have
"
and
Peshawur,
of
In
educated
was
5 he
181
became
1823
living
being
on
of
Vicar
Worcester
at
elected
was
house,
Charter-
the
at
undergraduate
an
Oxford.
and
telegraphed
7,
add
to
abandonment
Cotton
became
in
those
you."
Lynch
and
with
the
even
Sir
to
Peshawur.
view
against
interesting
the
with
agree
turned
that,
and
the
to
urged
said
on
paper
entirely
be
Windsor,
at
had
longer
It may
Consort,
read
tide
no
retirement
Peshawur
to
conceive
August
on
were
by argument
like
and,
on,
on
the
Lawrence
and
took
than
nor
abandon
to
there
But
obstinacy
not
affairs
of
Canning
holding
'*
could
will
man
convinced,
not
wise
was
civil' head
the
of
more
They
No
myself.
than
was
consulted.
Lord
were
time,
Cotton
it
else.
nobody
savours
circumstances,
persuasion.
to
on
General
other
who
hold
to
but
unwillingly
more
when
wisdom."
the
Nicholson,
steps
point
COTTON
ARTHUR
to
Fellowship
He
Denchworth*
of
Provost
appointed
the
college by
of
the
the
Charles
Service
of
Oulton
in
sole
Indian
Admiral
He
of
life in
Shropshire.
brothers,
assisted
works.
General,
and
He
his
He
H.E.LC.S.,
the
was
and
Arthur
had
eventually
retired
in
bom
one
the
in
the
C.S.I.,
only
brother
was
Egerton,
brother
his
and
during
Cotton,
is
Miss
Hall, in Cheshire.
with
Cotton
lived
and
Civil
the
the
Anient
Vere
Frederick
large family.
other
Kurnool
in
years,
married
Knolton
at
worked
Cotton
the
command,
and
cellor
Chan-
then
was
many
he
Irrigation Works,
naval
the
lived
Francis
General
for
was,
India, retiring when

Hall.
charge
who
Wellington,
Cotton
Calveley
the
of
University.
Conyers
of
Hugh
Duke
latter
the
was
1807,
received
the
is
of
of
retired
his
of
that
India,
in
Godavari,
a
his
youngest
Engineers
Tanjore,
in
from
years
surviving
now
Royal
the
early
and
Major-
Companionship
of
GENERAL
the
Star
Public
and,
COTTON
FRED.
of
India
Works
in
of
which
in Blackwood*
of
good
the
with
sense
with
the
of
future
mentally
article
from
The
India."
and
question,
this
extension
his
It is entitled,
of
with
of age,
years
1900.
Rivers
deals
he
an
May,
Great
the
of
which
prospects
for
in the
is still
sight,
in
ii
service
ninety-two
seen
Magazine
Water
is
be
WATER
meritorious
impaired
may
RIVER
his
He
from
suffering
alert, proof
"Value
for
1868
Department
though
pen
ON
irrigation, is
of
most
marked.^
It
was
interesting sight
an
when
they happened
some
family gathering.
handsome,
useful
were
Much
which
will
"
We
which
I must
that
river
the
the
been
find
sites
But,
if the
is
great
of
the
first
everywhere,
survey
that
almost
into
the
upon
local
do
be
not
the
the
Sir
Arthur
secure
possibility
no
good
Viga
supply
supply
to
reason
system
show
why
is
secure
led
these
for
tanks.
every
water
should
not
in all parts
of the
of
our
But
part
look
sites
the
only
of India
be
country."
stored
an
call
has
its
on
the
be,
be
metrical
Trigonowill
find
it,
dependent
in
and,
This
sequence,
con-
would
through
ran
hydraulic
such
it to
across
famine.
great
be.
may
they
drought,
from
the
will
water
at
where
to
that
proved
how
on
necessary
It is true
engineer,
artificial river
attention
valleys,
old
of
has
There
embankment
so
making
that, as
be
never-failing river,
Indeed,
scheme
principle
called, being
Peninsula
from
the
I have
an
seasons
the
perfecting
storing
India,
by
tanks,
in
it.
to
of
made,
the
them.
had
my
sea.
the
it will
explain
To
readers
the
possible.
as
hope
Peninsula
for
of
cost
is what
valueless
to
of
cheaper
to
These
stream,
collect
valley
are
nothing
to
to
the
ask
reservoir.
if
as
which
is
river
admirably
it reach
exactly
far
stored
would
the
is
day that
channels, leading
water
which
treated
former
is
so
was
of
the
store
to
consideration.
of
Cotton,
the
water
rains,
case
country
the
shallow
retaining
are
Peninsula
there
drop
and
of
present
be
in
the
map
any
be
lakes
value
there,
if water
that
did
years
to
use
Engineer
veteran
of which
water
had
great
the
at
the
callings
engineer
some
at
men,
them
the
the
point
by
of
the
"
of
one
is wanted
ended,
should
enormous
us
tanks
freshes
of late
this
set
south
and
irrigation, had
rivers
On
what
right
here
the
not
of
the
exceptional
reservoirs
that
formed
in
after
for
larger the
in
dammed
idea
an
Quite
only
for
crop
which
point
I remember
was
oiT
water
the
to
it.
put.
of
their
concerning
chapters
example,
an
body
conversation
; not
together
occasionally,
noble
blemish
later
be
were
in
in
may
have
so
Viga, if
utilized
The
is
quote
the
found
rivers
ages,
brilliant
without
be
Indian
remarks
"
and
They
did
they
as
brothers
these
see
meet,
to
clever,
to
there
native
to
the
to
is
river
SIR
15
personal
through
of
their
enemy,
all the
them,
the
late
Arthur's
much
Sir
Arthur's
earliest
which
their
by
the
have
days
in
certain
observed
by
mind
it the
colour
of
after
the
given
Hours
traced
stream,
that
too,
his
bread
cause
of
His
on
lagging
behind,
the
through
boy
those
remembered
stick
channels,
; he
home,
returned
discoloured
the
She
bered,
remem-
would
play
it.
When
asked
they
would
small
channels
would
divert
fearlessness, we
are
the
were
out
continually
be
of
with
canals."
when
systems
making
appeared.
dis-
Arthur
making
Arthur
day,
could
he
that
of
look
what
away.
am
her
Arthur
strange
of
cause
eating
"
and
the
road
the
in
rain-water
communication
them.
between
As
of
She
Suddenly
nursery
busily tracing
of his
point
the
the
conduct
young
fellow
in
and
wondering
little
replied,
rainy
the
distance
in
he
delay,
brothers, also,
walking
with
often
of
forth
shadowed
with
blood.
some
owed
remarkable
very
sisters.
on
the
his
to
judgment
town
gutter,
milk, instead
and
his
the
source
works,
dye
"
its
to
his
a
perhaps,
career,
character
remarked
in
in
physically.
of
in
day walking
running
future
curiously
of
Arthur
who,
admirable
and
one
of
aims.
was
traits
they
his
his
and
was
honesty
K.C.S.I., testified
as
mentally
and
opponent,
Cotton
Calveley
side, when
having
well
Some
careers.
opponents,
of
training
both
one
water
strength
nobleness
of
were
the
Campbell,
bent
were
mother
the
Mr9.
strong
woman,
George
careful
mother.
of
inveterate
most
and
the
different
lives
their
been
their
determined
very
early life,as
to
his
had
had
of
because
his
But
ability
great
his
vicissitudes
however,
particular.
COTTON
honourable
so
convictions,
was
ARTHUR
instance
an
at
school,
who
the
ill-treated
spirits,much
relief, and
died
of
he
had
in such
that
to
he
was
distress.
submit
to
(George,
and
losing
was
both
Finding
the
that, when
one
unfortunately,
who,
head-master,
Arthur's
having
him,
of the
way
told
brother
younger
with
early)
dislike
to
his
rule
no
of
of
curred
in-
bullied
and
health
and
means
the
of
school,
CHAPTER
Manhood
Young
II
^The
of
Beginnings
"
Great
Issues
COTTON
ARTHUR
half
when,
after
combe"
begun
it
conduct.
as
the
at
was
in
simultaneously
doubt,"
of
They
that
undergo
to
believe
into
obtained
the
without
is
scientific
an
Second-Lieutenant
but
he
was
not
the
only
of
corps
Cotton's
tion
examina-
an
the
and
he
without
of
honour
he
deserved
of
sion
admis-
being
Engineers
Royal
of
that
record
on
little
as
examination.
Cotton
allowed
just
him
his,
instance
hard.
work
disposition
But
was
no
large
very
Engineers
To
these
is
Addiscombe,
at
Royal
toll
time
Arthur
any
naught.
as
paying
this
the
attention
pay,
with
of
matter
to
that
examination.
been
without
show
worked
in
any
have
admission
he
appointment
would
had
century
''There
their
for
will
the
that
"
taken
is
the
at
willing
not
sympathy
no
well
So
an
having
it
had
writer,
are
begun,
literary
printer.
the
return
pages
of
York
New
are
in
do,
These
kind.
obtained
for
persons
nature
strenuous
revised
to
can."
they
and
young
anxious
are
London
study
when
becoming
engaging
distinguished
one
says
number
as
being
are
pages
is
and
complaint
common
is
This
beginning.
in
Life
end
Addis*
careers
that,
the
at
left
few
assiduity.
young
and
diligence
than
with
the
he
819,
much
More
sixteen
only
Nowadays
pursued
by
of
end
by
his.
was
easily
more
than
good
often
not
are
much
marked
early
so
they
career
uniform
and
the
towards
of
boy
was
to
was
remain
X4
stationed
long
at
at
the
Chatham,
Depdt
In
ADAM'S
short
the
to
the
(on
time
Ordnance
was
at
him
on
time
the
wild
difficult
and
His
place
of
tour
entrusted
He
ages.
His
duties
took
and
what
received
He
of
roads.
presented
of
phases
high
populated,
fewness
the
that
at
was
sparsely
the
all
covering
him,
to
mind.
successful.
was
report,
in his
of
account
on
his
often
lonely country,
access
surveying
admirable
and
posted
was
unnaturally
place, through
to
15
he
Not
of
impressionable
from
very
Wales.
in
MENDER
1820)
January,
subsequently
was
most
foot
of
31st
Survey
early experience
ITS
AND
BRIDGE
work
what
for
praise
the
an
he
had
done.
For
in
May,
he
days,
only
four
Uttle
more
office
of
months
than
nearly
public
works
In
half
that
time.
he
1822, office
May,
the
him,
to
a
what
is known
India
and
historic
date,
the
passage
'
to
allows
found
remove,
of
the
useful
of
jumped
rocks,
in
Captain
his
which
work
vessels
which
India
following
young
their
Faumben
of
religious
as
of
to
for
Ceylon
Eng^lishman,
chie"
it
conflict
in
Ceylon.
at
hundred
at
and
the
occupation;
few
of
across
which,
useful
forms
mainland
occurred
upon
Pass,
which
the
forces
Fuller-
assigned
was
rocks,
bridge
found
from
the
Cotton
Department,
inasmuch
led
Rakshasas,
Engineer
himself
Hanuman
the
"
Hindus,
beginning
young
now
followers
was
the
was
Ceylon
to
to
between
Bridge,
of
; Lieut
duty
of
undertake.
to
Tank
of
survey
Monkey-god,^
and
the
causeway
Adam's
island
the
of
spent
of the
end
Assistant
the
the
an
the
to
character
upon
responsible
most
than
in
importance
Ravana
This
less
as
the
Hanuman,
with
channel
narrow
of
Engineer
Division.
nothing
to
came
appointment
ton, Superintending
Southern
work
called
be
to
the
over
in
and
Presidency,
with
did,
attached
at
those
circled
be
was
the
for
it
as
may
He
himself
likely
was
globe
for
Engineer
acquainting
year
received
the
been
Madras,
what,
extending,
voyage,
now,
Chief
the
after
and,
having
for
embarked
September,
"
Chatham,
at
just eighteen,
was
in
long
remained
India, he
in
arrived
not
was
he
he
service
to
city
half
when
1821,
appointed
which
and
year
one
in
bound
after
later
the
tons
his
ages,
through.
passing
Bart,
Fifty
M.P.,
made
to
secure
Commons
to
Madras
and
and
the
effort
might
in vain
was
work
survey
he
as
the
was
of
districts
and
nopoly,
complete
other
by
of the
drafted
Among
those
the
with
He
; he
all the
words
of
:
"
He
assault
the
on
himself
by
also
notable
out"
erection
of
station
in
the
columns
is
trenches,
thus
and
Tavoy.
afterwards
Kakien.
as
of
Here
the
the
forts
seven
and
ceeded
protime
eventually
lead,
against
that
and
and
of
the
of
tion
expedi-
some
Mergui
taking
the
Pagodas.
the
for
fighting,
of
were
only twenty,
stockades
party
actions
exploits
then
troops
join
Rangoon,
of
one
served
these
to
fortresses
storming
most
desire
reconnoitring,
with
his
of
associated
was
the
led
in
and
time
and
Land
who,
Cotton,
defending
stockades
One
in
He
tion-"
distribu-
military
the
to
engaged
officer
army.
in
India
the
engineer
of that
there
the
pending,
was
expressed
distinguished
he
Trichi*
Madras.
front.
in the
this
Mount,
of
part
in
headquarters,
to
with
connection
storming
^was
took
who
gunboats,
the
in
from
the
to
fruit
1822,
repairs
and
storage
During
1824.
war
Lieutenant
was
with
of
Burmese
being
beyond
in
tank
proceeded
St. Thomas'
at
south
first
The
after
soon
chiefly
military buildings
miles
the
notable
foundation
wonderful
such
until
was
One
Little
of
the
its
"
as
Presidency.
Cotton
work
few
bear
to
it seemed
Tinnevelly,
laid
water
Again
Lieutenant
young
was
reach
Ceylon.
engineer.
Madura,
where
for
but, eventually,
supervision
the
of
remained
he
the
Coimbatore,
was
Lieutenant
door
done
its
the
of
could
ports
accomplished.
was
of
steamers
agitation,
hand,
in
awaits
knowledge
parts
where
taken
to
the
of
still
Tanjore,
which
around
nothing
recalled
was
passing
course
be
;
work
engineering
Coast
House
enlarging
ocean-going
East
the
without
the
Eiphhistone,
the
in
for
that
and
Calcutta
work
effort
funds
extent
an
again, during
if the
after, Sir James
years
imperial
destination
their
COTTON
strenuous
such
passage
ARTHUR
SIR
i6
was
only
main
and
engaged
time.
described
in
his
own
LIEUTENANT
ARTf
^
FIGHTING
The
^'
place taken
of
coast
The
August
the
of
coast
ground
with
war,
while
The
west
face
had
The
force
fort
was
the
of
of
want
men
the
to
When
about
gate, exposed
all
whole
the
**
All
place
this without
and
if
in the world,
As
it was,
"
The
nor
what
Every
This
now
loss
is
believe
we
the
had
looked
round
called
lead*
him, and
the
two
to
inside, cut
ladders, and
opened
it was
carried
in, and
from
the
officer in
contemptible
most
mand,
com-
enemy
loss.
terrible
suffered
only thirty or forty men.
was
officer
young
been
V.C,
was
for
way
suffered
was
of
he
the
in which
mentioned
never
wrote
not
was
whole
at
the
the
report,
the
gate, I
Nobody
war.
things were
solely from
would
who
i;idio led, and
sta"f officer,who
specimen
the
the
at
more
rushed
at least have
happened,
a
for
fire from
ladder
60th
on
to
at that
âll rushed
the
gate, when
single order
the
had
river.
the
hour, capturing the Governor.
an
not
have
I believe
think.
could
loss
course,
do
knew
our
we
should
we
splendid
of
DOW,
had
we
below.
usual
one
follow
I looked
inside, and
from
to
down
dropped
the
in half
the
to
name
against
second
fellow
fine
our
he
possible help.
planting
by
by
men
men-of-
perpendicular
gate, and
the
ofiicer of
young
in-" all four"
off from
was
only
was
beside
planted
river
mile
pioneers"
the
officers and
them
and
reached
there
good
the
the
military order
like
arrangement
for others, when
ing
or
any
found
rising
is
fifteen feet high,
mile
then
shipping, and, according
the
soldiers, sepoys,
"
we
three
twelve
of
we
on
line
gate without
spot, whidi
or
built,on
near
about
centre
on
by
half
anchor
at
quarter of
anything
flankers,I
some
silenced
timber
a
landed
was
time, the
"
were
of
there
fort is
the
of
were
transports
gate
utter
up
which
batteries
the
and
the
ships.
north
surrendered, and
face
river,of solid teak
the
to
One
the
in
river, where
the
up
the
beautifully situated
is
the
Rangoon
Tavoy,
to
which
which
miles
for
anchorage
direct
Tenasserimi
some
from
of
fort
southern
far from
not
detached
was
sailed
Mergui^
to
bank,
force
24, and
sailed
in Burma,
17
the
Mergui"
was
Tenasserim,
Penang.
BURMA
IN
then
done.
of
want
2
any
SIR
i8
of
sort
preparation
the
are
of
of
it
It will
loose
of
indeed.
force.
Not
they
were
died
by
only
hundreds
father,
My
detailed
that
of
whom
who
he
once
his
the
them
he
whilst
was
invited
him.
This
army,
and
been
in
home
as
by
used
the
tell
to
one
every
officers,
day,
one
alone
seen
lead*
battle, cheering
the
flank
enemy's
well
and
from
the
table
of that
to
the
he
very
exact
the
was
it
small, but
he
play.
table
for
he
had
sent
to
in
him
his
in
but
invitation
The
play.
to
when
he
rose
pounds.
possession
his
he
parent's
money,
twenty
by
the
After
his
this
lost, and
by
with
Although
in
duty
man
dine
men.
accepted
his
poorer
to
life.
his
standing
played
deeply
value,
card
he
all
younger
to
never
thought
more
the
by
acquired
officers
high
asked
was
had
of
subaltern
youthful
played,
was
up
to
he
Cheshire,
very
man
he
lasted
which
principal
accustomed
command,
pay
was
that
Burma
dislike
Cotton
he
notes
retained
how
us
was
of
food.
Several
through
in
of the
looked
much
more
His
thick
way
one
officer
Lieutenant
dinner
being
the
stationed
card-playing,
to
was
had
men
he
hottest,
his
cutting
of
told
but
hospital
in
years,
himself.
all the
by
sick
He
hav^
They
quantity,
peril.
party
such
went
dislike
He
into
men
and
on,
It
of
troop
its
at
was
in
many
of
except
contemporaries,
fight
suffered
The
so
small
down
he
general
bad.
of suitable
of
days
with
Then
and
scant
want
lapse
if
as
If that's
'
fighting
very
were
quality.
the
those
was
shot
was
were
when
of
be
in
after
even
actual
would
bad
to
the
board
fort,
'
you
in
on
the
to
up
idea
an
us
was
commissariat
hardships
owing
memories
us
in
provisions
exceedingly
who
if in
the
were
fighting
before
that
defects
Great
not
cabin."
his
prevailed,
the
of
Burmese
telescope, saying,
stand
realized
supplies
bad
were
as
readily
arrangements
control
ing
in
had
and
rush
the
can
himself
be
The
Tavoy,
men
down
fight, who
hid
and
went
of
the
threw
he
you
way
Governor
saw
world,
thought
never
vessels,
play,
were
the
the
our
in the
They
When
open.
COTTON
military arrangement
or
cowards
greatest
stratagem.
one
ARTHUR
father
bank*
in
chief
his
pored
delight
Bible
full of
was
in
was
the
over
voyage
The
of
result
took
in
place
the
by
it ; his
by
of
whole
nature
which
he
the
appointed
he
of
the
the
lungs
but
mountain
the
to
of
the
the
to
make
only
;^40O
"lQO
to
worst
obstacles
in
granted,
was
in
two
tentative
thorough
the
channel
three
or
Captain.
of
one
associated
appointed
Then
the
with
to
works
the
the
chief
Leave
it, and
of
really
was
pittance
mere
this
ordered
was
Work
with
of
the
small
sum
and
the
Pass
the
rank
removed
were
he
opportunity
great
the
feet.
eight years' service,
of
but
of
survey
in
inflammation
Engineer
way.
health
of
granted
trifling improvements.
but
work,
the
of
was
of
bility
responsi-
Neilgherries,
young
before
repair
personal
and
India,
duties
His
breakdown
fever
jungle
ing
follow-
the
and
nature
a
Southern
Pass
of
more
to
to
Engineer,
in
inspection
arduous
restored,
Paumben
of
his
by
performed
he
those
with
leave
in
health
After
His
Lieutenant
in Madras,
appointment.
the
1827, led
short
range
deepened
the
to
coloured
Early
the
as
now
attack
commence
begun,
Bible,
God,"
of
Superintendent
as
in
The
of
an
act
Burma,
to
end
of
and
his
to
all
were
Department
before.
shape
over
His
subordinated.
be
must
marked
Saviour.
Word
arrival
character
same
than
to
Tank
Irrigation Works,
the
The
influenced
were
devotion
by
''
confirmed
was
proceeded
the
Unseen
as
himself, after
Division,
towards
the
sense
no
way
pleasure,
interests
and
every
and
of
everything
in
were
now
study.
year
he
toil
of
spoke
which
was
were
of
characterized
reporting
Central
in
was
in its
that
change
thoughts,
presence
pursuits,
prevailing
and
career
both
was
of
motives,
Cotton
life
always
teachings
On
his
drank
the
him.
to
the
and
of
rest
he
as
precious
experience,
the
interest,
He
Scriptures.
the
him
lent
was
and
new
of
study
this
hours,
sense
the
deepest
future
His
transient
COTTON
that
life-giving truth,
new
to
ARTHUR
SIR
20
name
separate
which
of
promoted
was
offered
for
the
will, through
Arthur
charge
of
to
beginning
all
Cotton.
the
Cauveri
time, be
He
was
Irriga-
EARLIEST
tion, which
WORK
formed
oversight
and
works.
study
in
service.
The
the
districts
in
they
are
scheme
Presidency,
district]in
any
of
waters
while
in
the
for the
first
the
Engineer,
jungle
fever, and
of
sphere
labour
which
of
he
; he
sick
spent
returned
in
everything
saw
other
which
formed
great
portion
among
whom
he
spent
his
him.
He
asked
such
of
join
to
a
reasonable
and
heard
Irrigated India^
See
Chapter
way
and
p.
iii. ;
to
**
in
of
time,
wmch
Sir Arthur
Cotton
months
aspect
new
felt
when
hollowness
him
their
describe
Deakin.
as
those
distasteful
he
employing
A.
card-
of
were
pained
for
recreations,
the
relatives
Hon.
his
from
twelve
what
it
15S, by the
of
delivering
interests
the
describe
his
attacks
away
and
leisure
thus
of
Captain
Hunting,
light
atêments,
women
some
life had
amusements
these
in
life, the
men
have
often
used
to
journey.*
fresh
and
Anient
Europe,
was
by
tending
Superin-
started
years,
return
playing, dancing,
to
half
the
repeated
He
on
begun
Grand
to
tion.
sanc-
1829, and
was
work
much,"
received
of
the
acre,
per
as
and
to
England
to
and
brother
1830.
the
on
twice
work
leave
and
two
got the
January,
for
were
When
him
during
Rs.
great
surrender
obtained
most
through
Having
to
silt-charged
1828
younger
cutting
perforce
charge
over
1830, the
sluices.
had
Cotton
of
[ot
revenue
the
evolved
product
of
the
of
parts
largest
receives
were
Cotton,
Fred.
the
often
works
earlier
January,
Lieutenant
construct
State
the
the
under
the
at
and
completion
richest
Land
yields
the
the
returns
Empire.
were
of
the
tionally
excep-
was
Tanjore
Since
**
reckoned
Kistna
They
the
the
Tanjore
Plans
face.
the
Tanjore
and
stared
ruin
possible
utmost
works
wide-reaching
Absolute
great.
adjoining
for
need
the
with
light,
the
the
River
Coleroon
the
of
stream
of
needs
the
possible
every
Paumben
the
to
to
of
with
Division,
regard
moods
great
21
Southern
given
almost
that
making
TANJORE
in
was
the
district, and
of
view
the
responsibility
regarded
were
of
part
Special
Tanjore
IN
Traveller.'*
to
see
time
him
;
as
sitting thoughtfully
while
the
that
was,
know
to
others
he
the
Himself
shall
and
for
These
county
his
own
choice,
Christian,
was
devoted
So
his
student
of
had
strongly
views
in
that,
despite
open
for
duties
his
him,
The
1832.
regard
and
be
may
judged
for
Government
and
works
June
meant
requires
that
steps
mindful
from
towards
destined
his
The
England,
to
after
of
all
the
Tasmania.^
His
important
life ; there
Service
and
Complete
Rules
his
choice
at
he
that
himself
he
the
the
liminary
pre-
which
the
reputation
own
suffice
brought
about
state
to
another
again
sary,
neces-
and
strength
he
Captain
Cotton
turned
his
visit
this
pleasure
on
consequences
find
the
to
time
prevented
South
occasion
upon
was
lay between
in
was
the
half-dozen
may
change
pleted
com-
freshes
next
his
his
before
for
district
to
his
monsoon
the
of
into
had
time
in
kept
was
autumn
anicuts
of
toil
clime.
have
that
It
southern
fact
and
served
the
in
and
authorities
position
threw
the
to
devoted
in health.
and,
and
his
his
treatment.
separate
breakdown
of
Engineer
prolonged
derived
alike
"
the
upon
work
remained
himself
impressed
before
the
and
England
work.
obtained
What
devoted
father
my
Coleroon
two
finished
be
occurred.
Superintendent
"
the
sanction
to
really
years
the
from
shire,
Oxford-
in
and
of
charge
which
amidst
So, making
village
earnest
parish
resumed
with
energy
project
in
he
His
for
do
living.
Church
leave,
prolonged
How
"
answered
Cauveri
the
to
be
an
Cotton
Captain
was
There
Scripture.
his
enquiry
fested
mani-
"
to
of the
in
so
then
brothers,
him
had
to
wanted
he
Who
not
went
fact
longed
; he
shall
was
room
The
belief;
What
men
he
clergyman
time, helping
his
sole
could
usual, he
of
Life
Lord
?
of
in which
as
one
Him
felt
he
the
the
ways.
of
; his
benefit
society
where
for
the
various
Higher
to
heart
for
questions
the
his
life
my
glory
energies
to
I live
the
of
corner
foundations
true
his
consecrate
one
in
engaged
seeking
of
in
quietly
and
were
was
more
COTTON
ARTHUR
SIR
22
his
Africa
the
partner
going
and
was
whole
of
again
Australia.
his
to
MOMENTOUS
in
Cotton
walking
was
him
to
him
should
of the
how
them
then
made
they
could
this, the
month
leave
Before
only objection
in
live
golden
place
on
had
end
of
with
living
doctors
of
him
the
to
Over
of
friend,
made
38-39
Cotton's
ditional
adhad
health
year
in the
time
he
Miss
Lear*
of
his
her
and
health
''
To
the
all
fears
for
union
often
he
appearance
they
day
the
was
their
to
parents
these
when
what
laughed
keeping
their
"
near.
Madras
Tasmania
29th
just
at
another
state
gravely
saying
again
heart
his
in him
pp.
spend
that
of
mind
on
to
The
drew
returned
climate
saw
prietor
pro-
desired.
Captain
as
; he
in the
she
way
necessary,
the
wedding
1841,
Miss
was
landed
won
found
described
life, especially
time, the
fine
accident
years."
two
he
So
Learmonth,
time
manner
She
day.
every
said, quite
they
after
in
engaged.
were
this
and
great
so
wise, Christian, sympathising
impaired
colony.
won't
her
attractive
after
a
"
help
much
and
day
met
sick
been
smile
needed
After
that
at
was
to
up
lady
large
the
in
there
him
Thomas
become
who
but
of
daughter
had
he
young
and
came
and
give
The
young
living
she
would
his
home,
poor
moment
told
in Tasmania.
heart
who
this
and
introduced,
the
Australia,
sick
girl
then
own
said
to
life of
her
in
girl"
who
He
Christian
if God
that
marry
gentle
;
mind
gentleman
Her
her
his
know."
was
was
Learmonth,
family
once
At
town.
you
as
saw
Beecher
introduce
to
you
the
to
Cottoa
would
in
his
the
up
Elizabeth
Esq.,
kind
Captain
gift, he
to
she
blessing
and
of
like
really
devoted
outskirts
going
am
day
they
Beecher,
Captain
self*denying, earnest,
what
friend,
One
Town.
them.
panion
com-
subsequently
he
Hobart
host, Captain
his
towards
Now
'*
whom
of
with
lady coming
young
in
again
23
cherished,
which
through
was
the
loving,
the
true,
scene
every
Captain
he
the
days,
remaining
TOWN
HOBART
AT
MEETING
that
was
in
that
the
alone,
longer
necessary
island,
month.
and
but
only
rest
for
the
and
him.
for
stay
short
in
the
October,
marriage
took
COTTON
ARTHUR
SIR
24
"
After
another
and
Captain
made
suitable
wish,"
for
mention
should
as
into
of
to
read
it may
not
two
of
God
themselves,
are
nothing
but
directed
in
hear
what
The
first
the
His
"
that
We
found
could
want.
home
have
"
here
arranged
the
's,adjoining
it, is capable
that
of
of
once,
complete
and
put
There
is
irrigate.
and
garden
body
to
for
small
full
have
can
able
one
at
cottage
cation
qualifito
take
engine
ready
al-
begin
once
cultivation
Mr.
of
every
be
we
time,
some
farm
nearly
and
everything
has
shall
we
as
in
for
prepare
little
It
together,
us
truth.'
trouble
house
has
I believe
I wanted.
Let
the
with
take
irrigation, and
are
"
us,
Parsonage.
it at
possession
to
to
without
this
in
remain
can
almost
for
provided
we
thing required."
first
is the
them
with
about
the
armour
day.
round
something
men,
but
which
climates,
(in Tasmania)
ready
We
girt
correspondent
same
arrived
hot
great
preserve
evil
of
sorts
being
to
the
in
loins
in
wind
strength
that
whole
anything
can
God-"
was
all
of
from
armour
your
is done
is to
the
to
Having
far
stand
can
favour
we
why
the
for
"
If
you.
there
seek
or
books:
you
light
so
no
of
armour
'
thing
Again,
that
Word"
it is
the
one
ourselves,
unto
the
to
eyes
vain
so
it ; for
support
with
to
help
we
of
judge
can
you
occur
Take
things which,
"
fatigues,
great
our
about
you
silver, when
with
'
time,
ideas
first-rate
to
Naturally
ourselves
arm
as
but
told
this
at
remind
to
perhaps
side
13).
vi.
health, shutting
armour
its
**
far
so
and
him
by
reading.
none
pockets
by
(Eph.
things
well,
to
our
gold
armour'
be
treasury,
fill
we
heap
on
voyaging
daughter,
Cotton's
Cotton,
Captain
you
this,
led
were
D"
little
Captain
Christian's
would
it
ascertain,
gives
for
writes
that
thing,
and
India, their
letters, written
One
made.
books
''
of
Tasmaniai
in
spent
to
presence
from
extracts
be
"
returned
the
by
half"
old.
Two
may
Cotton
Mrs.
happier
months
and
year
with
to
fruit
trees."
There
the
first
year
of
the
married
life
of
my
pareuts
in
spent
was
back
to
father's
incidents,
some
his
marriage,
of
which
have
gathered
25
My
happiness.
great
which
various
into
narrative
will
happened
voyages
"
of
LIFE
MARRIED
EARLY
one
now
prior
and
chapter.
journeys,
go
to
my
all
CHAPTER
Arthur
SEVENTY
unhurried
years
days
father's
My
be
overland
in
sojourned
the
most
has
left
Arthur's
letter
water
letters
of
some
his
life.
He
relatives,
his
to
Holy
caravan,
made
of
zagged
zig-
the
Arab
an
and
In
travel-experiences.
travelling
they
to-day
the
of
are
in
of
mode
But
charms.
it
have
taken
lease
of
boat
travel
for
journeying
bordered
is
such
probable
his
life.
an
ailing
From
easy
that
bride
Bruges,
96
fitted
Yet
and
Robert
to
my
kept
had
father
in
This
many
of
manner
Browning
sunny
the
up.
it
quiet
way
by
and
trees
well
unknown.
by
Bruges
to
with
extremely
now
reached
Namur,
thence
proceeded
handsomely
order,
from
was
had
He
canal,
beautiful
new
of
first
Ostend.
broad
not
his
the
interest.
special
of
glimpses
of
and
visited
with
an
traveller
Our
friendships
number
circumstances
altered
is
in
more
from
Brindisi,
Bagdad,
at
valued
and
record,
entertaining
of
and
Persia
once
vastly
way.
desert
and
rest
contemplate
Switzerland,
and
return.
the
differed
to
were
to
eager
calmly
the
Syrian
lasting
on
of
rest
the
crossed
was
London
France
through
Land,
from
the
likely
by
he
things
Those
never
which
India,
to
all
journeying
are
could
he
run
conceivable.
England
in
take
to
re-established
Yet
rapid
possible
now
days
was
found
Traveller
was
is
such
journey
days'
two
it
than
work.
at
as
ago
health
he
recreation
to
Cotton
leisurely
more
III
Italy
travelled
could
and
to
28
""
to
Englishmen
see
dress
and
From
twenty-five
he
miles
in
which
has
fine
nothing,
not
hundred
yards
smaller."
he
well
with
The
for
eyes,
was
thing
every-
comparing
three
in
as
India
general,
in
possible, and,
here
river
is
much
of
standard
in
the
treats
them
as
the
do
authority
in
is
seven
nearly
Pasha
all
to
the
are
was
country,
branch
with
; the
the
hundred
everything
and
says,
size, the
other
Englishmen
"
of
of
point
the
and
he
Nile,
the
to
hundred
one
surface
the
from
broad,
remarks
as
it
as
by canal,
of
voyage
days.
than
circumstances
same
effect, but, in
more
Still
India,
six
level
full, and
"nearly
his
again
proceeded,
Cairo, after
to
in
place
own
India/
Alexandria
; thence
beauties
their
of
miserable
town,
"many
like
ashamed
Christians
The
however,
looked
Nile
and
customs."
then, had,
COTTON
ARTHUR
SIR
same."
Of
the
frequently
is
felt
remarks,
could
that
no
stand
'
not,
they
is
of
have
and
it, both
stupendous
other
in
their
imagined
of
unless
so
that
observe.
perceive
The
high.
sion
illuI
that, though
Pyramids
kind,
similar
possible
it
feet
the
respecting
objects
is," he
moment,
extraordinary
so
There
would
for
so
There
neighbourhood,
forty
or
"
as
twice
thirty
complete
them.
compare
or
once
above
were
so
to
quite independent,'
except
heard
had
which
disappointment
diminutiveness.
apparent
high ground
"
the
expresses
their
to
as
with
nothing
they
he
Pyramids
had
also
and
could
not
it
experienced
myself."
I
was
wrote
travelling
Your
"
treat
to
us
letter
both.
recollections
of
travels
not
were
as
the
Egypt,
in
of
March
Your
father
desert
air
made
He
yours.
wonders
in
you
and
are
has
no
when
this
came
such
mother
my
morning
"
such
lovely, delightful,
life, although
desert
such
under
had
1894,
comfortable
opportunity
seeing, having
to
either
keep
his
stances
circumof
ing
see-
with
his
delta
to
caravan."
Arthur
Alexandria.
Cotton
He
returned
carefully
through
examined
the
the
Nile
system
of
irri-
INTERNATIONAL
AN
there
gation
in
employed,
in
1833.
party
of
it
the
that
"
observes,
alike."
much
languages
visitors
this
place/*
roundabout
and
lands
upon
before
passed
me
experienced
refuge
wretched
weather
so-called
Holy
and
Lies
"
'*
every
in which
the
vicinity
convent
for
paid
Saviour
where
place
where
I went
saw
at
to
the
price
alone
God
Saviour
our
declared
the
the
the
Dead
time
will
of
top of the
Sea,
meet
the
has
again
His
Mount
most
in
appear,
of
travellers
found
there
in
the
on
of
saying:
step."
every
fire
here,
that
visible
as
was
from
the
indeed,
this
our
is
the
shape, and
positively
it is full of interest
Olives
decided
for
abominations"
issue
Ascension,
had
they
at
to
especially
stayed
these
that
dwelt
glad
the
you
forgiveness,
my
Mount
Jerusalem,
pretended
of
in
commented
near
remembering
passed
had
and
by
so
he
was
which
of
variety
remarkable
from
idolatry
the
to
different
Himself
God
He
and
Carmel
Mount
''forgetting
adds,
''and
of
days.
at
"
was
mountain,
two
and
(alluding especially
Sepulchre),
the
Places
he
place
hand
of
at
the
Lord
our
of
want
take
to
says
storm,
on
absurdities
However,"
knew
tremendous
in
were
no
Afterwards
He
; almost
the
In
appeared."
Damascus.
^we
Jaffa, and
to
coast
inn
an
Latin, Greek,
is
ditour
where
transaction
some
the
making
to
so
Italian,
Jerusalem.
to
Samaria,
Carmel,
enter
route
had
; such
father
"
occasion
Spanish,
along
voyaged
party
found
young
at
us
brother^
We
Hindustani
and
through
and
English,
French,
to
The
continues
"
my
see
all
not
sisting
con-
Irishman
an
Trad,
to
came
were
us,
Arabic,
for
we
He
among
Hebrew,
if
who
4,
Danish
hodge-podge,"
this
Arab
an
Syria,
Michael
and
of
Jerusalem,
Bs^dad,
with
for
January
on
to
to
way
acquainted
was
asked
road
his
Dutchman,
proceed
to
on
thoroughly
"and
Syrian;
Pole
young
there
brig, arriving
formed
was
Malta,
at
times
tion
irriga-
to
embarked
be
Alexandria
at
Italian
an
missionary
so
detention
long
Beyrout
on
inferior
it far
found
and
29
India.
After
born
PARTY
; on
mark
one
that
side
God
I
is
ARTHUR
SIR
30
unconcerned
not
Jerusalem,
of
the
the
Maronite
its
had
which
the
Michael,
and
they
greatest
of
way
them
travelled
less
the
there
first
rule
friend,
the
death
helpful
of the
tact
and
kindly
and
in
ing
smooththe
was
his
left
father
my
party,
himself
Skinner
has
to
on
the
joined
Major
than
company
Somewhere
Arabs
roadmaker,
been
mark
has
on
left
they
Assad
monastery
there.
were
been
in
be
to
fanatical
during
Captain
at
Shidiak,
for
his
young
suffered
faith, and
English
his
but
had
Skinner
in
Prankish
city
lawless
Pasha's
disturbance
no
executed
was
Cotton's
visit.
heard
his
that
persecution
actually
merchant
state,
Ibrahim
party
much
party
Major
very
Michael
Damascus,
had
the
felt, and
the
of
head
orders
into
outbreak,
an
beginning
The
ride
had
of
fears
to
and
the
and
Jerusalem,
Cotton
Captain
country
in
spent
Europeans
was
Ibrahim's
While
as
emphatically
had
were
occurred.
by
this
in
be
making
the
and
deltas.
The
clothes.
with
amiable
missionaries.
taking
pleasant, ready,
Probably
Damascus.
to
his
himself
who,
weeks
Some
strong
by
aries
mission-
very
might
Michael
the
the
Jerusalem
to
Skinner
Major
interpreter.
as
in
on
the
of the
Nicolayson,
the
of
book
of
of
was
of
one
truth
teaching
Cotton
great
appointment
the
some
in
of
an
journey
together,
them
to
only
Indian
and
Jerusalem,
officer
Ceylon
were
joined
had
member
was
was
tendencies
He
written
to
the
Captain
difficulties.
English
went
attached
ingratiating
over
on
who
travellers
missionaries
received
Michael,
who
use
other,
consequence
decided
held
had
and
that
had
the
Mr.
had
who
and
missionary,
to
way
he
the
the
himself
but
much
and
Damascus,
the
on
whom
as
Lebanon,
thought
was
with
like
influence
told
disposition
in
of
one
Christianity.
simplicity,
His
subject
It
of
monastery,
in
gospel
the
of
the
on
the
state,
that
interested,
Shidiak,
families
old
degraded
stated
adoption
friend, Assad
doing, and,
are
gentleman,
much
towards
its
in
been
Syrian
were
we
Saviour."
already
young
Syria
what
showing,
rejecting
It has
in
COTTON
been
in
put
the
in
to
city.
IN
MURDERED
named
Todd,
laid
the
him
an
soldiers
vain
been
and
told
buried.
him
would
and
place,
when
the
as
take
God
eat
drink
nor
He
rests.
time
Todd.
has
had
this
seen
the
house
"
the
escort
will
We
of
curse
faithful
His
vant"
ser-
have
been
had
he
but
captive,
as
monks
the
they might
that
hope
about
to
of
broken
The
was
up,
the
to
been
which
on
murder
your
been
deliver
to
in
walled
being
reply
and
Todd
Todd
refreshments
latter's
The
Mr.
work.
their
offering
to
in
friend, and
had
still
stones
finished
had
Mr.
to
the
body,
subservient,
There
in
the
out
fever
Mr.
wall
the
off
of
been
took
the
and
loved
had
he
tery,
monas-
them
came
his
He
where
out
monk
been
alive.
kept
workmen
as
neither
in which
pointed
most
well
niche
time
and
to
had
Todd
died
had
old
one
Shidiak
the
some
down
were
that
show
for
last
At
the
putting
Shidiak
saying
excuses,
offered
once
to
Mr.
monks
the
place,
at
direct
went
admittance.
the
distress, and
who
Pasha,
He
cavalry.
searched
had
Ibrahim
demanded
with
he
of
escort
31
by Michael's
moved
before
matter
and
much
was
MONASTERY
been
time
some
dead.
From
Bagdad,
Sherif
be
for
and
the
the
them,
journey
they
courtesy
of
charge
gladly
sheikh,
from
caravan
remarkable
and
took
both
man,
until
who
had
and
in
travelled
they
interest
great
in
the
brought
and
with
that
so
party
them
put
knew
he
thus
was
who
manners,
horses,
in
large
He
returning.
India
sold
were
recently
appearance
to
This
one.
Bey
The
was
to
begged
all arrangements
dangerous
most
accepted.
Bagdad,
frequently
there
being
to
when
horses,
Pasha,
make
and
proceed
to
and
Ibrahim
escort
an
planned
camels
for
under
governor
provide
to
had
party
arranging
were
Bey,
allowed
had
the
Damascus
remaining
Europeans,
placed
under
his
charge.
They
to
sleep
Captain
reached
at
his
in
Bagdad
own
Cotton
Groves,
Mr.
Pamell
Cronin
had
been
the
house
went
safety.
to
first
the
(afterwards
for
two
or
The
night
Mission
Lord
three
sheikh
The
House,
took
morning
next
where
Congleton),
years*
them
and
Mr.
Mr
SIR
3i
The
letter
details
of
his
mother,
to
May
as
My
dear
last
After
small
here
tribes
the
are
in
caravan,
it
enormous
that
caravan
to
him,
travellers
for
principal
Bagdad
the
and
so
before
saw
And
the
had
he
of
tedium
less
with
The
camels,
its
own
twenty
warm
twelve
I
sun,
made
never
to
great
for
men
by
like
native
the
and
us
ence,
dependnever
we
brothers.
and
sons
our
committed
fourteen
or
caravan
Syria
of
point
hours
day
in
journey
what
able
unavoid-
the
that, excepting
so
an
than
sum
smallest
the
in
on
life
my
annoyance.
contained
caravan
into
divided
sheik,
on
and
twelve
there
and
with
men
mounted
locks,
fail
the
placed
their
in
dressed
were
of
the
demand
of
Damascus
cared
been
with,
sitting
we
they
well
as
not
charged
that
Pasha
whom
of
consented
larger
of
had
we
did
sheik
in
if
last
The
on
started
we
been
camels
sheik
at
much
pay
merchants
as
to
camels.
our
of
care
condition
on
had
we
sheik
the
However,
the
us
would
head
the
in
Arab
riches
discovered
they
make
of
it, for the
had
that
expected
have
We
unwillingness
comparative
they
tribute, and
as
accompanying
to
that, if
marching,
difficulty
our
accompany
we
with
26th*
of
the
the
advice,
hard
the
be.
might
as
in company
days'
cause
us
of
be
to
was
responsible.
on
making
am
of
pieces
on
was
let
sensible
general
and
rapidly
3rd April,
real
see
you
so
health
the
Damascus
sum
Arabs,
not
the
in excellent
so
Franks
so
contradictory
from
away
of
sheik
and
place, on
discovered
getting
Damascus,
and, after twenty-four
caravan,
since
full, and
in
justifiesquotation
India, though
delays
arrived
we
Bagdad
from
sent
in
"
left that
length
at
found
be
to
are
father
my
than
dated
was
many
journey
"
towards
progress
desert
more
Mother,
My
COTTON
which
It
follows:
was
the
1833.
II,
ARtHUR
them,
dromedaries,
rode
two
or
six
about
or
were
twenty
armed
three
fourteen
or
swords
in
under
hundred
one
thirty
with
miles
each
parties,
perhaps
or
hundred
seven
of
and
whom
were
and
match*
front,
or
on
the
EXPERIENCES
DESERT
flanks, according
desert
the
attack
to
camels
than
whole
in
When
were
spread
over
in
breadth,
but
body
bales
of
learnt
goods,
that
the
However,
till
feed
great
(which
of
of
banks
the
consider
The
wherever
halt
camels
they
not
like
they
as
find
did
they
plants)
excepting
on
there
where
We
without
things
aromatic
their
night.
at
which
on
we
on
to
that
go,
such
Euphrates,
time
continued
day
chiefly strong
were
being
them
they
as
no
abundance
after
till after
day,
was
nags.
from
sometimes
there
with
meet
the
and
far
or
as
pared
com-
roses
our
little
had
we
sunrise, and
part of the
and
pasture,
to
before
sunset,
near
that
suppose
near
started
of
slept
which
and
pinks
bedchamber
hours,
were
of
the
close
as
from
more
party
quite
them
amongst
garden
may
twelve
we
usually
is
whole
packing
the
sight
in
were
the
night
camels
all
we
desert
you
for
whether
and
stable
with
backs
At
the
space,
sometimes
Arabs
when
of
apprehended,
was
great space,
kept tcêthen
small
very
danger
no
Arabs
the
they expected
them.
mile
where
to
33
literally
was
nothing.
At
the
time
and
beauty,
flowers
prized
in
would
be
camels
require
and
ours
two
wells, which
camels
would
you
think
; I
did
did
and
camels
respect, for when

them
the
that
was
well
we
be
I could
spread
they
are
them
as
to
they
looked
perceive
over
be
the
so
the
navy
passed
had
for
no
he
could
of
the
they
vessels
illusion
of
for them,
at
was
we
LiUiput,
compass,
the
by
and
in
sun.
one
any
saw
still
beyond
distance
when
the
straight
Desert,
were
only
as
as
perfect plain
ships, however,
the
The
came
difference, and
horizon,
to
as
while
like
England.
streams,
sheik
Ships
a
and
no
called
belonging
called
on
us,
the
which
We
caravan
well
as
were
approaching
horizon,
jthat
feet
of
of
variety
food
days.
greatest
of
is green
beds
the
water,
their
may
there
the
in
were
in
garden
it for twenty
taste
need
steered
so
The
of
when
the
at
fifty,half
seen
flower
any
its
in
was
surprised
have
must
possible, considering
as
desert
be
water
no
not
not
the
crossed,
we
at
the
sea
mirage
complete.
consider
must
for
whole
our
If
SIR
34
of
carried
only
caravan
hundred
one
"flat"
though
thinly,
where
rich
quite
aromatic
was
so
to
of
vegetation
got
of
covered,
soil
in
to
as
some
appear
accustomed
little
succession
gravelly
of
than
more
plants, excepting
much
had
that
eyes
little
sea,
chiefly
ground,
with
there
by
convey
of
vessel
single one-masted
as
first consisted
at
undulations
very
spots
would
desert
gentle
very
much
as
tons
The
COTTON
ARTHUR
the
to
desert
Towards
the
without
extent,
knoll
rising
like
plant
half
man
leaving
not
like
me.
without
walls
of
great
of
Bagdad,
full,and
though
be
about
it
disappointment
tell you
camels,
retreated
neither
of
One
and
the
party
spring,
not
On
house,
so
delight
of
house
little trouble
with
again,
which
and
day
we
were
seventeen
and
we
rode
about
late
of
bridge
the
on
and
sixty
quite
desert,
our
the
and
for,
was
Bagdad,
at
next
found
boats, and
I cannot
oiu-selves
the
from
a
to
Between
journey,
our
sheltered
came
missionaries.
found
we
to
vegetation
slept,
we
camel
; it was
real
of
blade
where
We
broad.
arriving
Tigris by
the
passed
a
per
boats
fiftyyards
the
within
living
pass.
it in
peaceful
very
tribute
they
crossed
we
in
fixed
Tigris
his
the
pay
and
parts.
of
present
at
which
hundred
had
countrymen
last
they
through
welcome
the
pose
sup-
peaceable
march.
precipitation
are
one
to
we
to
army,
not
may
you
the
on
were
whom
flood, and
crossed
Though
which
Pasha's
caravan
of
many
us
parties
two
in great
and
in
in
took
hearty
the
bitter
and
was
seen
morning
our
Arabs,
in
Euphrates
the
sheik
of
our
tribes
Euphrates
to
camp
did
we
us.
part
strange
and
foot
days,
or
Ibrahim
molest
three
two
property
leaders
tribe,
of
height
the
to
of
flower
the
was
saw
grew
met
for
us
to
The
very
We
their
oflered
the
which
we
Damascus
took
that
or
highest
The
level.
general
plant
places.
some
was
them
the
kind
any
the
great
very
not
unevenness,
above
single standing
see
foot
of
plains
passed
we
smallest
rhubarb,
in
After
the
one
of
vegetable
Euphrates
half
miles,
from
among
On
sun.
hours
on
which
our
you
SIR
36
required
ever,
Colonel
indeed,
been
not
received
will
Bombay
fear
to
would
which
without
of
for
Pashalik
and
India
Company
organize
there
that
is
every
man's
where
other
Among
ment
of
and
the
Bagdad,
of
trust
you
are
you,
but
wish
Army
Madras
the
a
of
end
as
word
the
it is not
known
of
none
different
the
in
nothing
the
can
ment
govern-
Euphrates,
river
with
completely
line
expeditious
I
India
and
hope
when
as
left
rather
discovered
officers
and
in
the
cities, can
any
in
the
privates,
but
here
Resident
the
trust
the
is
one
in
ment,
govern-
country,
open
disturbances
getting
to
time
Ireland.
of
mutiny
respect
from
long
accounts
Our
tribes
arrived
lately
been
native
without
so
establish^^
thereby
wretched
; whenever
settled
has
have
in the
East
it
here.
Arab
the
that
prosperity,
position with
parties
least
be
the
the
countries
the
on
to
serious
very
is
and
easy
public
neighbour.
Pasha,
the
know
bring
among
this
settled
connect
letters
extraordinary
most
of
been
has
There
to
and
they
They
road.
the
on
from
of
miserable
boats
most
health
but
Constantinople,
long
arrangement
and
his
England
of
the
strong
of
the
packet
so
superintend
contemplation
could
be
Directors
to
canal
in
the
steam
from
all
large
of
expense
communication
at
; but
Director
to
against
in
line
establishingîsas
of
we
letters,
my
I should
in these
is
works
the
at
and
of
hand
cutting
then
people
away
the
to
officers
established
regular
Office
sent
that
consented
hope
again
and
disappointment
made
troops,
some
and
I think
their
have
being
excepting,
here,
Post
grievous
been
of
some
works
kindness
us
Esdraelon,
and
you
has
application
shew
to
the
up,
little did
hearing
An
me
very
How
not
that
given
be
of
quartered
Christians
England
plains
now
have
have
redress,
instantaneous
begin
for.
from
in the
friends
our
provided
agreed
hearty reception.
would
taken
have
we
us
also
have
to
give
to
Resident,
appear
step
every
hope
the
had
we
Mussulmans
introduction
no
Taylor,
if
us,
COTTON
ARTHUR
or
another's
break
Resident
out,
to
be
MISSIONARY
the
to
party
confidence
for him
interfered
the
settle
Pashalik,
without
established.
of
nation
of
My
next
bless
and
never
saw
to
who
enabled
was
enjoyed
of
his
in
of
here
the
is
by
whatever,
power
mind
The
nation, being
of
instance
an
the
midst
of
men.
all the
love
the
Resident,
all parts
striking
so
letter, I hope, will

and
is
that
single upright
faithless
you,
kindest
in
and
put
bloodshed.
outward
any
have
he
and
further
peace
rebelled,
the
conspirators,
character,
personal
effect
upon
little
man
firmly
called
place repeatedly
what
entire
most
Bagdad
certainly
without
that
his
the
the
taken
solely
in
would
not
business
so
of
means
he
with
has
thing
same
had
the
Frank.
people
and
Palace,
death
to
the
of
37
have
they
word
bare
ago
the
Pasha
to
the
months
attacked
and
agreement,
in
Some
FRIENDSHIPS
from
be
members
of
Bombay.
the
God
May
I send
family,
my
one.
every
Ever
affectionate
most
your
Son,
Arthur.
One
their
homes
Mr.
another
letter
Henry
Groves's
him
this
at
They
by
the
But
so
ill
he, and
of
the
was,
Henry,
in
account
an
and,
sleeping
Mission
in
to
with
House.
Mr.
Bombay.
to
1833,
21,
illness
at
Congleton
Lord
was
father, referring
my
dangerous
late
letter,
arrival
May
on
very
The
have
so
about
however
opinion
husband,
kind
your
anything
He
Gulf.
speaking,
was
him
Bagdad
father's
the
of
accompanied
my
the
to
but
were
Bushire,
wrote
to
"
for
humanly
roof
the
on
in
remembers
he
says
father
my
Cotton's
quite recently,
from
Persian
Groves:
Mrs.
"
time
son,
Captain
death,
started
detained
on
written
afterwards
Groves
His
notices
welcomed
mentioned
as
Groves.
N.
mission,
the
who
Bagdad,
at
Anthony
of
missionaries
the
of
that
got
(as
his
through
his
I doubt
death.
near
the
Captain
Cotton
illness
if he
would
at
can
not,
Bushire,
ber
remem-
matter."
he
afterwards
grave
was
informed
dug.
*'
his
friends),
Michael/'
Mrs,
38
SIR
Groves
"
times
at
About
at
and
master
thought
of
the
his
Resident
visited
his
After
journeys
made
which
these
journeys
the
who
He,
man
who
the
the
British
his
funeral
that
he
"
had
of
time
arrived
ever
his
setting
and
Bombay,
at
much
cheaply
in
conclusion
of
near
Madras,
his
on
sick
will
his
India
manner
observations
he
country
visited,
and
of
be
work
in
the
Red
broke
health
leave,
due
for
of
Hills
long, tedious,
At
course.
and
down,
so
means
construction
noticed
on
would
provide
the
the
against
canals
because
charge
had
the
his
strongly
so
goods
carry
which
during
days
practical
turn
the
declaimed
railways
railway,
of
Australia
visited
the
to
desirable.
them
himself
cultivation,
and
refer
to
far-away
to
benefit
afterwards
more
The
taken,
which
in
He
endeavoured
to
of
Tasmania
only
father.
my
were
the
construction
small
remark
place
once.
to
reference
the
by
traveller
knowledge
a
to
Cotton
be
may
Mauritius
render
of
charge
from
Captain
and
and
of
escort
years
Tanjore.
to
which
months
twelve
thrice
in
thirty
used
often
the
that
grave."
own
This, perhaps,
other
had
had
himself
England
returned
and
the
could
he
name
him
of
father
was
about
from
out
at
recognised
was
whose
informed
command
My
he
his
broken-hearted
Cotton
gentleman,
who
in
was
arrangements.
supposed
by
Bushire,
at
of
circumstances
almost
Arthur
Sir
1863,
but
he
previously
was
death."
year
remember,
not
attendance,
his
in
the
by
friend, and
public meeting
faithful
most
overpowered
quite
beloved
the
though
says,
COTTON
ARTHUR
Railway,
he
to
went
in
voyage
those
days.
On
at
Hobart
with
the
his
arrival
in
Here
Town.
experiments
attracting
such
has
even
engine
on
of
precursor
the
he
immediately
to
attention.
establish
itself.
probably
engine,
which
But
The
at
down
himself
occupied
steam
turbine,
steam
settled
temporarily
centrifugal
widespread
yet
he
Tasmania
present
the
real
idea
of
is
rotary
a
rotary
BURSTING
THE
OF
BOILER
39
engine,
believe,
certainly
when
it
quality
and
himself.
made
in
was
the
"
there
was
could
he
which
of
boiler
^the
"
working
its
obtain
explosion,
an
with
he
engine
studying
unhappily
one
This
own.
Whilst
motion,
only
his
entirely
was
poor
burst,
boiler
him
injured
most
severely.
In
and
view
of the
injured
both
them,
but
revolutions
all
his
this
accident,
cold
he
life he
sufTered
It
of
he
age
light, active,
and
stead,
his
For
walk,
not
frame
of
foot.
on
climbing,
caused
the
or
His
in
him
mind
or
that
seventy
was
stood
of
of
result
the
he
distances
habit
hotel
an
he
moved,
lived
in
from
miles
Derwent,
and
there
much
to
help
his
about
the
good
him
to
of
exploring
'
The
For
in
months
eight
base
the
while
the
plants
sides
of
unknown-
in
great,
Then
he
brings
lies at
in
its
at
the
foot
England
and
became
he
who
the
of
did
scenery
able
"
of
be
to
driven
the
amongst
the
about
the
guest
much
a
tipped
miles
red, and
charm
in
the
first
the
its
growth
yellow
to
that
family
to
with
along
luxurious
most
in
size
Wellington.
is
two
The
India.
of
Mount
mountain
blue, and
improved
considerable
of
foot
with
or
the
the
for
and
kinds
many
bank
is, perhaps,
vessels
year
covered
are
the
beautiful
was
which
gentleman,
be
to
world.
which
Town,
snow,
He
able
was
on
the
recovery
river* Derwent
Hobart
and
rest
of
Town
Hobart
lay dangerously
he
house
the
neighbourhood,
lovely
most
When
Town.
to
he
accident
the
Hobart
invited
was
few
after
weeks
many
ill in
was
for
country.
new
of
fifty
him
fatigued him,
after
even
wiry
hours
of
one
and
from
less
burst
of
could
he
which
long
go
energetic
long
boiler
compensated
or
walker
and
the
mistic
opti-
interesting fact, however,
an
could
figure
greatly enjoy
is
usual
hundred
one
work
after
his
flesh
the
months
more
great
off
result
many
especially
always
years
For
Yes,
**
getting
This
minute."
weather.
was
in'
took
legs, taking
my
he
by saying
event
sufferings
all his
misfortune
succeeded
and
in
this
describing
quite
"
invalid
change.
centre
of
and
he
took
plains,
about
sixteen
he
ness
of
Hobart
and
walking,
and
and
genial,
intimately.
South
and
for
Pole
arrived
and
Terror^
Erebtis
enjoying
the
society
the
community
of
Crozier
where
commanders
and
the
grief
of
strenuous
few
his
years
there
more
once
so
to
serious
that
upon.
children
It
were
so
going
l^reak
the
Once
work.
more
This
the
Sir
greatly
those
of
so
by
had
the
Government
with
the
the
to
latter
valued
who
at
for
and
the
much
sailed
Captain
North
Pole,
of
sorrow
many
nation.
breakdown
in
Engineer
a
the
in
society
John,
in the
Godavari
obliged
Australia
and
health,
leave
to
mined
deter-
was
alone.
not
was
Delta,
father's
my
was
to
voyage
he
time
with
from
The
toil
devoted
Wife
and
him.
that
happened
direct
was
the
ships,
John
Crozier,
was
perished,
of
The
Sir
the
to
together
constantly
ships,
two
same
[both
friends
men
later
years
1839
fellow-midshipmen
expedition.
them
him
House.
of
close
Captain
Christian
many
the
and
and
with
waters.
old
him
explorer.
months.
his
meeting
Not
House.
old
large, especially by
at
opportunity
of
knew
who
expedition
some
the
and
fine
John
Government
at
anchored
Ross
James
scientific
many
to
kind-hearted,
favourite
Tasmanian
there
commanded
whom
the
to
were
stayed
of
often
was
in
and
Sir
power
Sir
"
those
great
India, the
Derwent,
friends.
kind*
returned
Tasmania
island
by
was
attached
left
he
again
the
months
to
the
beloved
Franklin,
Before
of
father
My
warmly
was
where
recovered
some
visit
first
his
much
man,
Lady
after
Norfolk
to
hospitality and
gradually
governor
was
north,
India.
of
time
Franklin
He
He
Town
the
and
foigot
never
riding
At
residents, whose
cheering.
Launceston,
from
miles
Christian
found
he
the
novel
Christian
the
and
helpful
towards
him
but
beautiful,
interests, while
always
was
move
farther
different
enjoyed
less
was
scenery
full of
peculiar,
society
the
where
island,
the
COTTON
ARTHUR
SIR
40
Madras
journey
at
at
this
to
time
there
Melbourne,
Mauritius,
and
we
so
he
vessel
no
was
decided
sailed
for
to
that
VISIT
who
had
relatives, who
command
the
half-caste
41
family,
the
occupied
of
captain
tion
conglomera-
queer
cabin
stem
to
next
own.
arrived
We
of
capital
The
the
the
lively
the
strains
strains
come
We
to
our
of
for
place
hot
very
went
few
the
to
the
to
prostrated
but
arrived
the
from
revive, and
the
had
to
the
there
of
four
house
of
us
it would
father
used
telescope
property,
down
restored
island
for
of
one
to
carry
us
disappear
and
be
us
as
could
we
there
the
we
it returned
saw
health
began
to
that
so
we
we
were
distances.
which
to
of
its
on
three
its
and
or
back
then
together.
look
adjoined
tortoise's
one
that
Now
days
Louis
Port
near
by riding
morning
from
he
before
large
so
for
away
the
illness,
severe
him,
to
friends
long
lake
his
quite
was
Australia.
our
Sunday
one
across]
and
least
at
ones
cottage
to
ourselves
amuse
of
our
tortoise,
It would
called
we
"
brook
running
father
returned
soon
enormous
an
together.
and
the
result
the
him
seeing
leave
was
this
occupied
which
of
we
finding
we
a
my
entered
we
strength
of
joy
obliged
At
his
wel*
First
younger
banks
the
as
that
day
where
the
"
Mauritius
at
weakness
with
the
flowers.
wild
we
came
was
oppressive
most
Pipe,
we
on
there
then,
by fields,with
and
some
then
months.
two
being
which
in
standing,
playing
ears
on
man-of-war
was
Louis
Cure
of
wade,
to
gather lovely
When
Port
surrounded
house,
delighted
"
for
climate
village
lovely cottage
close
the
"
poised
Queen."
the
at
is
British
devoted
Mauritius
days
anchorage,
and
whose
feature
; its band
our
Save
at
to
loyal
God
"
anchor
at
drew
we
remained
stayed
remarkable
"
ships
as
and,
pause,
rock
anchored
were
which
rock
night.
mountain
high
round
ships
; many
does, quite alone.
mountain
among
was
with
beautiful
lovely moonlight
Botte,
Peter
another
of
point
as
of
shadow
the
Louis,
Port
on
impressive
is crowned
summit
of
island,
most
was
the
harbour
in the
beautiful
sight
under
under
being
board
on
of
our
ship
the
island,
MAURITIUS
TO
head
My
through
our
friend's
bobbing
up
solitary rambles.
swimming
to
us
heard
creature
tortoise
same
along carrying
unexpectedly
From
Mauritius
mother's
pleasure
leisure
and
pains
greatest
subject
could
we
him,
where
are
the
spent
we
fresh
to
ing
draw-
Thus
for
of
notorious
the
on
mid-day
every
ramble
at
kindliness
to-day
memory
take
day's
at
was
would
out
and
interest
information
us
my
esting
inter-
many
He
He
exceeding
my
with
stay
great
us.
hours
his
the
men.
had
our
give
heated
in
in
six
we
When
revealing
as
exhibited
time
with
and
us
but, in
corroborated.
but
understand.
incidents
which
teach
to
this
I found
companionship.
constantly
of
story,
day,
its back
this
father's
was
other
this
Australia
experiences,
our
was
the
on
to
During
curious
tell
was
went
we
relatives.
and
with
description
our
who
times
some-
size
enormous
of, but
only spoken
not
it walked
as
life
Keppel's
have
water.
the
on
those
by
of
piece
thrown
described
Admiral
reading
this
across
doubts
as
COTTON
ARTHUR
SIR
42
inn,
an
occurred
they
when
as
happened.
The
inn
rather
was
district, lonely then, but
deasely
now
in
place
that
populated,
lonely
in
being
the
neighbourhood
it for
near
who
inn
had
of
room,
drinking
On
riding
been
that
divided
saloon,
he
where
them
heard
plan
to
him
put
again.
rob
of
During
distinct,
and
You'll
He
has
This
We
nae
the
friendly
to
by
him
go
probably
out
early
heard
guid
to-day,
saved
in
the
from
and
his
man,
this
in
of
his
ever
As
he
good
bed,
and
find
him
voice
one
the
foot,
or
be
Scotch
strong
; he's
hand
out
of
seated.
were
would
he
bed
it would
one
no
at
the
on
move
him
drag
where
arrived
partition
they thought
fifty miles
word
to
and
relative
of ruffians
conversation
marked
touch
ridden
used
sight
wooden
tired
gentleman,
the
out
too
that
saying
himself
threw
The
"
rough
very
distance,
great
crowd
inn
of
name
occasion
one
only by
the
by
other
no
was
by
went
men.
lay quite prostrate,
he
It
frequented
was
exhausted
so
small
'*
and
class
desperate
ours,
miles.
many
Squeakers,"
There
of.Geelong.
clear
accent,
say:
works
hard.
he
I'll stand
by
him."
life.
mornings
to
search
for
with
that
had
subjects
taken
only
would
leads
through
ran
than
the
vast
needs
he
the
these
would
given
fortunes,
so
and
when
assume
his heart,
near
advice,
my
whole
said
and
many
versing
con-
"If
they
ago,
they
over
and
years
others
gained
thus
but
own,
He
he
But
suggestion
by
the
oasis
followed
has
was
not
house
far
himself
galloped
in
gentleman
material,
up
works
carried
which
have
and
have
that
have
rode
ground,
him.
glittering
to
him
the
pursuing
soil from
some
Before
very
as
the
he
seized
marsh.
and
much
of
our
hood.
neighbourHe
said
had
country,
was
not
home
story.
he
is
value.
the
in
luncheon.
As
and,
of
hospitable
the
half
Australia
paper
tell the
away.
In
looked
the
for
away.
Although
in
this
"Water
on
paper
185a
across
asked
threw
noticed
that
were
such
years
discovered
was
horse
marshy
kicked
left
riding
he
his
in
father
my
and
near
distant
much
gold
was
his repast
it, it had
horse
that
who
in
give
enterprise
we
heard
gentleman,
finished
after
there
I have
and
still
is
chapter
probably
passed,
soon
relations
this
to
written
there
wanting,
take
or
answer
incurred,
long
the
to
schemes
His
rivers,
the
during
knowledge
him
to
magnificent
Godavari
of
completion.
Australia,"
century
his
always
expenditure
India
appendix
an
It
in
their
could
his
much
recommended
listen
he
to
the
would
difficulty.
and
repaid
an
As
pointing
met
impart*it, down
to
the
have
from
keep
to
of
that, had
could
he
less
nor
him,
country
the
yet
Coleroon
abundantly
who
was
he
which
plans
ready
more
knowledge
the
desired
one
here
Utopian
formed
The
any
the
that
sadness
upon
remedies,
always
to
weighed
saved
never
was
detail,
on
have
of
neither
was
with
the
poverty.
considered
out
It
vein
one
always
apply
and
advice.
life.
India, coupled
and
smallest
the
to
which
to
himself.
his
his
power
his
were
to
of
needs,
allude
me
burden,
its famine
at
he
again."
This
COTTON
which
very
saved
have
over
to
look
intense
on
in
ARTHUR
SIR
44
that
stopped
After
he
had
crossing
plain
he
could
reach
found
horse, he
the
In
reins, the
this
soil the
sparkling
of
like gold.
He
some
took
HELENA"
ST.
of the
some
up
examined
fine
told
of
gold.
of
newly-found
abandoned
the
showed
covered
treasure.
there, and
the
try
Of
course,
owner
He
on
whole
tents
searching
for
had
be
farming
visited
covered
dis-
the
and
in
to
who
had
he
"
huts
moved
rode
expert,
time
luck
their
but
nothing
an
short
small
with
to
be
rightly
he
closely
more
it to
incredibly
an
45
mistake.
no
conjectured
arrived
men
the
it could
was
and
In
was
TOMB
and
thought
town
gold-field.
thousands
hand,
There
had
he
district
that
the
the
to
that
a
of
he
more
back
him
in his
earth
it the
grains
straight
NAPOLEON'S
to
another
of
part
country.
St.
Helena
was
England
some
looming
in
the
summit
ever
the
and
ship
of
the
the
reached
the
little town
It
foliage.
blue
The
seemed
heart
willow
weeping
to
rest
but
broken
fallen
like
The
weather
at
early morning
fell
during
and
through,
and
side
above
that
the
that
where
was
been
our
result
The
covered
the
very
his
of
that
We
conqueror
had
wards
afterhad
history.
brilliant, such
to
sadness
Though
changeable.
were
we
by
interests
spot.
valiant
as
charming.
most
intense
an
very
of
was,
luxuriant
ambitions
the
clothes
way
path-
passed
we
with
years
Our
most
all
but
this
on
ponies
remembered.
world-wide
Helena
had
be
it teemed
house
St.
the
railing, was
spot,
and
tomb.
were
iron
an
long, sad,
ride
from
the
slopes
mules
on
to
island
ruin
the
the
our
the
it,for
those
during
this
us
to
greener
and
precipices
life,and
into
over
was
took
down
and
day
beautiful
crumbled
went
the
towered
boat
rode
we
woods
by
over
great
lived
of
"
the
into
How
drawn
house
the
and
surrounded
tomb,
hotel,
altogether
sky
the
explored
the
beautiful
was
rock
small
to
up
Napoleon's
lay through
sailed
ship
fortress.
were
Napoleon
was.
at
of
site
brilliant
ladders
to
voyage
of
sight
steep
climbed
we
the
of
mass
be
breakfast
After
As
impregnable
scaling
first
our
an
to
our
weird, desolate-looking, rock
was
tremendous
rock, and
where
to
distance
looked
and
us
sea-girt prison.
this
harbour
we
later.
years
Buonaparte's
place
showers
heavy
soaked
myself,
tlirough
a
serious
SIR
46
illness, which
However
the
that
day
on
gained
that
began
great
something
COTTON
ARTHUR
penalty
in
in
and
day
had
we
June,
to
this
weeks.
many
for
pay
seeing
sight-
our
that
felt
always
we
visiting
for
lasted
had
we
interesting spot
most
Appendix
WATER
The
of
first
thing beyond
all
and
its storage.
This
water
future
the^whole
of
land
subject
itself
late
from
matter,
a
there
subject
terribly mischievous
the
vital
the
storage
In
point,
of
this
which
there
in
water
kept
storage
of
water
the
This
ought
have
to
Committee,
the
be
must
where
the
Not,
of
net
as
whether
stored
cost
the
for
of
one
storage
from
probable
off
attention
from
long droughts,
of
case
pound
would
experience
insignificant that
chievous,
mis-
most
was
was
distribution.
the
real
They
there
whole
but
or
be
in
storing
idea
the
merely
in
of
to
that
is, to
hindrance
real
is
that
the
question
proceedings
and
obtain
to
forming
rough
by similar
anything
cubic
could
yards
whether
ascertain
My
not
cost
about
proaching
apsuch
judgment,
or
France,
to
Australia
form
million
one
be
India
to
cost
task.
constructed,
of
India,
cannot
sent
proof
inquiries of
the
of
further
probable
the
been
sterling,
of
next
small
extremely
subject
tone
point, the
is abundant
there
of
first
very
cost
thousand
is that
been
with
course,
on
matter
by
have
estimates,
one
view
have
to
large reservoirs
works.
the
affected
ought
of
in
which,
circumstances,
America
question
attention
is
been
essentially
estimates
sole
in
because
Committee
the
to
sent
fixed
be
that
the
the
abundance.
last
at
the
should
that
in
course,
Committee
the
But, having
thing
in
been,
in
up,
months
twenty
taken
in
this
hindrance
greatly drawing
by
is, of
of
additional
an
has
one,
about
droughts
to
ledged.
acknow-
publicly
doubt
any
which
on
water.
way
the
ever
question
point,
now
Irrigation being
of
one
because
have
hangs, is
been
has
important
very
be
is this
Australia
fundamental
great
Intervals
there
the
in
others
country
moderate
at
Of
more.
or
the
could
How
AUSTRALIA
IN
will
the
be
be
the
sion,
conclu-
found
immediate
so
IRRIGATION
AUSTRALIAN
of
commencement
complete
of
system
47
whole
the
for
storage
country.
In
India
extraordinary facilities
country,
of
containing
tanks,
have
would
feet
been
contain
One,
on
high,
and
half
into
miles
three
wide, having
and
yards,
yards
of
pound
per
an
carry
acre
farthing
if in
And
be
even
in respect
only
it must
it will
of
the
the
the
instance,
formed
ten
acre,
yards
would
yards
be
would
charge
times
a
what
in
millions
of
sheep
are
view
that
of
lives
when
of
in
spite
provide food,
to
of
part
every
up,
it is
as
men,
famine
last
the
And
is filled
of
it,
of
years
in suspense
lying beside
land
of
respect
but
made
were
of
of
in
insignificant,
country
sheep,
died
that
patch
the
it would
much,
as
quite
sum
but
nine
by
miles
of
rough
built
of
with
the
the
and
with
England,
hundreds
some
of
be
it
in
storage
It must
what
of
surface
of
much
only attempt
can
of
cost
Darling.
sketch
may
the
the
of
nature
therefore,
calculating
plains
the
were
fall
cubic
be, of
might
cost,
applied
to
this
estimate
fall
of
foot
the
water
one
by
give
to
tract, for
course,
but
of
in
my
something
those
who
country.
Suppose
sand
thou-
cubic
cubic
years,
reach
figures
the
weir
for
mere
correct
know
per
Australia, and,
material
like
square
eight
of
million
the
hundred
millions
little
easy
and
one
arrangements
in
country
hands,
in
acquainted
not
am
some
of
five
million
forty thousand
be
thousand
one
of about
average
an
perished.
thousands
I
lives
where
within
sea
ordinary
question
Ireland,
would
would
^"200,000,
content
completion,
it cost
kept
vast
if
shillings
or
hundred
annum.
per
the
India,
in
grass
of
be
all the
even
to
ever
not
in
now
of
two
when
be
or,
Australia
then
drought,
interest;
acre
per
yards,
ten
occupied.
one
eight hundred
capital expended,
of
pound
per
of
yards, which
cubic
million
bund
that
sites
not
yet
long by
of
surface
depth
mean
require
miles
ninety
lake
millions
would
wards,
yards down-
many
long, costing perhaps
mile
are
the
thousands
of
cubic
there
of
face
tens
million
thousand
which
river
storing, and
while
the
of
nature
hundred
two
than
the
for
constructed,
main
from
more
converted
be
in
certainly have,
we
Darling
across
inches
circular
in
diameter.
has
it,throwing
per
mile, into
embankment
of
tank
earth
per
mile, and
into
twenty-four
ten
yards
that
with
canal
feet
deep,
high
and
SIR
48
ARTHUR
COTTON
I
Such
tank
yards
for
annum
leave
in
extreme
of
yards,
an
or
five
waterings
grass
inch
an
tropical part
one-fifth
of
the
near
million
work
with
of
is
acre
the
whole
in
the
another
Lachlan,
is
the
or
the
be
projecting
in
the
one
works
the
twelve
that
end
the
of
first
?
drought
great
the
for
of
per
year
it would
save
year.
is taken
advantage
no
rude
might
might
All
by
works, and
of
sketch
of
plains
of
the
of
one-tenth
cost
what
alluvium.
be
closed
the
mation
forthis
who
have
have
as
the
obtained
be
valleys
favourable
is
embankments
short
basins
Murray,
who
men
by
might
I suppose
What
upper
and
Mumimbudgee,
such
it.
alive
sheep
five
six hundred
upon
weir
six per
at
value
in
water
course,
the
if the
the
at
to
favourable.
question.
examined
for
shillings per sheep,
that
The
tank,
this
of
ten
works
was
as
the
keep
to
ground.
hilly country
the
in
is, of
supposing
and
year,
stones
year
cent,
per
loose
which
; or,
acre
half
value
supposes
great
great
the
the
ground
the
and
added
be
of
interest
cubic
per
it with
for
about
must
this
of
^90,000
be
kept
amount
cost
in all,the
ordinary
an
grass
only give this
done
should
also
the
where
in
be
shilling
one
^^250,000
allow
benefit, at
of
cost
of
of
other
this
But
for
be
crop
no
The
one
is always
would
Allowing
and
lo^
Australia
in
would
slope with
shillings per
to
at
this
interior
would
three
or
To
the
;î,5oo,ooo
only
water
what
year,
at
six yards,
feet
canals
and
yards, which,
may
;îo, equal
this
But
tanks
waves.
We
acres,
be
feet
the
management
thousand
in
of
sluices, or
crop
extreme
wind
five
or
annum,
The
about
allow
of
acres
per
of
be
two,
cubic
evaporation
to
may
such
of
part
uncertain.
cent
in
cubic
upper
the
and
We
;î,25o,ooo.
be
the
quite
annual
is believed
day.
per
earthwork
yard, would
bear
whole
for
million
each.
ten
tropics.
twenty-five
lining
the
country
inch
an
the
Now
the
of
and
day,
feet
yards
feet
years,
thousand
gale
two
five
two
seven
hundred
half
contain
hundred
inches
with
of
or
cubic
half
India
in
six
thousand
and
one
per
one,
square
allow
we
drought
for
for
suppose,
recorded
evaporation
for
or
if
And
water.
feet
is, one
of
eight yards
drought, giving six
that
of
fourteen
sufficient,I
or
com
half
yards
fiftymillion
and
of
depth
evaporation^
feet, it would
case
with
cubic
million
hundred
two
cover
and
ground,
of
thousand
per
would
of
well
the
as
Darling,
other
peculiar
some
the
rivers,
talent
for
knowledge
IRRIGATION
AUSTRALIAN
the
visitrng
from
subject
the
of
49
works
great
France
in
and
India,
it isy of
But
should
a
be
have
We
be
all
other
who
engineer
hurricane
the
than
from
in
great
Australia
The
tank
dry.
And
climate*
Some
comfort
my
vast
by
and
in
at
the
late
hurricane
the
an
harbour
the
expended,
fully
am
will
water
safer
assured
be
with
comparison
the
found
results
it.
and
rain
the
state
in
thus
were
country
it would
all
thousands
be
this
of
areas
wise
now
rainfall
entirely
will
be
families
almost
prescience
be
air is
greatly
with
as
modifying
the
for
vast
and
tracts
improved
so
greatly
cf
patches
India,
If
surface
moderated.
available
dew.
four
of
altogether
neighbourhood,
over
and
would
the
is
and
be
the
whole
sprinkled
would
from
considerably
water
in
air
the
be
the
evaporation
lands
would
kingdoms
the
of
round
country
annum
per
those
such
the
thousand
the
to
of
extent
from
that,
over
confined
vast
water
for
:"
is not
of
made
whole
whole
father's
in
tank
moment
be
Darling
on
that
storing
of
remarks
temperature
increasing
day
is
urge
yards
moisture,
the
and
that
cost
dew
cubic
in
the
the
such
of
The
done
to
three
or
by
would
plantation
many
two
the
Secondly.
tions,
in
it, judging
insignificant
besides
by
the
the
undertaken
project
been
of
wish
irrigated by
improved
of
of
secured.
million
hundred
the
the
has
out
that
refreshed
be
been
effect
miles
square
too
point
add
First
of
ran
be
would
would
ships
perfectly
should
view
work
great
to
million
experience
my
which
in
which
harbour.
the
But
the
besides
talent;
take
can
of
unequal
half
all
who
instance
was
where
Madras,
peculiar
engineer
an
respects.
terrible
such
that
importance
utmost
required
will
in
the
has
who
found
statesman
question
of
course,
human
has
the
plains
planta*
pation
occu-
essentially changed
it
done.
When
are
finding
worthless,
may
not
is, and
prosperity
it
be
is
to
be
altogether
when
and
hoped
gotten.
for-
CHAPTER
The
**
The
of
nature
on
of
one
the
as
river
will
them
Hon.
of
application
they
which
to
where
grow
is
There
has
The
been
throughout
grew
spelling
new
thought
:
but
advisable
no
effort
who
makes
before
is
of
in
to
is
test
words
retain,
hard-and-fast
rule
so
so
far
has
the
see
human
the
as
mind,
may
of
of
his
adopted
the
grass
race."
tangible
some
be,
then
phrase
for
famous
be
applied
Kaveri
been
in
the
labour
always
the
various
blades
that
gives
the
was,
benefactor
if
especially
Indian
the
to
in
what
to
as
of
in
men
exercise
period,
of
two
India
to
period
expression
The
in
happiness
publication
desire
labour,
character.
strenuous
the
increasing
this
the
He
their
scheme,
indicate
to
that
towards
the
finds
passionate
Any
particular
scope
hope
eager
do
The
one
of
result
by
"
current
designs,
works.
Southern
in
with
England
represented,
widely
so
In
Treatises.
Bridgewater
of
all
are
ancient
selected
with
of
and
earth
inaugurated
measure,
officer
would
mankind.
of
races
the
this
naturally
synchronized
science
of
productivity
same
beginnings
elsewhere,
and
of
of
town
India
class
and
rest,
is
the
Southern
Cauveri
great
above
of
and
M.L.A.
IN,
faculties
Britain
Great
from
the
by
semi-independent
the
adaptations
the
to
COTTON'S
growing
his
key
Presidency
in
systems
modem
profitable,
Dear
A.
all
as
most
Madras
stretching
available
serve
CAPTAIN
as
deltaic,
the
illustrated
chief
The
waters
and
largest
in
best
delta
Duties
Great
works
are
sea.
all
coast,
make
type.""
the
to
east
all
and
irrigation
supplies
Trichinopoly
the
the
development
which
scheme,
of
Beginnings
historic
their
IV
of
to
an
It
Cauveri.
old
by
spelling
me.
SIR
52
with
forcibly struck
he
predicted
no
distant
than
heavier
but
the
the
into
rice
this
clear
its
this
on
first
at
be
the
of
portion
remains
longer
into
smaller
the
fields,
Engineer
which
was
is
The
channels,
the
river,
and
of
its
less
is
mately
ulti-
from
and
them
enriches."
greatly
afraid
much
and
soil, from
suspension,
the
as
sand
of
bed
to
tion.
condi-
statement
firm
in
it
not
was
original
the
at
restored
progressive,
in
stream
be
expected.
deposited
are
considerable
carried
been
have
Cauveri
useful
could
evil, though
might
specific gravity,
as
the
of
river
comment
ingredients
the
to
"But
character
annihilation
unless
fathei^s
"
slower
total
believed
My
follows:
its
COTTON
unusual
the
future,
he
what
ARTHUR
It
of
vsâries
is
the
stream.
The
"
with
to
an
be
skill
may
and
doubt,
first bold
step taken
the
difficulty,with
and
with
his
On
plan.
the
testimony
when
of
capable
charge
of
who
described
the
is
the
that
who
did
that
what
district
at
the
not
had
there
by Sir
was
consider
ever
been
"not
the
and
seventeen
of
He
Tanjore
that
to
measure
construction
of
much
great
opposition,
in
was
of
state
done.
was
the
an
upper
of
opinion
time
conferred
conceived
Cotton
suffering.
(Mr.
official
The
N.
W.
individual
anient
upon
"one
as
the
in
the
it"
of
clared
de-
province
greatest
Mr.
in
Kindersley,
Presidency")
Madras
one
every
Arbuthnot
Alexander
in
servants
the
begun.
in the
district
common
to
civil
ablest
the
as
judging
large
Captain
the
contrary,
was
design
been
against
decay, tlie people, spiritless and

This
of
responsibilities."
prosperity
no
was
impaired,
circumstances
means,
personal
be
Smith
Cotton
under
dam,
restricted
heavy
There
by Colonel
Coleroon
Upper
in
it
compel
prosperity
attributed
pling
grap-
to
their
in
had
work
so
admiration
Baird
permanent
be
to
cannot
both
Colonel
The
"
as
my
express
of
plan
Cauveri
agent
Cotton's
Captain
is, without
of
the
display,
said
remarked
further
to
they
Thus
after
like
permitted
courage
the
conceiving
easily controlled
execution."
years
of
river
great
become
and
merit
original
ing
bless-
Kindersley
FROM
PRAISE
also
his
expressed
would,
That
Engineer
of
say
the
shared
the
view
of
of
Engineer
the
who
Delhi),
and
unstinted.
and
risk
For
the
his
the
he
which
be
to
the
rivers
in
received
like
involved
was
"
professional daring."
credit
from
Forty
years
similar
are
tually repeated
Irrigation
in
tain
Sir
the
(now
series
which
they
Colonel
of
in
that
the
Arthur)
were
Duncan
high
tribute
report
when
year,
works
Arthur
he
Cotton
which
designed
Sim's
of
have
wRh
the
to
Cotton
of
1839
fulfilled
such
reading
entire
the
brother's
Engineer.
enough
was
not
was
vir*
"to
for
Cap*
credit
purposes
remarkable
of
Fred.
Engineer
that,
the
due
and
later, similar
remarked
is
Major
your
Chief
the
was
standing
under-
life ; time
But
over.
1882, the
man's
to
years
given
was
entitled
is
and
at
forty
in
appeared
contemplating
it, turning
than
authority
twice
in
forgotten, and,
More
with
works,
Sim,
astounded
am
long period
forgotten
in
fecting
af-
were
characteristic
Dowlaisweram,
near
Cotton
boldness
Godavari
the
Colonel
work
exclaimed
Cotton,
in
Captain
officer
fine
same
commendation.
all that
be
The
undertaken.
the
that
conceive
father
my
unfinished
to
no
responsibility
effect, what
into
this
ing
recommend-
which
for
was
"as
have
causes
and
carried
and
highest praise."
by
the
Tanjore,
only remedy,
exhibited
of
of
appear,
of
by
displayed
investigation
praise
of
voluntarily
wards
(after-
conception
now
degree
Chief
siege
wrote,
thought
by
judgment
proposed,
the
to
the
and
patient
may
would
few
which
the
Sim's
anicuts]
attended
the
the
upon
They
Sim
Duncan
he
were
opinions.
throughout
Cotton
Captain
brother
superior,
natural,"
the
peans
Euro-
Engineers
their
report
jector
pro-
it"
Colonel
and
of
was
talent
to
its
the
all
would
Colonel
work.
the
to
it
it, and
in
deputed
of
of
Brother
of
53
name
What
Cotton's
Captain
"Simple
previously
one
with
expression
[the project
course
connected
Engineer
of
progress
those
Presidency,
was
the
survive
project?
Commanding
SIM
''
testimony.
the
in
wanting
not
been
ever
civilian
was
that
conviction
Tanjore,
in
had
who
COLONEL
Captain
of
for
success."
Cotton's
54
SIR
characteristics
bears
the
guiding
natural
he
course
risk
"
few
and
another
it
water
in
1877, following
for
one
would
the
same
canals, his
the
points
and
the
that
he
would
in
righteously
the
truth
of
the
whole
truth."
Arthur's
should
this
It
had
be
of
assertion
will
be
not
to
difficulties
the
him.
It
spoiled
many
which
could
him,
on
of
not
never
the
that
well
work
be
contrary,
which
he
had
more
taneous
instan-
was
the
be
either
to
conceal
to
point
the
promote
that
phasis
em-
any
with
pride
which
made.
was
the
joy
mitigated
by
until
Cotton
Arthur
men,
for
extorted
But
seeing
of
want
it is clear
gratifying
praise
led
never
and
of
a
praise
was
modestly
done,
be
is," retorted
conceit,
he
and
laboriously
would
this
otherwise.
developed
India
so
need
sought
never
his
themselves
with
way
not
of
importance
fundamental
the
many
become
he
Though
railways
he
haughty
years
had
overcome
assertion;
said
for
of
would
principle
that, unlike
wait
recognition
the
fidelity to
value
That
and
will
to
Arthur
would; help
or
be
friends
given
seen
recognition.
would
it
matter,
Sir
"
essential
very
Sir
years,
"if
false
is
If
"
to
use
India
East
commend
response
more
discussion
the
at
and
the
real
many
Engineer,
the
to
as
At
great
indignation.
know
forward
acquainted
for
The
annoyed
what
to
party
thing
aim, for which
the
worked
high
one
the
urges
people
advanced."
and
any
said
the
to
undertaken."
loyalty
him
by
responsibility
have
irrigation.
of
out
was
undoubtedly
many
of
press
speakers
time
conscientiously
speedily
was
of
issue, and
at
might
carrying
and
these
for
read
mind
to
to
and
his
cogently
more
he
open
views
degree
lived
navigation
Association,
by
voluntarily
that
paper
the
in
to
simple
the
; courage
added
one
no
recommending"
father
was
of
at
of
would
my
previously
"
...
were
character.
Engfineer's
courage,
If
really
what
light
to
daring
attended
conviction.
Cotton
the
adopted
which
Originality
than
of
thought
convictions
and
brings
thought
Cotton
Captain
his
of
With
consideration.
he
principles
Originality
moment's
discernment
unerring
COTTON
ARTHUR
to
to
never
self-
accepted
what
found
it
in
an
SUCCESS
incentive
of
and
latest
even
happiness
of
this
day
was
which,
already
as
of
so
been
stated,
all
and
for
and
Writing
and
214
p.
mile
entertainment.
says
of
the
canal
canals
*'
learns
Out
the
come
to
of
thin
unprofitable
this
of
will
bank,
feet
from
and
hid
be
in
side
that
engineers
to
side
will
bar
will
or
Government
which
But
be
to
as
system
the
than
efficiency
it in
few
are
Indioy
p.
by
his
well
as
of
stream
great
when
of
it in
time,
meets
new
own
as
water
that
so
tingencies,
con-
other
upon
or
will
its way.
canal,
into
be
twelve
quicksands
reef
great
bank
from
feet
and
voices
the
That
as
longer
no
which
murmur.
the
almost
country
will
through
down
its
against
into
tide, spreading
sweep
of boulders
land
there
air
flood
shifting
wide,
thirsty spectre
filtered
now
faint
the
this
months
make
weir
to
sixteen
to
beds
shingle
load, tossing its tangle of trees,

stubborn
the
In
the
heat
mass
and
in
of
stone
the
storm
and
the
...
their
to
instruction
of miles
scores
quietness
roaring,
famine,
matical
mathe-
(Irrigated
on
by
are
shifts his
stand
masters
follow
the
stability
with
constantly
and
porter
as
to
original design
of
experience
for
in
this
mile
its ranks
flood, fever,
certainly
The
designed
the
he
over;
water
But
foam
hoarsely
deep, half
grinding
iron
on
difficult
most
is altered
and
of
of harvests
this.
full
mountains
of
streams
as
works,
expedients."
far-oiT
Changras
then
never
his
vary
Cotton
hydraulic
Deakin
proves
lessons
valley, and
empty
the
the
those
its boon
carry
is
by
to
has
as
Captain
in
the
living organism,
task
and
which,
preserve
in
vellous
mar-
"
Like
engioeei's
so
established
to
contintially alters its environment,

the
were
water.
sooner
canal, Mr.
Sirhind
the
of
so
of
oversight
or
results
success.
be
is needed
financial
determined
may
no
for
the
are
act
every
praised
stamp
gifts
his
to
highly
one
to
action
is
care
224)
"Every
the
channels
of
was
be
can
they
of
mistakes
any
It
fort
com-
earliest
money,
complete
example,
watchful
most
public
more
the
of his
the
works,
with
and
his
so
and
pre-eminent
nearly independent
and
work
even
increasing
From
destined
was
execute
accuracy,
dams
of
engineering
to
bridges,
of
the
was
gratifying?
of
in
55
after,
characteristic
execution,
and
of
which,
plan
marked
investment
Engineer
an
useful
fellows.
his
and
an
as
immediately
more
then, really
conception
ENGINEERING
something,
regard,
What,
its
do
to
worthy
HYDRAULIC
IN
or
this
if its great
with
and
posts,
which
river
the
people),
subject
flinch
to
forces
prevent
should
from
they
the
ever
no
master
ruin
master
with
contest
(as
which
their
must
them."
SIR
56
make
to
sure
and
themselves
often
and
of
Cotton's
Captain
qualifications
who
best
were
Before
"Will
is
it
seldom
above
the
construction
capital expended
sixty-nine
hundred
one
of
scarcity
from
the
seasons
enabled
to
has
of
horrors
anient,
anient
nearly
of
private
value
but
famine,
of
food
served
prebeen
have
they
adjoining
the
into
in
been
districts
these
large supplies
pour
the
on
equally large, while
been
have
only
not
after
years
upper
lower
the
as
From
profit
the
of
of
six
annual
increased
The
works,
the
to
for
that
case
that
in
cent
per
due
property,
and
cent,
per
the
in
such
been
have
public undertaking.
anicuts, the
was,
be
Arbuthnot,
works
it appears
the
of
test:
"
any
quoted,
the
of these
from
preceding
how
Alexander
says
returns
of
those
to
the
which
example
Sir
by
resulted
report
this
Alexander
financial
with
such
of
feats.
engineering
its
question
borne
Sir
''The
with
let
opened,
pay?"
recorded.
the
the
designs.
unquestionable
seemed
as
acquainted
answering
paragraph
have
such
was
such
in
possession
the
in
ascendancy
discernment
Hence,
essential
are
seen
unfore-
require
to
remedies.
order
high
and
manifest,
difficult
very
foresight
COTTON
ARTHUR
districts."
My
father
wished
exactly
how
he
this
be,
must
not
freshes
smaller,
time
that
level
for
"
But,
in
water
attention
"The
from
the
it
it is
of
be
gain time,
to
the
in
the
Government,
wish,
for
the
In
it
to
usually
adopted
bed
of
river
sufficient
for
In
sea.
comes
freshes
the
very
first
the
low
too
on
case
gain height.
the
call
to
already
stated.
raising
the
level
to
of
saving
particularly
reasons
plans
to
at
second
two
the
is lost
point, namely
second
freshes, that
low
it is
object
it
because
; in
because
irrigated by
the
into
use
large, quantity
grand
our
lost
to
utmost,"
the
to
waste
is
applied
required,
to
to
run
ing
consider-
In
"
seen.
that
occurs
be
very
lands
had
he
what
to
as
improved
quantity
can
most
is to
low
be
may
immense
it is
object
our
river
he
what
let its waters
to
still
the
with
do
exponent
own
immediately
than
but
his
be
noble
an
faster
down
to
"it
wrote,
high
shall
answer
the
water
the
LECTURE
of
purposes
of the
the
irrigation
through
stream
The
first of
but
the
deep,
so
the
gain
Of
would
scheme
he
greater
years."
When
work
rebellion
disrepair
utter
bed,
so
that
to
he
"$00
allowed
afford
?
savages
immediate
Is
made
it in
surprising
small
that
this
had, however,
the
upon
a
and
arrived
the
wild
Governor
demands
at
that
be
six
feet
of
works
in
of
silt
in
feet
of
Thus
this
work,
it, had
what
just
of
time
in
could
thought
;^3,500
fate
its
been
not
Government
of
which
and
thousand
natives
was
in
eight
the
the
nearly
had
The
this
"I
have
upon
in
under
the
could
Government
than
history
I found
estimate
knowing
years
Engineering
to
hundred
repair.
it
Madras,
expected,
one
by
made
greater
observes,
had
to
dependent
repairs, but
to
stated
two.
perhaps
keep
it
were
ought
it, it had
of
to
proceeded
as
it
be
things
he
canal
only
not
deficient
the
'27,"
Coleroon
entirely
would
of
state
nq^lect
"^0f"oo
of
revenue
sums
be
be
Military
said
its
when
population
people
from
down
flowing
water
"In
the
the
the
of
government
of
of
after, he
idea
an
inspect it, as
to
state
not
must
entirely, but
far
be
would
School
the
at
lost
extraordinarily
dam
years
give
Company's
had
for,
approval
years;
district
whole
; in
the
by
many
would
bad
now
are
the
crops
lecturing
Chatham,
that
of
part
ordinary
its
way,
expensive."
too
would
Tanjore
extraordinarily
saved
be
saved
be
ing
divert-
length
great
of
in
amount
sent
such
for
except
larger
at
of
this
recommended
cultivation
produce
the
stances,
circum-
channel
the
of
be
must
present
crops
the
to
of
river.
"
secured,
far
head
the
cost
in
of
The
"
secured
elevation, that Jt would
required
the
the
at
channel
the
be
face
sur-
that
up
the
the
the
certain
that
of
above
by damming
indeed
can
than
level
under
57
portion
fall
preferable
river
attained
rarely
cutting
and
remarks
is
less
and, second,
these
in
the
generally,
it is very
water
first,by carrying
are,
till it has
land
TANJORfe
ON
channel, having
country
adjoining
"
CHATJIAM
AT
time
for
would
to
hear,
u^
some
be, I
as
not
squander
such
an
Engineer.
We
who
was
accessible.
SIR
58
and
I asked
him
about
before
it
sent
time
the
to
work.
till
absurd
Government
enforce
to
and
the
it had
been
people
feared
Such
district
The
the
their
It
the
is
and
the
reaching
it should
Here
river
with
or
footing
with
vied
'*
historical
epoch
ambassador
of
who
Christ, says
very
the
people
Ceylon
and
by
then
in
Irrigated India^
the
because
of
enabled
to
Southern
p.
141,
rivers
of
water.
of
the
before
it throws
off
India
and
the
court
India
three
country
the
double
reap
each
more
year.
than
two
country.*
the
Megasthenes,
years
near
before
irrigation,' and
under
There
in
Sandrokothos,
hundred
harvests,
times
antedates
Greek
was
which
the
China
of
gating
irri-
to
ancient
to
The
virgin
obtained
works
in
period.
at
of
benefit
self
him-
turned
British
of
execution
in
with
were
rulers
whole
India
rivers
Cotton
dealing
not
Indian
of
account
Arthur
the
Nikator
'
what
exceeding
an
that
catching
miles
point
of
range
south
of
before
the
irrigation
Seleukos
under
things
the
the
which
Indian
of
in
at
was
indeterminate
an
were
he
of
wrote
prosperous
in
proved
practice
The
Patna,
other
the
Coleroon.
continent
each
degree
great
^
the
on
into
volumes
hundreds
delta,
centuries
purposes
rivers
some
soil.
virgin
that
fill all the
large
remarked,
stated,
frequently
been
had
ghats, which,
very
the
be
the
or
sent
in
monsoon,
the
the
its first effluent, called
return
rebellion
of
rising
Western
for
of
head
the
Collector
the
be
to
state
river
with
of
runs
not
of
for
government."
the
slopes
did
only
state
execute
money,
sum
have
south-west
biggest
Peninsula,
such
would
large
as
the
small
were
ing
accord-
to
that
the
inconceivable
known
of
I found
in
were
the
is
strength
draining
it ;
orders
it was,
time,
spend
ignorance
first called
had
that
to
laid
been
as
district, and
to
middle-class
Cauveri
mountains]
the
troops
was
admirable
that
of
speak
my
business
whose
trouble
the
In
gained,
was
astonishment
my
taken
spent,
and
and
never
district, who
arrangement
to
had
papers
point
after, I left
'33, when
not
the
case,
him
to
go
expenditure.
of the
the
to
the
the
thought
Soon
had
said
ordered
on
the
to
Engineer
Collector
report
my
He
and
him,
that
at
Chief
the
COTTON
ARTHUR
which
are
thousand
by
its
means
reservoirs
years
old.''
in
"
Sift
6o
freshes
partial
the
make
the
to
be
supply
would
It would
''5th.
sluices, both
by giving
complete
most
he
consulted
always
him
works
The
over
the
subject,
regarded
this
more
of
the
under
oftener
and
there
will
Hence
level
both
lands.
effect
them
open
the
of
bed
the
that
having
as
also
be
of
the
two
of
who
those
of
value
irrigation
aspects:
brought
revenue
method
reminded
and
considered,
additional
by
funds
water.
by
and
late
the
of
present,
important"
this
on
be
must
1st.
the
to
of
employment
"
ment
Governits
public
2nd.
The
itself to
the
native
for
value.
He
Once
is at
that,
''
from
its actual
the
annual
With
had
land
of
price
of
increase
the
Cotton's
land
the
land
of
their
better
"7S"ooo
from
labour,
the
and
expended
fact
will
able
sale-
greatly
have
Captain
that, in the
had
been
Cotton
worst
been
if
"
that,
to
in
obviate
providing
augmented
; and
that
wonder
no
forth
to
the
effects
sâinst
by
of
of
Arthur
and
prove
part
lost
been
the
be
;f2 58,1 25
hundredth
reckoned
;f 103,125."
put
had
that
trying
expended
to
to
property
He
would
crop
to
were
of
great"
already assured,
money
in
value
"200fyoo
of
amount
results
the
dependent
life-long efforts
emphasize
in
proportionately
of the
value
such
The
"
increase
least
revenue
would
the
re2Lson
:
The
individuals
water
which
value
the
and
community,
added
''
more
might
in
increase."
been
increase
consequent
incomes
own
is very
the
increase
to
at
consequently
for
left
us
head
control
Cauveri, which
Again,
be
greatly
greater
growth,
its
earlier, and
by enabling
in
than
extent
greater
rapid
more
would
harvest
COTTON
much
crop
abundant
ARTHUR
the
to
time,
droughts,
or
scarcities, had
them,
much
very
effected."
explained
likewise
year
of
allowed
to
have
irrigated
The
italics in these
that
drought
ten
flow
into
times
paragraphs
as
are
that
ever
the
much
undoubted
''it was
occurred,
which,
sea
grain
Sir Arthur
as
enough
if used,
would
Cotton's.
j
country),
is
able
not
is done
nothing
in
fertile
of the
capabilities
of
spoke
the
His
project
next
"
by
rain
only
at
subject
water
Camatic,
of the
the
throughout
of
been
the
at
of
upwards
five
miles
drawn
and
In
the
of
and
Camatic
the
larger
not
the
suited
real
enterprises
the
to
kings,
posterity
who
which
taste
of
were
they
the
or
running
formed
are
sluices
skill
and
from
the
in
these
watercourses
properly
as
than
your
your
the
embraced
of
power,
and
their
their
are
people,
own.**"
"
siderable
con-
reservoirs
of
of
Edmund
be in the
cannot
the
to
to
levelled.
duly
these
style
These
of
as
in
nor
I have
acres
for
call
nothing
say
at
occasionally
are
there
of
whole
mount
three
religious purification.
minister.
fathers
they
or
scoured
to
part
alone,
map
again
of
places
; the
and
currents
thousand
num"
maintained
two
measure,
ten
dimensions,
uses
of
chosen
masonry
that
perishes
greater
and
reservoirs,
extent
in
the
solid
labour,
reservoirs
map
for
of
these
them
it
India,
of
use
Bank
National
made
it
the
exacts
the
times
been
It
and
streams,
rice
is
the
to
fertile soiL
of
happier
reckoning
middling
of
its
entirely to
perpetual credit, or
have
with
fewer
services, and
domestic
the
the
in that
Tanjore
and
have
in
contained
keep
Nature
This
territory
fields,and
district
the
these
regard
of
product
They
From
expense
Taking
of
especially good
with
conunand.
reservoirs
hundred
to
work
its
reason,
of
trouble
the
over
stones,
circuit
the
as
soil
owing
was
bounty
but
admirable
eleven
in
the
it must
that
with
charge.
mighty
season
which
the
of
livix^ brooks
country.
earth
constmcted
by
perpetual
For
India
"
means
similar
no
incredible,
almost
mounds
to
Arcot,.
river-water."
was
or
on
irretrievably.
ber,
few
no
condition
is not
Camatic
The
is refreshed
of
by
was
of
that
strongly
most
supplies
regulated
has
argued
; its prosperous
quality
with
one
of
Southern
out
country.^
the
districts
fertilized
at
was
its
of
bring
to
Nawab
the
of
resources
be,
this, he
on
populous
energies
the
be
reason
no
most
must
In
it would
it would
is
the
if
they
as
speech
great
of
he
Again,
world,
country."
water
bank
national
in
who,
Burke,
the
one
if
population
there
of
be
other
every
naturally
that
The
"
naturally
off, when
assured
exerted,
were
when
not
in
countries
Government
the
it
fully
am
and
large
water,
carry
it should
why
whatever
and
to
; but
excess
support
provide
to
deficient, and
be
to
6i
added
He
(like England
acknowledge
Camatic,
COUNTRY"
THE
population."
whole
the
supplied
have
OF
BANK
NATIONAL
"THE
of
those
for
These
are
magnificence
of
monuments
testators
Burke.
to
62
SIR
Pallaur
ARTHUR
with
River,
COTTON
its necessary
of
provision
channels
and
reservoirs.
Indeed^
were
from
and
always
and
volume
which
the
the
water
only
other
It
was
that
not
be
to
yielded
the
the
itself.
Hence
in
the
the
of
these
times, be
if not
used
an
loss,
"
disease, and
death
of
productive
limited
un-
the
by
additional
but
that
enhancement
consequent
of
was
revenue
much
their
truer
income
saleable
value
the
observations
of
importance
insisted
works
irrigation
treasury,
the
the
size
tracts
districts
flood
made
of
simply
in
and
people
the
principles, always
value
the
Government
is found
criterion
essential
measured
to
the
prosperity.
the
by him,
upon
in
poverty,
be
with
and
drought,
could
they
among
in
enterprises,
new
these
To
mind
earnest
accord
question
famine,
and
in
necessarily,
or,
and
scheming
was
in
must
hand,
brain
them.
cause
blessing
and
rivers
destruction
could
active
which
surrounded
of
of
engine
his
planning
scale
of
forces
huge
on
on
which
country
time
work,
at
ever
this
to
of the
land
which
follow.
As
the
to
Board
after
year
the
of
value
of
of
increase
; in
of
price
that
as
land
of
which
much
of
by
have
private property
in
that
the
does
not
the
means
extent
the
and
South
two
the
that
assured
am
sixty
the
the
the
tionately
propor-
ascertained
it is considered
; so, when
anicuts,
to
least
at
case
also, I
been
in
the
it
;fi'8,ooo,ooo,
they
the
actually doubled,
and
the
noticing
has
increased
hundred
the
increase
also
I have
is
same
greatly
affected
are
individuals) is
Tanjore,
five
as
that
increase
To
has
the
letter
1837,
13,
weirs, when
believe
"
Seringam
the
is, perhaps,
suppose
than
in
In
land
the
Trichinopoly
that
taluks.
Arcot
to
lands
informed
am
of
in
remarked,
December
dated
revenue
property
he
people,
Revenue,
the
of the
the
completion
great
value
of
profits
the
to
saleable
too
seem
of
of
cawnies
thousand
no
price
of
much
to
causing
less
an
sum
;^500,ooo."
requote
^
the
South-
remark
Indian
on
term
an
of
land
earlier
measurement.
page
of
this
"A
He
"
chapter,
one
FOUNDATION
NEW
who
makes
before
grew
from
after
the
is
from
letter
the
reply
bad
the
proving
of
equally
of
rate
prosperity,
would
tend
in
effects
are
in themselves
of
fourteen
the
the
have
been
very
equalise
to
seasons,
which
recorded
fifteen
control/'
any
the
progress
after
commencement
are
"
Anicut.
"27^238
15
of
^208,291
revenue
.
"12^702
profit
"172,713
of
profit
144H
first cost
on
Coleroon
Anicut.
14
years
increase
net
annual
revenue
^14,230
"9,^79
profit
;" 130,876
of
percentage
General
owing
to
available
singular
(with,
the
far
of
off, and
that
the
long
distance
course,
long
of
site
wall
since
the
of
cost
'^
circumstance.
boundary
i33iV
the
near
first cost.
on
states
R.E.,
within
stone
from
profit
Bell,
quarried
was
not
of
profit
Aggregate
required
"3,997
repairs
of
Aggregate
jungle
unfavourable
other
"74^2^1
Number
procured
and
the
could
no
degree
same
profit
Subsequent
late
by
instrument
other
the
Coleroon
Lower
Annual
tion
founda-
new
cost
Average
continued,
measured
be
like
increase
percentage
First
being
laid
how
years
annual
Annual
anicut
has
Aggregate
diminished
remarkable
results, because
respectively
net
Average
in the
then
to
repairs
of
Aggregate
was
was
"^y34o^
Number
all the
years
help
cost
Subsequent
The
No
figures showing
years
has
may
same
beyond
Upper
First
that
land.
favourable
official
some
it is
but
anient
as
anything
the
The
the
far
so
obtain
to
1836,
good;
that
of
power
employed
upper
ten
may
increaseôf production
clearly
very
productive
extract
an
written
results,
general
where
grow
species/'
his
Revenue,
succeeding
years
others
uniform
and
to
anicuts, stating what
the
their
of
the
and
be
of
63
"
Among
'^
of
of grass
of
Board
construction
officially known
blades
two
benefactor
PROSPERITY"
OF
from
consent
an
stone
works, but
the
ancient
disused.''
the
of
greatly
was
The
no
lower
the
for
such
the
source
re-
anicut,
Brahmins)
temple, standing
SIR
64
The
profits
the
were
reforming
it in
magical
effect
almost
the
under
reckoned
were
which
anicuts,
head
of
the
for
considerably
provided
had
for
rendered
The
the
from
Council,
of
It is
*'
freshes
damage
river.
Tanjore
this
phenomenal
noted
again
probably,
never
time.
To
turn
with
little
of
August
on
has
what
freshes
the
upon,
and
said,
the
the
great
so
of
have
^*
to
appears
there
is not
greatest
But
obvious
that
reports
been
it has
the
anicut
an
without
greater
of
individual
blessing that
has
in
than
the
ever
it
province
this
as
water
as
in
a
Revenue,
beyond
was
regards
the
for
act
it to
inference
the
the
was
case
single day
of
the
after
Cauveri
Agunda
the
failure
been
satisfied, from
D.[ 1836,
A.
was
for
even
crops
with
must
was.
that, whilst
advantages
been
will be
when,
it the
at
of
Board
both
supply
observing
the
the
1241,
fall river
"
^was,
"
have
satisfactory, and
that
the
than
might
1246,
there
most
of
biography,
Board
fasli
mind,
large tropical river,
to
the
a$
; and
without
entertained
of
father's
my
one,
of fasli
were
afford
never
of
wrote
I trust
long
failure
the
conclude
be
'*
as
but
incalculably
been
I cannot
Tanjore
that
anicut
to
as
assistance
the
no
either
of
as
this
guide
season
than
of the
fair
only
of
the
rains.
25th September,
was
Cauveri,
manifested
current
to
follows:
that
worse
effects
not
was
flowing
as
of
in
again
experience
1838,
1,
been
the
:"
heaviest
banks
breaches
strikingly
more
comparison
all
from
the
engineer
activity
and
Principal Collector
The
civil
Member
of the
the
an
almost
be
the
point
valuable
and
some
to
mately
legiti-
this
in
done
free
so
after
expensive.
Sullivan,
explicit
works,
added
On
known
been
contrary,
never
was
yean"
The
to
has
is
only
not
less
be
to
subsidiary
John
that
been
ever
the
Hon.
1840,
5,
know
to
have
On
the
outlay
had
river
works.
many
found
anient
its
years
former
therefore,
was,
the
by
Sept.
whatever
the
that
respect
the
gation,
irri-
shown,
including
repairs, and
for
years
on
but
with
the
satisfactory
that
fifteen
of
minute
dated
for
with
profit
outlay
repairs,
management
the
to
been
irrigation, but,
this
in
saving
extract
of
of
has
compared
was
less, proving
water
the
the
on
system
as
with,
year
subsequent
number
same
the' whole
of
basis
All
original outlay
the
on
one
subsidiary works,
new
COTTON
ARTHUR
of
who
conferred
the
does
much
so
anicut
not
upon
elsewhere,
consider
it."
doubt
it the
MADRAS
supposed
still
be
to
enough
considerably
Cotton.
Madras
Merchants
the
into
his
interest
the
to
with
That
1st
the
should
2nd
with
be
That
the
its
coast
That
3rd.
Colonel
of
Haviland,
of
the
but
itself
parallel
line
straight
to
that
at
stone
much
nor
Cotton's
Captain
of
such
beyond,
time,
the
gentlemen
one
meeting
with
the
did
of
intention
it
taken
large
very
eventually
was
had
at
praised
and
greatly
so
who
a
Engineers
project
breakwater
the
at
of
Commandant
the
idea
subscribed,
was
surf.
relinquished, although
schema
shore
within,
be
not
the
approved
highly,
the
counteract
to
rough
of
be
it should
de
Madras,
complied
He
:"
the
be
and
work,
line
outer
should
of
subservient
opinions.
with
shape
it should
4th. That
the
unconnected
at
or,
trade
water
calculated
best
of
provided.
be
Passage
briefly urged
work
harbour,
made
his
invited
and
request,
Paumben
which
everything
of man,
purposes
their
surf
in
Arthur
sea-borne
the
man
young
roadstead
should
in
his
the
enclosed
an
65
thought
that
interested
of
of
so,
breakwaters
Presidency, hearing
of
Not
made
was
or
others
and
mind
the
thirty.
formed
be
PROJECT
occupy
under
breakwater
to
suggestion
should
least,
it
BREAKWATER
the
up
of
sum
mend
com-
money
carrying
the
out
plans.
On
December
Board
of
the
Revenue
Irrigation
in relation
the
passage
first,of
the
Department,
but their
and
by
then
year
shewed
attention.
value
of
the
value
the
for this
that
merely
of
sum
their
the
belonging
capital value,
country
As
greatly
conclusion,
he
if
kept
absolutely
money
purpose.
it had
In
to
works
to
the
fallen
then
off
remarked
this he
in
treated,
the
to
Tank
enterprises,
as
order
good
necessary
annual
year
value, he
through
that,
of
Burke
by
in
the
especially
to
In
page.
to
duties
but
referred
preceding
the
on
whole,
tanks
on
not
report
as
numerous
quoted
annual
of
Department
the
to
elaborate
an
addressed
Cotton
1837, Captain
13,
want
of
these
were
66
SIR
works
all
would
be
efficient, the
and
crop
(;^3,200,ooo)
value
its then
annual
dependent
the
;Ci,i8o,ooo
from
revenue
to
;Î,65O,O0O.
to
There
if not
all of
has
been
whole
conserve
these,
for
this
utilised
will
city
of
the
Mylapur
at
St.
Hon.
Bill),in
his
according
valuable
the
to
immense
an
has
would
make
times
half
the
Hills,
material
road
the
to
reservoir
P.
Ceylon^
their
Deakin,
Supply
miles
the
which
262, Irrigated
M.L.A.,
of
work
short
"
in
years,
added
were
together,
high,
feet
six
constructed
embankments
formerly
London
was
and
one
At
city.
for the
this
supplies
the
arose
which
An
spot
city
Chief
:
W.
Thacker
by
and
"
of
situated
now
with
Madras
of
View
Australian
Secretary
is
the
to
transport
the
prevented
Agriculture^
and
Madras
from
railway
of
superintendence
the
distant, intended
India:
Irrigation
Victoria.
some
tiplication
mul-
globe."
Circumstances
water.
remarks
earth
of
next
of
few
further
Presidency,
wall
the
Cotton's
construction
Red
the
a
round
Arthur
Deakin
for
of
watering
such
circulation
in
the
is there
that, if the
end, within
this
they
been
all sizes,
are
in India
Mr.
to
Commonwealth
for
serve
else
storages.
it is estimated
with
and
says
Delegates
the
Irrigated India^
on
the
to
These,
the
with
did
splen-
boundary
of
(one
connection
Nowhere
is
of
area
the
of
side
the
knows
who
the
their
example
[(but unused)
and
M.L.A.
of
An
Nungumbaukum.
catchment,
area.
calculation
which
of
being
instead
one
by
Mount,
beds
their
water.
every
runs
work
of minor
A
to
which
in
1900
of
Most,
proportion
vast
crops
magnificent
Deakin,
in
of
catch
to
purposes.
disrepair,
storage
townlet
A.
England
into
Thomas's
many-mansioned
the
origin.
the
the
Tank,
to
Indian
occur
in
"
irrigational
growing
for
once
Madras,
road
the
constructed
it for
fall
to
parts,
area
of
are
sidency,
Pre-
Madras
the
in
tanks
of
number
allowed
in
used,
of
and
district
every
immense
rainfall
the
almost
is, in
an
from
the
of
value
annual
augmented
jf4,i30,ooo,
COTTON
ARTHUR
of
the
Minister
Co., 1893.
India
com-
and
Alfred
Hon.
ot
Water
68
seem
to
never
perhaps
because
small
scale.
he
as
used
great
tonnage,
has
even
locomotive
the
for
it
in
the
and
every
Arthur's
and
in
only
quite
view
and
write
this
explanation
some
the
to
costly
of
exclusion
the
to
tonnage
them
opposition
adopted,
And,
of
had
he
cheap*
way.
amount
suitable
more
of
vessels
impelling
that
me
economical
more
steam
country.
to
being
of
rivers
object
the
appears
Sir
system
the
of
admitted
with, makes
deal
can
so
on
India,
limited
very
is
country
of
in
the
Englandi
navigation
have
promised
the
power
river
of
size
this
in
power
canalization
of
infinitely
and
in
understood
it, would
requirements
railway
by
had
railway
in
advisable
is
canals
found,
because
note,
S)rstem
which
costly
real
canal
for
insufficient
the
rightly
the
been
a
been
The
as
of land
as
have
have
being
ness
ARTHUR
the
would
COTTON
SIR
the
carriage
water.
''
And
would
add
time
that
India,
unlimited
the
and
wagons,
obtained
through
the
committee,
the
Government;
conducted
of
tracts
novel
entirely
bridged
been
of
and,
with
features
the
by
construction
but
of
broad
had,
in
were
patterns
hand,
of
being
mentary
Parlia-
decree
surveys
of
rivers
whose
value
vast
were
instances,
many
engineers,
rails,
asked
necessary
The
these
Indian
instead
be
difficulty through
any
country.
;
the
India,
to
directly by
lastly,
scarcely
level
mostly
provided
in
for
supplied
only
process
(at
State
number
any
land,
expensive
was
of
system
needed
; the
supplied
Derby
immediately
in
mined,"
deter-
was
Lord
late
British
was
purpose
locomotives
forthwith
be
to
were
the
on
it
Secretary
capital, qualified engineers
coaches,
of
the
somewhile
railways
for
requisite
every
for
establish
of
advice
Stanley),
Lord
to
"
the
to
contrary
that, when
these
to
methods
all
to
future
builders.
"
On
have
the
other
required
and
by engineers
surveys
of
management
very
long
few
then
system
canal
navigation
and
patient investigation
accustomed
hydraulic
existed.
of
works,
It
was
the
to'
and
no
elaborate
construction
of
such
wonder,
would
and
engineers
then, that,
if
DIFFICULTIES
such
system
of
favour
and
OF
needing
country."
one
CONSTRUCTION
of
thought
were
perfectly
only
CANAL
easy
guarantee
of
at
all,
conception
to
establish
it
69
rejected
was
execution,
and
it
in
all
over
the
CHAPTER
for
Preparing
the
bursting
THE
the
to
the
and
shrink
from
the
Division.
leave
consolidation
of
taken
the
India
felt
himself
Need.
unable
equanimity
satisfied
the
Not
he
he
in
His
to
time,
good
growth
but
Romance,
he
he
sorrow
wished
do.
to
with
events
and
hands,
would
way
India
with
was
God's
the
of
for
acumen.
accept
in
was
to
charge
great
of
what
afford
knew
and
it
he
as
time
a
India
undertake
to
could
that,
zeal
mark
disappointment.
and
Consequently,
Cotton
Arthur
him.
of
in
afforded
character
professional
and
hold
in
had
personal
force
had
Australia
its
health
of
state
serious
was
Cotton,
Madras,
Engineer
an
attached
alike
reached
of
this
in
of
mental
toil
him
left
he
unsatisfactory
heavy
To
long
When
boiler
Captain
by
himself,
to
him.
so
the
of
invented
injury
in
District
Town
engine
upon
himself
Godavari
Hobart
at
rotatory
influence
The
the
resulting
found
tion
Redemp-
"
of
with
^The
Work
Great
was
made
be
clear.
Weakened
work
health
ready
was
benefit
himself,
to
he
which
in
Presidency
that
the
on
familiarly
as
well
his
It
as
he
had
in
a
the
to
to
was
the
also
that
at
of
the
the
be
Madras
performed,
building
of
Vizag,
pleasant
as
and
it
rest,
70
which
well
prepared
is
brious
salu-
districts.
northern
of
construction
place.
most
signal
the
of
part
light
of
therefore,
superintend
and
veritable
that
service
to
one
was
was,
and
work,
light
next
beach
called,
stations
Here
him.
Vizagapatam,
at
groynes
for
appointed
was
church
necessitated
him
for
the
he
had,
having
worked
its
of
Orissa.
Of
this
with
before
we
had
burst
in
all
in
through
When
sailed
from
and
by.
The
and
thanked
had
been
God
and
the
Nowadays
told
have
of
the
was
had,
we
the
strain
immediately
way
before
close
passengers^
But
gave
had
with
strewn
and
crew
time
which
ship,
was
deliverance.
some
he
have
1872
one
roadstead
This
Arbeg
not
of
storm
storm
Madras.^
was
(925), the
marked
Amuman
peril,
brought
witnessed
The
us
of
violence
loss
(î)"
the
of
the
beginning
delayed.
cyclone"
often
the
would
been
''Bay
upon
by the
the
and
destruction
burst
beach
have
doubt
no
widespread
such
Madras
on
cone
coming
would
voyage
the
conceive
warning
the
of
who
Few
the
it
officers
striking object
the
mind
his
heard
shouting,
the
as
sea
was
all
their
behaved
Vizagapatam."
into
for
great;
too
the
vessel
assembled
mind
was
that
time
same
morning
dismasted
of
He
to
found
we
the
at
voyage
possible.
as
ceased
next
captain
afterwards,
quiet
Madras
; the
disappeared
wreckage,
as
was
and,
hurricane
voice
his
clouded
over-
on,
the
word
orders
and
all
sky
raging.
but
Bay
:"
presence
angry
his
trumpet,
hurricane
the
; no
the
remarkable
was
nothing
storm,
else
storm
manner
speaking
everything
had
the
the
have
coming
wonderful
in
Madras
hours,
a
was
captain's
time
the
throughout
**
the
Christian
most
It
of
Bay
whence
the
many
party
winds,
writes
hurricane
board
fury.
the
Northern
mother
of
on
its
whole
the
during
that
storms)
devastate
Vizagapatam,
tokens
been
of
account
on
for
the
of
shores
the
circular
of
to
storms
my
in
Islands,
Andaman
voyage
Madras
these
of
birthplace
the
on
the
burst
cyclone
destructive
left
''We
all
surpass
Vizagapatam
wont
that
the
havoc
work
to
the
from
way
many
so
is
(as
neighbourhood
and
to
were
to
experience.
Bengal,
come
Madras
from
way
direful
71
yet, performed.
as
their
had
which
labours,
engineering
On
VOYAGE
EVENTFUL
AN
can
caused.
In
(then) unprotected
the
wind
Hotspur
Invershine
increased
(1,045 tons)*
(717),
the
Misset
night
as
came
and
on,
the
hours
of
day
broke
such
COTTON
ARTHUR
SIR
72
darkness,
of
never
before
been
some
Indian
coasting ships
of
Indian
an
surf
the
through
the
ship,
deep
which
had
wrecked
and
cyclone"
exhibits
had
water,
been
Nature
in
by
through
the
side.
opposite
in
one
at
Vizagapatam,
of
two
cut
clean
her
miles
distance
long
been
driven
the
on
three
along
strewn
had
as
English,
some
"
pier, stretching
iron
to
structure
vessels
^were
When
revealed,
was
Several
"
fury throughout
devastation.
wreckage
known.
while
coast,
terrific
much
causing
scene
with
blew
''Bay
fearsome
most
moods.
The
in
long
hill
finding
found
building
with
large
water-mark
for
Often,
in
harbours,
he
proving
even
as
told
has
older
for
who
men,
that
moment
could
It
sea!
grand
(700),
Indians
traffic
was
them.
and
were
not
Nay,
(676),
Burlington
(592),
Belgium
six
of
seventeen
drowned.
restored
against
for
the
Jokn
months.
made
"
C.
A.
by
thrown
of
gether
to-
such
the
all
was
Kingdom
L.
the
that
Europeans
in
proved
was
Thirteen
was
He
suppose
than
(655),
Scott
breach
fifteen
To
which
craft
surf, such
groynes
more
and
ridiculed
was
encroachments
did
most
coast
stones
his
English
waves,
heavy
he
loose
work,
highest
yet
the
Engineers.
they
native
and
Indian
the
the
their
the
visiting
of
However,
did
they
were
above
simple,
rough,
resist
ridiculous.
was
success;
the
of
piles
father
built
was
learned
My
sea.
early days,
more
possibly
wanted
was
were
beach
These
force
the
upon
those
to
he
barrier
breaks
in
out
the
of
piled
this
resisting
ever
how,
us
and
duties
construction
distances.
over
effective
an
diversified
the
as
when
talk
of
which
that
there
years,
would
artillery
works.
consolidating
fiftyyards
later
isolated
an
protecting
and
unhewn,
some
method
efKcient,
Waltair
certain
blocks,
stone
not
were
disused
pleasingly
the
work
at
groynes
of
top
Some
Nose.
in
other
early
the
on
and
use.
at
and
his
of
series
of
church
groynes
describes
of
spent
were
years
dwelling
Dolphin's
were
Two
safely
rough
the
called
barracks
of
arrived
party
pier,
ex-
of
and
and
INDIAN-BRITISH
THE
pectedy for they
made
soil
by
the
first-rate
beach,"
he
mother
My
**
would
hill
The
view
rose
abruptly
down
other
and
beside
had
companion
As
in
bearing
Maine,
distinguished
served
India
has
Council,
India
discussed
the
officials
those
upon
produced
who
close
of
Bible,
of
life.
Arthur
of
these
unostentatious
Cotton
mind
and
of
mood
one
appeals
with
old
colleague
of
when
"His
he
the
great
Arthur
Saviour.
force.
The
To
the
folk,
this
India
and
of
earnestness
conspicuous
and
tious
conscien-
religious
very
of
Rundall,
out
are
conviction,
character
General
rences,
Law-
Anglo-Indian
most
the
has
delighted
in
faithful
time,
India
average
the
many
their
have
of intense
deeply
Hindu,
so
God-fearing
of
one
father, brings
my
remarks:
[Sir
but
of
of
effect
the
which
most
than
of
venient
incon-
an
on
Christian
more
was
the
of
of
be
Christian.
(or woman)
have
Influence
not
biographies
British
man
the
followers
The
large proportion
very
Sumner
who
experience.
of
in
evenings
Henry
in
spend
British
whose
convinced
becomes
study
of
of
together.''
remark
thousands
of
residents.
Ceylon
kind
many
representative
''
may
this
through
Edwardeses,
profited
make
perforce
pass
special
the
to
house
Governor-General's
semi-solitary, existence
solitary, or
Anglo-Indian
and
which
in
place
this
Thought,"
the
jurists
the
lessly
cease-
agreeable
an
Sir
address,
his
in
English
upon
of
looked
Chaplain
there"
eminent
Members
The
One
The
what
the
fine.
cry.
prophecy
on
"
wheeled
spent
studying
awe-inspiring.
above
lived
earnest,
depth,
great
*'
3rears.
very
hilL
often
among
Legal
as
the
the
on
degree
some
time
wild, weird
who
in
that
was
prey
it, and
friend,
and
society, frequently
our
of
was
built
later
sometimes
was
birds
barrack
the
Vizagapatam
of
top,
large
of
his
in
over
Nose
and
sea,
circles, uttering their
in
only
the
it
the
to
them.
of
one
experiences
the
added
above
with
Dolphin's
from
firom
upon
Hawks
the
73
and
sand
talking
of the
from
the
say,
when
says
of
silting
impressive, gestures,
beach
splendid
available
CHRISTIAN
with
such
an
R.E.,
an
great
force
"
Cotton's]
character,
as
known
to
SIR
74
circle
large
consistent
of
friends,
Christian,
victions, which
always
believed
and
kindness
to
had
the
the
nativies
of
India, who
those
the
driven
in
feet
and
back
the
sailors.
The
of
were
and
also
He
Of
provided
he
poured
of
India,
1st
wrote
It
has
the
their
foes.
about
money,
have
night,
and
prostrated
house,
in
thanks
two
soon
that
the
ground
cleared
language
later
in
of
one
the
principal
time
less
than
at
years,
laige project, nothing
port
to
entrances
"
Vizagapatam
coast
2nd.
father,
my
that
thus
evident
his
many
understood
us
of
to
up
ing
drivand
and
from
them
to
master
would
for
came
out
planning
was
making
shelter
all
of
wreckers
the
stick
men
crew
hoard
his
stand
two
had
hurried
the
to
the
and
little
they
managed
were
He
cocoanuts,
overpowered
which
Vizagapatam
when
the
the
the
with
loaded
he
prey.
defending
and
being
wrecko^
of
boat, with
the
could
he
board
on
troop
for their
board
up,
men
which,
vessel
native
The
already
came
and
small
an
returning
was
boisterous
so
was
saw
stolen, but
morning
none
wind
rocks.
was
saved
themselves
which
vessel
rupees,
next
life."
crowd,
delivered
hundred
the
after
on
greedy
sergeant
found.
their
watching
were
rushed
spot,
They
throughout
the
against
and
deck
him,
^he
collected,
till his
with
"
helpless, and
these
contact
the
evidently
the
in
father
he
gained
brought
"
his
he
or
my
his
whom
amongst
devotee,
to
for
him
Sanyassee,'
when
who
considerate
ever
and
of
men
worshipped
behalf,
afternoon,
beachworks
keep
almost
he
brimful
and
young
him,
him
Grod, in whom
to
many
under
their
remained
stormy
hardly
in
The
as
over
One
serving
labour
many,
from
of
the
to
coa"
led
which
life,and
unselfish,
Utterly
and
religious
earnest
undertakings
humble
truly
whole
others, especially
known
with
his
of
and
deep
all his
privilege
influence
with
trusted.
self-denying
was
that
was
dominated
commit
to
COTTON
ARTHUR
of
the
is
the
India,
best
only
where
climate
place
there
in
is
India.
on
the
no
severe
eastern
heat
ARTHUR
SIR
76
alluvial
be
land, level
made
cheaply
The
of
COTTON
into
harbour
outer
granite
with
of
the
immense
an
be
can
boats
carriage by
formed
few
by
the
the
Nose, costing nothing but
can
bour.
har-
inner
size, from
any
which
sea.
blocks
Dolphin's
powder, loading,
hundred
yards,
and
discharging.
This
was
had
backed
up
Arthur
Cotton, had
my
he
while
gapatam
that
Godavari
river, which
his
toilsome
most
grandest
giv^n
free
success.
engaged
he
had
his
own
have
and
the
been
Office
India
would
way,
been
hand
the
headquarters, especiallyin
was
It
would
What
been
half-regenerated
than
)\
father
result
at
scheme.
noble
have
more
India.
in
this reclamatory work
first became
afterwards
acquainted
was
labours, his keenest
to
with
be
the
at
Viza-
the
great
scene
ot
anxieties,and
bis
CHAPTER
District
The
Arthur
of
VI
Godavari
his
worked
Cotton
After
and
Before
"
Change
Magical
Before
Arthur
WHEN
church
district
wise
of
use
of
after
region
he
of
town
^the
"
had
India.
Godavari
Mr.
time
one
Henry
''The
forms
Southern
the
Morris,
of
have
the
have
river
through
in
shade,
and
valley
in
gloom
witnessed
never
ghenies
in
the
or
the
the
gradually
sun
"
the
enters
of
pieces
the
low,
Descriptive
Presidency
the
setting
in
scenery
the
broken
which
hills,
Historical
of Madras
^
p.
Account
London
4.
77
looked
have
the
as
that
assert
even
the
Trubner
Godavari
"
the
have
into
the
adorned
previously
of
the
Neil-
the
on
glides
steamer
had
early
left
gradually
sun
it \
overhang
hill, leaving
after
scenery
As
stream
confidently
can
Shevaroys.
and
which
hill
up
exquisite
more
winding
lighted
seasons
mountains
the
as
and
both
at
from
water
beautiful
at
gorge
passed
morning
'
Service,
Godavari
the
in
scenery
Civil
writes
district,
most
"
the
seen
on
gorge,
beautiful
Madras
its
whatever
India.
down
and
the
named
river-named
district,
most
which
the
of
one
"
"
the
in
through
gorge
plains
of
official
became
This
tion
recogni-
longer
no
was
but
district
some
chief
district
Rajahmundry,
contains
name,
the
done,
made
in
it, and,
through
ran
Rajahmundry
afterwards
He
condition.
build
to
the
shore
which
river,
north
sent
was
conserve
distressful
the
what
the
and
in
was
Cotton
District
Ca,
1878.
78
SIR
the
bank
the
to
up
of
the
other
as
banks
They
then
near
from
beautiful
which
Trevelyan
life
which
Walch,
Works
Godavari
Godavari
The
India
after
miles
north-east
Arabian
the
the
nine
miles,
hundred
it
an
and
millions
hundred
times
three
about
times
"Shortly
the
the
it, till it has

is
miles
distance
middle
of
between
'*
not
stone
that
the
of
its way
the
and
precipitous, sides,
with
with
but
luxuriant
beautiful
little
receives
the
square
Scotland
and
calculated
be
to
than
more
Staines,
wind
to
gradually
a
the
gorge,
and
rise
clothed
are
to
in
on
for two
bank
feet
thousand
close
part
either
here
amongst
which
greater
from
and
two
Cairo.
which
three
ninety-
about
at
begins
hills
the
direction
second,
per
at
thrown
from
thousand
is
of
seventy
some
It
Thames
Nile
The
stream.
this
feet
along
be
rivers
nearly
England
through
that
thousand
Through
of
Ghats,
Engineering
Bengal
fifteen
Godavari
may
summit
to
glides
force
of
signs
great
of
discharge
Eastern
Rhine
"
Madras.
and
of the
narrow
two
though
edge
to
so
that
the
of
of
of cubic
after, the
of
spurs
north
that
the
south-eastern
Bay
its maximum
half
the
than
greater
area
and
into
Charles
antiquities
on
course
hundred
one
book
Rising
generally
fifty miles
from
combined,
two
falls
it
and
miles,
in
Sir
only fifty miles
and
Bombay,
runs
historical
Indus.
peninsula, till,after
drainage
one
of
the
amongst
the
and
Highland
the
it
(p. i), says
rank
Ganges
Sea,
across
Delta
takes
lacks
but
interesting
most
touched.
stream."
European
in his
the
on
and
adorn,
the
beautify,
Mr.
"
which
cipitous
pre-
ing
other, form-
of
that
to
Bingen,
and
be
outlet
no
scenery
the
resembling
apparently
the
Coblentz
human
is
ing
approach-
to
each
approach
close
and
even
little lakes,
there
compares
between
again
and
out,
open
sides
yards,
enough
near
mountains
two
hundred
two
as
the
place
one
appearing
successively
lochs,
in
edge,
the
and
river, disappear,
water's
each
COTTON
ARTHUR
of
the
to
the
height
with
from
of
steep,
water's
tropical vegetation.
gorge,
disturbance,
the
river
and
in
its low
stages
js easily navigated
even
by
small
boats,
but
during
the
floods
it foams
past
SACRED
THE
its
obstructions
craft
that
the
of
with
but
which,
High
floods
defile
there
the
Eastern
Coromandel
; the
of
last
left
where
of
miles.
four
nearly
its delta
In
"
drift
broad
Of
has
all
the
sacred
more
in
deeply
is believed
to
The
at
eastern
every
banks
of
on
twelve
of the
India, and
bathe
in
at
width
branches
two
or
in
the
devout
from
is
more
years
river
in
pilgrims
its waters.
the
than
called
with
At
eleven
its
source
all
near
which
the
is
hardly
Godavari.
It
by
the
same
if
and,
streams
possible,
river.
Once
is held
other
parts
but
name.
several
of the
rest
river
Ganges,
Pushkaram
from
come
and
the
Gautami,
the
weird
as
into
the
away."
is the
called
of
boos
; bam-
Ganges
source
into
stream
washed
its
tUbris
with
grasses
the
even
the
feast
the
jungle
its division
holy
turn
in
entirely
frequently
than
fall
and
little
flood,
toppled
floating islands,
same
called
but
floating
have
over
down
really high
with
Hindu
after
branch,
as
India,
rivers
it is
brings
rise
confusion
submerged
Dowlaisweram,
is looked
wild
like
and
underground,
into
and
over
masses
flow
to
river
branches
rolled
are
tangled
in
the
forest, which
and
roots
interlaced
rushes
into
miles
river, is
attaiqed
divides
it swells
of the
giants
they
as
has
the
ever,
hills, how-
the
to
near
of
plains
twenty-five
some
plentifully strewn
is
whose
water,
flood
freshes,
however,
surface
;
like
lake-
hills, till
the
lies close
then
It
miles
of
outlying
Godavery
fifty to
twenty
the
into
for
and
begins.
when,
all kinds
effect
the
its moderate
bank
these^ which
Dowlaisweram,
of
the
in
succession
Small
Coast
its
along
occur
and
it emerges
feet
that
so
For
spurs
do
hundred
two
been
able,
unfathom-
hundred
in
action
ascertained,
depth.
winds
be
place,
one
eastern
Palaveram
of
or
further
the
amongst
the
at
no
has
bed
to
nearly
in
river
the
goiê,
village
feet
fifty
rocky
himself
from
torrent
and
reaches
the
to
which
is the
great
supposed
quite fifty feet
is then
the
beyond
So
has
hundred
one
rise
hundred
writer
79
turbulence,
stem.
times, that
the
as
from
vary
and
depths, popularly
to
really
two
such
at
out
velocity
floated^ could
ever
stream
scoured
GODAVARl
on
the
sacred
streams
of
land
the
Trimbak,
in
to
every
8o
ARTHUR
SIR
its
of
part
downward
little north
bank
of
of
the
sacred
those
who
morning,
Rajahmundry,
into
which
the
and
bathe
in
Crowds
and
festival
sin
and
the
for
in
away
bank
river
favoured
most
twelve
the
left
peculiarly
the
on
convert
camps
be
washed
is
the
on
to
gather
pagoda
days
during
lasts."
Nature
was
Kotaphali
at
every
night,
standing
huge
stream
it.
the
at
it is considered
stream,
times,
But, while
the
and
these
noon,
resort
especially
course,
eastern
at
COTTON
thus
was
there
sacred,
so
lavish
so
of
her
much
was
beauties
and
suffering
the
in
land.
Factories
for
cloth, much
the
favour
in
established
period,
however,
were
spinning
and
fabrics
the
nothing
but
to
*'
quite ready
the
to
the
was
rain, maybe
day
of
cyclone
the
need.
In
caused
183
it
water
1
serious
There
and
was
weavers
but
industrial
followed.
his
to
question,
of
suffering
prevailing
man
Famine
much
other
uncustomary,
famine
'
"
is
It
falling
there
it
How
old
But
he
were
was
at
you
not, necessarily,
"
the
at
wrong
much
too
was
damsê
state
Mr.
says
to
crops,
over
those
rain, in
in
1833
no
time, but
against
preserved
not
was
agt"
old, too-familiar, story

too
such
the
the
1832
supply
deficient
was
The
In
Great
of
Famine.
unable
the
answer
not
"
1833,
asked
been
life-sustaining
the
"
has
of the
time
It
he
and
British
No
in.
spinners
of
Great
The
by
much
set
rainfall
in
and,
as
of
other
production
was
erstwhile
the
because
frequently
have
Morris,
for
and
unprofitable.
Deterioration
noted
occurred,
"
still referred
"I
soil
of
use
there
and
place,
These,
Arkwright
the
cloth
early
very
Company.
made
cheapened
people.
felt and
specially
distress
their
the
the
at
were,
India
as
Irregularities
to.
turn
East
Indian
the
took
people,
of cotton
kind
special
inventions
weaving
made
among
the
the
by
greatly
and
industry
with
of
discontinued
manufacturers
to
manufacture
the
distress
terrible
was
adjoining
district
^
of
Morris's
all
Guntoor,
Godavari,
out
two
p.
northern
288.
of
districts.
five
of
all
APPALLING
the
died.
people
Guntoor
the
when
hundred
itself
The
"
crushing
and
people
As
"
**
it had
of
stream
there
passed
which
misery
from
habitants
inthree
but
were
Godavari
In
away.
gradually
them
day
other
to
thousand
perished.
it increased
and
hundred
began:
slowly destroyed
Madras
to
famine
of four
out
one
five
had
when
thousand
8i
DISTRESS
flowed
pilgrims
thousands
day,
fortunate
more
the
upon
appalling.
was
to
came
emigrated
districts.
night
and
towards
day
the
south.
''Madras
thither
with
died
the
upon
In
of their
remnants
children
the
thousands
government,
household
dependents
and
paired
re-
posses*
who
had
not
road.
the
cases
many
perishing
of
seat
the
with
sions, and
*^
the
being
daughters
famishing
to
who
men,
sold
parents
their
them
carried
little
off
to
Hyderabad.
The
''
It
"
was
often
and
the
was
directed
dying
It
"
public
for
of
accompanied
the
others
^
with
the
the
relieved
of
ordeal
the
at
working
such
terms
; and
men
strive
to
of native
overseers,
while
submit
of
hunger
the
made
rights
to
which
was
women
manual
labour
decided
some
degradation.
lose
men
all
for
regard
of property.
without
grain
transport
the
escorts.
of
heard
of
such
to
impossible
of armed
digging
tenderly-nurtured
at this
for
of
relief
the
working
than
thought
than
worse
indignity
seen
were
direction
this
usually selected.
was
shame
by
convoy
the
undergo
to
with
they
When
a
be
considered
castes
accepted
became
protection
"
should
one
no
better
pressure
and
It
between
distinguish
to
undergoing
which
rather
starve
''The
and
the
high-bom
to
that
without
work
Ôthers
under
difficult
long graveyard.
one
dead.
refused
and
tanks, the
and
became
relief.
Many
death,
road
most
expense
this
"
northern
great
food,
obtain
the
the
of
approach
villagers
possession
would
of the
grain
turn
grain by
merchants
out
en
force.
6
masse
82
''
**
The
usual
routine
the
During
picking
defiled
sources,
welly
vessels, every
^
eye-witness
of
these
endured
was
cattle
and
jewels
of
outbursts
"
and
''which
was
land,
The
in
at
Coringa
native
the
wail
fanatical
no
still
they
was
houses
except
and
Ingaram
by
filled' and
spoiled
filled with
brackish
the
land
overflow
of
the
by
and
very
water,
and
cause,
undrinkable
an
it is
great.
unroofed,
were
nearly
were
destruction
storehouses
and
crops
were
unfit
the
the
for
water
blown
were
rendered
were
same
was
The
cattle
by
driven
were
merchants'
salt
for
caused
houses
storm.
ruined,
were
burst
carried,
two
the
The
of
tracts
the
of
and
Ships
life
the
occurred
Samnlcotta
of
some
had
were
of
at
great
very
''
vessels
loss
but
cyclone
shore,
houses
violence
the
cultivation
Letters
with,
of
accompanied
was
Coringa.
The
Rajabmundry
large
Morris's
the
European
destroyed,
calamity
anguish,
truth
that
the
upon
inland.
by
property
in
of
with
little heirlooms
another
any
cyclone
wrecked
all the
of
From
an
altogether
fairly favourable
than
of
of the
dismantled
be
personal
whose
for, in 1839,
and
miles
even
around."
evidently
jacquerie,
were
seasons
Cocanada
some
said, four
and
cherished"
parted
rulers, in
broke
which
at
such
no
brazen
marvellous
was
fields, the
yet
village
their
long period
ornaments
destructive
more
inundation
down
it
want,
and
cursed,
wave,
many
not
whole
the
in
their
nearly sixty years."
Very
could
this
gold
following
two
seemed
on
the
was
most
the
to
and
who
the
region
tidal
into
scenes,
pining
thirst
against
trusted;
slowly
'
on
children,
famishing
The
such
silver
go
one
submission
from
dying
writes
sad
yet
and
"
would
being carefully prized
violence/
patience
drop
from
even
the
about
prowling
seen
women
water
of
; and
suppressed
what
the
melancholy.
most
was
edible^
night
at
drop
Deeds
be
could
snything
and
life
village
men
up
watch
and
of
day
streets
COTTON
ARTHUR
SIR
tanks
wells
some
for
were
were
miles
letter
to
Godavari^
from
Madras
TAe
pp.
Times^ by E.L.K.,
289, 290.
by a Lady^
p.
144.
in
January,
London
1874, quoted
Murray.
RESULT
Then
defective
these
But
all
the
eyes
In
Madras
minds
Bart,^
Montgomery,
deputed
of
causes
the
of
Collector
The
cised
administration
be
to
visit
in
He
the
in
of
Administrator
The
82 1,
deeply
Sir
district
in his
the
an
loss
of
facts
obstacles
of
and
course,
became
Enquirer
He
find ?
found
less
of
end
twenty-one
years,
738,308
1842-43
561,041
1779367
normal
circumstances,
increase
of
per
was,
really,
one
not
cent,
177,267
Arthur
when
from
"
1821-23
under
this
"
per
but
should
there
So
annum.
had
been
rârded,
How
332,310.
Cotton
have
the
done
the
lation
popu-
his
work
appear.
Afterwards
.Member
of
the
India.
or
Henry's
information
was,
was
the
at
one-fourth
increased
will
work
Sir
Decrease
But,
district
place
to
Collector
and
uncriti-
the
his
resented
obtaining
The
general
Indian
power
the
occurred.
in
imagined
Montgomery
Henry
population
was
and
lay
incident
was
well
series
distressing
I.
the
as
did
on,
inquiries." *
from
removed
carried
into
the
into
the
Henry
Service,
spot
which
in
Commissioner
the
and
in
Sir
and
unnaturally,
manner
then
aroused
the
on
curious
not
see."
Civil
Madras
ta
officials, that
not
Council,
revenue
day,
all that
his
prosecuting
the
question,
''did
way
What
the
was
called
been
enquiries
of
unchecked
and
had
the
people."
of
could
his
of
minute
decline
the
condition
then
make
''to
and
the
With
there
were
of
they
feeling
Grovemor
the
that
so
means
seemed,
It
uneasy
an
the
seasons
holden
were
of
the
resulted.
curse."
*'
no
were
lowed
fol-
seasons
impoverishment
terrible
prosperity.
great
their
of
83
unfavourable
things^ rightly regarded,
variations
ensure
**
until
ENQUIRY
and
rainfall
another
one
OF
Morris's
Cvdavan)
p. 391.
Cotincil
of
the
Secretary
of
State
ARTHUR
SIR
84
Neglect
3.
InefGciency
of
works
of
2.
and
COTTON
irrigation.
of
corruption
the
village
revenue
authorities.
of
This
his
their
in
their
to
which
Arthur
the
most
fruitful
Godavari
and
thought
and
ment
mismanage-
estates.
the
was
zemindars
the
by
Extravagance
4.
of
some
Cotton
devoted
of
years
life
his
India.
After
"
if
all
Taking
is
there
the
world!^
the
Hon.
after
This
Alfred
questioned
of
M.L.A.,
Victoria,
India
in
enquiry
work
in
verdict
of
profitable public
more
deliberately-expressed
Deakin,
exhaustive
most
the
is
he
it may
consideration^
beneficent or
more
into
things
into
Australia,
irrigation and
its results.
Population.
I."
until, according
up,
number
When
the
work
there
So
far
there
in
is
every
all
or,
districts
as
in
Statistical
1843-44.
half
Abstract
cent
per
has
been
of
India
of
growth
there
country,
Land
is.
always
concerned
are
Rs.
Rs.
times
in
1898.
60,19,2^4.
42,93,383.
greater.
of British
only
Revenue
17,25,841.
and
Census
Revenue.
of
"
two
the
over-population.
Increase
Nearly
300
there
well-governed
Increase
"
nearly
population
thing
sources
Rs.
people
inhabitants.
2,078,78a
irrigated
2.
From
1891,
In
1,517,741,
such
no
was
recorded
of
the
as
reports, the
were
growth
as,
begun
was
Increase
wealth,
land
more
latest
inhabitants.
561,041
With
the
to
and
more
district, the
millions.^
two
over
in the
everywhere
increased,
largely
population
taken
prosperity
with
Naturally,
Two
India^ No.
hundred
33,
p.
14.
afld
SUCCESS
THE
fifty per
is
in
is
revenue
ail the
the
figures
the
of
the
among
the
Arthur
comparison.
has
it is
the
of
as
first
from
thirteenth
the
dency
Presi-
Madras
place, nevertheless,
His
district
tricts
dis-
unchallenged,
second,
and
perity,
pros-
whole,
the
Tanjore
first
respectively,
and
me),
general
from
districts
The
in
widespread
and
district,
leaped
place.
Take
to
fifty years,
The
land
increase.
suffering
than
more
sources
only
available
fourfold
terrible
view,
second
latest
twenty-two
Cotton's
are,
above
people.
point
to
is
for
contented
revenual
figures, while
70,95,481,^
and
all
from
revenue
(the
period
85
period
the
1894-95
is Rs.
; now,
a
place
earlier
ENGINEER
THE
The
in
for
former
poverty
the
reckoned
increase
In
increase.
cent
reckoned
OF
unchallengeable.
3.
The
this
before
jrear
respect, be
latest
Imports
"
Anient
the
contrasted
available
to
me
Exports.
and
commenced
was
with
the
for
return
Imports.
"
1893-94.
Imports.
Exports.
3"88,749.
R$.
9,07,774.
Exports.
Rs.
37,06,953.
Rs-
Combined
Rs.
1,91,66,037
12,96,523
1845-46
Rs.
Increase
of
4."
the
care
from
of
the
112.
Walch's
Report
This
thus
bears
India
Godavariy
accruing
relate
narrowly
reckon
the
vol. i. p.
Indian
Famine
proportionis
contested
of
the
cent
with
estimate
to
wealth
authorities
The
throughout
'
additional
Even
land.
result?
whereby
irrigational advantages
its
per
1,78,69,514
Prosperity.
Additional
available
statistics
The
hundred
fourteen
nearly
increase
1,54,59,084.
Totals,
1893-94
An
the
1893-94,
1845-46.
Rs.
in
may,
the
to
only
the
to
proportion
the
of
district
produce
is
what
regarded,
that
able
reason-
land
the
revenue
one-twelfth
of
154.
Commissioners^
by
Mr.
Romesh
1880,
Chunder
Part
Dutt,
II., p.
C.I.E.,
86
SIR
the
value
gross
land
demand
of
the
of the
this amount
of
to
Rs.
COTTON
Godavari
being;Rs.6,oi9,224p.a.,
would
twelve
by
the
Deduct
land
represent
total
from
sum
one-
left, in
round
dry
all
to
(denied
crops
fluctuations
been
of
of
certainty,
be
from
taken
benefit
land, and
the
by
view, under-statement
Consequently,
amount
thus
employed
in
though
not
during
child
would
Godavari
have
India
"
that
is, every
shall,
the
Godavari
occur
in
so
far
district
for
concerned
British
as
Such
enjoys.
but
in
for
instance
rule,
and
of
government
the
other
that
benefits
which
could
good
great
everywhere
and
which
one
determine
"
be, share
may
is
the
say,
work
British
in
citizen
is to
Arthur's
from
following
centuries,
mohur
gold
This
coin
woman,
man,
Sir
reside.
they
one
mohur,
That
each
a
average
three
past
receives
theirs, but
instance,
every
the
be
may
the
gold
"
in
purpose
from
10
average,
district
results
every
for
additional
the
in circulation.
the
which
make
districts
some
gain
the
People.
not
would
recorded.
5."
The
''The
Improved
other
Condition
inhabitants
the
especially
and
in
admirable
should
be
been
Rs.
15
receipts
full statement
R"
at
seen
on
the
take
currency
often
year,
region
of
Indian
now
not
the
arrive
every
in
than
per
therefore,
might,
for
25
for
absolute
But,
able
reason-
Rs.
or
25
the
people.
rather
wisest
and
Rs.
has,
with
made
here
is
have
There
50,000,000,
representing
as
enjoyed
Rs.
allowance
the
value.
ensured,
value
people,
No
those
beyond
well
the
to
annum.
per
additional
subject
and
annually
not
in
10,000,000
duce
pro-
samemanner
facilities
could
seasons)
Rs.
as
In the
irrigational
the
than
more
therefore, accrued
head
all
that
is
there
tax,
figures,Rs. 66,000,000, sayRs. 60,000,000.

the
the
assumption
this
district
72,230,688.
represent
On
produce.
multiplied
value
twelfth
ARTHUR
of
agricultural
authorities, but,
throughout,
has, however,
I must
been
the
as
perforce take
made,
as
will
of
classes,
I
in
district
be
most
with
dealing
am
this
are
prosperous.
official
official calculation.
seen
later
on
and
general,
in this
figures
deduction
section.
88
SIR
its
annual
;f 2,258.
cost
construction
of
additions,
show
to
created
at
constant
leave
The
grand
backward.
As
the
chain
thoroughly
they
the
rest
of
So
The
far
"
Famine
twenty-
Review
of
Aspects.
Inspector-General
only
not
such
of
decimated'
were
in
1833,
abundance
their
of
out
are
to
is
of
cent,
the
Progress
By
of
this
concerned
than
more
per
256.
255,
pp.
was
five
together
recurrence
still
"
Godavari
as
they
contribute
to
Indiciy
population
which
India."
Irrigated
by
able
are
from
is
linked
canals,
navigable
of
is
district
Kistna
the
however,
are,
protected
that
as
of
that
deltas
Godavari
the
in
but
two
admirable
but
canals
of
system
completion,
famine
Regions.
"
approaching
they
such
pay
well."^
as
Distressed
to
constant
as
only
not
never
implies
and
well
as
tially
essen-
is
It
develops,
profit
superb
is
work.
may
is
experience
scheme
amendment,
it
Succour
7.
Indian
invariably
and
improvements,
as
reproductive
the
note
year
irrigation
Nevertheless
but
eveiy
little
great
but
control,
care,
an
whether
as
blow,
expenses,
by
worlcs,
well
as
expenditure.
**
reports
Very
that
living
new
The
alterations.
or
required
COTTON
ARTHUR
CoL
Irrigation
doubly
the
of
(now
population
Irrigation
General)
Works.
is
'*
inadequate
an
decimated"
statement
on
that
sion
occa-
perishing.
Schemes
F.
in
H.
relation
Rundall,
to
R.E.,
1
I
NATIVE
INDIAN
TESTIMONY
89
Appendix
THE
TESTIMONY
OF
INDIAN
NATIVE
OFFICIAL.*
Changes
GodAvari
in
Anicut.
Noted
"
nAsildar,
The
this part
to
fiamine
cattle suffered.
with
for
"
navigation.
one
Ellore and
^the
"
channels, and
In
canal.
In
the
Eastern
in each
these
from
of the
proceed
paddy
was
Bank
of
number
canals.
irrigation
be
to
now
everywhere. ^The extent of cultivation is 794,829

given in the jamabandi (revenue)report for 1887-88.
almost
as
3.
tion to
The
The
goods.
of
wealthier
the
ryots
prices that,instead
sowcars
were
in
not
by
Srinavasa
Maharaj-Gaikwa
afforded
classes
was
of
so
They
the Madras
coasting
of
easy
in
Even
have
hands
now,
enough
the
to
the
by
of
the
and
acres
addi*
the
of
dition
con-
general high
sowcars,
majorityof
pay
seen
transhipment
benefited
improved
the
in
steamers
for
passage
much
were
much
being
themselves.
their hands.
"Progress in
S.
introduction
navigablecanals
these
increased.
immensely
is
in this district,
rare
the
"
All
deltas.
there
five
are
and
other
transplantation has
Sugar plantation,which
delta,
there
Coringa, Mandapeta
canal
delta
Western
Central
the
also
agriculture,but
in the
canals
In
and
men
district is intersected
of
purposes
canals.
both
people, and
great
drought,
of
years
...
the
main
two
are
Narsdpur
navigable,and
are
for
only
There
a Bank
of
lot
is
Goddvari
the
across
country.
Cocanada,
is also
There
of
Pensioned
MudalioTy Esq,^
its construction,the
not
Amalapore
Samalcottah,
the
Since
canals,useful
the
the anient
of
of
inevitable
the
was
S, Nathamunni
by
Construction
the
since
Goddvari.
construction
boon
District
they
them
are
for Government
Presidency during the past Forty Years,"
Dewan
Raghava
Iyengar, ci.E., now
of Baroda, G.C.S.I., pp. ccxi.,ccxii.
to
H.H.
the
dues.
rich
The
them
Brahmins,
while
the
labourers.
have
The
number
of
Vlzagapatam
various
famine
of
of poor
people
coolies, palanquin
labour
and
cheap.
some
are
farmers
far
so
build
substantial
their
unlike
of
place
implements
do
plough
of
and
found
canal
is easily turned
raised,
but
growth
from
The
4.
Prior
village
leading
and
men
to
called,
was
failure
a
*'
of
matter
Inam":
no
before
is
very
great
of
only
Swedish
bullocks
ryots
tilling;
tillingand
the
is
also
second
the
which
richer
the
Even
crop
months'
three
is chiefly used
become
the
the
by
valuable.
joint-rent system
jointly
of
rain,
of
to
the
substance
dues.
and
in
experiments
ordinary
the
time
It
getting
An
ing
labourof
acre
"30.
to
Government
of
owing
men
quality.
has
out
for
requires
some
now
use
in
the
several
transplanted.
April,
anicut,
rented
was
payment
land
the
to
for
to
;îo
from
water
back,
years
here
general
still in use,
are
it failed.
land
Iron
jaggery.
effective
and
to
been
has
improvements
any
heavy
too
the
inferior
February
sells
district
and
up
it is of
classes.
this
introduce
to
it,for
with
Some
in
so
of old
ploughs
found
was
not
been
not
of
are
are
deep.
into
this
for
which
learnt
There
ones.
sugar-cane
The
land
attempt
use
from
very
upstair buildings
and
manufacture
the
has
have
They
ryots.
slovenly
have
tilling.
but
it is flooded
lands
in
There
the
the
no
land
become
to
as
irrigation
by
houses,
and
ones,
brought
was
made,
here
wooden
furrow
not
were
thatched
juice.
of
fashionable
and
improvement
all the
out
permanently,
here
condition
agriculture
condition
extracting juice
for
the
in
the
former
considerable
in
their
in
improved
increase
vast
materially improved
mills
remained
have
them
rendered
This
themselves.
The
3.
of
Most
labourers,
field
servants.
in
here
employment
as
siderable
con-
districts
neighbouring
found
domestic
and
bearers
in
brought
themselves
engaged
They
the
who
Ganjam,
and
cattle, ploughs,
1877
from
poor
themselves,
lands
the
of
and
1876
lands, taking
general, being
enough
inam
on
cultivating
means
and
ways.
inamdars
of
capable
ryots
largely
money
The
leases.
not
are
lend
ryots
long
on
COTTON
ARTHUR
SIR
90
the
very
ryots
in
as
village, and
paucity
the
grant
of
of
leasing
difliculty. Nobody
gift,especially
Each
use.
responsible
of
account
amarakam,
great
the
of
held
were
On
was
land.
for
the
the
product
out
used
was
to
forward
come
tahsildars
really
take
to
used
painful sight
by irrigation that
Government
darkhasts,^
for
that
The
the
enjoys
of
ryotwari
the
his
labour.
Funds
Local
Acts
considerably
attended
to
number
are
tanks
four
now
of
and
Much
courts
in their
only
win
expected
land
was
revenue
'
now,
more
respect
in
Darkhast
realize
complete.
people's
tation
sani-
places.
remote
that
increased
subâssistant
The
Ellore,
at
it is
the
anicut.
the
siderably
con-
swell
to
People
country
quite
Sir
the
take
and
up
odd.
land
every
it
was
Cotton,
at
when
for
caring
what
existence,
report
more
is in
Arthur
district
revenue
are
The
;^6oo,ooo
or
the
unlike
the
of great
source
their money,
the
;^38o,ooo
to
third
been
away
its
of
have
purse.
owes
from
been
goes
and
;^5oo,ooo
spectors
in-
district is
The
also
money
revenue
is besides
also.
have
work
of
place
There
another
bad.
application
the
ago.
taluk.
squander
or
of
be
years
pleader's
and
Now,
to
an
in
even
directions, which
all
good
land
''
indigenous
; the
increased
Cocanada.
people,
gigantic
appears
each
this
condition
to
convenience
the
to
considerably
eight
at
cause,
the
dug
Narsdpur,
fill the
to
this
added
multiplied
so
fourth
construction
genius
project
at
proceedings
estimated
and
in
lives
their number
wells
or
one
of the
their
the
to
have
all
reaps
respect
more
clothes, and
have
for
prosperous
whose
tem,
sys-
one
to the
and
reckless
prior
and
in
district, in
in
happiness
litigation.
way
this
By
Government
greatly
whole
the
improvements
The
in
its place.
commands
has
seven
in advance
to
no
one
some
Rajamundry,
of civil
in
benefit
deputy-inspectors (sub-assistants)and
stationed,
are
source
the
and
and
inspecting schoolmaster
6.
derive
ment
assess-
pay
taken
Roads
villageschools
of
deputy-inspector
at
with
forward
come
has
have
improved
assistant-inspectorfor
an
among
entirely disappeared except
better
people everywhere.
there
They
the
and
up
has
He
wears
taken
competition
they could
with
directly
value
much
so
fasli,ofifering to
the
though
It was
way.
The
schools
The
of
comforts,
more
the
end
deals
of
comfortable
5.
the
renting system
ryot
benefit
the
year,
hill tracts, and

each
land.
to
whole
the
is great
There
right
at
even
year.
the
is
the
it, and
of
acquired
land
of
91
substance.
of
has
inch
every
portion
men
land
the
easily paid.
secure
or
some
on
Now,
almost
dues
to
ryots
it
force
to
village
the
up
CLOTHES''
BETTER
COMFORTS,
"MORE
to
seems
;^2
to
20,000,
the
whole
1887-88, the
Other
cesses^
for cultivation.
peishcush^
villages,
ferry
come
fund
grand
that
are
income-tax
the
which
amount
"
Peishcush
exempt
from
of
full
the
some
forty
the
quit-rent
assessment
upwards
to
district
the
great
years
taken
from
benefactor,
and
inam
on
Salt,
odd.
and
amount
revenue
estimated
roughly
"
of
quit-rent
estates,
^^140,000
to
up
and
total
nearly
'
zemindari
from
COTTON
ARTHUR
SIR
92
of
all
Sir
inam
opium,
abkiri,
The
^^60,000.
reaches
sources
Cotton,
Arthur
ago.
for
lands
which
for
any
reason
CHAPTER
VII
PART
The
"Beneficent
most
Work
Profitable
and
World
the
in
its
Construction,
"
Godavari
The
which
skiU
order
has
to
them
irrigating
or
land
hitherto
of
from
of
the
from
its
island
It
either
Large
and
side,
thus
and
and
tanks
on
of
tracts
waste,
thus
Af
"
Godavari^
Godavari
of
causes
the
and
building
when
"
district
that
of
the
"
urged
'
with
the
Irrigated
in
anicuts
remedial
by
the
1835.
the
the
Hon.
93
A,
Cauveri,
followed
He,
then
was
examination
of
Deakin,
lector
Col-
bestowed
required
region
Henry
been
river
had
measures
as
thorough
Indsoj
had
which
improvement
district,
Sir
blessings
of
use
into
inquire
to
the
seen
good
congratulation
selected,
intelligent
the
for
ago,
retrogression.
had
Coleroon
had
Commissioner
Commissioner
by
inhabitants
years
as
He
the
dealing
sixty
its
serious
most
astonishing
Rajahmundry
strongly
the
Tanjore.
of
and
selected
the
Montgomery,
on
than
gentleman
the
the
district
more
reason,
in
orris's
109.
p.
THE
land,
were
channels.''
in
sea,
dependent
river.
is
island,
the
to
on
been
streams
engineering
to
waters
desolate
innumerable
of
India.
country
the
and
feat
British
hitherto
arid
left
by
in
river
has
water
been
fertilized
and
which
of
supply
noblest
progress
surface
the
over
fitful
had
reached
unprofitable
copiously
the
on
which
the
the
the
across
its
Success
accomplished
thrown
arrest
spread
to
been
yet
barrier
gigantic
is, perhaps,
anicut
Inception,
its
Irrigation"*
the
p.
255.
the
therefore,
for
the
called,
Godavari
SIR
94
delta
by
experienced
an
its
of
In
the
He,
too, had
condition
south
of
the
of
As
report
Godavari,
in
Northern
trade
in
cotton
of
the
cultivation
be
"An
keep
felt
of
of
the
decline, if
in
than
more
had
trade
export
the
deeper
say
it
offer
for
of
of
the
in
the
export
ment
impoverishthen
suggests
this
would
and
richer
his
being
the
continue
trade
is
trade.
this
both
for
how
only
much
I have
lately
subject, especially
the
the
came
cane,
sugar."
fostering
Cotton
acutely
which
covered
dis-
not
of
cultivated
to
to
not
manufacturing
as
The
severely
prospect
Captain
matters
already
is calculated
on
argument
show
of
cloth
former
pan
which
is
fairest
has
necessary,
aspects
the
to
way
industry.
inevitably
must
the
who
in every
and
trade
I could
vacuum
with
observations
in
the
other
tendency
cultivation
to
Mackenzie,
"to
export
information
Proceeding
of
; he
activity
for
compensation
also
has
and
the
sugar
void, but
Mr.
from
of
state
substitute
what
obtained
loss
believing
wrote,
districts, and
some
fill this
Board
Delta
consequent
powerful
of
Happily
to
the
to
Cultivation
export,
he
most
failure
these
in
the
the
population
for
sugar
trade,"
the
the
of
the
to
the
and
population
effect
has
time.
substitute.
export
countries
his
little
to
Sugar
alludes
cloths,
of
promising
with
large part
well
distressful
the
to
addressed
Irrigation
connection
He
very
all
district
he
the
on
Circars.^
directed
idle.
labours.
1844,
May,
as
his
velopment
de-
been
all
were
engross
prosperous
of
the
to
himself
not
not
thoughts
once
scene
early
Revenue
his
the
could
they
had
had
groyne-building
but
view
resources.
father
and
with
engineer
my
erection
themselves,
COTTON
irrigation
meantime
Church
in
ARTHUR
of
continues
he
had
before
an
"
studied
him
to
"
:"
"
They
after
There
This
and
term,
refer
the
two
are
to
in
ways
of the
that
certain
districts
overthrow
of
of the
dominions
the
Ceded
ceded
Mahrattas
of the
diminution
which
Districts, not
to
and
Nizam
the
in
of
of
price
infrequently
British
may
occur.
Government
connection
Hyderabad.
with
soon
the
solidation
con-
SIR
96
the
and
felt
trust
bring
this
**
the
at
revenue
the
by
the
Board
the
prospects
of
of
general
report
division,
especially
which
flow
He,
of
effective
an
The
1st.
2nd.
river,
the
to
surface
with
of
3rd. Surplus
local
rains
Raised
4th.
of
through
In
the
the
the
of
improvement,
irrigation
the
of
more
other
and
elaborate
rivers,
report
"
irrigation,
it
the
river
to
be
requirements
stated
rivers,
soil,
scarcely
can
The
he
the
on
respects
as
world."
irrigation
be
to
"
the
secure
crops
floods.
of
from
from
irrigation leading
the
level
its bed
of
to
the
that
of
land.
from
the
roads
to
the
describing
the
to
bridges,
the
to
which
during
off
Jead
flat lands
and
produce
Presidency.
on
''furnish
to
that
the
of
channels,
district
was
Revenue,
of
added
channels
country
Godavari
the
of
its water
the
should
district
of
Godavari
an
of
of
part
by
bring
the
and
embankment
Dams,
con-
it"
system
destruction
state
submitted
any
recommendation
Cotton
Captain
capabilities
by
surpassed
; with
foreign
the
Board
capabilities
Godavari,
and
the
to
the
with
through
the
climate,
from
its
accordingly,
Delta
for
and
connected
as
and
actual
the
on
by
state."
report,
requested
of
if
in
affected
improvement
advisable
Montgomery,
5, 1844,
of
system
present
this
to
compelled
district
article
an
to
proceeding
my
the
of
trade
be
its
of
to
reference
with
fundamentally
of
bold
would
in
Henry
August
first
than
response
Sir
foreign
more
remain
to
scarcely
attempting
it were,
as
plan
be
must
produce
much
followed
In
the
of
been,
whole
the
thus
distinctly
I have
it
increasing
sumption,
likely
be
then
my
excuse
them,
that
finding
management
in
will
before
subject
the
be
would
paid,
people.
it from
rapidly
COTTON
present
irrigation question.
to
the
ARTHUR
the
caused
by
sea.
allow
to
markets,
is otherwise,
floods
the
and
from
of
the
the
to
its
nature,
veyance
con-
coast,
passable
im-
rains.
area
from
to
be
being
affected,
the
poorest
he
to
says
nearly
"
the
richest
GOVERNOR'S
THE
After
**
deducting
channels
besides
of land
fit for
shows
the
^We
could
have
to
chief
be
may
long,
This
but
fident
of
the
of
its
acknowledged
the
given
support
then
was
of
his
and
of
to
the
deeply
Of
the
lands
greatly
at
It
is
bridges
the
raised
for his
measure
powerful
Tweeddale,
who
remained
one
Godavari
of
of
No
projects.
roads
and
produce
these
bridges,
the
to
markets
communications
detail
he
omitted
was
so
was
in
these
doubt
that
schemes.
itself, he
of
"
labour,
the
cost
to
immediately
the
that
note,
by
have
it
food
that,
and
be
could
the
duced
pro-
is."
the
In
of
increase
one-half,
now
that
no
would
that
so
utilised.
number
here
cultivated,
now
roads,
writes
irrigation
interesting, too,
were
felt, and
great
ever
the
raised
diminished
one-half
absolute
though
out
system
of
the
mencement
com-
supplies, liberally granted
; many
district
its
and
of
who
to
was
conveyance
carry
for
always
in
con-
good
coming,
thought-out
produce
of
to
complete
with
the
it had
sympathy
and
master
Governor's
It
recommended
coast
permitted
in
long
allow
Madras,
the
; both
Marquis
on
absolutely
was
owed
the
the
by
of
owed
strongly
to
to
friends.
he
very
He
as
Governor
that
often
them
to
warmest
offices
schemes
his
he
that
quarter
skill of
father
My
or
feet
completion
originator.
dam
and
the
plans
and
river
embankments
7,365
his
taking."
under-
masonry
with
who
this
determination
two
only
one
its final
gratefully,
of
success
of
not
of
correctness
for
bed,
needed
of
timid
the
his
build
to
of
with
tinues:
con-
most
the
sentence
one
length
courage
and
deal
to
river
total
work
the
devotion
the
gigantic
mind,
In
that
he
He
irrigation.
prosecute
high, upwards
across
islands, of
how
decided
feet
twelve
to
us
was
He
given.
anient,
miles
encourage
control
all
case
acres
which
sugar,"
or
of
villagesi
million
one
paddy,
s}rstem
this
problem
it under
bring
of
by
in
remain
97
of
sites
and
tracts,
cultivation
HELP
AND
rivers, there
utilized
desire
His
sandy
of
be
could
the
SYMPATHY
male
new
roads
Tanjore,
and
on
one
travellers
was
98
SIR
found
to
about
one
be
his
"
it
native
to
the
to
go
last
of
drop
of
the
lands, and
of
the
most
striking
Europeans
in
of
been
in
natives,
the
not
times,
and
their
in
In
with
can
us
charge
of.
has
this
aggravation,
the
native
be
his
when
that
had
stead
inhas
God
He
countries
in
irrigation,
hind
far be-
been
have
the
works,
such
this
fateful
time
whose
mind
keeping
in
the
of
nations,
than
we
has
they
which
the
One
level
Western
shown
more
surface
there
the
means
which
proceedings
which
of
power
the
to
the
to
benefit
however,
and
our
control
of
the
the
been
start
is to
be
found
brother, which,
was
in
at
him
only by
finish,
to
situation
the
of
rightly explained
exposition
whole
of
governments
inwardness
from
river
proceeding,
the
the
in order."
were,
real
work,
to
for
old,
by
of works,
system
ourselves
science
repair
it in
proneness,
of
and
this
The
lower
hands
our
nothing
they
as
is the
to
have
district
executed
complete
the
of
of
in
put
in the
diligently applying
given
"
in
"
disadvantages,
general
modes
knowledge
placed
has
India
past
of
facts
to
we
water
Government
works,
it all under
put
the
write
possession
ruin, when
and
enthusiasm
should
immense
complete
bring
had
under
to
us
construct
will
of
radically defective,
by
day, ^nd
one
burning
he
merely
years,
governments
his
progress,
having
of
in
goods.
unworthy
after
series
and
suffered
for
be
not
hundred
that, in
desire
nation,
partial,
of
tons
ceaseless
long
twelve
wondered
be
civilized
COTTON
than
hundred
Would
for
less
no
It cannot
and
ARTHUR
in
already
letter
that
father
an
wrote
for
available
is
fortunately,
Such
clear.
my
the
tation.
quo-
Rajahmundry,
January
My
dear
We
hear
you
such
are
Fred,
were
good
making
i8, 1845.
"
greatly delighted
accounts
yourself
of
your
very
to
get
your
Sim
health.
useful.
was
letter, and
writes
also
to
that
pleased
GODAVARI
THE
hear
to
doing,
all
as
listen
to
On
of
and
coold
such
immediately
attention
in
for
projects
especially
the
moderate
man
asked
nothing
myself
hand
for
had
river
both
seemed
of
my
of
charge
more
had
ordered
Districts.
by
be
sent
new
Collector
able
and
works
I worked
take,
soon
as
the
bank
of
help in,
I became,
every
line
be
had
done
up
which
of
the
for
here,
with
who
get
in
sergeant
the
level
strongly
I could
ever
put
stronger
pitched
appointed,
on
the
times
something
been
just
As
it do
been
Vizagapatam,
pitched
the
or
had
do
With
make
too
and
Marquis,
one
dition
expe-
now
to
do
this
seven
had
try and
to
willing.
at
and
the
I got
symptoms,
Montgomery
appreciated
this
I
and
could
and
something
the
and
am
well.
on
its bed,
helpful
me
from
surveyors
spatched
de-
sappers,
up,
spot where
many
eight
only
forty
satisfy
me
started
river
forty
districts, and
to
of
upon
looked
answer
out
livelihood,
calling
relieving
miles,
Godavari
had
would
apprentice
ten
my
done
of
of
after
This
In
at
those
all
or
estimated
results
latter
and
was
two
ride
were
them,
to
and
I should
that
of
(the
on.
expressly
well
very
look
the
Board,
Director.
Mississippi
unhappy
the
years),
that
to
its
there
However,
to
anicut,
an
days
officers, six
teach
the
of the
breadth
for
disgrace
with
few
from
the
but
turn
Delta
ten
them
to
something
The
country
which
Delta,
improvement
six
scarcely strength
clear
to
it wanted,
recommending
compared
this
letter
of
for
telling
the
of
through
run
what
greatest
roads,
Tanjore.
for
others,
to
in
Godavari
them
Court
and
I then
the
duties
ordinary
urged
magnificent
the
report
neglect
gross
this, I got
was
am
somebody
seeing
So
was
wrote
;" 165,000.
at
years'
these
I
tired
are
want
I made
help
not
embankments,
roughly
young
what
Government
channels,
for
of
parts
sadly
Division,
ruin
of
state
civilized
years'
everything.
simply
was
and
the
charge
Rajahmundry,
in
these
in
99
me.
taking
which
heard
having
not
plans,
my
LIVELIHOOD
acquaintances
my
about
hearing
of
complain
you
EARN
TO
Godavari.
was
that
well,
was
SIR
loo
made,
that
having got
not
wasn't
One
ARTHUR
from
surveyors
my
I travelled
which
from
miles, that
ten
I have
how
judge
may
you
and
evening
is, one
recovered
strength.
my
I have
and
the
that
site
the
of
fast
them
myself,
than
this
and
feet
in
from
mile)
and
site
nine
of
there
is five and
islands
the
The
finest
an
anient
delta,
miles
is
river
now
having
from
four
to
sea
of
upon
richest
times
for the
enough
a
half
is here
anient
hill
of
feet
six
on
thousand
would
stone
be
of
capable
when
as
of
at
sea.
delta, four
thousand
about
yielding
the
river
as
is
Rajahmundry,
at
water
whole
the
the
two
standard
much
as
of
the
land, certainly
easily;
a
on
(per
averag-
above
commands
net,
very
mile^ and
feet
'
irregular fall,
very
head
alluvial
acres
foot
one
being thirty-eight feet
the
It
the
to
per
eighty
is at
deep
ninety
river
better
four
towards
feet
fall
there
;^5,ooo,ooo
Delta, and
The
three
rise and
the
has
bed
to
banks
full,thirty-one feet
in the
of
hills
the
near
The
thousand
land
it contains
half
fixed
hundred
paddy
bank
take
or
whole
it within
slope
Rajahmundry.
miles
square
the
country
have
inches
the
I have
below
miles
command
river
the
out
where
floods, the
river
mouth.
hills, and
The
turn
the
the
ing eight inches, the

the
in,
other, though
from
four
from
varying
the
of
the
near
them
can
of
for
preparing
site
to
as
locks, sluices,
now
send
to
top
the
in
the
all
mile.
foot
one
the
the
deep
away
banks
The
than
on
necessary
am
find
with
points
Nothing
more
two
slope directly
feet
will
is level
twenty-eight
eight
weeks.
myself
for
hoping
can,
few
high
side
one
on
in
land
the
as
and
it;
investigation.
feet
twelve
and
with
also
and
satisfied
the
it, and
the sea,
hills to
down,
way
have
all
the
from
the
all
for
estimate
an
as
papers
levels
anient, and
an
connected
etc,
river
essential, and
are
preparing
the
examined
now
ascertained
others
la
single level
one
altogether false.
day
morning,
COTTON
could
the
be
lands
used
when
standard.
yards
five thousand
easily worked,
wide,
including
yards
and
; there
yet
hard
h
^
/
I*
1
ii
THE
enough,
MINIMISING
the
on
hand
My
cut
stone.
throwing
the
for
I also
the
this
gather
to
throw
He
the
says
he, thinks
would
me
note
which
by
pay
that
and
sending
propose
this
year.
complete
to
river, from
the
of
write
best, but
advisable,
them
in
I hear
the
hills
the
not,
have
I think
what
is
certainly
which
I,
plans.
even
or
Government
good
district.
inclined
more
really expect
do
to
called
be
to
of
way
the
ruined
has
is
Marquis
however,
the
taken
the
on
what
report
my
which
the
Revenue
of
which
sick, from
me
district, but
in
s)rstem
that
I do
the
on
to
made
Board
the
not
be
consider
something.
not
estimate
an
side
not
would
However,
channels,
channels
new
in
which
water,
ought
confirming
of
south
pains
cold
petty
of
built
all
part
abundantly
do
at
[dependencies
its
will
close
lime
year.
wrote
present
and
upper
anicut
sending
on
i'
the
extent
propose
sea,
stone,
immediate.
any
embankment
the
be
anicut
the
loi
hydraulic
the
the
into
will
return
of
expect
water
estimates
to
for
;"^35)000,entirely
is
first-rate
spot, and
estimate
DIFFICULTIES
OF
Madras.
to
Believe
me,
Ever
affectionately,
most
yours
Arthur.
this
Throughout
characteristics
strongest
through
ran
of
tried
to
they
were
His
great
any
make
praises
"
obstacles
of
them,
and
determination
in
He
view.
then
ment
fulfil-
the
to
arose
had
he
It
always
till
rested
never
here
What
this
Godavari
the
shrewd,
:
where
district
prophetic
he
instincts, may
was
ing,
work-
profitably
"
district
may
become
if this
matter
be
taken
"
in
f
of
his
recorded
^
when
his
exhibited.
his
was
of
one
overcome.
showing
be
That
purpose
little
life
his
conspicuously
career.
difficulties
of
period
was
whole
his
minimise
to
laborious
hand,
is not
expanse
with
easy
of
only
to
the
small
conceive.
richest
part of the
The
soil, a
energy
unfailing
safe
and
it deserves,
river,
an
accessible
it
immense
port,
SIR
102
internal
complete
a
climate
soil
labour
found
in
and
as
free
from
it
opens
two
and
these
and
anicuts
of
of
sand
the
surplus
This
low
the
this
long
them
many
Keenest
built
makes
the
it very
strong
common
his
; and
practice
were
which
he
unique
in
the
Godavari
"
brother
carried
both
out
tion
concep-
and
solely
of
parts
of
upon
the
and
India
English
past
public
suffering,
in
utter
this
storing
re-
it
was
into
cut
"
of
Grand
rubbish,
of
which
surface.
the
account
distressful
and
in
this
safety
no
The
during
inconceivable
on
moment.
watched.
being
pardon
to
ance
import-
and
mass
plastered
follow,
its
that
the
wood,
thin
its
on
than
is asked
little
individual
almost
its
which
extracts
as
on
surface
the
Coleroon.
expended
found
was
more
of
logs
reader
general
by
hardly
was
it, for
to
the
from
"
been
plastered
it
opened,
were
stones,
its
paid
was
has
sum
evidently
carefully
been
always
of
age
over
carried
into
river
unknown
small
which
Anicut,"
stone
taken
was
not
are
of
coatings
idea
Cauveri
has
breakage
work
surface
The
is of
some
sluices
across
but
bed.
which
"
attention
depended
The
he
the
Tanjore
any
mud,
and
with
''Grand
of
year
Anient
under
works
sugar
Calcutta,
into
they
river
so-called
weir
Every
where
also
sea-board,
situation, too, between
mind,
for
masonry,
water
to
well
healthy,
construction.
masses
from
devoted
courage"
schemes,
four
The
the
'*the
truly
undertakings."
theories
these
put
bold
solid
commercial
earnestly
an
notices
Madras
of
be
such
quite
the
such
cannot
under
not
along
dance
abun-
form
day,
forests,
and
sugar,
being
establishment
of
ports
for
he
the
to
all
Its
convenient
sense^
heat
teak
suppose,
climate
superintendence.
great
With
The
ours.
as,
certainly
and
excessive
fully
European
advantages
world,
Government
for
only three-halfpence
of
the
with
suited
perfectly
at
combination
COTTON
communication,
water
and
of
ARTHUR
present
deep
to
state
years
pass
of
poses
im-
responsibility.
tress
ruin, dis-
household
favoured
somewhat
land
of
ours^
SIR
104
of
this
the
four
than
more
of
head
river
thin
bed
alluvial
is
occupied
Delta,
which
pure
sand,
feet
cubic
feet
and
islands
three
by
the
separates
into
river
to
dimensions
The
all
the
solve
it
have
of
execution
which
the
by
of
season
of
discharge
diverted
to
the
others, work
could
the
was
project
without
scale, which
and
it
size
had
labour,
Indian
quite
with
and
primitive
the
difficulties
The
as
NEW
for
never,
the
to
smaller
much
engineering
works
of
means
of
the
execution,
of
task,
in
no
entertained
moment,
of
rude
generally
was
his
scheme.
ECONOMY
DEPARTURE:
was
district,
by
success
But
Tanjore
its
a
be
work
greatness
surrounded
could
water.
which
apparatus,
He
COURAGEOUS
constructed,
which
slightest misgiving
no
the
that, in the
so
on
the
in
where
character.
him.
daunted
way
been
ever
out,
which
proposed
anient
built
had
carried
be
to
was
any
himself
he
The
working
surface
by
be
seasons,
than
branches,
the
of
saw,
"
during
greater
untroubled
he
Indian
the
year,
no
one.
one.
dam,
would,
certainty
the
except
prototype,
of
two
bold
of
each
be
would
to
easy
no
masonry
work
absolute
in
made
be
was
under
described.
regularity
on
go
been
proposed
months
or
lands,
building
by
almost
one
any
deltaic
it
bring
so
how
of
him,
it would
stages
already
river
before
had
of
problem,
The
spot.
river, and
low
great
six
some
the
the
with
assured
"
the
its
which
facilitated
and
in
even
decided
with
the
past
Engineer
deal
almost
commaind
He
the
to
that
second
per
of
millions
half
merely
upwards
floods,
and
one
islands
the
and
it, whilst
over
depth, swept
which
site
control
in
of water
therefore,
such
of
was
deposits
twenty-five
of
third
Central
the
COTTON
channels.
The
at
ARTHUR
IN
DAM
CONSTRUCTION.
Owing
the
to
region
where
Major
Cotton,
of
resource
to
change
difficulty
neither
in
in
in
starting
appliances
a
remark
of
presence
mode
of
of
nor
which
a
such
skilled
workmen
indicated
difficulty,applied
construction.
work
in
existed.
his
for
readiness
sanction
find," he
supply,
can
moderate
the
material
The
of
The
time
is, next
take
probably
two
afraid
The
that
what
of
made
of
with
the
like
or
work
will
thus
be
can
This
ancient
mode
native
stood
for
raised
and
so
work
centuries.
with
covered
work
make
to
consist
of
course
only
has
the
of
danger,
or
"Here,
stone
chunam,
and
given
where
labour
anything
concrete,
for
cause
material
scanty,
and
in
few
On
sluices, the
loose
required
never
renewals
in
years
was
with
mud,
plastered
has
an
and
roads.
rail-
by
at
which
the
has
been
part
ago
cutting through
mass
with
than
more
the
is
it has, indeed,
protection.
under
but
but
of
used
anient,
of
not
broken,
originally
Part
when
rapidly
very
grand
cut-stone,
that
the
nothing
laid
the
sluices
there
which
ready
part
construction
called
many
of
work
the
to
finished
principal part
stone,
greater
of
still without
was
skilled
brought
is the
loose
being
the
as
Tanjore,
The
cut-stone.
the
in
will
work
and
concrete
with
am
occur,
the
such
cut-
by avoiding
as,
of
chunam,
of
of
procured.
be
is such
with
finished
consist
supply,
which
the
smoothed
with
could
surface
the
pointed
are
covered
unbounded
of it
of
works
lined
'^
work,
cutters
stone-
learn, I
to
under-sluices
the
of
it would
and
able
ten
years
that
quarry,
number
where
of
some
more
been
therefore,
principal part
rubble
other
and
this
point
requisite quantity
yet
tion
ques-
loss
stone-hewers
the
forward,
now
surface
in the
I have
overfall, excepting
admit
trials
prepare
nothing
I
much
thousand
one
to
from
section
an
It
about
years
; and
stone
late
my
cause
and
the
important
most
doubt,
no
pounds,
find, from
the
this
of
less
involving
possible,
if
require
construction,
would,
]rear
will
that
trict
dis-
the
within
desirable,
very
security,
to
thousand
twenty
hence.
form
facility of
of
delay
or
work
be
cut-stone
work
the
complete
it would
of
than
masons
more
to
as
105
quantity
great
many
so
so
time, that
give
to
require
the
that
"
wrote,
will
proposed
WORK
INDIAN
ANCIENT
never
found
the
to
upper
concrete.
occasional
been
in
any
alarm.
is
it is worth
abundant
on
considering
the
spot,
whether
and
such
SIR
io6
rude
mode
of
advantage.
vast
a
of
mass
objection
find
in
from
round
to
that
;C20
to
with
flat
any
for
"2$.
so
than
delay
more
of
rails
iron
of it may
added
to
; and
by
thus
down
at
laid
be
timber,
feet
long,
hundred
logs
without
lines
in
conveyed
that
ture
expendi-
railway
short
an
cost
of
from
surface,
excessive
an
; so
it, makes
upon
is
cross
cost
the
on
moderate
so
several
having
may
Such
level
and
obtained
be
can
lineal, will
feet
screwed
be
removed.
durable,
and
twenty
per
main
single railway, including
railroad
temporary
more
my
been
cost
and
los.
thousand
Such
materials
trifling
"2
to
and
has
sawing,
diameter,
mile
materials
most
much
had
have
subject,
without
"2
two-inch
of
of
employment
straight, hard,
inches
length
mass
at
is, twenty
excellent
the
rude
rails
from
at
sufficient
pieces,
for
report
timber,
seven
procurable
that
of
quantities
six
involve
that
use
suited
great
would
investigating
the
that
perfectly
in
of
to
the
construction.
sent
opportunity
thought
of
kind
this
proposed
with
adopted
be
not
may
report
materials
scientific
more
"Since
first
my
afterwards
COTTON
construction
In
but
work,
ARTHUR
great
without
time
confusion.
THE
''
The
that
ANICUT
section
of
both
allow
ample
that
of
work.
will
point
It
the
also
than
on
purpose
to
make
the
the
accidents.
crown
upper
of
bridge,
the
broad
of
side,
It is to
the
top,
time
in the
estimate,
make
while
the
the
surface
of
work
to
keep
the
be
observed
building
roadway
that,
as
to
altering
the
be
fully
feet
two
wall
dry
answer
I propose
is low,
the
plished
accom-
important
very
anient
vide
proriver
also
can
anient
river
the
the
and
year,
to
as
that
that, if this
me
work
so
it without
along
the
To
the
alteration
whole
the
the
at
during
to
seems
gained.
clear
carried
exceeding
be
the
months
eight
being
without
in
BRIDGE.
material
give
to
AS
another
is,
roadway
during
bridge
original
is
this
feet
eighteen
SERVE
however,
and
an
TO
shows,
propose
breadth
is low,
MADE
two
and
under
lower
feet
high
prevent
sluices
will
of
be
of great
water,
while
is
the
but
almost
From
and
that
Major
Cotton's
taken
are
work
the
viz., one
the
central
for
the
and
into
the
(the
with
Five
locks
Two
head
taken
of
RIVER
WORKS.
river
for
end
for
to
amounts
of forty
which
and
sluices
sluices
.
etc
of
that
or
of
yards
; and
build
it
on
the
the
it will
a
execute
coarse,
will
be
extraordinary
the
strong
work
by
seen
substantial
of
be
and
four
the
sandstone
J.
d.
38,800
1,841
19
1,314
16
ii4oo
1,200
3,000
of
magnitude
is considered.
thousand
plans,
permanent
The
hundred
two
that
I propose
plan,
so
the
to
to
as
be
periodical repairs.
advantages
at
the
results
expected
anicut
nearly independent
to
small, whether
is very
the
in
"
sum
partial clearing
"47f557
Total
This
head
the
is included
...".,.
Contingencies,
round
boats
past
the
the
called
"
under
is
them
is all that
(which
an
head
the
at
one
passing
carrying
irrigating channels,
six sets
and
of
part
viz.
main
Superintendence
The
on
paragraphs
proposed,
now
the
each
at
"
hand
in
following
Excavations
length
Leadenhall
in
the
two
upper
those
estimate),
work
authorities,
Madras
be
works
for
channels
present
Anicut
"
thus
will
bridge."
well
there
time
anicut
Directors
THE
side
west
tract
anicut,
present
that
India
the
sluices
estate), locks
of the
during
the
FOR
head
on
sluices
excepting
"
anicut, the
the
work
convinced
recommendation,
estimate
Rallee
the
''The
the
large body
of
might
ESTIMATE
of
country,
East
the
as
purpose
which
report
afterwards
the
whole
the
the
Street,
in
107
discharge
over
go
; and
high
are
traffic
answer
will
none
freshes
little
will
capacity, they
that
so
APPROVAL"
COMPANY'S
"JOHN
of
moderate
close
to
the
cost
the
spot
site
will
There
This
enable
is
stone
us
hill of
is of
io8
SIR
of hardness
degree
hard
be
to
unfit
the
thousand
from
former
of
the
end
of
this
the
facilitate
broken
it is within
and
As
anient
the
work,
is
abo
excellent
teak
quality,
the
at
the
but
there
is
and
under
European
of
the
of
southern
of
not
it
things,
of
carriage
with
in
results
cent,
to
be
derived
ground
of
and
this
if
to
it
the
to
cost
be
by
justify
would
the
PROBABLE
;f 14,250
or
in
be
yielded
at
fair
in
the
the
to
of
state
the
For
done
I have
bulwark
wood
but
open
European
the
of
nothing
as
the
them.
such
under
any
of
the
on
In
rails,
execution
at
used,
was
waggons.
PROFITS.
;f47,500,
of
there
is
of the
construction
most
per
return
besides
revenue,
considered
ought
we
prospect
five
part
diminished.
use
inhabitants,
only
heaps
that
LARGE
direct
This
executing
kind.
be
cannot
part
those
behind
in
any
every
works
of
supposed
though
even
the
if there
that
be
of
of
cost
scale
large
on
reduced.
far
lime
I propose
THE
''Taking
kiln
cost
wheels
wooden
the
modes
their
to
the
Vizagapatam,
that,
mated
esti-
present
at
masonry
are
their
burn
not
good
without
natives
all
materials
such
with
the
using
superintendence
believe
cost
have
executed
be
can
The
gates.
carriage,
considerably
nearly
they
is
it
to
be
may
even
the
superintendence,
that
instance,
sluice
of
and
ing
foot; includ-
cubic
per
and
omitting
reason
is
so
lock
bourhood
neigh-
quantity
any
id.
to
limestone
hydraulic
in
i^.
which
every
districts
ground,
the
at
country
description,
For
rate
operations
the
about
at
work,
masonry
had
the
concur
immediate
in the
first-rate
of
yards
should
ever)rthing
be
to
for
carpentering,
of
of
nothing
cost
hundred
eight
further
have
we
abundance
There
if
will
therefore,
ages
rubble
for
suit
exactly
be
to
of
accumulation
will
material,
too
hundred
several
also
the
stone,
neither
case,
yet soft enough
are
which
the
to
nor
There
latter
carriage,
suited
working,
quarryings,
All
but
in
purpose.
tons
work.
exactly
expensive
for
COTTON
ARTHUR
cent,
more
or
of
thirty
per
benefits
the
than
ample
One-third
works.
abundant
consider
to
in
;f 2,375,
England,
it
would
AREA
the
pay
Indian
obtained
^
The
of
the
of
additional
is led
water
and
anicut;
the
to
which
will
be
may
advantage.
into
divided
properly
results, when
by
means
irrigation, drainage, etc., etc.,
whole
for
clear
benefits
the
and
cost,
ultimate
of
of
the
second,
estimated
now
be
anient
channels
109
the
would
ryots
results
of
heads, viz., first,the
two
throwing
the
into
water
be
probably
of
results
immediate
realised
to
works
the
nels,
chan-
present
in
extent
great
the
by
commanded
lands
the
the
first year.
the
First
*'
effects
We
of
the
the
crop,
the
the
to
way
here
lands,
the
for
be
anicut
of
will
all the
why
for
it does
lake, but
the
round.
affect
not
of
part
Godavari
The
all
the
all
the
conveyed
necessarily
one
continue,
the
year
be
mand
com-
reason
freshes
that
course,
beyond
go
the
extent
it must
Colair
to
me
the
to
work
possible
no
irrigated
and
that
months
may,
Kistna,
below
country
ultimate
probable
perfectly irrigated
be
four
may
be
can
not
the
best
water,
from
water
the
of
crown
there
it should
all the
supply
can
the
as
delta,
is, during
that
and
that,
of
that
into
anicut
whole
acre
every
examine
to
are
It is evident
''
in
interest
the
by
IRRIGABLE
the
sary
neces-
seem
delta
lying
Rajahmundry.
'*
The
is
following
etc., of these
lands
of
statement
the
extent,
revenue,
:"
DELTA.
Sq. miles.
Totaleztent
Deduct
of
on
channels,
etc.,
Or
"
from
an
really
I
tracts,
of
villages^
eight
ten
at
the
that
816,000
land
to
acres
to
acres
about
the
the
pooty
the
pooty
of
have
pooty,
as
one
i,o8S,ooo
272,000
....
measurement
contains
gather
at
inquiries
average
sandy
sites
or
pooties
the
1,700
of
cultivable
pooties
real
The
roads,
quarter
one
Remaining
Or
in Rajahmundry
land
account
Acres.
the
made
quantity
of
81,600
is
pooty
it
and
eight
the
that,
on
village accounts,
quarter
uncultivable
but
acres,
certain
seems
in
entered
pooty
102,000
or
ten
land
acres.
cannot
ARTHUR
SIR
no
exceed
of
one-fourth
the
the
of
contents
villsê
the
of
COTTON
from
whole,
large portion
accounts
following
the
the
of
returns
from
delta, taken
"
Pooties.
Gross
of land
extent
Cultivable
land
Uncultivable
in
I3i5^3
the
village
same
land, being
about
one-fifth
99878
the
of
whole
As
"
in
for
of
bed
of
be
scarcely
permanent
whole
the
of
much
delta
to
be
of
proportion
one-fourth.
as
assessment
the
the
exceed
so
is included
Godavari
the
rather
must
can
total
The
the
average
waste
one-fifth, but
follows
the
returns,
deducted
"
of
portion
no
these
2,705
is
lands
these
on
as
"
Peshcush
the
of
hands
of
villages
in
now
Zemindars
and
"
"
the
prietors
Pro-
73)000
of
Peshcush
.
ment
villages
under
Govem-
management
Permanent
of
assessment
villages
"
43,700
ment
Govern"
"
72,300
"
116,000
;"i29,ooo
Total
.
We
for
thus, in
have
of
increase
an
produce
of
only
that
how
is this
moment,
of
money
to
converting
the
water
of
is
water
shillings for eight
by picottahs.^
it
twenty
the
sea,
worth,
There
at
the
profitably purchased,
which
'
for
Picottah
yards
land
of
of
rate
at
"$0
per
and
pump
used
the
water
the
which
hour
at
cost
four
per
it is
or
now
At
about
of
this
two
raising
and
flowing
into
actually
and
;"'x,200
for raising water
into
hundred
hour
forty days
answer
sea.
growers
yards,
asked
Godavari
the
about
now
are
hundred
two
sugar
cubic
the
and
lands
be
it
obtained,
into
the
in
If
of
run
the
by
hundred
cubic
thousand
for
paid
be
opening
"2o,ocx",
of
Government.
it
letting
fair
;î,200,ooo,
of
of
sum
shape,
extent
hands
great
instead
money
the
to
extent
in the
by
is, Simply
palpable
most
revenue
the
to
are
(the
per
day,
proportion
for irrigatioiu
ESTIMATE
ROUGH
of
the
in which
year
;"'288,ooo.
worth
the
to
this
is at
that
This
yards
per
hour,
be
may
for
allowed
to
that
That
the
have
further
given
had
before.
me
river.
The
delta,
will
miles,
and
the
the
sluices,
for the
of
the
to
the
site
Irrigation
Drainage
works
of
is
of
now
Anicut
as
with
the
to
the
made
I
lated
calcu-
up
of
for
water
the
the
the
twenty
carry
the
the
works
follows
required
:"
its locks,
...
10,000
20,000
10,000
and
other
small
works
of
10,000
bridges
expenditure
of
quired
re-
anient,'
head
river
20,000
"
estimate
of
than
the
the
Total
This
and
not
masonry
''
is
further
at
state
case
I had
the
whole
and
in such
since
aqueduct
an
year
advantages?
the
miles
being
be
50,000
channels
Roads
actual
I have
that
of
order
good
to
locks,
it may
actually lost, just
etc
Embankments
Sluices,
that
twenty
of
for
estimate
in
might
tract
estimate
Present
be
construction
delta
the
that
;î65,ooo,
at
facilities
conveyance
central
cubic
natural
our
view
respect
four
expenditure
roughly
proposed,
now
save
rough
My
put
site
the
to
water
in
would
thought
of
year,
million
way
the
by
is, what
district
several
has
the
district, is shown
favourable
especially
which
the
more
It
upon,
"
of
examination
has
the
it
estimated
before
is
of
about
sea,
this
in
amount
benefit
full
of
crop,
the
be
whole
easily ;^ 1,000,000
question
the
us
great
is inevitable,
only
give
to
of
care
the
land, and
such
some
remainder
into
all)gives
at
The
the
flow
in
land, would
the
to
three-quarter
how
conclusion
The
Tanjore.
the
to
of proper
want
way
to
and
anybody
lost.
of
one
supplied
;^5oo,ooo.
Through
or
are
by
applied
cultivation
quantity,
understood
the
is not
full
lost
profitably applied
be
if
WORK
WHOLE
district
cultivators
is, during
this
the
water,
present
times
OF
may
appear
capabilitiesof
the
as
;"
"
"
absurdly
district
appear
120,000
small,
as
large
the
; but
SIR
112
it is also
well
veiy
circumstances
former
time
in
have,
the
experience
jore;
and,
done
while
plan,
The
of
cost
has
here
complete
much
are
what
secondly,
labour
will
is also
APPROVAL
"YOUR
OF
Company
Honourable
quite certain,
and
done
the
a
lower
here,
Tan*
in
there
make
has
been
improvements
ence.
differ-
great
very
materials
and
the
In
quoted.
with
"We
are,
the
other
directors.
OF
writer
whole
friends,"
therefore,
from
come
whole
is the
tion
posi-
that, although
communication
of
'*
in
be
"
Company's
India,
it
signed
was
and
Hogg,
twelve
the
consider
may
we
there
may
John
W.
J.
the
seemed
sanction
admirably
his subordinates
whole,
the
to
This
precis
loving
your
had
phraseology
quaint
communications
Upon
the
repetition,
some
sanction
So
was.
by
FRIENDS"
London.
in
it
summarised
"
of
STREET.
final
absolutely
course,
be
here
but
advantages
done
LOVING
LEADENHALL
may
provements
im-
during
years,
been
make
my
cheaper."
THE
Of
forty
has
can
which
on
;f 160,000
been
we
expenditure
prodigious
all that
from
gained
if the
In
in
risen
the
place,
Tanjore,
considered.
are
total
had
of
case
;î6o,ooo
at
first
piecemeal,
one
on
the
revenue
the
we
districts
two
Tanjore
the
the
by
calculated
in
COTTON
supported
the
of
report
which
ARTHUR
anient
as:"
"
for
rice
miles,
nearly
or
"Second.
of the
thus
and
of
present
use
mere
Thus
probably
of
tion,
irriga-
Godavari
the
thousand
square
acres.
of
the
Godavari,
of
what
is
for
district
to
produce
exceed
out
in
the
a
of
the
on
the
totally
now
way
not
complete
of
all three
leading
the
the
delta
for
grain
does
in
Kistna,
the
Opening
from
"Fourth.
water
for
whole
millions
two
making
"Third.
delta
the
Providing
drop
every
of
crop,
part of that
and
foundation
the
Laying
First
low
land
freshes,
lost
conversion
sugar
this
of
of
the
plantation.
tract,
which
;C300,ooo^ would,
at
when
APPROVAL
full
is taken
advantage
it, be
increased
"Fifth.
This
;"'5oo,ooo
FRIENDS"
113
distributed
thus
water
over
;^2,ooo,ooo.
tract,
which
now
;^22o,ooo,
would
then,
with
pays
with
culty
diffi-
great
great
ease,
pay
;^6oo,ooo.
or
''Sixth.
intersecting
the
the
the
of
least
at
to
about
"LOVING
OF
complete
whole
internal
of
system
delta, would
navigation^
established
be
out
through-
year.
''Seventh.
Every
of
stream
for
water
pure
would
village
the
with
furnished
be
cattle
and
people
at
all
seasons.
The
"Eighth.
irrigation
the
of
all the
"
Ninth.
tracts
channels
principal
It will
whole
the
extent
give
of about
It will
like
which,
tracts
channels,
present
Eleventh.
"
for
thousand
large
freshes
low
tion
por-
during
cultivation
sugar
to
acres.
of water
supply
constant
taluk,
which
"Twelfth.
the
near
benefit
no
those
to
situated
are
receive
It
mundry
all
them
from
the
heart
bouring
neigh-
probability.
two
communications
of
the
or
immediately
of water
It will
people
have
channels
during
is
water
what
idea
no
freshes, the
delta
the
important
the
to
three
or
from
the
whole
the
Rajahavailable
sea,
people
capabilities, and
opening
of
the
present
channels
and, from
through
of
delta
the
will
any
be
by
of
the
sugar
want
to
whole
other
ing
show-
present
into
first
villages
prepared
and
of
the
be
the
At
thrown
will
throughout
cultivation
limited
being
of
effect
them.
for
water
summer
passing
done
be
can
of
the
seen
have
its great
extend
of
range
this
in
seasons.
to
that
famine
provide
the
J*Thirteenth.
they
will
lines
through
put
of the
out
important
most
will
It
districts
at
of the
water
of
use
all.
at
at
the
once
Tanuku
but
partially irrigated by
providing
give
full
the
GodavarL
of the
thirty
for
provides
present
at
us
thus
summer,
Tenth.
"
at
of the
(about one-third)
the
estimate
present
in
moment
the
awakened
welcome
which
water.
low
to
the
and
tract,
things
the
to
are
SIR
114
Fourteenth.
"
twenty
or
ARTHUR
least
It
;^50,ooo,
is much
less
cent
the
estimated
works
new
did
and
state
in
offer
not
first year,
the
within
cent
yield ;" 10,000,
to
in
outlay
per
the
which
that
the
on
or
than
circumstances
be
may
cent
per
COTTON
ten
of
under
yielded
like
anything
tages
advan-
the
hold
district
this
at
This
years.
Tanjore
capabilities
and
out
Fifteenth.
'*
But
of all, in the
point
as
culture.
for
When
main
Indian
Mauritius
that
while
sum,
The
"
of
of
the
of
Report
the
of
Godavari,
and
that
is
"
tract
The
to
spot,
abundance
manufacture
of
of
time
below
his
stone
this
of
opinion
is to
at
that
opinion
''Major
results
of
Cotton
by Major
the
rich
of
means
to
for
found.
the
most
of
soil
such
of
delta
the
which
of
irrigation.
constant
similar
character
to
ably
consider-
although
fewer
natural
of
the
for
the
building
and
The
is estimated
although
actual
the
neighbourhood
fitted
be
of
present
immediate
ability
practic-
anient
an
alluvial
pooty.
interesting
to
of
and
Engineer
the
river
Tanjore,
"47,S7S"
the
of
be
appears
the
that
whole
in
in
lime
of
Civil
shown
the
double
per
and
able
have
1845,
to
constructed
difficulties, and,
his
in
would
extensive,
more
with
pooty,
per
the
construction
the
which
work,
provided
only ;f 12
Cotton,
the
composed,
already
those
the
supply
be
;f 130
the
becoming
would
is worth
waters
command
to
as
plant
remain
not
rightly informed,
Major
April,
by
will
there
that
of
extension
of
are
we
of
the
turning
height
value
detailed
17th
profitable account
a
if
as
ately
immedi-
will
anient
Water
grain produce
Division,
the
pooties, producing,
the
investigations
important
most
district, is its capabilities
valuable
most
district
cane,
this
unlimited
thousand
sugar
of
the
is executed
this
this
that
us
; and
most
work
three
cane,
with
state
the
of
least
at
present
to
produce
for
to
this
obstacle
single
seems
plantation
sugar
provide
it
outlay
cost
he
will
is
at
fall
the
same
somewhat
sum.
experience
Cotton's
similar
on
works
this
in
subject
in
Tanjore
We
construction
the
are,
adds
great
therefore,
and
weight
to
willing
to
in
employed
carrying
deposited
present
locks, for which

and
On
lines of
and
stones
gravel
have
stone
railways
have
been
the
of
months,
two
chunam
In store.
the
kilns
The
and
miles
in
He
quarry
to
of
land
The
anient,
that
from
and
embankments
across
Rallee
The
channel, and
this year.
far
enough
"We
the
The
are
have
one
line of
the
and
railway
nearly
pleted,
com-
It is two
in
in
of
neither
the
thousand
work.
Rallee
and
shall
^
fair
season
tons
We
thus
with
permitted,
Indian
narrow
channel
the
on
protected by
was
from
I
of
the
for the
been
of
any
position
early
hope
rough
stood
the
nor
the
head
been
not
old
for
new
of the
soon
very
stone
use
carried
channels.
commencing
the
as
shortly
the
considerable
of the
measures.
down
side
has
also
rains
flowed
head
as
of
wing-walls
islands, have
the freshes
very
it
the
Muddoor
has
the
done.
Vijatsweram
this
cutting
operations
freshes
now
from
away
the
river, but
between
to communicate
thus
of
head
was
during
the
on
the
suffered
water
made
the
harm
no
new
freshes.
main
are
of
rising, some
was
cutting
current
divides
excellently,having
cutting
garce
been
first fresh
the
the
by
side
stones
'*
about
"
caused
Dowlaisweram
some
for
part of the rails laid.
time, when
was
point
been
parahs
for the
has
river
has
yards
hundred
stone
length."
one
alarm
the
the
tons
Cut
hundred
embanking
considerable
four
about
rough
thousand
cubic
two
will
near
kept burning
about
cutting
continues
''At
and
heaps
anient.
the
thousand
of
tons
of
day
quantity
eight
of
been
now
and
limestone
line
have
yielding
day each,
the
to
about
present
tons
in
thrown
and
at
this
and
dred
hun-
one
water
fiftythousand
twenty-five
Two
prepared.
hundred
and
quarry,
conveyed
extent
least
About
four
and
sluices
head
by
about
quarried
the
the
carried
conveyed,
At
been
in
are
it is at
river,and
first wanted.
day
are
increase.
rapidly
of
sites
be
railway
the
across
the
it will
a
COTTON
stone
near
fiftytons
both
to
ARTHUR
SIR
Ii6
commence
rains
to
day
and
positing
de-
be
in
the
upon
BREAKDOWN
the
head
sluices
five
at
work
to
come
in
the
can
employ,
unless
earthwork
thb
people
principal
railways
With
in
five
hundred
have
in
have
than
have
we
all
and
every
of
the
five
above
require
not
that
operation,
begun
large quantity
now
people
numbers
greater
shall
we
sand
thou-
two
already
numbers,
anient,
the
got
preparatory
The
too
strain
how
of
sick
and
He
leave
himself
wished
being
that
**
working
personally,
to
case
in
are
be
wholly
and
attend
to
business
''
brother
his
To
I dare
to
with
the
stroke
of
think
not
the
you,
more
total
inability
and
that
to
take
his
of
the
anic
strange
found
food.
no
local
myself
felt."
say,
I
did
remedy,
quite
thus
"
in
am
to
overwhelmed
was
ut, when
to
experienced
in-
an
troubles
writing
I
officers
even
seriously
out
the
be
other
of
loss
doors,
needs
the
in
works
within
must
everybody.
applied
till I
sun,
arrears
of
which,
sun,
little
the
to
of
height
very
even
he
works,"
attend
been
the
the
some
to
The
poured
been
broken
this
he
to
work
outdoor
the
of
and
Board,
it was,
suppose
Fred,
has
completely
and
have
attention
so
only occasionally,
would
his
expresses
in the
weeks,
effective.
officer
niscences
remi-
occurred
and
of
notwithstanding
remarkably
so
and
"It
on.
been
her
health
time
the
unable
be
concluding
gives
in
progress
six
have
to
measure,
the
last
the
season,
to
as
able
for
devote
going
to
the
Cotton
ailing health,
to
was
hindrance
remarks,
health
able
in
seen
was
granted.
was
his
to
what
to
additional
great
robust
means
breakdown
Australia
refers
not
at
sorrow
I have
work,
no
Lady
period.
to
be
where
chapter
that
by
will
severe
this
of
constitution
upon
severe,
portion
the
of
progress
satisfied."
be
to
the
to
respect
reason
the
the
from
undertake
for
at
had
they
come
we
117
executed.
"
he
and
will
year;
thousand
have
considerable
they
HEALTH
thousand
monsoon,
in
again
We
three
to
believe
to
works
locks.
hundred
during
reason
we
and
IN
got
not
but
slight
at
that
floored,
first
of
with
a
a
18
The
"
first attack
cold
water
any
ill effect.
symptoms
but
the
mischief
I
stomach,
have
been
and
sorts
wJlterg I
attend
am
in
and
We
have
this
ture
the
on
chief
innumerable
has
works,
of
hope
any
of
close
at
so
know
not
another
utterly unable
to
*
engineer.
and
difficulties,
thick
operations,
our
freshes
I do
am
repairing
unusually early ;
in
serious, for I
been
through
and
expendi-
our
obliged
was
thin,
to
if
them,
get
in which
state
;
the
would
monsoon
but, after all,they
in
being
far from
are
them
do
satisfactorycondition.
''We
have
widest
got
channel
below
feet
that
intended,
with
with
lock,
one
"
but
depth
waterway
the
breached.
of
the
the
anient,
feet
will
is
The
for
southern
the
be
very
other
so
the
across
three
level
sluices
and
freshes, all such
works, having
thirty feet, the
to
and
breadth,
vide
prosluice
head
the
fifteen.
by
has
its lock, head
ready
of
off at
twenty-six yards
channel
chunam
it
of
and
water
of
hundred
second
it, that
nearly
very
giants compared
for
division
one
(nearlya mile), finished
sluice
under
push
to
'
a
harm
serious
no
of
required
dence
resi-
responsibility of
yet
can
continual
circumstances.
to
that
but
set
the
all
of
critical state, the
trying
few
illness of
times
at
height
already
walk
symptom
offers
very
and
was,
is every
nothing
as
and
difficulty,
season
only
There
works
had
possible,into
it is
the
to
part of the works,
visit any
not
most
the
a
duties
of
is the
monsoon
in such
the
feeling symptoms
climate
in very
leave
to
man,
*'
in
the
placed
am
cannot
su9h
This
works
that
fortnight ;
ever
indoors.
up,
degree.
hand,
do
and
temperate
the
how
wantedy
break
complete
in any
dare
business
to
with
in
I almost
as
shaken
without
kinds.
low
as
all
removed
extended
meantime
little
prevented
have
giddiness
in the
poured
applications
and
completely
yards
local
headache
reduced
so
hundred
it was,
having
was
had
and
spot affected, it wonld
As
of
COTTON
nothing,
was
the
on
the
ARTHUR
SIR
similar
anient, well
soft when
doubtful
sluices
the
whether
and
one
advanced,
water
it
lock
goes
will
and
not
over
be
all the
walls
wing
take
the
But
have
fear,
of
possibility
their
of
I have
and
of, there
need
that
You
have
has
miles
river
of
miles
going
round
divide
the
channels,
four
channel
the
spot,
of
of
admit
not
possible,
both
in the
slaves
**
not
On
be
of
them
but
soon
him
my
this
I think
to
do
seven
that
by
does
the
to
very
miles
two
Our
in
any
creatures
poorest
skill, and
and
the
have
the
"
veriest
the
is the
excellent
most
also
have
promising
most
some
of
set
fellows
working
hardest
We
since
has
had
way
for
the
work.
engineering
days
several
then
it
violently, yet
make
the
ever
young
good
very
officers.
strength
not
which
known.
have
began
gaining
with
Malabarians,
general
energy
I think,
non-commissioned
''I
in
are
deal
material.
the
with
sent
or
one
and
work
named
hand,
Haig,
Young
engineer
the
been
water
etc.,
are
material
seventeen
stone,
there
of
(islands)
if the
where,
paratus
apthat
etc,
line, and
from
the
that
respects
other
four
"
saw.
is
to
lunkas
reduced
bringing
not
or
having
the
of
mile,
worth
straight
this
they
as
arrived,
of
all the
steamers,
;^5,ooo
on
half
chief
mis-
world.
the
officers
but, besides
work
the
and
to
whatever;
respect
yet
between
sand
are
not
heads
probability
heavy
people
the
boat
about
broad
for
cut
we
is
of
idea
no
pre*
estimate
additional
an
buildings, railroads, boats,
apparatus
^
in
work,
the
complete
to
left open.
send
to
hardly
much
fear
to
will,
circumstances
peculiar
reason
seem
are
obliged
to
and
have
not
channels
been
the
to
is
sufEciently
dams
the
hope
dams,
there
for
which
rough-stone
open,
Owing
does
two
;îo,ooo
we
entirely
breaching.
if these
of
will
they
hope
across
strong,
completing
our
site, there
the
good,
left
be
now
channels
remaining
two
established
to
vent
that
state
119
harm.
no
"
such
in
are
ENGINEER"
YOUNG
PROMISING
"MOST
duties
when
effect
who
is
the
upon
has
most
leave
me.
life
competent
them.
rather
been
have
has
lowered
has
somebody
"
monsoon
; our
good
Orr
ago
set
in
fully,
thermometer,
But
enough
to
I must
left
take
in
up
SIR
120
The
''
His
is
is Grod's
matter
of
and
welfare,
his
During
valued
the
of
scene
the
Major
extraordinary
which
after
of
subsidence
four
only
the
hundred
of
body
middle
of
the
the
anient,
the
hundred
and
interest
in
out
the
was
as
laid
fruitful
the
first
very
division
in
yards
the
bled
assem-
third
also
length,
division,
to
in
It is the
occasion
great
"
all safe
make
his
supplement
of
disaster
have
the
of
the
Orr
Captain
before
He
freshes
the
optimistic
of
all
as
had
projects
happens.
remark
In
as
had
set
with
carr3dng
the
anicut
such
prises
enter-
example
an
in
and
else.
most
just reported
in," when
the
he
following
"
painful duty
afternoon,
yesterday
portion
anxiety
engineering
which
unexpected
could
to
in
which,
ardour
devotedly
construction
for
occasion
one
chiefs
his
most
The
down.
an
On
way
imbibed
task, laboured
plans
are.
"I
the
had
who
Orr,
Captain
story
the
length,
in
yards
twenty
found
feet, and
nine
by
Committee
hundred
four
of
height
stopped
the
in
finished.
extent
had
they
1848,
the
1848
and
the
forming
masonry
completed,
when
sunk
were
March,
In
again
was
thousand
one
to
been
Yet,
river.
November,
completed
five
work
the
June
about
of
had
anicut
mencement
com-
till after
done
rubble
at
their
wells
some
the
that
astonishment
October,
of
gate
investi-
inspected
since
be
Dow-
at
others
before
not
trusted
to
and
out,
works
the
in
yards
the
of
rise
early
freshes
the
its
place
with
could
further
nothing
promote
appointed
had
1847, when
June,
all
Orr,
Captain
struck
of
to
Cotton's
who
progress
for
above
want
up
carried
were
pose
pur-
instruments
to
also
Those
labours
his
about
he
took
still in progress.
were
of
Australia,
been
it"
in
had
that
find
seems
do
was
has
if He
himself
to
Committee
works
the
how
absence
will
give
knows
Assistant,
laisweram.
; and
district
would
who
mine
^not
"
the
who
COTTON
district, He
What
Collector
and
the
blessing
purpose.
a
ARTHUR
of
anicut
very
which
to
report
serious
I
have
the
occurrence,
damage
reported
that
to
as
all
EIGHTEEN
INCHES
completed
but
RISE
the
across
IN
ONE
HOUR
121
branch
Vijaisweram
of
the
river.
The
**
front
small
opening
at
for
base
its
the
semi-circular
rollers, and
grass
the
anient,
in
final
were
closing
of
the
opening
before
being
addition
to
since
but
before,
in
that
had
passed.
of
was
broke
river, which,
them
caused
to
I still
we
and
in
hour,
an
over
and
sluices.
half
The
the
new
before
about
deep
and
the
of
rise of
the
unbacked
twenty-two
rose
the
the
dams,
sion,
occa-
an
and
the
topped
such
of
yards
the
of
eighteen
was
and
dam,
say,
wall
that
was
the
by
waves,
of
pressure
that
damage
the
ing
pass-
Dowlaisweram
to
regret
panied
accom-
as
river
this
at
fresh
Rallee
retaining
extension
the
through
being
brought
fresh
squall
such
river
the
of
consequence,
dam
steady
down
right
unlooked-for,
length
feet
week
follow, but, unfortunately,
to
inches,
severe
for
to
The
river
the
very
prepared
days
of
against
that, too, while
whole
breaching,
soon
arrested,
the
semi-circular
small
and
and
contingency
such
the
so
danger
waters
the
against
that
five
seemed
it
blowing
up
injury
no
gale causing
two
against
way,
expected
the
about
place
p.m.
Being
unprecedented,
flowing
the
breach.
the
freely
under
pent
guarded
by
inches
the
up
works,
not
had
season
the
piling
took
way.
water.
hours,
threatened
about
at
over
of
as
and
few
afternoon, however,
Yesterday
and
have
evening
the
that
giving
action
which
rise
with
tion,
protec-
delayed,
forty-eight
Monday
hopes
suddenly,
wind
similar
the
as
height
same
dam
should
to
in
rose,
ago
sides
sufficient
only
was
satisfactory state,
new,
subjected
days
some
again
being
the
main
was
which
opening,
both
quite
me
the
perfectly
masonry,
river
of
event
this
adjoining
set
by
in
Things
and
strong,
so
near
embankment
on
through
the
latter
rivetted
was
considered
the
round
The
clay"
being
was
even
in
of
practically
made
thrown
left
water,
and
dam,
only
being
the
off
temporary
protection.
across
square,
draining
embankment
additional
an
main
quite
foot
one
of
purpose
built
was
point,
one
the
through
oozed
wall
retaining
anient
water
it gave
could
on
be
each
SIR
122
side
the
of
opening
forty-four
work.
regular
and
away,
formed
width
in
for
season
breach
the
fresh, however,
untimely
the
COTTON
washed
were
in
yards
This
before
ARTHUR
the
of
centre
the
subsided,
soon
floods
some
and
done
damage
was
repaired."
from
derived
and
ability
delta
have
to
paid
him
peculiarly
the
which
the
marvel
is that, in
his
and
many
casualties
were
**
with
the
delay,
anient
of
hand
district
the
the
map
Arthur
in
Cotton
ineffaceable
past, present,
and
be
or
end,
statement
day
facing
this
page
future
were
that
the
despite difficulties,
the
generations
expedition.
of
will
on
source
of
of
completion
watering
and
distressed
erstwhile
scored
line
excessive
any
the
to
channels
to
lines, every
accidents
lo^g,
unlooked-for
gave
heavily
The
however,
without
genius
is
in
evensong."
as
of
faction."
satis-
"
the
came
with
take
wide
hour
an
undertook
conceptions,
beginning
his
But
to
contrary,
which
The
district
Cotton's
gratifying
and
navigation
to
on
nay,
short,
triumphant
is his
Here
the
the
indeed.
the
engineers
miles
thorough,
he
of
great
difficulties, the
So
it cometh
length
Arthur
end,
day
the
Be
in
not
officers
me
four
is
advantage
the
give
inches
enterprises
few
very
At
And,
the
All
river
has
there
; but
and
such
serious.
for
preparations
is
The
England
India, hydraulic
in
of
in
kind.
management
it.
eighteen
presence
this
of
aid
standing
incalculable
work,
Here
rises
water
not
were
with
contend
to
the
which,
forces
the
Imagine
in
here
it of
upon
Orr's
works
whole
the
invaluable
Captain
useful
with
interest
greatest
have
consult
to
the
operations
find
not
of
railway
to
with
do
him
in
has
which
in
with
connected
question
Cotton
Major
reports.
noticing
officer
an
consult
to
rendered
also
a
having
he
attention
without
conclude
I cannot
*'
his
of
one
tribute:^
following
the
paid
in
Orr,
Captain
To
how
show
soil
the
of
Indian
the
of
the
salvation
tors.
cultiva-
In
Madras:
I
**
First
The
lock
It
sunk
the
is
things
and
"
no
first
has
expense
(five years).
excellent
workmanship
reflect
they
order
much
credit
cent
on
had
to
highly
the
annual
the
and,
monsoons,
we
the
be
thrown
may
It is also
in
be
one
of
the
hereafter,
has
work
an
the
considered,
be
not
that
half
is
tainly
cer-
now
two
the
per
stood
unprecedented
anicut
not
alteration
every
it will
and
and
There
as
work
fairly
itself
would
as
work.
of
work
three
to
the
give
alterations
such
state
to
seems
the
to
of
apron
This
It
all
them,
the
The
thought
consider
be
as
Only
monsoon.
amount
the
required
year.
keeping
are
on
is
last
into
of
of
of
part
thus
to
work
that, including
One
one
quantity
rupee
the
cost
cost
can
sunk
nearly settled,
satisfactory.
expenditure
cost
not
by
only
total
that
improvement
be
to
of
quantity
enormous
an
now
year
they
exception
repeatedly
insignificant
this
the
has
during
actual
very
and
prodigious
work
sluice
me
the
with
contain
to
prospect
every
without
and
late.
under
upon
in
now
sustained
order,
good
same,
It
whole
proposed
again
in
however,
the
being
additions
also
little of
of
prospect
think
side
the
the
apron.
seems,
stone
Vijaisweram
from
throw
must
very
of
quantity
upon
the
of
Hutchinson
order
perfect
think
to
and
yards,
repair damage
per
and
the
of
examination
an
Orr
sluices, the
for
stone
occur
in
sluice
had
"Throughout
in
information
Revenue
first
the
have
stone.
fair
the
Dowlaisweram
work
as
Under
we
two
of
for
of
mentioning
Head
Third.
it has
is
this
gates,
from
rough
of
Board
tion
posi-
Hutchinson.
repairs
or
the
lock
here
Second.
that
of
the
by Captains
on
help
Captain
'*
report
results
from
incurred
the
**
the
in
"
cannot
of
made
Commencing
been
be
to
to
repolrt
to
following
lately
myself:
honour
the
the
anicut
happiness
123
"
have
Board
foUo"dng
the
send
EXAMINATION
the
had
he
April, 1852,
to
at
SEARCHING
OF
RESULTS
and
manent
percent,
four
flood.
lished.
estab-
like this
is
SIR
124
like
not
bridge
be
would
be
or
the
breach
of
with
the
first
alteration
has
been
work,
The
enlarged.
planned,
and
made
the
in
vertical
in any
there
unlimited
the
that
of
the
be
rough-stone,
with
''
stone
the
be
Can
we
large
people, thus
brought
and
the
the
project
far to
opposition
every
did
so
it has
right
and
in
(excepting
approved
to
hope
out
that
and
be
work
now
ordered
in every
that
in
real comfort
its
of such
way
so
river.
million
so
us
of
culties
diffi-
many
and
from
hope for, and
Home
vast
side,
bringing
issue, notwithstanding
in the
the
by
mass
lower
and
which
from
accomplishment,
North-
West),
authorities, and
public
with
the
I had
which
eneigetic support
unequalled magnitude
hand
on
large
heartily acknowledging
cordial
most
stiU
I believe,
sandy
of
prospering
to
reason
lower
work, calculated
important
thus
the
on
experienced]from quarters
every
work
successful
confidently expect,
carrying
not
God
of
cut-
force
the
But
cheaply,
without
of
think
me
completion through
to
rough-
the
scouring
makes
long slope
the
contingencies,
goodness
it
principle.
and
substantially to promote
so
in
this
see
rates,
one
break
to
was
that
safest
and
of
seen
very
where
yards
here
very
I would
so
as
as
with
anicut, I considered
prevent
of
low
cost
same
rivers
obtained
cheapest
cubic
here,
work
very
at
Coleroon
the
in these
stone
the
at
importance
be
will
of
twenty
I have
can
where
of
what
that
been
Kistna,
the
the
been
has
say,
to
of
originally
as
river ; and
similar
effectually,and
; and
just
no
has
consequence
any
sandy
that
section
prefer building
one
planned
is
could
son
compari-
apron
however,
supply
point
great
of the
more
in
obtained
I
water
channel
of
consequently,
When
stone.
branch
now
safer
stone
it
to
which
observable
original
rough
I must,
I would
fall, as
an
the
utterly
happen
trifle in
is also
in
the
others.
could
stone
made
alteration
no
where,
and
It
cost
be
to
yards,
;f2,000,
or
place excepting
is
hundred
Dowlaisweram
Coleroon,
in the
fiftyor
that
excepting
could
that
worst
;^ 1,000
for
repaired
is liable
boildingi which
Almost
destroyed.
COTTON
ARTHUR
benefit
the
abundant
in India
a
work
lated
calcu-
May
we
effects
ACKNOWLEDGING
which
the
of
adoption
of
the
such
entrusted
to
of
appreciation
that
than
peace,
them
knowledge,
God
has
in
utmost
pleased
because
religion,
every
to
river
I cannot
but
to
am
to
into
it
ing
increas-
an
after
furnish
that
those
that
of
this
is
our
nation,
hands.
our
who
say
our
do
our
to
us
thus
are
only
power
lead
to
those
is
appreciate,
extraordinary
ought
for
care
to
worthy
the
of
welfare
the
There
trust
works
put
sure
way
mitted
com-
us.
It remains
**
especially
of
ment
improve-
Government?
religion, and
our
been
lead
and
series
will
as
thoroughly
more
And
of
of
care,
the
for
promotion
Christian
people
water.
beginning
our
our
public works,
with
the
the
the
125
district, will lead
the
works
extensive
GOD
OF
it to
from
and
country,
people
nothing
resulted
already
have
the
to
GOODNESS
THE
for
about
the
to
me
anicut,
speak
of the
which
will
of
state
require
bed
the
carefully
be
to
the
of
watched.
"
^The
rough-stone
be
seems
to
any
sinking
broad.
am
according
each
than
according
it.
over
it has
also
and
been
the
to
last
Orr
much
too
is
I have
under
each
important
loss
of
of
The
apron.
perfectly
most
this
on
laid
Captain
by
hardly
can
we
have
to
the
as
take
of
cost
moderate.
honour
to
work
may,
A
if
body
for
approved,
of
work
and
the
housed,
conservation
be
out
with-
trained
should
they
men,
resident
permanently
that
of
appointed
thoroughly
is essential, and
ment
establish-
the
that
request
superintendence^
appointed,
considerably,
point, especially
recommended
the
; but
the
higher
now
ought
apron
of
force
it is
as
which
branch,
stone,
strengthening
adding
propose
have
time.
efficient
portion
so
the
now
Vijaisweram
precaution
which
this
hitherto,
stood
rough-stone
branch,
yards
additional
in
in
year
twenty
to
proportionate
Muddoor
large
year
the
this
estimate,
ordinary
to
the
To
abundantly
an
year's
of
appearance
no
fifteen
throwing
however,
this
to
is
consequence
any
from
generally
now,
branch
water
is
of
throughout
anicut
the
; there
disturbance
It
of
apron
established
well
or
part.
any
may
be
be
on
diately
imme-
fully
prepared
for
their
works
any
kind
of
themselves
; but
vigilant
of
amount
risk
of
this
at
other
and
works,
once
those
works
it
the
already
the
and
vast
that
no
is
superintendence
be
may
executed,
as
for
granted
for
required
are
most
that, whatever
trust
authority
that
the
it, demand
of
of
care
require
work,
upon
arrangement
of
system
entertaining
about
run
this
water
take
to
delta
of
cost
dependent
precise
to
as
the
in
No
freshes.
trusted
those
especially
be
be
ever
both
the
before
can
property
should
decided
duties
; and
care
COTTON
ARTHUR
SIR
126
the
anient
temporary
ot
the
arrangement"
The
order
in
was
the
on
officers
associated
be
It must
Cotton's
have
this
period
officer
much
under
their
it will
be
of
the
Honourable
Court
the
ability,
and
they
as
stood
splendid
an
labours
before, but
illustration
of
Council
has
in
of
Colonel
to
the
this
department
occasion
to
same
of
in
they
of
added,
Engineer
to
up
that
the
of
opinion
possible," they
qualifications
than
high
has
which
joined
declared
indefatigable
and
scarcely
very
com*
and
notice
the
Directors."
Directors
praise. They
their
record
of
the
congratulating
on
bring
of
Colonel
of
obligations
services
Court
the
Division, thathe
success
officers
to
and
undertaking.
First
in
may
the
Cotton
Grovernor
his
Colonel
Government
to
; and
the
duty
the
the
has
through
termination
the
recording
Orr, and
which
great
results, the
agreeable
well-deserved
is
in
plans
anient,
this
anient, and
his
of
Colonel
notify
to
report
of
with
orders, for their
his
Later,
to
the
happy
Captain
Cotton,
enabled
attended
pleasure
in
Council
completion,
at
connection
been
these
on
Godavari
highly gratifying
plete stability of
him
in
the
energy
with
immediate
should
the
above
"
Governor
arrived
and
exertion
unceasing
the
of
have
to
terms:
satisfaction
state
said
be
appreciative
much
receipt
on
Honorable
with
Cotton
now
and
Right
received
Government
the
cordial
''The
''
of
the
constrained
were
science,
place
hydraulic
the
Godavari
his
powers
of
practical
Cotton.
Major
''to
of
chorus
this
"
It
that
officer's
works
higher
anient
is
mind
and
new
self-
GOLD"
"LIQUID
from
devotion,
so
largely
must
have
akeady
This
in
the
be
the
required
the
extend
anicut,
would
by
stated
the
and
in the
Local
addressed
when,
Governor
as
In
Perhaps
British
with
rule
than
visit
thirsty
terrible
Now
such
rapidity
as
days
In
parts.
the
the
these
to
it
past
horrors
be
visitations
is said
no
one.
and
it
myriads
in abundance
of
and
severest
happened
India
Godavari
form,
that
whole
the
Nandana
year
by
year
all
largest
who
on
with
its
knew
in
again, as
in
town
these
than
more
Kistna
put
in
the
suffered
and
small
died
become
and
this
of
Excellency's
your
perished
dieir feet, and
people
at
of
having
to
the
been,
honouring
only
was
likely
of
irrigating
for
to
town.
benefits
the
now
famine
give
to
flourishing
are
wonder
seems
have
you
increasing
of
part
desire
this
people
and
the
their
It often
Guntoor
source
to
of famine
in
the
town,
Indeed,
times
the
tricts.
dis-
Reception
Local
the
Bezwada
from
ie.
a
territory between
terrible
flowed
ruins,
K.CS.I.,
northern
the
scheme
operation,
it is
condition.
ancient
out
into
famine,
1832.
beneficent
the
"
to
spot
of
on
Duff,
exemplifies
more
picturesque
the
partly in
year,
from
the
came
Nandana
former
India
Before
land
village, and
in
place
no
be
may
town
Bezwada,
of
preciated
ap-
of
welcome
right hearty
is
Members
Grant
say
people
done
and
visited
he
people
the
of
name
of
GATION.
IRRI-
therefrom,
".
Members
and
been
has
Bezwada,
M.
the
OF
President
Madras,
address
in the
Excellency
your
of
President
Committee,
the
Sir
to
their
the
We,
of
Committee,
Reception
Kistna,
**
words
that
and
sanction.
benefited
have
the
benefit
the
district
what
gratefully
who
those
that
BENEFICIARIES
FROM
cation
gratifi-
the
early
PRAISE
greatly
of
officer
much
as
diligence,
other
all parts
receive
ENTHUSIASTIC
best
all possible
and
the
to
followed
which
Rallee
to
received
he
that
with
the
to
How
gratifying
highly
been
recommendation
of
has
country
benefited."
prosecuted
opening
the
which
of
exercise
But, it is certain
praised.
works
the
127
father
pointed
liable
as
record
villages were
this
to
very
lated,
depopu-
the
water
that
only just below
the
level
for
want
of
128
ARTHUR
SIR
their
of
the
dying
huge
volumes
of
yellow
fertilising,
the
be
to
cropsi
swallowed
flowed
water
silt,gathered
the
by
greedy
grandly
river in
the
by
its
rich,
with
laden
on,
As
ocean.
through
course
Deccan,
THE
ENTHUSIASTIC
GENERAL
SIR
anicut, with
The
it into
solid
have
Government
lost
in
sides, and
had
year,
the
coast
would
present
money-lenders
the
"
money-lenders
the
years
that
forgotten
during
in the
things
great
Like
with
for
could
Arthur
Cotton
another
one
Writing
pages.
value
Colonel
all
the
the
longer
sowcars
in
dire
the
"
that
poverty
almost
should
we
has
that
and
famine
is
men
it is meet
these
done
Jaipur,
of
canals
will
Sir
Arthur
after
man
named
Cotton's
am
with
revising
these
Mr.
Nash,
i,
testimony
whose
later, speaks
quoted
be
eminently
Pre-
gifted
May
on
Guardian^
Manchester
the
been
whilst
India,
Central
whom
upon
Overseer
have
notice
work
to
implicitly.
Hindu
to
my
few
trust
seems
privileged
not
could
under
comes
from
[a
Jacob
and
been
was
who
irrigation
of
he
these
special correspondent
the
middle-aged
found
whom
and
Veranah,^
Such
of
have
who
amongst
duty,
and
on
and
Even
its
be
of
No
of
tiie
to
smiling crops,
extinct
Government
good
others
rely,
Veenem
do
this
grasp
their
almost
to
period
seeing.
in the
on
beauty
between
among
childhood
the
to
madly
of
us."
many
Indians,
he
"ils
the
coffers
later
and
hungry
the
worth
held
or
general prosperity
gratitude
express
sight
become
never
at
country
rejoice
people
have
Kistna
existed
with
existence,
bare
and
dashing
of
come
flat
of
you
of
spreads fertilityand
now
tracts
bread,
place
Excellency
your
extensive
struggling for
the
Kistna
the
sea,
mouths
the
with
In
money.
IT
certainlyturned
of canals, has
stroke
filled
CALLED
COTTON
gold/
system
one
been
with
the
At
ARTHUR
LIQUID
its ramified
gold.
dying people
to
COTTON
heart],
own
first, of
next,of
and
'
his
Indian
the
the
The
the
god
genius
Rai, whose
on
assistant
country,
were
the
of
of
frontier
use
people
water,
and
the
and
in
be
the
purposes,
him
beseech
a
when
that
irrigated
to
Soudan.
Corps
of
and
he
to
who
Dhaupat
is
Jaipur State,
of
canals.
cultivating the
have
now
if he
as
been
in
service
on
charge
he
nullah
"
Dhaupat
transport,
which
about
goes
him
surround
give them
officers
is
Jacob
Colonel
districts
organiser
famous
familiar
Transport
for famine
the
is
nullah
will
told
am
of
name
Imperial Service
good
'*
has
of
the
turned
and
organ-
to
AN
SUB-ENGINEER
INDIAN
129
exceptional qualifications for conducting engineering

well
as
native
labour.
cannot
say
his
for
as
Of
less
the
works
He
appeared."
and
the
for
Indian
no
all
to
equal
continued
in connection
many
with
the
have
render
enterprises
had
has
title of
to
years
he
which
of
accomplishment
for
how
him
the
with
the
see
could
sub-engineer
not
European
at
of
of
state
I do
no
Indian
an
"
wrote
found
not
commenced,
made
and
service
successful
had
we
executed,
was
Bahadur,
excellent
if
were
been
have
supplied his place,
Rai
that
thus
qualifications, considering
district when
could
Cotton
of
bodies
large
managing
Colonel
him
than
remarkable
they
directing and
tions
opera-
the
to
largely
so
contributed.
On
the
of the
one
of the
walls
following inscription
V.
is
there
anient
tablet
bearing
"
VERANAH
Rai
GARU,
Bahadur,
Sub-Engineer, D.P.W.,
Obiit, Oct., 1867.
Soon
after
became
Chief
Engineer
of the
Godavari
works
(now
General)
the
chief
the
F.
in
charge
second
to
the
following
Among
the
from
and
and
the
daily task,
are
of
Henry
starving
horsed
are
run
only
results
grand
the
in
was
is
which
anient,
anient
tributes
in it
do
and
tape
; his
it ; his
by "vq
and
with
his
to
the
gangs
as
of
is
know
clad
corporals
in
;
sub-
the
was
language
warm
The
amusement
worth
durbar.
workers
depdtfcjor the
in
sort
Jaipur
orphans,
orphan
him,
person
of
paid
were
Of
Forbes.
this entirely competent
governed
are
construction,
their
in
been
had
Orr, who
Captain
Kistna
employed
solidly thatched
well
the
whom
to
league of red
out
yellow,
officer
workers
7,000
Major
its construction.
those
little finger of
code
Cotton
Dowlaisweram
Collector, Mr.
isiDg
charge
brother,
his
by
the
and
Presidency,
assumed
was
executive
placed
the
of
Cotton
anient, Arthur
the
of
completion
whole
His
huts
famine
are
exactly
dug
is
what
surprising jackets
his
collection
ambulance
of
the
of
wagons
sick
military precision."
9
and
SIR
130
of
grateful eulogy. Sir

the
made
God,
measures
could
Henry
already
have
been
the
respects
as
few
in
had
vessel.
The
They
did
it
would
by
what
the
Bay
of
transit
of
could
and
in
the
was
very
to
short
river, and
its
steamers
value
was
useful
that
do
of
in
When
be
to
held
boat.
matter,
time
of
be
proved,
that
built, and
the
the
were
was
it, he
of
a
him
and
with
one
great
that
essential
enterprise.
and
they
to
the
that
up
they
and
down
So
much
use.
of
similar
Madras
were
bay
offer,and
the
flotilla
at
the
down
plying
authorities
for the
sea
to
accepted
small
was
what
safely
very
the
wondering
came
was
acknowledged
but
of
difficulty;
a
Godavari,
He
steamer
to
for
stormy
man
the
cutta
Cal-
to
progress
paid
he
boat
once.
the
proved
the
of
direction
and
only trusted, he,
were
mouth
his request,
went
the
too
purchase
responsibility.He
to
as
vessel,
he, knowing
own
be
to
take
its
with
from
insurmountable
Just
if he
sanction
had
an
works
such
purposes,
he
the
of
oversight
his
on
and
steam
obtained
neceessary
on
this at
adjunct
completion
was
be
comply
towing
one
the
in
generously
a
for
it in the
ready
were
not
was
small
him
place
fit to
prove
others, would
two
or
Bengal
to
to
absolutely essential
done
informed
Revenue
see
time.
carrying
heard
having
appeared
so
be
it
up,
of
provision
steam-tug,
was
arose,
that
met
of what
OBTAINED.
WAS
for
not
it
it
at
IT
apparatus
of
purchased
considered
HOW
the
that
and, if need
and
private improvements
was
Arthur,
Board
value
works
or
the
telling him
that,
indeed
said
in advance
removed,
need
to
to
him.
what
be
Sir
applied
be
that
degree
difficulties \idiich sprang
many
plant
Calcutta
by
the
to
found
wa$
to
yâxs
AND
TUG,
Included
District
active
aga"
STEAM
which
is ten
under
and
vigorous
and
have
we
entirelyowing,
; it may
getting public
months
is
the
raised
expected
effected,this District
a.
have
we
''That
wrote:
Fcn^bes, whose
have
not
Arthur
that
progress
Mr.
to
COTTON
ARTHUR
ually
eventnot
progress
only
and
APPARENT
SUCCESS
Year
and
by
channel,
made
were
In
waters.
considerable
for
of
quarter
been
the
million
that
considerable
effect
will
give
this
year,
and,"
adds,
he
the
to
the
by enabling
have
doubt
rains
it
that
of
this
their
begin
to
to
the
when
cultivation
people
cubic
powerful
so
no
at
were
lines
have
already
million
main
will
About
had
effectually
^^
channels
people
two
alone
tract
character
new
this
relieve
to
as
the
seeing
at
earth
complete
open
This
**
of
more
vivifying
Lake.
thousand
to
the
great
Colair
yards
were
thus
and
breadth.
moderate
are
They
of
after
and
more
the
cutting
four
nearer
satisfaction
the
cubic
about
and
year,
in
near
of
them.
upon
yards
an
country
excavated,
work
made
ever
influence
his
came
canal, channel
and
the
expressed
progress
draining
after
opened,
under
he
1853
conception
Canal
and
brought
was
Cotton's
fulfilment
to
nearer
acreage
Arthur
year
131
tract
cultivation
earlier."
much
It
have
must
reminiscence
about
with
he
found
that
this
time
that
apparent
been
the
himself
to
and
write
works
the
readily
more
was
able
of
success
money
gratification
mingled
sad
From
"
became
so
for
their
granted
development."
So
far, in
these
pages,
regarded
in
their
aspect
has
said
been
But, though
that
Arthur
them
the
to
almost
this
By
time,
utilityof, and
that
could
were
arguments
least
of
which
take
made
in
was
an
been
which
not,
his
for boat-traffic
as
become
he
if he
to
the
serve
plenty
that
have
would
in
for
cultivators
irrigation supply
of
were
unless
he
on
hour,
one
might
water-ways
designed
field-inundation.
convinced
designed
double
favour
silent
for
Indeed,
respect
had
navigation.
temporarily
was
been
Nothing
respects
as
mind
this
have
media.
necessity for,the provision
even
be
in
strongly
so
it is doubtful
not
to
much
as
have
service
great
canals
irrigating
as
Cotton's
country
Giodavari
usefulness
pages
of the
render
their
these
point,
unmindful
of
the
of
of
cheap
works
views,
There
not
frequently
they
were
sit,
tran-
which
purposa
his
the
the
ant
reluctassured
ARTHUR
SIR
132
of
carriage
water
without
such
would
not
opportunity,
the
repay
the
wrote
of
of
the
cost
of
the
nothing
that
this
can
we
the
it does
coast
there
year.
is
of
part
it
depends
If
than
excepting
present
of
want
again
on
the
an
average,
increase
of
produce
increase
grow
hundred
certainly
one-half
and
contingencies)
the
export
being
I
of
thing,
can
will
the
quantity
main
export
works
sequence
con-
with
Rajahmundry
new
cost
in
the
one
upon
too,
rice, tobacco,
and
communications.
great
and
year
extraordinary
the
that,
comparison
it did, it may
The
and
for
unlimited,
what
;f 140,000,
to
every
market
be
trade, which
increasing,
fact, in
absolutely prevent
by
the
; besides
to
export
^^30,000
The
produce,
the
the
decreasing
now.
of
cost
stop
of
make
to
rather
me
is
production.
its
to
produce
from
always
course
not.
or
twentieth
stationary,
is, in
things cheaper
what
an
tions
communica-
roads
become
delta, almost
taken
be
them
interchange
make
at
upon
have
cheaper
from
works.
new
this
of
even
without
that
produce
oil-seeds
and
will
to
that
the
nor
to
upon
render
it exports
than
years
of
quantity
of
that
ten
sudden
obtaining
would
must
seems
conclude
to
the
unless
he
"
latter.
in
on
that
goods
convey
question
there
should
(of
will
increased
reduce
1853
"
depend
not
much
very
navigable
The
are
times
come
does
exist
it is
the
by
Again.
these
now
District
cannot
channels
rates
extent
have
traffic,whether
people
former
that, the
sugar,
and
ROUTES.
important,
The
And
irrigation
of
them^
to
NAVIGATION
though
and
all.
at
commodities.
when
drug
which,
crops
cultivation.
we
exports,
its internal
million
has
of
channels
valuable
trade
for
data
be
AS
for
necessity
export
would
surplus
"
more
the
the
cost
which
to
increase
much
away
CANALS
year
'''The
great
take
to
IRRIGATION
In
COTTON
the
am
trade,
conveyed
informed
export
trade
SIR
134
it
is
the
there
is
there
are
communications
little
for
at
can,
three
the
for
the
fifty
miles.
also
but
seaport,
join
in
steadily
no
this
way
the
navigation
has
In
irrespective
the
later
be
and
and
the
project,
going
as
of
hundred
provision
itself,
excellent
with
which
the
into
sprang
works
the
direct
ham
Bucking-
an
district
the
further
district
to
repaid
been
especially
and
over
over
from
returns
boat
be
usefulness
measured
they
of
have
the
by
this
of
of
development
the
by
been.
of
the
congratulation,
expressed
the
Chief
R.R,
MuUins,
Works
Navigation
during
on
General
wrote:"-
subject
opinion
to
of
the
coast
end
the
the
about
cost
(1883}
Irrigation,
that
only, lai^
that
again
the
the
its
on."
so
well
means
and
districts
of
it
is four
the
Irrigation
executed
of
end
doubt
slightest
largdy
from
the
navigation
in
with
sixty-^five miles
south
canal
only
not
from
and
for
Madras,
the
canying
along
runs
for
alone
navigation
and
irrigation developed,
years
may
of
canals,
Delta
the
on
system
rapidity
licenses, and
The
and
to
Kistna
miles
loyally
communication.
the
again, quite
Engineer
the
besides
to
for
Thirty
on
system
which
neighbouring
the
prosperity.
delta
navigable
the
contributed
required
book
system
of
lines
ninety-six
be
carriage,
to
that
him
which,
the
Canal,
length
cannot
Godavari
'*
of
Cocanada
Canal
cheap
be
insistence,
Godavari
into
pass
Madras,
to
From
There
"
the
and
system
south.
and
miles
hundred
Kistna
must
Godavari
canals
of
From
places,
the
excellent
Buckingham
one
if
and
"
followed
in
now
his
steady
who
miles
all.
three
with
on
are
in
remark
to
irrigation^ are
hundred
into
reason
Walch^
officers
hundred
this
is
the
there
; and
Nor
went
by
up
nearly five
for
he
so
backed
traffic
ê
sole
the
Mr.
above,
delta^ proceeds
'Ând
water
traffic
make
communications."
the
Godavari
that
no
or
no
Quoting
Works
COTTON
ARTHUR
last
the
The
and
fully
Government
most
which
thirty-five
direct
Godavari
successfully
has
years,
pecuniary
present
of
been
is
by
returns
flourishing
CONNEMARA'S:
LORD
condition
it has
which
the
of
for
provide
thousand
the
The
Council,
Vicerâl
After
travelled
equal
in
Cocanada,
month
the
from
coast
their
sails
red
huge
shore.
The
coUector,
vojrage
of
which
form,
the
nada,
and
of the
Godavari,
to
has
town
imports
;^74o,ooo
"Next
in
towed
were
launch
had
we
with
one,
head
of
the
of
Lord
PrivcUe
little convoy
the
make
is
these
The
Taut
G.C.I.E.,
more
house^boats,
am
oj
quotations*
its
of
in
1862,
by
canal
ports
ex-
to
locks,
three
canal
His
to
less.
or
by
for
We
the
steam
In
the
river,
faU, consequently
banks
were
Rees
green,
the
of Madras^
Mr.
double
one
Excellency
Governor
indebted
the
of
engineer who
celebrated
continual
passed
feet
Eleventh
Secretary,
to
left
Irrigation Works.
delta, there
Connemara,
the
after
Godavari
eighteen
of
anicut
trade
value
and
forty-four miles,
of
the
the
Cocan-
1888.
early
rose
rise,and
rise of
Honourable
permission
great
continual
Narrative
Rees^
in
in
of
the
great
;^3oo,ooo
from
we
Cotton^ named
the
risen
23rd,
which
bounds,'
;î,Soo,ooo
the
along,
Arthur
the
and
distance
constructed
from
1872,
morning,
Rajamundry,
and
between
the
to
vices,
de-
another
and
town
on
distant
the
us
the
to
of
such4ike
board,
on
rdieving
bearing
from
thence
leaps
them
landed
extend
construction
having
us
boats
and
moons,
the
of
it presents
that
with
entrance
the
by
edg^
met
an
which
since
water's
launch
once,
canals
advanced
and
at
the
alive
at
Gautami
north-east
recognise
steam
the
of
and
anchors,
Power,
north
we
airived
morning
appearance
was
may
in
the
size, is about
in
north
near
harbour
Mr.
miles
desolate
and
owners
miles
six
of
(Masulipatam),
next
the
down
site
and
ten
To
crosses,
their
of
aspects
Member
district,which,
Wales,
Coringa,
The
whereby
groynes,
of
come
Masulipatam.
near
the
timony
interesting tes-
CLE.,
historic
th6
of
barren
of
navigation
Rees,
this
at
of
Bay
hundred
evidence
most
the
works,
coast
hills
low
anchorage
the
the
further
D.
river Godavari.
the
of
:"
principality
the
to
writes
the
along
on
J.
halt
brief
people."
the
six
nearly
the
1890,
ment
improve-
vast
of
possible
on
Hon,
the
best
concerning
forthcoming
district
the
later, in January,
is
of
irrigation
conferred
benefits
Still
the
135
construction
the
since
afford
acres,
great
district, and
Godavari
undei|ône
VISIT
for
Right
by f,
his
D,
kind
SIR
136
and
shaded
banyans
fields
were
us
character
that
the
which
dam
and
stubble,
When
stems
another
then
separation
each
of
Thames
at
water.
At
and
mount
miles
before
tion
of
the
head
the
off
canal
the
either
on
the
eye.
so
has
perhaps,
other
nothing
the
up
of
size
in
the
anicut
and
water,
thousand
this great
but
of
than,
man
Practically,at
above
which
below
fertile
of
two
wants
world
this great
at
the
at
its waters
acres
of
four
islands
diverts
delta
boats
first por"
three
of
Pactolus,
to
the
the
6ia,ooo
a
is a
subservient
its
of
gold
in India
more
help
more
some
extends
river, and
with
water
river
it ends
miles
but
to
of
moment,
present
and
made
been
the
leave
the
as
great deal
stretches
in front
the
broader
wide
as
we
water
irrigate upwards
Every
any
of
expanse
canal
After
grows
when
and,
Immediately
to
as
rice-bearing lands,
stream
an
delta, holds
the
miles.
lock
great
one
directions.
waterway
The
the
first
contains
probably
around
resembles
of
it becomes
anient, which, with
great
square
in
it ends
much
miles
few
different
artificial
but
banks,
side^
in
Dowlaisweram,
the
of
palmyras,
a
All
straw-ricks.
Dowlaisweram,
at
takes
Maidenhead,
last
the
get within
stream
broader, till,near
and
for
you
the
alongside.
ran
innumerable
and
but
country,
Fens.
COTTON
road, which
the
of
the
of
of
ARTHUR
whidi
the
see
you
miles
spread
of
yellow sand.
It is the
'*
In
and
dam
the
1852,
low
since
have
1870,
eighteen
and
completed,
at
long
distributed
was
now,
ago
the
one
in
of
of the
value
canals, while
district,which, in
amounted
level
short
Length.
The
the
of
one,
The
to
the
value
1847,
^170,000,
stream,
and
amounting,
the
before
the
navigable channel
of
some
three
aggregate,
which
times
In
pretty well
they
ever,
how-
cost,
the
to
in
water
and
imports
construction
to
fourteen
of
3,982
the
the
of
upwards
feet
above
long portions
distribute
it
1879
^"'39500,000
of
exports
to
of
cost
are
risen, in 1887,
had
consists
in
they
upwards
of the
itself rises
great dam
at
directlydue
of
was
Many
^^^2,000,000, and
of
pleted
com-
complete.
Whatever
returns
upwards
goods
side.
completed,
were
;"'i,i8o,ooo.
^^
were
Labour
considered
1890, it is believed
1877,
works
every
been
finished.
never
are
;;î50,000.
of
on
later, they
to
that
;î,5oo,ooa
the
as
amounted
over
the
anicut,
cost
calculated
passed
of
years
figure
works
they
distribution
abounds
titanic
these
^868,000,
so
material
and
cheap,
that
the
of
some
for the exceedingly

then
works
such
of
nature
yards
water^
and
in
are
CHEAPNESS
miles
528
^'
long, and
than
less
not
OF
fleets of private boats
ply
lowrates.
at ridiculously
are
nothing,
also
but
like
this
price of
to
to
give
has
yet
to
those
can
which
It
is
There
there
is
work
is
from
make
The
increased
of
one
OF
may,
And,
it must
was
owing
indeed,
the
its
and
projected
would
work
by
have
of
after
all
wanting
this
in
in
Egypt
anicut)
the
Godavari
appointed
been
done
testimony:
each
of
them
be
then
the
at
"
nounced
proif its
constructed,
with
endless
culties
diffi-
considered.
OF
ENGINEERING
this
IN
extraordinaiy
of
section
that,
had
living engineer,
prohibitory.
Barrage
was
that
affirmed
other
Arthur
WORLD."
peculiar
safely
been
the
object (as
the
the
in
were
ever
duly
That
standard,
might
SCHOOL
added,
be
any
works
But
enduring
most
had
and,
years.
such.
as
striking
be
true.
Committee
anicut
were
many
is
is
this
situation,
CHEAPEST
be
similar
needs
must
this
what
low
cheapest
to
the
for
causes
for
which
this
bore
last
especially
into
THE
'
though,
CONSTRUCTION.
prices
by
none.
arising therefrom,
"FOUNDER
high
but
cent,
the
length,
from
prices
to
praise
singularly
are
fifty per
immense
of
to
anicut
rates
thing
No-
way.
York
New
for
only
not
the
that
pitch
England;
to
when
in
investigation
an
is
Tested
second
Dowlaisweram
"
virtue
everywhere,
delta, stands
in
high
occasions
least
work
Cotton's
such
on
OF
that
which
deserving
cost
eat
Edinburgh,
to
urged
special
has
and
to
but
passengers
occasionally
Francisco
San
carry
reached
CHEAPNESS
doubtless,
most
has
exhibited
been
construction
no
is
here."
operate
are,
canal, and
bananas
London
sometimes
for
paid
and
passengers
them
EXTRAORDINARY
THE
to
river
on
take
go
from
journey
channels
Irrigation Department,
the
to
Competition
said
occasionally,you
lengths of distributive
total
belong
steamers
rival carriers
137
miles.
1,600
These
the
CONSTRUCTION
and
security
The
the
anicut
the
their
It
works
been
original
comparatively
was
built
cost
;f 1,800,000,
of
ness
cheap-
the
with
Godavari
cost
small
the
same
and
was
works.
This
economical
Colonel
result
works
of
the
confidence
of
cheapest
the
So
And
school
of
there
that
which
had
he
study
school
were
of the
money
now
world,
of the
the
as
the
the
of
Madras
much
it would
in all parts of
being spent
for
the
during
fully understood,
water
ancient
is it too
Nor
was.
simply
founder
the
in the
in the
was
proved
became
if that
It
been
native
rashness
no
the
was
old
the
section.
undoubtedly
world, in retaining
was
Cotton's
engineering
School
of
similar
and
Presidency,
anicut
thus
other
of
design
appreciation
that
Godavari
ages.
millions
save
Madras
Cotton's
stabilityof
Engineering
say
the
gained by Colonel
the
works,
construction, originating with
of
the
in India.
of
design
COTTON
influenced
in
Colonel
engineers
lapse
method
Cotton, has
hydraulic
to
ARTHUft
SIR
138
of
supply
its great
cities."
To
the
mainly
when
is
victory had
stated,with
"
replies,
wrathful,
now
of
commentary
pent-up
of
''
its
been
**An
is that
the
next
money
page
we
find
to an
impasse^ but
report
was
a
the
the
from
was
more
list of
so
and
little,not
too
than
reading,
Colonel
is
direct
to
the
soldier's
of
the
its
sense
of
want
inspection, for
interest
much,
too
his
works."
seemed
Governor
the
tide had
sanctioned
; so
on
likely to
happily turned,
highly encouraging,
readily granted
sums
with
ordinary routine),with
inquiry
respecting
reply
angry
bring things
and
for
worth
(sent
withering complaints
its entreaty
shown
Well
1852
it
teem,
the authorities
on
only by
indignation, restrained
disappointment
has
all
of
even
sorrow
administration,
November,
violation
in
discipline;
support;
of
despatch
Government
Indian
on
in
more
for funds.
end|
to
Cotton, and
surprises sprung
ever"increasing demands
account
which
records
Colonel
lies
relaxed
way
The
penned
now
warfare
bînning
no
assured.
work
the
in
of"cial
in
from
in
Cotton's
hot
remonstrances
anger," on
the
been
been
in
as
interest
of
have
to
seems
the
the
gigantic enterprise from
this
which
and
incidents
the
in
round
raged
reader
general
that
that
these
forth
henceon
one
works,
at
SIR
140
surface
masonry,
but
the
bed, for which
river
plaster
of
the
The
same.
"ngland.
I
question
the
sections
is
is how
The
exemplified.
for
These
wells
been
proved
till they
yet
that
in
lighthouse, which
the
on
of Madras,
coast
showed
never
sufficiencyhas
parts of
it has
forty feet,
thirty or
had
It may
stratum.
built
be
to
have
depths.
foundation,
ground
In
foundations
unknown
their
them
solid
some
deep, and
feet
sunk
but
money
still that in other
sink
to
well
of
and
deep,
been
with
retaining walls
sand
hears
one
have
upon
sandy beach,
eight
six feet
necessary
come
noted
they
thought
been
be
often
in
of
system
little cost
at
of
lower
and
cheap
introduce
engineering
good
use
ciently
suffi-
the
to
anything
to, the
upper
only
are
much
great things
foundation
their
where
India,
do
to
do
the
not
extravagant
is
can
referred
above
wells
the
engineer
Any
the
for
the
for
are
Indeed,
did
all, what
after
And,
he
of
principle was
day.
which
sand
cut-stone
great works
these
aside
set
the
over
the
but
present
Engineering,
is, it appears,
economy
the
in
stone
substituted
he
of
erections
of
of
coatings
early engineers,
studied
School
COTTON
ARTHUR
is founded
the
on
wells
upon
slightestsettlement"
the
Agreeably
Major
described
In
reply
the
reply, that
of
the
great delay,
as
mentioned,
I determined
and
am
any
expectations
my
*
The
character
IrrigationMap
of
anient
mode
of
the
that
in the
"
the
anient, I have
the
must
the
forming
to
regular shape,
it
say
; about
and
be
matter,
be
might
at all events
happy
letter
respecting
stone
thought
and
the
of
extent
to
that
the
done
honour
the
surface
Godavari, which
the
in
as
work
the
the
is
stone
localities
quickly
sufficiently
fair
result
has
square
modification
faces page
cause
the
on
though
make
twenty-five
of
fitted
cuting
exe-
the
large stones, rudely fitted,would
every
without
of Revenue,
Board
of
section
of
afraid
was
the
following
considering
upon
entirely
the
surface
with
anient
his
letter
your
curved
to
however,
in
to
from
suggestion
modified
Cotton
manner
"
to
122.
experiment,
far
exceeded
yards
will be
of
found
half
in the
THE
yard
and
men
annas
cubic
cubic
estimated
well
with
to
work,
the
probably
of
in
The
section,
work
is
curved
surface
if covered
be
Besides
built
was
in
flood,
At
short
one
which
though
there
who
simple
I
"
both
us
our
had
great
injured
obtained
all
have
found
that
confidence
of
which
the
never
we
By
main
our
takings,
under-
His
own
"
experience
been
helped
have
many
give
to
in
Engineering
Hydraulic
nothing.
in
they
have
There
accidents.
knowledge
were
words
perfection,
he.
in these
tirely
en-
work.
large
for
span,
with
the
was
did
as
feet
was
work
ideal
that
we
have
we
attempted
works
having
his
itself,
built
overwhelmed
responsible
near
that
This
then
that
if it
than
forty
and
men
and
present
a
claim
of
each
the
and
Godavari
the
river.
is contained
say
but
he
strong,
proposed."
first
the
without
so
mistakes
India, and
we
came
cannot
season,
second
the
to
altogether
section
arches,
of
few
are
confession
without
of
did
everywhere,
concrete,
crossed
which
subsided
time
no
to
arm
if this
years,
exceedingly
with
if covered
the
an
sufficient
cut-stone
will be
according
across
two
the
of
execution
according
work
way,
forty-nine
tirely
en-
sluices.
cheaper
of
Board's
seems
procure
in
for
the
this
anicut,
aqueduct
an
the
to
work
considerably
the
the
able
the
It
an
size.
large
in the
one.
was
for
do
the
This
contained
valuable
be
of
were
difficulty in
of
than
shillings
four
it would
blocks
and
shall
in
better
executed
were
if the
of
by
fourteen
about
shillings.
ten
cement,
substituted
lining
will
good
main
the
much
being
complete
to
of
under
give
suggestion
we
masonry
except
and
the
prepared
(mortar), bricklayers, etc,
important
remove
as
kind
with
consider
stone-cutters
"
chunam
141
were
cost
would
overfall,
most
at
cut-stone
that,
an
I therefore
letter
for
fitted
large stones,
which
yard,
rate
of
stonecutters
yard, including
apron
AQUEDUCT
thick, composed
crowbar
so
GUNNARAM
could
have
blessing,
God's
successful, and
are
had,
all
if
the
in
now
profitable operation."
"
I have
munications
not
the
and
least
doubt,"
irrigation
will
he
adds,
*'
everywhere
that
both
produce
com"
pro-
ARTHUR
SIR
142
the
to
perty
outlay.
value
The
fact
states is
gold
mine
of
much
is
in the
The
bestowed
them,
on
average
on
earning
year
Amongst
estimates
in the
an
the
Godavari.
chief
Another
the
of
for
was
left bank
of
minor
among
of
these
two
works^
execution.
Godavari
and
the
large
the
delta.
In
of
this
to
the
put
to
more
the
an
I feel
confident
than
"7,S0o
would
canal
very
no
traffic to
how
line
hundreds
large
population
upon
"
this
must
be
miles
"6,soo
all, will
mile.
in
But
thus
channel,
thirty-one
this
irrigationchannel
in
of
of road
the
value
wasted
length,
includes
; and
the
the
one
How
enormous
is
cost
case,
in
of
of
this
Presidency
labour
it, or
it
about
very
cost,
of
"
the
expended
money
"$,000
the
if there
in extent
completed,
of
the
inferior
The
about
of
loss
thirty miles,
of the
making
half
conveyance
sustained
in
when
No
people
the
for the
be
with
so
all parts of
when
far indeed
which,
be
is the
line of
one
of miles
proportion
merely
If, as
this
were
wrote
little revenue
expense
carriage of produce by
port of
and
of communications
want
yields so
great
produce.
much
by
country
so
he
to
the
of
one
and
Masulipatam,
matter
long
antcut, and
the
above
EUore,
loss sustained
wonder
of
Godavari
towns
reference
is the
are
the
with
miles
town
on
it included,
become
to
great lines of navigation connecting the
Coringa
lands
the
to
twenty-four
acres,
in
both
construction
North-eastern
channel
ready
al-
great aqueduct
and
the
of
branches
providing irrigation
the
required
works
main
in
which
for
and
for
was
design
forty-fivethousand
water
the
;"'3S ^
mining.'*
in
one
to, remarkable
boldness
to
was
delta, between
The
worth
was
year
labour
of the
value
the
Australia
in
suggested,
now
in, there
sent
alluded
regard
;Î20
that of any
mines
labour
whose
man
schemes
were
central
proved
unim-
present
beyond
richest
half times
three
and
far
wealth
world
only produce
its
India, In
of
the
turenty times
than
more
that
mine
COTTON
at
will
be
probably
;f200
capacious
least, may
CHEAPNESS
INCREASED
be
chaiged
for
its
cost
as
calculation
annas
the
to
mile^ the
;Cicx"
channel,
cost
sum
of fifty thousand
tons
of land
would
above
given
143
irrigation, leaving only
navigable
PRODUCTION
OF
carriage^
mile
the
which,
on
jear^
at
tivo
in
repaid
be
months.
two
The
"
half
goods
months,
would
in
have
a
people
be
would
be
leave
them
that
''What
their
becomes
country
fact
is
those
are
raised
at
ruined
in
which,
the
least
for
abundance
greatest
is most
valuable
district
falling off
of
ryots,
them
to
food
people
of
can
of
series
in any
from
way
the
the
is
food
largest quantities.
raised
has
years
instance
the
in
which
land
be
found
of
increased
the
the
comfortable,
district
single
tinually
con-
yield
that
works,
the
in
food, is that
; nor
be
cheaply?
too
most
are
public
and
long
would
that
idea
districts
the
the
of
the
growing
means
paralyse
enable
can
otherwise
which
extraordinary
expense
how
burthen,
that
by
more
channel
the
revenue,
to
by
which
in
which
Tanjore,
the
undeniable
revenue,
to
lands
of
be
may
largest
land
this
from
sufficient
surplus
year,
by land,
while
water
the
of
state.
sufficiently heavy
improving
The
by
and
three
time
them
convey
relieved
are
doubt
to
imperfect
dullest
the
conveyed
cost
very
When
there
;Ci,5oo
last
the
it in
along
is, during
cost
they
is yet
'*
that
have
tiian
conveyed
cheapness
production.
''
has
It is easy
to
grown
for
when
renders
the
is grown
it is grown
It is not
in
long
bullion
easily
it
year,
every
do
afford
can
which
to
it
scarcity
other
markets
be
sent
its
of
at
is
things
produce
food
to
food
obtain
can
and
to
when
so
which
district
run,
bullion,
it
prevent
which
price
marketable.
them
grain
cheaper
''
dearness
But, whatever
where
the
from
selling things
from
"
that
markets
the
in
more
cheaply
cheaply
of
much
can
so
than
that
see
lakhs
ten
pay
distance,
to
money,
theory
cheaply,
the
more
it is action
is, the
fact
district
the
district
which
is undeniable
that
flourishes, and
the
flourishes.
is wanted.
If
small
SIR
ARTHUR
money
which
144
the
of
portion
judiciously expended
the
smallest,
in
year
This
which
chapter,
Often
by
severely,
effected
be
of
the
father
been
thrown
that
it
this
better
than
to
''
work,
their
lives
in
quent
conse-
sloth
what
condition
life, has
find
to
in
live
to
this
of
bîn
now
creased
in-
that
social
thus
and
fered
suf-
the
to
consequently
They
pen.
previously
the
and
cluded
con-
purchase
to
specimen
of
to
and
convinced
as
branch
and
regard
am
population.
really
pass
with
of
facile
his
had
they
Hope,
fittingly
places,
taken
every
India.
into
is
be
may
in
of
people
districts
mediately
im-
those
resources,
writes
cause
would
even
more
new
which
not
but
from
other
of
of the
be
passage
were
made."
is
cannot
with
my
it would
collections,
people's
want
change
prodigious
may
the
trade
the
traffic
expenditure
more
of
to
from
goods,
the
one
speaking
ability
revenue
treasury
every
dif"cuity,
the
perhaps,
in
works
temporary
even
than
is idle
public
on
improve
the
COTTON
fort,
com-
abject poverty."
and
APPENDICES.
ordinary
The
according
man's
a
lower
of
turban
The
with
frequently
bottom
the
of
kind
jewels
one
the
an
of
worn
the
It
varies
cost
value
average
of
generally consists
(uttariyam),and
ordinary ryot is
an
two
or
The
food
building
eaten,
by
of
the
low
increase
quality
and
the
of
cot
of
the
whole
and
cows,
the
few
of
the
family
clothes
by
"charpoy,"
or
especially in
men
the
or
as
and
mud,
family.
the
as
simple
as
with
oxen,
comprise
The
better
both
built
rooms
ploughing
utensils
tape.
in the
of
Its
garment
upper
same
brass
made
but
rupees.
exception, perhaps,
chiefly seen
superior
five
by
leaves.
and
simple.
very
material,
to
GODAVARI.
(pâ).
part of
pots
of
the
(dhdoati),of
palmyra
furniture, with
number
two
occupy
earthenware
the
is from
It consists
thatched
History of Godavari^
IN
is
ryot
usually occupied
his costume.
is
of
head-cloth
or
^^
Morrises
HOUSEHOLDS
of
garment
house
the
H,
quality
costume
of
with
dress
the
to
J.
^PROSPEROUS
I."
Mr.
from
Taken
the
the
perity
pros-
worn,
in
greater
women.
SIR
146
country which
The
anient
fit for almost
channels
for
about
cultivation with
paddy
APPROVAL
OF
THE
sanction
The
and
cordially
given.
been
have
the causes,
depressed
noble
remain
OF
the
of
the utmost
had
bestowed
the
ryots; and
it
under
irrigation
will tend
as
to
the
promote
is
measure
no
effect than
^"
There
Godavari
it may
districts;and
large annual
secured
vast
to
extent
the
may
no
The
of revenue,
difference between
as
other effect than
the
to
the
of
chief
has
time
The
improvement
this rich
hitherto
but
feels satisfied
ficial
bene-
extensive
an
anient
not
difficult to
the
across
as
district,
Trichinopoly
only
that
win
collect,
the ryots, but
on
be
that
vation
available for the culti-
products.
calculations of the
the probable increase
that of
of
partial
the
Nature
situation.
Tanjore and
pressure
the anient
and
Rajahmundry
will be made
valuable
other
anticipatedfrom
now
without
Government
and
system, the
which
Council
that
to the
the
amongst
confidentlyexpected,
of the richest land
Civil Engineer
be
been
be
amount
of sugar
"
advantageousto
as
the
total
consideration.
under
doubt
and
ot
improvement
Lordship
produce an
to
reason
anicuts have
Coleroon
the
the
measures
in
projectnow
no
seems
will be
of such
general
review
that
calculated to
more
the
soil and
prosperityof
his
neglectedprovince,and
that
the
upon
appeared
provinceon
to
circumspection.
the Zemindari
towards
in
advantages
arrived for the introduction
has
were
of the revenues
were
officers,
revenue
impoverishment of
many
and
evils attending the temporary
of the local
so
Government
entered
state
of the
WORK,
examination
led to the deterioration
management
GREAT
care
under
of
the
fit for
acres
in).
Madras
which
their estates, and
and
villages,
great undertaking,"they said, appears
apathy displayed by the Zemindars
causes
THE
was
ting
deduc-
"
with
of
which,
1,000,000
(pp. no,
It
water.
of
acres, out
GOVERNMENT
Government
neglect of the works
of rich alluvial land
the sea, sites of
sugar-cane
approval
strip of sandy
supplied with
near
would
of the proposed
means
of
expanse
and
Rajahmundry District,
of the
state
exception
tracts
or
This
''
projected
1844, the
In
the
1,300,000
sandy
rivers, there
of
by
irrigated
if well
cultivation,
any
one-fourth
sea, of
the
be
to
was
to contain
estimated
COTTON
consisted,with
borderingon
land
ARTHUR
Collector
that
of revenue
is considerable
securing to Government
; but
the
and
if it had
sum
of
GOVERNMENT
^9,000
be
annually lost, the object
now
sufficientlygained
of the
of
extent
of
be
of land
acres
district
will
impossible
it seems
Masulipatam,
limit,the prospective advantages

that
*^
One
Major
with
the
other
Cotton's
which
which
is
population
of
be
cannot
that
its
in Council
the
on
notice
the
that
but
of
the
for
granted
^^47,557,
the
disbursement
their orders
that
and
of
commencement
the
work
That
owing
Mr.
to
and
active
that
could
that
have
we
made
Henry
measures
have
not
district,and
understand
actual
both
that
of
use
Samulcotta^
enable
to
state
With
the
*
the
of
expected,
the
people
and
the
native
the
tract, has
new
the
estimate,
as
new
also,
degree
was
the
fully
now
The
effected.
channel
no
few
parts of
servants
be
can
it
all
from
to
improvements
what
of
public
from
water
vigorous
said, indeed,
private
and
entirely
whose
be
it may
freely
come
realise
to
for
is
district
the
roused
improvements
entirely
be
ensuing year.^
have
we
in advance
years
and
Godavari
far
as
doubt,
as
helped
practicabilityof improving
the
district
to
laigest items,
Department^
been
great
the
namely,
time
in
Sub-Collector,
already
have
an
which
have
people
the
over
respect
Minutes
the
they
the
the
Forbes,
is ten
The
aga
progress
getting public
effected, the district

months
the
the
respects
as
with
CIVILIAN.
FRIBNJDLY
the
sanction
of the
beginning
the
at
cated.
advo-
undertaking
amount,
communicated
be
there
bring
to
that
estimated
the
the
be
Directors,
Government,
of
if, as
and
should
of
Court
this
from
preserve
projected
the
of
of
of famine
frightfulscourge,
construction
Honourable
of
will
resolves, therefore,
subject
recommendation
strong
the
produce.
in favour
suffered;
anicut
proposed
from
Lordship
correspondence
the
to
or
afflicted,and
been
dreadfully
so
province
question
His
to
believe,
to
reason
have
has
the
ment,
Govern-
to
visitations
frequent
district
nearly
to the
argument
strongest
is, the
that
Rajahmundry
inhabitants
the
there
project,
the
the
affords
point
and
is calculated
wofk
enable
estimate,
to
people
the
to
of such
completion
will
District
the
perfect irrigationin
under
brought
be
would
that, exclusive
opinion
anicut
benefited, the
to
its construction
of
is of the
Cotton
Major
147
it is considered
But, when
which
to
Rajahmundiy
820,000
APPROVAL
COMPLETE
the
I
cannot
of Consultation
under
date
speak
o)
the
September
have
we
not
confidently,
Madras
i,
1846,
yet
but
trenched
so
Government^
far
as
on
we
Revenue
SIR
J48
COTTON
ARTHUR
"
have
think
gone,
expended.
there
;"'t5,000
About
buildings,and
of the
been
has
machinery,
will
be
the
for
in
out
will
included
works
remaining
laid
be
which
all
iair result
of
money
railways, boats,
in
use
in the
estimate
HARD
TEST.
the
tion
execu-
;î2o,ooo
of
(p. 128).
A
On
September
avail
the
mark
highest
feet^ but
the
to
16, 1849,
this year
height
although
of
this
establishment
Henry
Mr.
without
of
source
have
avari
with
left of the
be
"
Rdli
the
stone
March
From
or
total
the
to
year,
there
population
taking
from
district each
with
ref(^nce
have
among
the
at
average
and
taluk
has
been
to
its
size
themselves
Of
called
and
the
upon
the
done.
^^^
pended
ex-
^^^
3,054,413,
In
tion
addi-
in this present
extensive,
most
bricklayers
and
working
have
1,200
and
supply
details
The
of
been
In
fixed
village
the
daily
on
Rajahmundry.
to
365
have
masons
231
coolies
population.
arranged
be
been
told.
; and
about
from
with
cover
has
been
un.
whatever
to
there
but
God-
the
to
remains
641
6,500,
5,300
and
been
have
bricklayers
308
Masulipatam
complete
times
is
larly
large nunri[)er,particu-
employ
constant
this district.
from
to
wages
operations
whom
of
supplied
hire, and
in
been
have
been
regular monthly
end
an
having
regret
my
;^"3"9^3
five
province
and
years
at
hire
employed
times
all
building
the
when
that
1850,
30,
of
leave
cannot
successive
and
daily
for
the
of
at
on
quarry,
stone-masons,
been
has
this, there
in the
labourers
uninjured,
buildings
Vijeswaram
April
works
daily occupation,
now
and
126).
"
wrote
four
are
was
The
on
anicuts, alone
to
strain.
there,
the
but
WORK.
point
at
daily labourers
of
total number
work
1847,
the
for
bank
Madddru
unwonted
125,
THE
my
to
cut-stone
i,
among
been
me,
bank
and
(pp.
OF
Difficulties
from
wind,
comparatively
them
such
to
anxiety.
is dammed
may
cut
it advance
seen
mingled
to
of
5 inches
inflicted
was
has
interest
constant
gale
Kajahmundry
feet
sub-Collector,
which
work
the
Dowlaisweram.
trial
ESTIMATE
the
in
the
33
at
with
CIVILIAN
Forbes,
regret
to
rose
damage
connected
stood
register at
severe
of
severe
very
inches
very
deal
good
feet
firmly
fresh
the
25
of
out
came
the
by
God-
rise
unprecedented
standard
the
on
an
anient
nearly completed
AND
GALE
occurred, accompanied
The
3
BIG
nished
fur-
this
number
officers
quota
from
AN
each
village,and
of
dose
clear
the
has
all the
people
in their
''Peace
hath
avari
In
iSo).
WHAT
WAS
central
excepticm
been
of
flood,
has
been
and
in complete
put
continued
been
miles
several
highly interestingto
ample
of
stream
district,in
brick
pass
thus
water
burnt
been
dry
four
when
erection
the
leading
cut
It
was
see
an
part
of
the
not
large^work
this
of
the
and
before
year
the
it in
boat
had
of
richest
the
the
miles
been
in
aqueduct
into
with
channel
have
season,
towards
God.
the
upon
main
within
channels
thrown
the
in
breaking
water
this
over
height of
the
had
branch
of
few
it,which
above
order, the
tide
to
songs.
war," and
completed,
been
channel
river
of its
popular
as
on
MONTHS.
has
The
the
by
their
monument
TWELVE
aqueduct
path.
destroyed
it has
sea,
towing
the
almost
the
IN
conferring
recollection
than
enduring
an
difficult to
be
of
the
renowned
appropriate
an
would
in
and
as
means
still cherish
DONE
delta
the
it is
brief, and,
work,
It
been
less
no
such
anicttt (p.
the
from
victories
have
give
to
its construction.
converse,
tervals
in-
parties at
the
ENUMERATION.
made
district,who
her
FOR
it has
of
this invaluable
household
vict(Nries
MANY
been
benefits
the
of
founder
her
(pp. xaS, 139).
thus
149
regular relief
TOO
history of
enumerate
MONUMENT
the
description of
the
to
for
"
BENEFITS
endeavour
hoped,
of
also
month
one
THE
An
ENDURING
(p. 159)THE
I h"ve
the
thus
It is
works.
No
which
they
the
been
which
to
of
to
and
fertilize the
climate
of
in
what
interestând
has
has
the
has
liquid gold,"
repaid
in
ran
the
the
and
land.
The
that
been
fluid, which
it has
converted
better
the
abroad
than
Messiags
the
of
river,
noble
the
in
have
they
has
sea,
thousand
precious
is so
in
felicitously likened
been
into
advantage
that
to
sion.
conclu-
beneficent
The
uselessness
historical
in
great
very
money.
sent
an
these
of
value
will consider
people
bridled
give
added
be
the
comparative
proved
need
misspent
or
East
carried
Little
to
and
itself
anient
the
it,and
witnessed
to
wasted
both
on
overrate
has
proved
restrained
arid
'^
have
result
channels
to
who
one
formerly
been*
the
irrigationdependent
impossiUe
TESTIMONY.
describe
to
their construction.
of
acooant
endeavoured
of
system
OFFICIAL'S
CIVILIAN
CHIEF
capital, that
most
enormous
and
fertility
has
been
rate
contentment
ot
ARTHUR
SIR
150
and
to
peace
region which,
desolated
formerly
COTTON
by
in
as
the
great famine
the
1833,
scarcity and
terrible
most
of
was
drought
(p. 164).
THE
The
final
show
in
while
The
the
whole
giving
it
In
1779,
little
Mr.
In
that
Madras,
In
the
1792,
George,
both
Godavari,
thirty
with
after,
years
attempted
speculation,
but
account
of
banks*
It is
only,
The
Godavari,
^
contains
discovery
of
from
in
the
doubt
whether
stand.
afford
What
1
the
on
''
Madras
Pp.
299,
the
on
the
passing
Rusticus
Labitur
will
expectat
et
the
in
labitur
dum
in
two
hundred
of the
navigable,
tioned
sanc-
of
the
of
the
expedition
Governor,
the
or
to
anient
Government
does
the
with
hands
stupid apathy
since
amnis
ille
volubilis
been
continues
still
at
the
fifty miles
and
the
on
issue
present
Report,
deflait
omne
private
survey
last
the
banks,
stream
at
across
for
Horace
Godavari
and
About
chieftains
only just
progress
prove
of
as
has
the
Works
illustration
an
at
river
the
standing
staring
Public
St.
Palmer,
Messrs.
spite of this,our
In
it
Kistna
is commenced
^1,000
Chinnoor,
as
Fort
navigation.
petty
anient
of
made
relinquish it, principallyon
refiisal; and
port of Coringa.
Minute
his
and
high
as
the
Governor
to
the
Godavari
various
an
account
an
letter
of
the
Government
former
fully
fialls into
Shevaroy
firm
to
the
of
sum
Supreme
after
Athmaum
of
1847, that
paltry
the
by
in
from
3,
expense,
surveying
of
navigate
compelled
exactions
own
their
in
then
the
irrigationand
to
to
February
of
to
the
enterprising
were
the
Godavari.
view
the
Hyderabad,
where
as
expediency
refrain
necessity for storing
his
at
Directors,
of
the
recognised
:"
cannot
letter
the
1786,
far
as
Court
his
represented
had, in
Godavari
of the
the
to
as
Godavari.
Lennon
he
that
Directors
the
Lieutenant
1788,
survey
of
and
record
for
for
existence
scepticism
quarters,
Sullivan, in
Court
in
been
to
serve
large.
at
more
Kistna
of the
waters
high
instructive
so
John
the
to
in
will
narrative
had
bit of early history caUs

is
PROJECT.
THE
anient
the
was,
story
explained
of
there
OF
following brief
the
1854, after
years,
work,
HISTORY
portion of
how,
several
EARLY
in
pocket,
1779
"
annum."*
newspaper.
300,
'*A
Letter
to
the
Secretary
of tlê Board
of Control."
LADY
REMINISCENCES
jCOTTON'S
PART
Lady
The
(Lady
Cotton)
breakdown
strain
from
further
the
great
in
period
which
the
entire
of
and
myself
with
made
that
in
well
the
as
for
Except
and
mind.
his
plans
on
the
appointed
was
up
for
his
position,
the
bank
of
rough
building
erected
thatched
with
palmyra
full
home,
interests
private
periodical attacks
in
very
gracious
to
little
daughter
was
born
her
father's
who
babe,
and
was
when
ways,
refreshment
after
I have
I
us
he
to
to
of
large, wide,
myself
to
said
It
ought
rather
home
to
health,
rough
our
delight, and
wife
as
was
have
and
God
the
said
was
another
dear
"
house,
take
her
her
down
banks
beside
always
of the
from
us
mundry
Rajah-
at
the
upon
the
sweet
loving looks
were
to
"
work,
buried
we
looking
on
fever, God
whose
his
from
pleased
little graveyard
our
in
us
jungle
of
in tired
came
him.
of
respect
twelvemonths,
about
in
but
necessitated
and
took
critical
so
which
of
mother.
and
at
Godavari,
happy
him
Rajahmundry.
and
posts
him
(or grove)
from
pitched,
were
the
tope
miles
four
formed
as
of
indications
in
sent
enormous
give
body
district, and
palmyra
leaves, which
interests,
delta
baby,
river, about
tents
having
"
and
both
the
to
incapacitated
upon
works
for
rest
the
of
chaige
There
weighed
husband,
dear
time
the
to
which
the
mother
my
district"
owing
powers,
of the
by
Godavari
the
health,
at
progress
and
the
with
physical
anxiety
improvement
to
father's
work
the
reminiscences
life in
active
immediate
My
her
my
his
on
Reminiscences
interesting
of
of
II
Cotton's
following
151
river.
Godavari,
river
bed,
for
SIR
152
nine
during
months
of
which
thread
it
with
naked
chatty,
in the
dirty
no
thought
when
the
first
to
respectful, glad
troublesome
springs
bed
of
way
In
the
and
officers
and
to
thirteen
Soon
At
first
and
they
part of
became
ness
daily
the
popular
was
pay
shown
day.
were
dry
was
there
for
was,
could
people
had
always
not
come
and
kindly
gift,but
never
hills,
there
but
sea
covered
all too
little
of
"
the
ful
plenti-
was
river
noble
indeed,
the
filled
had
rains
works
the
it
soon
in
use
in
any
them,
tbey
to
had
them,
no
in
be
and
when
ta
stone-
and
improvements.
occupations,
new
allowed,
spot
the
soon
they
the
employed.
were
forced, but
oppression
crowded
the
by
sent
large workshops
great
engage
to
of
been
had
workmen
Indian
afraid
among
brass
promise
twelve
timber-cutting,
brrck-making,
and
earnest,
in
; about
scene
officers
in irbn
labour
begun
were
active, busy
an
hundred
given,
the
strangers
the
and
to
on
gave
were
of
people.
assist
workers
able
busy^
the
distant
projected
working
quarrying,
after
non-commissioned
Government
only supply
year.
poor
were
beautiful
became
tope
of
begging
grateful
grand
or
the
1847-48,
and
in the
looked
land
they
came,
rushing
the
couple
way.
water,
; and
disappeared,
to
us
rivulets
and
supply
sandy
see
any
The
wretched4o6king
the
of
and
side,
ground
the
little
what
but
floods
the
how
great.
so
do,
to
in
When
part
understand
to
for
sand
villagers
The
too.
burning
for
and
village
mere
from
hold
their
being
centre
coming
one
household
grass
now,
was
it
sickly
greater
on
might
the
no
comes
them
among
and
the
poverty
seem
that
said
crops,
far
during
The
be
child
numerous
the
across
which
heads,
be)
extreme,
barren,
cattle
their
on
not
carrying
vessel,
(it might
need
It
often
"
the
width.
women
poor
toiled
they
as
see,
considerable
the
and
the
in
seemed
circumstances,
of
before
lay
sand,
dazzling
was
us,
earthen
or
for
water
at
feet
poised
quarts,
yet
there
year,
and
dry
near
pitiful to
were
and
was
the
in such
and
water,
villcê
of
what,
ran
of
of
miles
encampment
COTTON
ARTHUR
found
and
and
work
kind*
i^ûlar
worked
SIR
154
when
monies
the
into
life !
the
time
had
become
passed
and
residence,
commodious,
little
and
farther
made
roof
from
'*
be,
might
ground
had
left to
been
tell
to
We
roooL
but
elsewhere,
watch
again.
and
was
fired, and
was
entered
the
muzzle
the
of
serpent
saw
"
was
the
gun
had
to
hissing
and
what
had
raised
of
I
can
itself
its widest
extent,
in its rage
and
to
its
pain.
drawers,
never
its full
tongue
It
scream;
light,
; for
some
the
of
again,
was
her
bid
gun
I
As
happened.
fired
chest
taken
we
with
barrel
had
husband
so
eagerly
one
the
Still, the
her
servant
listened
to
itself.
hidden
then
see
heard
we
sound,
my
under
there,
was
called
gun,
went
it
room
sitting--
were
found.
be
who
into
glide
children
to
the
into
cobra
the
after
soon
no
nursery
^the cobra
spread
was
knew
she
sister
My
there
minutes
it
in.
went
his
got
and
blasting,
ayah,
an
rushed
nowhere
was
Very
husband
my
light
undisturbed
evening
large
see,
snake
One
nurseiy,
seen
to
that
persisted
woman
the
the
had
went
the
it
of
yards
the
by
comparatively
refuge
watch
all
safety, from,
places,
many
disturbed
of
piece
she
us
in
salaam,
hundred
upon
messenger
with
for
within
sadly
were
of
place
"
hour
children
the
walls.
the
house
the
in the
had
railway
rattling
stone
requesting,
cracked
too,
of
contain
to
Sometimes
certain
blastings
was
snakes,
found
and
of
through
At
us.
call
anicut.
hill,
advantages
small
more
low
found
been
pieces
appear,
would
house
appearing
The
round
score
Our
usl
"
Missis
the
to
of
of
place
and
rough
several
and
of stone,
sent
would
quarry
had
It
last
neighbourhood
top
hill had
it
quarry
falling
or
the
that
the
less
the
on
At
pleasant
rather
us,
Our
convey
be
to
river.
supply
to
in
blasting
our
the
convenient
been
for
disadvantage.
one
most
from
noisy
the
as
entered
and
believed,
home,
house,
built
was
busy, interesting work.
our
who
many
in
and
another
time
how
that
on
busy
tell
can
at
leave
to
too
Who
gone.
news
obliged
were
we
was
blessed
heard
So
he
COTTON
ARTHUR
the
with
which
behind
forget
height,
the
sight
its hood
and
protruded,
powerless
to
do
its back
more,
seldom
throw
to
being
went
On
; it was
without
occasion
with
I went
blast, and
we
had
been
placed,
position,
but
the
stones
flew
and
bad
we
All
this
narrow
time
the
stones
anicut
increased
activity, and
down
come
weeks
would
the
the
We
had
be
flood*'
might
critical
time
We
be
dear
added
was
his
to
him
with
loathsome
him.
to
some
days
the
anicut,
and
because
and
and
but
long
and
when
stand
living
became
I had
At
had
he
food
ill ;
was
for
lying
fears
of
him,
even
been
full
of
support
thinking
ceased
the
this
prostrated
of
strain
seriously
smell
was
''
year
the
by
rooted,
up-
year
that, while
so
^tate
(one
that
years,
trees
possible.
as
anxiety,
or
previous
hope
out
heart
my
for
ready,
to
in
worn
this
AH
anicut
be
animals
not
name
In
nights,
it
enough
nausea,
the
specially needed,
June.
labours, completely
severe
to
20th
dead
as
and
the
the
torrent
Chief,"
'*
to
expected
timber,
could
with
on
it ?
and
delayed
the
firm
interest
be
newly-completed
swollen
of
the
river
might
Would
safe
the
into
labouring
were
near)
and
in
carried
was
river
reached
houses,
labour, responsibility,
affecting
dry
large logs
of
work
large
direction,
consequently
time.
the
bear).
sunstroke,
the
of water
down
black
very
that
watched
roofs
large
(or
on
before
body
bearing
on
masonry
great
the
see
injury.
poured
workers
as
to
serious
very
The
all the
fixed
were
many
brushes
or
unexpected
being
were
strength,
in flood
thoughts
boots
supposed,
was
an
from
great.
were
of their
utmost
of
children
it
as
progressing
was
excitement
and
the
in
escape
bed, the
We
despatched.
soon
provision
155
snakes.
at
one
broken
bed
to
DISASTER
ANICUT
FEARED
much
of
on
his
account.
After
to
dawn,
myself
towards
officers
early
had
an
anxious
I went
with
the
the
night,
out
morning
sweet
his
making
the
upon
river, I
was
way
hour.
He
soon
brought
bad
news.
when
the
hill
air.
surprised
up
the
arrived
There
light
to
few
As
had
and
I stood
see
me
the
of
one
I stood,
been
to
steps
hill toward
where
just beginning
was
at
and
refresh
looked
young
that
said
perceptible
very
he
rise
SIR
156
in
the
river
it, and
rise
; the
flood
have
no
flood
is
begged
longer
that
replied
advanced
he
the
and
news,
well
tidings
him
to
; he
for
know.
would
him.
I
awful
work,
God
no
to
and
he
God
But
and
it
as
whether
dreadful
the
given
was
saying
could
be
would
to
done
do
you
quietly answered,
him,
with
was
he
with
break
see
What
'*
had
day
remember
nothing
wisely
come
help
divine
anything,
trouble,"
in
told
myself."
help
present
that
look
to
destroy
to
moment.
"
to
remain
sure
he
and
go
little
the
as
sure
How
am
hardly
or
be
for
But
soon
better
lay silent, knowing
had
very
much
I had
that
As
han^ng
and
away,
would
time
"
death.
ignorance.
use.
people
myself
not
should
ful
that
no
cause
go
in
his
The
stand.
its
with,
life seemed
His
to
him
of
ordere
the
save
the
at
he
if you
"
said
I do
as
leave
be
any
both
us
informant
I could
as
brought
to
my
before
weeks
might
news
will
to
continued
story
masonry
husband.
such
would
the
of
of
his
ended
again
been
just
doubt
no
He
three
and
to
be
part
any
had
He
begun.
tell my
least
at
could
nearly
not
thread,
there
had
coming
felt I dared
by
night
that
hope
COTTON
the
daring
examine
ARTHUR
in
kept
was
"
wonder*
peace.
The
river
couM
had
be
his
for
of
into
left
our
the
house,
Before
ber
stood
Thus
and
we
damage
beyond
there
take
went
very
heard
had
all
far my
being
that
been
most
to
anxious
very
kindly
offered
him
about
concern.
to
children.
our
water
take
to
kind
of
charge
the
showed
especially
officers
and
left, or
we
which,
Httle
friends
Madras
from
sent
Before
wait
work
the
of
vestige
no
only
was
married
together,
could
we
Governor
the
until
rose,
steamer
change,
state
One
and
seen,
subsided,
away
and
rose
come
So
we
Bangalore.
soon
by
after, I do
God's
done
most
to
not
quite
gracious
the
anicut
resume
my
remem-
care
the
very
works
expectation.
mother
writes.
narrative
\
The
water
came
down
on
the
occasion
of
these
floods
in
FLOOD
such
tremendous
land
oa
wash
of
other
he
and
best
a
"
pencils
none
other
than
very
rare
book
So
boat
have
sent
was
lot all
my
have
was
seen,
work, and
his
who
the
my
favourite
and
studied
they
passages
Guy
avis Autobiography
written
could
in
this
; and, to
old-
possibly
not
also,if possible,be
look
work
of
back
and
earnest
with
incurring
severe
mark
associated
were
real
on
my
go
to
the
saved.
day,
we
stained
Indian
pleasure,
by
His
he
his
with
It is not
these
early
to
all
amidst
personality
own
we
it in
pursued
him.
mind
have
devotion
hardships himself
of
days,
which
father,as
My
purpose.
which
own
then
Godavari.
sharpen
pleasure that
back
now
and
of those
reminiscences
Hying
were
very
Madam
rescue
ardour
sustain
to
with
To
amongst
upon
ing,
surpris-
memories
The latter years of constant

tion
associastrong.
him, and
knowledge of his life's interests,have
with
him
at
and
dear
helped
to
me
of
man
the
therefore, that
are
lowland
precious book, its leaves
toil,left the
daily
all those
had
read
first began.
through life,
its details, even

his
water
flood.
mingling
the
treasure
must
the
to
the
interesting to
It is
been
out
shelves
that memorable
when
hat
told
rooms
then, and
great
cocked
the
our
on
So
friend
stream
often
was
English.
lost, and
be
had
their
It
fashioned
the
down
with
together, marking
liked
dwelling
mother
my
the
on
hat; in its tin box, and
cocked
book, which
The
was
would
its reach.
low*
furniture, boxes, baskets,
our
floated
that
treasures
father's
home
witnessed.
away
from
the
time
within
be
from
was
swept
that
during
house, which
our
of articles
all sorts
and
of
had
time, and
that
were
157
possession of
might
absent
sight that
possession
taken
TROPHIES
river,and
obstacles
we
strange
of the
whatever
occasion
one
us
side
ITS
that it took
power,
either
away
On
TIDE:
to
in
able
house
was
am
; it
fore,
is,there-
provide
to
recollections.
tiny child
rough temporary
The
side of which
was
memories
some
days.
earliest
my
when
these
I
stood
on
in
house
a
India*
on
think
We
die
all
were
banks
see
of the
rocky hill,the further
being quarried, for the
erection
of
the
SIR
158
great anicut
upon
lithe
His
it in his hoUand
blouse
and
his
hat
pith
on
sun.
India, but
he
task.
often
He
took
giving
his orders, and
his
in
the
he
would
Even
in
that
seemed
never
that
three
distance
some
the
thus
worked
him
all his
He
had
oved
the
section
were
souls
of
the
missionaries
of
they
greatest
the
God's
men
gospel, with
He
quite
sufficient
for
him.
The
ready
access
came.
Many
house, and
and
travelling
threw
and
woke
He
make
hardly
to
untiringly
officer who
every
of
prc^ramme
to
and
quite
up
was
get
many
mission
asked
which
wearying
un-
with,
on
the
not
personal
the
knew
the
gospel.
could
for
That
always
welcome
tell of his
the
of
message
its future
and
hospitable
one
; be
they belonged
missionaries
a
or
work
labouring
were
blessedness
knew
they
from
straight into
mother,
chief
carrying
its present
the
in
walked
my
I remember
returned
spent
long
they
who
to
in
hours, and
though
then
to
Christ
us
those
bananas,
people
for
he
for Christian
too.
were
oi
part
every
him.
love
of
he
men,
instantly fell asleep
hard
around
to
he
his
servants;
they
when
He
loved
Church
he
as
his
the
walk
foot, he
out
not
coadjutors
the
from
for his work.
carry
just
and
milk
had
be
hours.
effort, but
and
would
anxious, perhaps,
too
that
days together
For
pice
greeting
ready
men
English-
amongst
on
daily
passed.
he
on
even
was
with
few
which
many
refreshed, and
active,and
live
the bed, where
on
remained
out
district
he
by stages
down
many
feel the effect at the time,
house, without
himself
for
heat
absence
days'
that
heat, but worked
particular occasion,
one
ing
morn-
his
climate, saying
he would
great
to
on
with
care
that
the
which
villagesthrough
his waist
of the
rays
carefullyinvestigating
purchase
entered
or
interfere
England, being
long expeditions
which
the
over
operations throughout
on
done
it to
for the
have
bouse
great in this part of Southern
in
home
at
impressed
are
belt round
oflTthe
keep
very
themselves
of
the
leathern
to
laughed
rapid step
from
allowed
would
the
with
was
never
stayed
never
walked
head,
heat
The
figureand
he
as
memory
my
COTTON
ARTHUR
joys,
was
had
when
loving
SIR
r6o
She
the
asked
next
mundry,
as
except
with
she
said,
half
in
this
of
corner
would
When
room.
after
for
I well
under
the
more
all
I
of
to
do
being
'Wary
body
they
your
the
with
of
in
men
which
think
toys
wood
the
who
less
or
place
worked
inspired
continually
moved
spiritually
time
of
and
its
and
you
with
him
beneficial
was
that
want
rest," my
Notliing
this."
was
only
in
no
father
realise
the
relieves
the
portance
im-
taught
happiness
used
too
phere
atmos-
an
always
were
we
there
to
filled
alike
passed
live
learn
early days
were
they
they
those
day
children
value
employments.
fron) fatigue like
the
when
work,
in
moment
recreation
that
useful
If
more
so
dull
hours
pleasant
"
officers
young
all
were
something,
idle.
the
help
distress.
articles
little
did
him.
all
busy,
of
to
around
useful,
of
of
that, his influence
and
to
tude
grati-
and
often, laden
of
of
molher
my
sickness
us
some
than
when
quickly.
by
brought
was
troubles
the
and
sugar;
many
remember
ours,
and
of
times
energy
never
with
of
sweeping.
expression
an
lessen
and
those
as
to
much,
very
was
givers
He
in
one
me.
fiaither
spirit
but,
brought
remember
my
in
in
quite broken-hearted.
humble
to
power
she
time
was
Godavarl,
carpentered
given
were
one
performing
seen
little child
this
kindness.
made
exquisitely
for
sitting cross-legged
she
from
people
be
animals
Missis/'
...
was
it all the
to
year,
the
at
the
would
and
loved
their
in
comfort
Trays
She
father's
my
everything
to
baby
little present
(the children)
us
the
talk
and
sing
wee
exhibited
^'Please,
baby
buy
Letchee
day,
with
it died,
Many
to
eventful
the
So
lonely.
The
and
room,
ture
crea-
shaved^
was
back.
mother.
new
tiny
market"
work
dally
its
by
the
mother's
my
returned
The
; its head
at
Rajah-
at
She
child.
on
pigtail
into
very
"
From
and
blade
''
rupee
her
little
delight
great
little
clothes
no
house.
our
market
the
to
go
from
carrying
brought
was
might
is usual,
a
COTTON
miles
ten
evening
had,
baby
if she
about
same
all
ARTHUR
to
mind
in
say,
and
LIFE
INDIAN
life, while
His
exposure
and
if
still, he
ready
could
and
his
do
wildness
which
we
now.
The
and
lived
in
South
long
house
were
rooms
; more
generally
front
of
mother's
lap.
On
from
cradle
its
that
she
knee.
little bed
from
out
him.
places
delta
of
seemed
the
of
the
out
we
importance
father's
There
alluded
was
was
accident,
that
My
by
from
noise
the
intended,
brother,
bearer's
father's
him
reason,
but
sleep
to
move
crawled
snake
large
active
weight
of
of
work
stood
under-
we
as
realised
always
we
that
the
Life
mental
Little
care,
surrounded
canals.
and
children,
were
led
notes
his
out
scale.
point, to
to
engagements
making
planning
his
point
constantly
study,
to
occasion
an
arms
of great
when
mother)
my
being blasted,
the
my
him,
the
of
and
which
particular spot,
hear
baby
rested
our
on
shoulders.
to
distance
used
so
it while
from
seeing
for
on
tents
which
to
he
short
carried
my
something
and
pillow
on
soundly
saw
to
her
lifted
had
more
she
so,
the
in
rivers, and
too
were
raised
now,
which
maps,
child
did
travelled
I remember
by
the
the
on
fell
apparent
no
to
it.
we
different
she
the
down
one
even,
for
arms,
she
; she
under
often
Very
the
As
once
of
ceilings
dropped
occasion,
rock
to
have
and
rafters
no
were
the
through
The
evenings.
snakes
us,
house
in
believed
be
hardly
the
; there
her
into
could
round
another
wanted
own
in the
ness
happi-
places
these
of
some
India
open
in
floor
of
twilight
once
her
fun,
him,
them
give
to
of
around
those
to
calculated
howled
than
on
hours
solitude
jackals
and
nights
just
leisure
anything
full
bright, genial,
and
toil
of
one
amusement.
The
the
indeed
was
always
was
devote
to
he
only
India,
in
i6i
the
explosion,
rock
so
who
at
to
it would
that
was
the
the
a
time,
rock
had
all
us
in
at
on
child, and
an
quarry
in
stand
one
safe
very
and
shattered,
by
direction
another
fell
(already
the
However,
splinters
small
be
rock
make.
in
to
to
the
see
burst
was
to
allowed
supposed
was
that
huge
were
we
danger
all
sides
carried
exceedingly
some
from
of
in
narrow
II
us.
a
SIR
i62
escape
about
stones
were
of
eight
that
hurt.
being
years
passed
ARTHUR
killed
old"
on
had
through
COTTON
the
my
spot
bonnet
it
and
I,
torn
Mercifully
little
with
child
the
none
oi
sharp
of
us
CHAPTER
Indian
VIII
Life
Family
The
of
Star
Life
Home
Furlough
"
"
"
India
Retirement
"
AS
to
his
five
and
hours
of
stories
or
back
aloud
of
I
sailed
from
which
the
proved
in
great
aunt
and
was
My
middle
of
lurched
the
cabin,
soaked
were
now
the
of
bound
piece
the
door,
fall
on
could
the
on
the
where
us
until
at
not
on
it
any
make
our
which
alarm
was
inches
of
ship
having
the
to
floor,
was
any
walls
one
of
finally
in
hear
163
the
cabin,
the
the
''
laige
our
the
cries
the
for
floor
there
the
and
which
fell
"
up
piece
against
threatening
mass,
when
it
the
into
cords
cabin,
brought
dashed
on
great,
ship
the
rain
very
loosened
But
moment.
laid
was
the
in
and
broke
sea
in
water
and
piled
the
length
at
the
ship
pleasant
that
and
been
the
not
waves
howled
had
cabins,
the
Our
and
were
stern
were
wind
the
furniture
our
rough
so
water
several
the
of
captain
men.
we
on,
experiences
one
mattress
with
movements
after
night
port-hole,
and
was
in
were
came
We
the
of
after
for,
being
not
vessel,
courteous
hurricane
Our
rolled,
our
most
the
at
relatives.
some
one,
terrific
danger.
and
against
and
rides
trees
health
Indian
small
or
and
the
my
visit
adventurous
an
time,
to
kindest
days,
two
sea
in
Coringa
was
voyage
Madras
to
of
at
two
walks
shade
this
Then
evening
the
About
sent
was
the
ride
morning
return.
on
pleasantly
very
early
our
in
engaged
was
passed
an
on
under
house.
the
days
was
and
lessons^
father
my
the
breakfast
read
good,
we
work,
There
o'clock
three
at
Godavari
Dowlatsweram.
at
of
life, while
family
our
morning
of
distress.
to
came
The
door
blocked,
was
could
nor
still
raging
help
reached
When
able
the
few
nights
on
we
has
the
father
in
cottage
of
mother
my
my
these
Even
in
roads
of
this
sort
used
would
arrived,
cuts
to
how
speedily
calmly
as
one
what
on
the
to
She
hills,
told
me
joy, took
like
so
many
surrounded
delights.
the
to
similar
now
if it
in*
cottage
shiny
scorpions, and
house
our
not
be
able
to
after
reach
reach
climbing
us
so
us,
told, early
were
the
exactly
know
did
we
in
Sir
weather.
any
exposed
were
in
of
English
usually expected
traverse
One
roses,
other
we
journey
would
was
in
after
Travel
great
it
centipedes, snakes,
to
in
my
in"
their
were
gets used
this
to
when
seems,
scribed,
de-
unpleasant
very
We
to
many
place,
thing, looking
of
when
with
astonishing
It is
own.
and,
the
safety
days.
time.
India, bowered
not
rats,
"
frogs,
green
in
charming
visitors
England
in
short
It
and
This
relatives
lovely surroundings
beds,
strawberry
in
me
in
steamers
my
the
materially
days.
days
two
with
coming
was
India
than
went
joined
hill cottages
the
by
Madras,
those
since
less
in
cabin.
down,
four
roundings,
sur-
his
seas.
about
our
spent
land
rough
British
distance
Leaving
where
the
mediately
im-
opening
an
; he
not
was
reach
to
taken
MacKinnon's
cover
ship
vastly improved
William
that
have
died
in
He
from
berth
we
were
we
cut
out
storm
The
enabled
ordinarily
India
the
on
who
occupied
we
w^re
door.
own
our
joining
ad-
was
we
that
captain's
when
were
how
taken
whilst
in.
set
ask
to
was
the
deck
relief
calm
would
was
before
which
understand
into
fortnight's tossing
gale
o'clock
cabin
ship's carpenter,
cabins.
put
and
jured,
; the
eleven
his
reach
not
the
and
beautiful
knocked,
one
outside
was
us
him
could
for
to
make
to
two
indeed
was
it
into
went
shouted
he
sent
next
from
I think
captain
difficulty,and
between
if any
us.
the
then
hear
not
voices
our
fiercely.
ours,
were
could
we
hear
they
COTTON
ARTHUR
SIR
i64
one
hills
the
quickly.
day
our
on
forget
my
excitement
morning,
on
which
foot
for
how
was
that
and
he
great
had
taking
many
father
just
short
hours
he
SIR
i66
bedding
two
and
rooms
all
chairs^
with
the
shelter
other
furniture
in
most
for
rest
mildewed.
did
that
surprise^
in
though
from
the
to
come
whatever
servants
tude,
mother
my
long,
tray
of
in
the
indeed,
kindness
started
benefactor's
of
who
had
tion
in
but
heard
our
the
of
and
Maharaja
father's
my
To
honour.
not
little
treated
hospitality.
flower
beds
water
and
rose
in
great
glistening
columns,
were
before
that
a
was
supply
Bangalore^
of
were
Mysore,
a
gave
number
we
unknown
bountiful
was
recep*
strange^
in atten"
The
displayed.
kindness,
formed
fountains,
and
of
out
picturesquely
did
when
our
to
was
Nor
sunset,
reception
gardens,
grati"
It
meal.
achievements,
goodly
would
she
Maharajah
The
that
with
journey
magnificence
His
white
us
our
that
us
with
us
every
the
friends.
agreeable, experience.
dance
of
manner,
brought
was
found
we
tained
con-
offer, and
At
brought
rest
with
stayed
we
had
for
provisions
where
journey,
servants
this
an
had
merely
hoped
he
here.
end
by,
possible
luxurious
note
child
her
Overcome
provisions
her
desire, adding
and
accepted
giver
our
note
might
circumstances,
on
The
as
Having
close
tent
and
luncheon.
gladly
the
his
kindest
disposal,
appetising
of
again
her
round
send
to
mother
my
native
to
lady
rest-house.
at
were
him
that
lines, offering, in the
supplies
handed
tense
in-
our
dressed,
neatly
pitched
heard
had
lonely
few
had
to
gentleman.
he
attention,
my
solitude
and
window,
was
English
an
who
who
He
us.
on
gentleman,
Englishman,
allow
towards
the
whatever,
heat
open
an
and
though
Suddenly,
forget
that
stale
and
burning
through
saw,
mother's
my
the
we
The
never
attendance
attracted
his
can
coming
servant
heart
to
found
we
nothing
us
few
compelled
become
eat, having
give
and
Exhausted
were
we
dreadfiilly hungry
could
we
bed
one
but
were
condition.
heat,
fit to
not
lose
place
of
time, but, unfortunately,
were
not
There
them.
with
the
roof, for they carried
consisted
and
keeper
mother
of
dilapidated
were
We
rest-house
of
long journey
and
shelter
necessaries
; the
provisions
our
the
only
needed
generally
COTTON
ARTHUR
offered
stiff
of
us
little
which
arranged.
FOR
NEED
His
crowd
of
occupied
all
the
Madras
At
cool
hundred
feet
above
the
one
side
in
haze
of
towards
Bengal
and
Madras,
from
the
during
day,
and
mother
for
caring
service
resident
came
chaplain
in
says
the
*'
seems
no
post
I
dear
my
India.
Medical
for
and
died,
last
The
2.
time
of
disease
resting-place
no
distance
father
for
England
on
broke
out
passengers.
spread,
the
and
deep.
to
rest
four
months,
first
others
He
help
absolutely
8, and
The
but
to
now
was
board,
my
if possible,
me,
March
on
thirteen
at
must,
prolonged
occupied
voyage
in
have
to
my
it
and
duties, and
fail
that
he
There
remain
she
not
tour,
my
closed
clear
it
up
for
was
relative
to
that
will
hitherto
made
the
give
he
weary.
very
seems
way
us
small-pox
agitation
the
for
sailed
we
which
my
so
Every
advice
necessary
sides
bethe
was
a
unfit
able
being
my
uncertain
health
how
mentally
but
is
direct"
took
from
by
wife's
and
clubs,
there
greatly improved
fully expect
provided
my
cantonment,
as
to
I must
has
ings
morn-
while
generally
written
that
who
July
felt
letter
of
probability
leave
on
has
well,
am
work
clothing
clergyman
office
early
the
church,
father
In
health
physically
little
our
my
tropics.
My
and
father
My
miles
work,
in
of
Bay
duty.
time
this
About
wives
until
few
the
mission
looked
the
only
in
few
away
in
and
we
over
were
time
in
; sometimes
take
to
over
life
in
land,
far
we
airy
as
terraces
engaged
found
sick.
Sunday
on
busily
meetings,
the
was
side
We
soldiers'
mothers'
for
arranged
its
and
us
southern
other
help
to
the
visited
the
on
father
evenings
friends
our
for
plains stretching
though
my
It
From
sunrising.
the
servants
and
waiting
that
in
sea.
heat,
mother
home.
be
the
to
innumerable
father
new
our
could
on
lost
to
his
167
himself.
my
place
any
as
down
found
we
REST
my
Maharajah
together
went
while
attention,
with
talked
and
animals,
tame
my
PROLONGED
to
arrived
during
the
child
sequently
con-
terror
affected
found
their
father
My
the
with
over
and
the
The
his
captain
of
Crawford,
voyage
of
one
had
three
and
after
so
he
thought
felt
myself,
**
table
at
his
days,
word
much
the
have
said
those
good
one
of
not
them
talk
who,
near
the
end
merrily
with
the
others,
thus
orally
'
of
East
to-day.
afforded
of
of the
the
he
what
and
that
attended
he
showed
opposite
conversation.
his
greatly by
perfect that,
so
'
me,
and
We
shall
was
not
that
sure
left
been
rest,
greatly
superiority,
and
over
he
completely
understand
or
this
voyage
was
board,
on
child
pleased
books,
equivalent
for
saloon
in
the
big
ocean
felt
to
them.
chatting
at
the
of learning
first
Indiaman
on
me.
having
the
day
me
sit
to
benefited
children
with
Finding
proof
hear
to
him
near
often
feeling
was
I should
reading
general
Colonel,'
the
many
of
all
abstraction
from
requested
Bible
I feared
told
kindly
Christian
have
steerage
the
up
fectly
per-
and
them,
the
of
cheer-
prevent
in
kept
sake
to
to
him
room
regret
most
of
let
prayer
'cuddy.'
we
fully occupied
could
ayahs,
and
once,
power
had
for
the
truly
for
to-day
too
We
He
I remember
the
But
was
what
realised
and
at
many
he
this
be
to
general
only public
found
and
to
as
for
authority
voyage,
right
was
matter.
talk.
of
voyage
to
me
I should
had
he
on
the
to
day
the
was
place.
all the
consented
get
D"
R.
writes
appeared
asked
he
each
my
me
suitable
there
prayer
always
greatly
though
use
told
it
as
I could
he
or
He
old
hearts,
active-minded
so
occupation,
he
breakfast
I said
that
feel
me
all
sailed, Mr.
we
how
to
direct
starting,
interruptions, which,
to
them
talking
early friends,
contributed
after
; but
reading
the
in
with
manner.
which
in
ing,
read-
connection
winning
genial
as
; but
after
Soon
'cuddy'
in
and
ship
no
months
four
or
fulness.
he
in
Arthur's
feel, with
happy,
not
in
and
cheery
Sir
notes
in
voyage
pondering,
ever
misgivings
some
would
the
was
the
the
:"
man
he
during
and
passengers,
by
young,
"
calculations
projects
many
himself
occupied
making
in
COTTON
ARTHUR
SIR
i68
steamers
FRIENDS
''Subsequently,
and
got
two
look
at
and
accent,
said
they
health
advisable
He
his
renew
who
at
him
in
friendship
the
first
the
and
love
house
and
know
laiê
well
the
her
as
house
door
Chalmers'
and
Beckenham,
side
by
he
always
Chalmers
It
Hearts
was
wife
father,
aged
of
(author
to
his
and
and
Marsh,
at
learned
Rectory.
Mr.
with
lived
we
years,
to
Chalmers,
Chalmers
after
His
possible.
as
whom
Mr.
once
many
and
English
hall
The
hospitality.
for
with
the
air;
entered,
stranger
Mr.
Lord's
Prayer,
and
garden,
the
family
Mr.
in
or
reading.
Chalmers
F.
father
pleasant
of
at
meetings
former
days
arrival
of
prayer
unheard
and
the
scarcely
As
is
allusion
an
Beckenham,
to
after
the
but
Beckenham
at
none
so
doors
was
last
the
voice
'
Amen
pleasant
Cotton.
It
wide
open
were
and
voices
'
knelt
joined
heard
was
been
was
to
when
just ending,
unobserved,
all
tory
Rec-
more
Arthur
Sir
stranger's
had
the
and
family
Chalmers.
behind
Rev.
my
morning,
summer
Bible
the
noon,
the
in
or
at
in
went
"
unexpected
sunny
day,
short
and
came
every
of the
friends
the
them,
hottest
considered
soon
for
ideal
drawing-room,
were
with
the
the
was
side
friends
open;
absence:
Many
natives
Frederick
English
almost
it
fought
D.D.
as
the
intensely.
near
and
in
was
as
Rev.
sister, Miss
an
meeting
an
than
Town
Beckenham
"
such
Memoir
first
*^
that
had
Marsh,
study,
the
long
state
full, for
beloved
way,
the
in
his
change
affection.
always
always
pleasantest
In
the
war,
well
so
words
was
met
the
to
not
got
years
it
Penge,
which,
dispensed
Hands)
with
Burmese
works,
popular
to
seventeen
William
Rev.
visit
had
this,
themselves."
leave
deepest
the
delightful
the
on
of
age
cherished
as
short
should
two
though
felt
delicate
he
for
went
father
so
that
of
one
promise
they
in
London,
my
in
was
that
169
instancing
to
munshi,
as
reached
we
weather,
July
just
India
to
result
the
pamphlet
till, with
with
RECTORY
wrote
going
spoke
When
he
men
book
BECKENHAM
AT
just
in
the
amongst
said, before
SIR
I70
friends
the
From
; but
that
somewhat
he
took
house
Gloucestershire,
of
delight
fruit
and
there
gardens,
father
the
flowed
It
which
at
have
having
the
about
the
observing
the
in
years
Uiat
things
have
been
has
operated
wonderful
of
knowledge
the
among
gracious
for
preparation
Lord
our
God's
in
Saviour,
and
of
notes
said
:"
and
travelling
of
opportunity
native
be
certain
can
more
nothing
diat, through
missionary operations and
which
gave
India,
time
much
had
he
He
handwriting.
that
dyes
the
munity;
com-
in
and
than
waters
Meeting,
of
progress
whose
Missionary
thirty
some
beside
that
own
bourhood
neigh-
works
villages
have
country,
from
throughout
generally
been
the
full.
with
grounds,
blue
the
those
than
more
of
describable,
in-
are
to
cloth
and
our
of
his
in
have
been
mills
indigo
one
Church
still
we
deep
in
was
had
through
them
intercourse
enjoyed
Indian
life
clergy
and
flower
an
country
in
place
luxury
To
forget
the
spent
well-filled
enjoyed
we
and
The
and
English
who
with
address
**
work
their
used.
Hills.
find
we
lovely
in
Eventually
where
to
never
found
to
winter.
moved
willingly helped
very
stained
an
of
"
short
be
anxious
houses
certainly
river, that
were
the
shall
we
manufacturers,
were
spend
Cotswold
pleasures
in
of the
was
old-fashioned
and
My
and
we
the
on
that
the
family
to
years
for
is to
Weston-super-Mare,
at
from
months;
six
which
than
quiet
more
lively resort,
in
Wells
Tunbridge
to
for
thirty-six
arms."
other's
longed
for
parted
"
went
we
climate
warm
he
each
in
Penge
time
COTTON
comrades
and
clasped
were
ARTHUR
mind
my
other
means
there
providence,
the
of the
spreading
Jesus Christ, throughout
India.
"When
He
'Behold
visited
the
clearly foresaw,
that
had
He
The
Acts.
shown
by
cometh,
tell
us
tell her
the
who
all
the
had
He
called
things.'
fellow-townsmen
seen
who
woman,
is
is
The
but
of
said,
Christ
We
she
know
with
had
Truth
simplicity
He
; when
eagerness
that
the
that
cometh,
which
found
He
the
by
recorded
the
'
disciples,
harvest'
afterwards
were
His
to
to
power,
reception
which
Philip,
said
already
Divine
by
not
signs
white
are
witnessed,
of
preaching
He
Samaria,
fields
she
the
signs
at
the
in
the
of
faith
Messiah
He
ran
will
to
Messiah,
MISSIONARY
and
their
ready
Him
keep
occurred
about
First.
**
He
had
has
weed,
what
hands
with
His
disciples
observant
of
glorious
secondly.
''And,
entered
had
woman
but
that,
this
Samaria
at
persevering
according
spiritual things,
of
the
observe
am
of
operations
expressly
more
to
of
speak
myself
"Would
Lord
our
how
For
den3ring, practical
that
''These
by
been
love
for
of
so
of
when
outcast
there
before
in
of
to
is
our
whole
the
society, but
is
this
"
worthy
indeed,
I would
India, because
to
and
seen,
of
India,
have
years
persevering
all
its
sin, the
many
hoped
about
'Other
which
have
men
simple, faithful, selflived
men
against
Abraham
so-called
in
the
poor
experience,
and
time,
I have
say
many
and
truly
men
children
utmost
ye
died
and
in
country
indeed
this
these
long
reference
which
and
conversant
not
laboured.'
that
with
that
that
blessed
this
when
it were,
time
this
reference,
of
time
laboured,
among
things,
at
with
consideration
the
universal
seed
to
by accident,
had
been
humble,
patient,
Messiah,
labouring
coming
material
been
of
"
as
hope,
importance
greatest
field
wish
has
there
earnest
vast
in
as
but
they equally
the
discern
joyful
men
almost
to
this
in.
faith,
the
against
their
were
might
harvest
or
coming
filling
say
be
to
grass
of
conclude
also, there
diligently, hoping
harvest,
her
of
from
He
well,
must
we
preachers
Samaritans,
how
gathering
obtained
not
did
Why
are
the
nothing
reapers
'Other
says,
labours.'
He
from
saw
and
is when
assurance
the
how
and
seen
is
there
though
as
; that
there
utmost
be
are
distinguished
spiritual
their
into
think
"
where
be
'
perception,
harvest
things, they
should
crop
the
on
not,
ye
harvest
your
before
coming
wliat
from
directly
things which
the
observe
to
bear
cometh
is
the
such
about
symptoms
are
then
already
golden com.
the
ready
if you
as
will
to
faith.
inferences
disciples, Say
clear
with
speak
you
harvest,
His
scarcely
can
anxiety
met.
are
'How
and
of
proof
two
which
just appeared,
but
but
call
we
171
testimony,
draw
may
faith
about
your
'
1
Four
months
proved
seen
which
said,
strong
blade
were
Jesns sajrs to
months, and
yet four
are
we
her
all
occasion,
that
on
matter
them,
think,
of
reception
among
Here,
"
ADDRESS
ages
they
Christian
strength,
system
of
training
hope
they
"
opposed
were
Government,
the
his
dupes
which
to
to
they
the
madness,
idolatry,
were
the
countered
en-
stupidity,
Satan
raise
had
against
SIR
172
their
ARTHUR
salvation
own
they
often
COTTON
laboured
ten,
some
twenty,
some
and
thirty years,
case
appearing more
more
but the plain comhopeless, with nothing to support them
mands
and
and
then
promises of God, except that now
God
them
to
remind
that
when
He
would
pleased
was
would
the
soul of some
work, none
let, by giving them
for their hire, and
these
often
perishing one
too
so
poor
weak
that they were
trial
those
who
constant
to
a
were
in the way
of Truth.
trying to lead them
At this time, how
have
continually
they had to bear, in
the
addition
to so
trials,
of their
blaspheming taunts
many
their small
exulting over
ungodly countrymen,
success.
of them
have
died, without
Perhaps many
being favoured
few
with even
proofs that the Word
a
they proclaimed was
some
the
'*
of God
unto
salvation, but, almost
all, till of
power
that
late years, without
would
be
called
anything
a harvest
be safely said of them
It may
died
in faith,not
'They
the
"
reaped indeed,
promises afar off.'
having
''
But,
have
to
what
now,
than
more
but
having
is the
to
once
of
state
*
say,
the
seen
fulfilment
things
fields
The
am
sure
white
are
of the
we
already
harvest'
have, in
Government
"First
great
withdrawn
measure,
opposition.
their
Several
"Second.
of
local
the
Governors
most
are
heartily supporting the Missions, subscribing liberally to

them, and
presiding at the meetings."
Gloucestershire
From
spent
the
cough
found
its way
infected
became
little sister,to
settled
We
where
we
was
and
to
it
My
father
and
was
Barnet, within
for
some
of
work
return
of
it was,
my
to
for
the
whooping
whole
family
ill,and
very
we
my
it, leaving
to
filled.
been
all felt it
trial,the death
yeara
nursery
years,
the
father, however,
My
we
the
at
remained
obliged
winter
into
never
and
sad
very
where
London,
to
great grief,succumbed
our
next
ministry
father.
by
has
that
blank
the
winter.
returned
we
India.
keenly.
youngest
easy
reach
and
appreciated fully
vicar, the
with
not
was
This
It
was
Rev.
us
our
was
followed
brother
at
the
of
W.
London,
Penne*
long. He
first separation,
by
age
another
of
six
SIR
174
cry,
Sahib
aside
the
''
called
! Sahib
its hood
the
said,
peril
with
''
about
the
muskets
of
death
loving
Not
India
knows
is
record
no
having
years.
raised
in
authentic
latest
of
the
show
from
than
the
from
after
long
domestic
during
he
his
hesitate
to
expression
to
his
was
asked
in
the
schoolroom,
the
He
task,
Africa,
the
but
the
year,
any
had
almost
at
the
so
nor
result
many
was
life
before
him,
meeting
misgivings
nothing
more
very
and
could
memorable
one
consent
The
he
and
forgotten
he
forsaken
missionary
with
t(^ther
nearly
would
just
the
near
private
degree.
seconds
On
house
gathered
were
smallest
several
and
with
great mortality.
small
had
he
in
in
enjoyed
which
speak
habit
heroes, having
our
family
thoughts.
he
to
took
his
and
speech
for
sand
thou-
ground
less, in
ever
of
one
residence
English
hardly
He
even
for this
the
Yet
The
the
on
when
bite
snake-
from
snake-bite.
accounts
was
parting.
long
was
above.
Africa.
pleasures,
of
power
also
many
subject,
forthcoming.
sleeping
are
given
lionised,
be
had
cause
where
Parsonage,
to
largely
number
returned
of
this
Europeans
from
perished
for
897 nearly twenty-one
in
child-
or
discussion
on
danger
lived
least
at
ago
were
in
population
this
India,
of
none
that
Livingstone
Dr.
His
for
I believe, there
woman,
years
deaths
but
people
in
newspaper
of
uncovered
Deaths
how
me
has
But,
man,
"
few
Calcutta
native
feet
the
that
sought,
Indian
from
the
to
who
one
escapes.
snake-bite
told
returns
riding
but
room
made
Every
European
any
instances
were
been
have
snakes.
from
been
shown
now
he
room,"
moment
every
quiet
large
my
I had
has
my
hair-breadth
of
am
God
was
He
despatched
to
death
in
references
of
died
soon
hiss.
protection."
from
experienced
servants
care.
my
come
head,
returned
loud
his
God's
and
men,
have
few
of
sense
heard
The
"
and, hastily pulUng
up
above
there,
expecting
and
care
doorway,
past
angry
might
the
sprang
spread.
lines
He
was
such
COTTON
!"
and
light
with
it, and
of
curtain
for
cobra
ARTHUR
he
give
occasion
to
he
be
held
took
undernor
less
GENERAL
than
breakdown
intercourse
instruct
us
travels
was
for
hours
other
naird
L.
C.
Hadley
General
perils
of
as
Colin
knew
their
by
sabre
tall,strong,
the
one
accoutred
in his
whip
but,
first
in
adventures
he
was
endeavouring
feet
to
was,
hand.
His
to
strength
He
disengaged
the
opposite
horse
found
wrote
of
manhood
of
Godavari
his
carried
current
himself,
bank,
from
march
the
the
and
swam,
with
landing
his
lower
shore
to
way
"
features.
the
cross
the
He
it is recorded
and
on
stitution,
con-
spared.
was
handsome
occasion,
one
pieces
to
vigorous
British
very
and,
thirty*seven
his
of
danger.
cut
had
life
his
the
sepoys,
almost
to
specimen
on
personal
he
owing
friends
through
by
"
name.
the
passed
that
nursing,
Grodavari
his
as
said
body,
wife's
his
off
it,was
was
of
moment
Kin-
Lord)
might
without
not
express
Rajahmundry,
at
also
of
Taylor,
WUbraham
another
He
and
Mr.
family,
whom
typically fair, with
when,
horse
his
of
'*
river
his
mother,
my
(afterwards
defenceless
to
their
Mrs.
was
magnificent
and
visited
Madras,
of
neighbourhood,
the
cheer
others
and
It
his
in
Arthur
time.
to
his
on
indeed,
that
at
used
and
He
and
entertain
reminiscences
and
and
many
this
sabres."
cuts
was,
and
Mutiny,
father
my
Mr.
Mackenzie
at
the
Trotter
Honble.
wife,
attacked
was
with
he
as
private
In
would
and
constant
Mrs.
the
his
and
we
come."
resident
was
Bevan,
Hurst,
whom
speech, for,
his
not
together
friends
and
Captain
R.
would
delightful
intercourse
Mrs.
of
175
adventures.
Amongst
were
MACKENZIE
middle
words
he
and
whose
the
in
it, ^^the
expressed
He
COLIN
down."
His
wife
follows
**
Cotton,
afterwards
We
who
had
did
Irrigation Works.
five
per
of whole
shadow
Lord
cent
and
districts
of
delightful
for
wonders
In
the
ten
reported
perfectly insufferable,'
Madras
the
the
nor
him
because
any
to
he
Presidency
by
revenue
rose
He
by famine,
remedy
the
being
Home
said
the
as
Arthur
doubled.
were
father,
my
Colonel
from
depopulated
being
inquiry made,
Dalhousie
visit
years
exports
from
visit
his
twentytold
and
not
thought
Government
state
of
Cuttack
us
of.
as
176
SIR
disgrace
was
Native
of
facts
The
all
of
progress
shidabad
whole
the
the
the
nothing
course,
Cotton
again
occupy
would
have
of
of
an
informal
of
he
that
latter,
Government
!'
Murshidabad
by
Cotton
been
selection
consequently
he
sation
organialtered,
and
no
became
special functions,
any
Government
the
the
not
not
which
to
Works
Public
without
had
did
but
Engineer,
allotted
Engineers
to
it, but
; the
Madras,
to
by seniority,
Colonel
adviser
as
Government,
of
city
Chief
Engineership
longer by seniority.
and
the
the
Major
terms
the
see
plan
done."
of
post
in
bad
opposed
not
returned
Department
Commandant
did
'
judge
to
strongly
the. Supreme
was
entitled
been
Chief
the
had
the
the
he
Major
"2,000.
such
Mur-
groynes,'
as
other
of
protect
to
upon
Colonel
and
that
answer
not
the
of
and
friend
by
been
on
the
proposed
city
supported
were
is
oppose
sent
recommendation
representative
for
of
And,
have
Council
of
the
his
current
would
the
one
called
was
the
of
to
Cotton
Lieutenant-Governor
acting
returned
took
Colonel
and
There
destruction,
concerned,
wise
other-
as
banks
away
of
like
and,
control,
nothing
part
with
course
President
whatever
is
great
danger.
The
to
neither
Bengal,
amount
there
so
backed
possible.
immense
an
of which
expense
Mackenzie
as
to
much
the
in
yearly, cutting
threatened
diverting
rivers
the
course
impending
the
even
worse*
was
province, requires
water.
being
disgrace,
it
now
of
out
got
denied.
Bengal,
was
the
that
of
that
the
Mackenzie,
and
be
one
its
all
was
He
formerly
and
property
in
stone
for
in
shapes
destroying
of
it
could
rivers
it
that
Bhagavati,
the
COTTON
Goverament'
any
Government,
which
"
to
by stating
scrape
ARTHUR
engineering
on
subjects.
During
was
in
about
most
attendance
with
stations, where
Mutiny
never
did
once
on
him
not
found
troublous
the
of
General
from
it
was
Sir
place
to
thought
develop
himself
in
in
Patrick
plac^
danger
the
a
of
time
Madras
disturbed
the
Mutiny,
Grant
inspecting
might
He
district
went
different
arise, but
Presidency,
he
and
He
the
he
was
at
this
he
had
time
the
irrigation
authority
on
in his
own
only
; not
That
regard
in
this
from
Minutes
Department,
dated
extract
Trevelyan,
Bart,
paragraphs
of
''It
have
which
that
commenced
at
forward
looked
really
the
as
are,
profitable, undertakings
possibly
innumerable
the
in this
confidently
it is
position
debt
her
been
respect
to
pay
far
asserted
all
her
by
than
expenditure
needless
under
any
and
be
pressed
circumstances,
in
as
again
fact
they
the
most
of
could
has
money
in
invested
Government
in
have
vacillating, and
too
could
be
placed
gradually
speedily
of
ward
for-
bring
to
which
scheme
be
Government
now
expenses
deemed
resources,
because
and
hensive
compre-
be
may
all
the
India
earnest
large scale,
desultory,
that
and
on
great
in
the
proceedings,
advantageously
too
readily
more
the
to
difficulties
strong,
proceedings
only
final
out
several
country,
which
in
The
which,
and
most
The
works.
irrigation
Charles
these
on
instances
been
Presidency
this
is
It
engage.
Sir
economical,
most
an
when
practically treated,
and
on,
the
all times,
by
apparent
pointing
works
and
peer.
Works
undoubtedly
boldly
once
throughout
be
its
develop
to
necessary
wants
Public
unanimous,
of
sary,
neces-
in the
the
in
irrigation
found
"
Directors
their
but,
Madras^
Madras.
when
reviewed
of
that
of
the
of
view
were
resolved
all
be
of
with
without
was
will
Governor
express
advocacy
he
admitted
connected
was
1858,
15,
Minutes
been
Government
and
May
Court
Honourable
counsel
greatly
was
Presidency
so,
and
Cotton
Consultation
of
the
for whom
Madras,
matters
irrigation
to
was
finally
is
all
emphatically
was
1177
Engineers,
Colonel
his
India
generally, throughout
for
of
military duties,
chief
of
Goveraor
Commandant
now
the
be
the
'"
ADVOCACY
affection.
greatest
with
occupied
of
guest
Although
to
EARNEST
AND
"UNANIMOUS
by
in
discharge
judicious
retrenchment
or
reduction.
''
It is
long.
India
If
and
right
we
add
to
have
have
one
done
founded
remark
our
a
duty
system
to
at
otherwise
paper
least
which
to
will
this
be
too
part
a
12
source
of
SIR
178
of
due
to
and
perseverance,
officers
have
for
NOW
OCCUPY
WILL
BE
VIEW,
the
this
of
project
Madras
and
the
Later
he
on
reported,
Company,
Canal
project
new
of
the
ablest
his
knowledge,
canal,
his
who
Cautley,
Colonel
Cotton's
head
the
on
and
obliged
main
it
of
in
and
report,
of
the
answer
and
to
the
the
to
site
without
Sir
Proby
works
of
the
criticisms
of
of
one
fully acknowledged
was
objection
hill, instead
hands
to
view
printed
was
tion,
irriga-
Irrigation
His
executed
across
Government
to
with
it
visited
dam
the
to
Calcutta,
the
Canal^
the
into
Eventually
work.
his
knowledgment
ac-
on
for
to
of
writings,
felt himself
due
also
of
subject
with
fell
of
Orissa, which
He
water
request
connected
and
concems
matter
therefrom
of
same
numerous
it
entrusted
subject
canal
Ganges
planned
who
and
be
to
PUBLIC
THE
of
and
the
the
the
on
WHO
Government
Province
on
the
at
ated
vener-
receive
to
Supreme
supply
on
to
MANY,
Company.
and
the
reported
subsequently
the
Canal
and
be
sake,
not
the
lecture
indebted
are
although
himself
Rajmahal,
at
navigation,
of
and
direction,
will
own
have
life-time."
to
by
has
and
and
IN
the
that
the
canal
plain country,
was
his
England,
well
founded.
In
the
received
public
the
at
^
The
he
i860
India,^ and,
left
of
honour
in
banquet
banquet
order
is
passed
on
by
knighthood,
London.
record
the
on
No
; from
Government
and
arrival
in
entertained
was
report
all
such
of
Madras
of
'
devoted
and
WHEN
our
in
irrigation
gave
Ganges
we
own
reported
Irrigation
Calcutta,
genius
were
his
suggested
been
had
he
time
advice
PLACE
for
Cotton
during
At
his
; but
be,
it is
industry
spirit
name
FORGOTTEN
Colonel
if
regret
Cotton's
LARGER
would
it
him,
not
able
UNBORN,
MUCH
nation,
discouragement,
Other
of
yet
as
admirable
every
Cotton's
millions
BY
us
with
under
creation
Colonel
alone.
of
Colonel
aid
great
to
which,
result.
great
caught
this
credit
spite
invaluable
rendered
him
and
in
this
out
COTTON
mind,
master
one
worked
but
wealth
and
strength
ARTHUR
what
at
passed
manifestations
is
most
cordial
KNIGHT
Sir
COMMANDER
Arthur
offer
of
with
for
State
knighthood
the
in
availed
attendance
her
in
Cotton,
the
Her
on
following
letter
"
Office,
appeared
in
the
St
his
George
of
Madras
the
the
following letter
From
the
officiating Secretary
to
22nd
2 1 St
October,
of the
desired
am
brigade
at
approved
are
commands
without
once
case,
the
of
different
Order
[Communicated
to
of
17th
the
dated
the
in
No,
the
by
October,
121^
loth
Engineers,
and
{True
Pay
Commandant
of
"
Military
Auditor-
Accountant-General,
"
Engineers.
General,
in
disposed
Colonel
the
to
to
Arthur
the
ot
carried
were
; but
number
Governor
out
present
approve
mark
the
Cotton,
of
January^
Commandant
ot
Department]
Secretary
to
Government,
as
Fort
i860.
Extract^
Adjutant-General.
"
of
1859.
Acting
the
To
tion
rela-
the
measure,
Commander-in-Chief,
the
that
in
India.
is
honourable
George,
Commandant
reductions
some
performed
minute
the
Saint
am
information
Government
the
of
Council
view,
of
incumbents
in
President
that
last, I
the
recently reducing
present
services
signal
George,
to
with
course,
Government
when
for
you,
of
George.
October
21st
the
to
904,
Saint
Fort
of Fort
office
the
Presidency,
this
the
in
the
that
reference
especially noted
Saint
in
honourable
and
valuable
by
observe,
to
acquaint
Government
No.
1859,
of the
proceedings
the
1859.
3734,
to
to
Engineers,
it
as
India, Military
of
December,
letter, No.
dated
3735,
exactly
"
Government
Military Department,
your
it
public
Government.
the
to
desired
No.
the
before
"
William,
Government,
to
reference
With
in
I reproduce
Madras
Gazette^
Read
Secretary
bring
to
in
being
DEPARTMENT.
Proceedings
Fort
i860.
20,
my
services
good
services.
MILITARY
Department,
Balmoral,
at
and
of
Fori
of
opportunity
Majesty,
acknowledgment
its
the
continued
long
your
of
"
of
myself
Wood,
intimation
conveyed
Sept
Colonel
could
Charles
Sir
India
Dear
179
which
modesty
(then
India)
INDIA
OF
deep
Halifax
Lord
of
Secretary
the
shrank
shaken.
be
not
Cotton
STAR
the
SIR
i8o
of
works
Madras,
that
you
of
Her
ARTHUR
and
I have
Majesty
conferring
upon
of your
COTTON
pleased
was
the
you
pleasure
great
signify
to
honour
in
of
acquainting
her
intention
knighthood
in
I remain,
truly,
yours
C.
Arthur
CoL
be
must
by
Cotton's
was
battle
but
suffering
and
both
the
opposite
which
having
one
It
to
be
cannot
the
said
the
sighted
viceroys
branches
the
the
either
its arduous
always
he
the
Deakin,
peer,
funds.
heroes
is from
Indian
the
of
ideal
speaking
as
administration,
the
bold
policy
times
at
those
by
made
when
of
them
been
Far-
ture
expendi-
their
success
rewarded
of
in
as
their
they
charge
against the
measured
officials
of
expressed
Importance
other
services
members
thoughtful
rarely
even
the
spot
administration.
has
the
of
recognised
have
have
work
duly
which
of
the
and
service
ability
upon
the
adopted
conditions,
districts."
great
of
control
in view
exhausting
Again,
even
been
themselves
men
deserved,
that
have
of
for
admiration
but
in
irrigation works,
upon
Mr.
up.
concern
have
Engineers
with
other
set
nation
public
treat
the
:"
say
entrusted
or
has
the
we
way
Christian
our
personal
no
is constrained
of
far
Christianity
is the
made
in
from
saved
received
been
from
large grant
he
no
He
killed
he
have
Parliament,
this
to
how
shows
of
is
friends.
Had
would
quately
ade-
say,
his
those
of
he
death,
of
Arthur
never
hardly
complaint
hundredth,
Houses
received
peace
or
need
strongly
Sir
were
life-destroyer.
view,
that
India
one
the
premature
have
That
is
not
tithe,
of
thanks
**
; it
life-saver,
and
his
friends,
to
This,
the
to
his
services
recognised.
of
given
of
many
remarkable
complaint
Wood.
Cotton.
Expression
cherished
nition
recog-
services.
the
lying
out-
same
remarks:
ability, recognising
^
"Seeing
their
their
ph)rsical
Irrigated India^
p. 230.
high
trials
character
when,
and
in
the
i82
SIR
and
from
the
had
estimated
to
his
projects,
To
urged.
Yet
authority
had
at
one
in
significance
he
turn
those
Arthur
what
the
by
met
was
in
those
were
ways
rail-
of
furore
The
disastrous
laboured
with
of
he
that
he
communication
of
with
power,
all
interviews
supplies."
means
of
unheeding)
so
every
barrier, "No
the
all
that
(or
full
the
by
and
of
out
sun-bathed
but
schemes
great
pen
unwilling
so
done,
insuperable
seized
his
recognise
to
as
these
and
season
foundation
the
good
had
He
in
crusade
had
he
even
moments.
His
him.
taught
than
also
but
out,
anticipations,
were
with
both
power.
his
out
carry
incessantly
Cotton
sanguine
most
had
past
beneficial
irridescent
Not
successful
the
more
forward
uiê
season.
far
carried
be
to
which
proved
in
reason
ought
experience
schemes
in
works
necessary
COTTON
ARTHUR
had
India
in
that
to
consequences
country.
When
have
a
he
said, broken
year's
to
north-west
of
corner
attacks
of
that
quite
had
We
called
let.
was
lovely
for
with
to
fact
the
gratitude
for
able
were
of
delight
that
everything
We
us
the
all.
in
take
shall
of
provision
found
rooms,
be
desired
possession
forget
never
just
it
the
could
to
be
to
was
it, and
burning
friend
such
at
my
home
as
needed.
There
was
oval-shaped
besides
was
In
fires
task.
simple
which
inspect
to
over
admit
to
when
town
delightful place
had
this
even
the
liable
reached
we
he
house,
in
days
comfort:
every
emergency.
father's
of
of
drove
grounds,
our
once,
us
mother
My
replete
he
told
few
when
the
in
constantly
ill that
so
try
decided
Stream,
was
undertake
to
He
suitable
unable
been
only
and
of
search
in
was
Gulf
the
Devonshire.
fever, and
Barnstaple,
he
of
neighbourhood
to
He
place.
as
was,
advised
was
sheltered
warm,
he
time,
this
at
health, and
in
some
the
England
to
down
in
rest
into
go
to
returned
furniture.
to
remove
pretty
very
room,
with
mirrors
Chippendale
My
father's
all the
in
drawing-room
tables
first
ornaments,
china
and
and
act
and
on
other
this
an
posed,
artistically dis-
light
entering
cover
house,
the
articles
the
tables
house
with
CHARTS
maps,
papers,
other
sundry
was
was
room
to
like
would
which
study,
Oh
every
of
implements
good
"
and
compasses,
in
be
the
house
of
him
to
and
maps
nothing
So
go."
see
and
employment,
wherever
the
answer
like
too.
as
There
his
but
sensible
India
allow
to
that
use
for
craft
disposal,
his
well
as
particular
own
at
fit
reminded
induce
his
shall
rules,
measuring
was
daresay
183
MAPS
AND
be
to
papers
removed.
He
he
of
was
would
the
spread
rivers,
pocket
to
are
at
his
necessary
conceivable
of
and
the
be
end
of
and
ideas,
to
colouring
the
on
could
navigation
in
fond
very
which
book,
with
he
marked
canals
constructed
maintain
circumstances.
in
and
while
floor,
way
charts
water
map
India
showing
the
for
large
the
the
course
and
irrigation
will
irrigated
storage
in
which
maps,
centres
channels
be
found,
ing
accord-
which
in
all
CHAPTER
Earnest
Endeavours
rendered
have
Futile
natives,
native
this
view
of
the
the
they
is
to
and
means
behind
whit
one
them."
"
Chamber
closing
as
they
opportunity
to
alike
needs
whole.
for
the
made
been
when
restrain
the
later
not
find
be
the
open
Madras
is
one's
the
future
from
country
the
at
Sir
Arthur
184
would
instead
at
in
moment,
awful
most
India,
received
it
the
of
this
indifference
were
the
half-century
past
hopeful,
the
pounded
pro-
had
ad(^ted,
And,
of
accounts
of
the
as
He
which,
schemes
the
of
India
of
and
outlook.
this
view
opportunity.
of
history
afforded
Madras,
schemes,
the
and
indignation
proposals
this
forward
hopeless,
reaching
in
spent
career,
comprehensive
of
use
put
given
heart-rending
suffering
had
might
of
prising
enter-
they
would
which
Presidency
whole
the
almost
present
and
have
and
Madras
accepted,
changed
India,
cause.
official
Cotton's
taking
full
policies
have
If
you
poor,
channels
not
are
President
headquarters
at
were
him
Col.
of
years
of
He
policies
the
believe
Merchant^
Thomson,
natives
enterprise
any
in
labour
Commerce.
of
THE
in
is
I
necessary,
ourselves
James
which
poverty
education
the
the
fied
satis-
being
but,
the
adoption
when
change,
any
their
That
cannot
of
the
to
open
beneficial
employing
experience.
it is their
but
true,
in
cautious
no
of
experience
my
them
personally
prove
very
have
by
found
but
change,
the
of
apathy
to
of
dislike
introduction
the
to
will
same
naturally
are
which
them
and
attributed
is confirmed
generally
in
England
their
case
have
in
Prosperous
Inertness
agriculture
enterprise,
improvements,
the
of
state
of
character.
they
and
want
that
of
the
India
Official
by
their
that
say
of
heard
make
to
India
"
IX
human
is
hard
which
with
at
to
time
if
when,
have
be
between
lines
and
and
canals.
Because,
in
former,
and
place.
Railways
them
upon
of
had
to
the
roads
as
the
enable
to
come
be
to
have
would
it is now,
in
country
of
Colonel
existence
the
future.
of
In
"
the
that
he
rulers
of
him,
implored
country's
Old
been
something
remedies
in
tions),
publicadistressful
most
his
India,
in
in
acute
more
grow
saw
necessities
But
attain
did
"
entirely
the
saved
seven-leagued
evils, against
our
giant
Eastern
which
hand,
to
foreign
vain, for
practically nothing
the
besought
remedies
means
in
he
that
easily
were
introduce
^not
terms,
India
to
which
to
strain."
prophetic
of
and
not
have
would
apply
to
them
would
for
deliberately
official
of
days
agonizing,
even
needed,
done.
last
experience
irrigationally, although
has
is
and
Empire
"
India
country
third,
dominions
British
poorest
which
distress
in earnest,
was
those
in
To
It
the
this
earth.
Cotton,
the
the
and
of
railways
Indian
upon
money
buildings
remark
(the
being
ment
improve-
the
India, that
of
roads
reversal
exact
in
first rank
perhaps
all the
An
founded
it is
the
and
railways
wonders
the
in
and
expended
last
this
third
the
to
and
watering
from
was
permit),
front, while
money
irrigation first,and
such
instead
because
as
the
and
been
prosperity,
made
it
constructed.
worked
have
the
upon
soil,though
much
as
the
almost
be
first,buildings
twice
with
facts
relegated
were
irrigation
(to
the
to
more
easy
spent
policy, navigation
would
an
and
the
than
reason
trunk
few
latter
was
pages,
familiar
very
the
and
nearly
was
of
irrigation
were
with
second,
cam^
little
more
and
are
not
opponents,
these
navigation
we
assigning
his
and
rather, between
or
England,
need
troubles
in
again
canals,
pushed
navigation
water
him
and
but
in
were
between
widespread
know
charitable
railwajrs
these
again
railway,
more
adopted,
fight
shown
railways
of
been
The
occurred.
will
as
had
they
185
FORETOLD
DISTRESS
SERIOUS
which
to
the
something
navigationally,
Sir
Empire,
strides, while
while
his
Arthur's
have
vanced
ad-
remedies
SIR
i86
have
been
From
Sir
fifty
are
forward
Arthur's
writings during
old.
who
one,
lift India
afford
them
the
this
at
The
sheds
remarked
been
flood
to
argument
and
most
of
light
of
but
how
the
bear
the
his
mighty
so
would
would
are
WHAT
of
which
be
used
the
gain
Sir
''the
the
of
without
are
The
to
any
at
of
results
truth
general
not
only
and
Directors,
wishes
mend
com-
understand
to
brought
be
may
is anxious
to
to
and
communities,
apply
of
regeneration
Cotton's
Arthur
of
people
TA^
teachings,
empire."
forth
called
and
the
"
POOR,
AND
RICH,
poor?
Times^
ENGLAND
Because,
(excepting bullocks),
means
The
more,
mighty
which
observations
Times
if, once
India,
regeneration
INDIA
the
arrives
of
the
it
Indian
our
cogency
it is, we
one
has
in
once
and
for
what
problem,
Presidents
every
come
published.
of
of
yielding
individuals
COUNTRY
Why
future
who
in
among
MAKES
dark
science
modern
commend
commendation
intricate
as
tion
republica-
then
and
India, of
may
be
about
bring
These
estate,
empire."
Great
Times
of
principles,
own
solution
at
to
dition,
con-
surely
their
from
the
"
gentleman
happiness
those
to
of
English
resources
on
how
study
will
book
Such
usefulness.
every
the
scientific
done
countrywomen,
demonstration,
and
be
year.
unread.
the
scarcely
mathematical
immediate
it to
the
over
while
practical
once
is
difficult
and,
possessions,
It
"
existing
resourceless
good
some
remarks
this
may
and
Of
the
to
in
years
his
remarks
these
time.
of
and
fellow-subjects
particular
Times
always
at
Indian
unhappy
our
what
distressful
that
ten
written
were
countrymen
my
confidence
prayerful
to
to
they
leave
to
last
Some
understand
to
of its present
can
his
pertinent
as
though
as
wishes
out
commend
are
tread.
slippered
citations.
They
India
in
with
as
copious
some
years
situation
No
shufHed
I make
India
COTTON
ARTHUR
Dec.
being
which
28, 1853.
can
entirely
be
sub-
INDIA
stituted
for
human
more
their
rulers
answer
to
shelter
Now,
the
thousand
the
is
done
much
as
roads, canals, railways, ports, docks,

the
by
labour
of
those
aids
without
while
number,
the
India,
performed
there
for
would
in
where
at
Indians
four
want
of
thus
THEY
sale
of
fifty times
except
goods
ryots
thousands
of
might
the
one
from
interest
But
thing.
has
kept
time
of
miles
to
so
paid
we
as
water
expended
be
the
want
need
produce
want
for
there
India
as
and
works,
of
others
in
Eng"
thousands
of
labourers
and
millions
for
of
communication
and
be
and
to
them.
constructed,
yield ten, twenty,

Everything
is, indeed,
immersed
commenced
lend
to
Europeans
of
; tens
employment
want
of
difficulty which
poverty
their
and
MERE
STATESMEN.
superintendents
as
manufacturers
for
carrying
of
life.
of
ARE
Thousands
; thousands
etc.,
available
labour
NOT
in
millions
RULERS
ARE
for, if
millions
necessaries
THE
for
steam,
water,
of
the
LIES?
cent.
millions
millions
ready
hundred
producing
iron
India
; tens
means
five
difficulty ?
per
of
another
employment
in
artificers
forty
abundance
only
for
country,
one
railways,
of that
surplus
and
also
REALLY
; thousands
acres
India
to
people
work
hundred
canals,
is the
want
people
of
COLLECTORS,
money
land
one
roads,
EVIL
THE
Now,
and
work
be
REVENUE
the
the
peculiar
not
of
enormous
an
effected
required
are
of
water,
be
could
as
life?
steam,
millions
life
course,
things beyond
WHERE
or
of
by
other
etc.
labour
had
we
is
of
with
millions
therefore, the
of
necessaries
is, of
etc.,
hundred
two
and, having,
This
things.
besides
the
there
one-eighth,
other
perhaps
aid
the
by
rich
of
twenty-five
only
poor
itself
necessaries
mere
it contains
keep
England
supplying
of
means
say,
to
people
is
Why
to
plain, indisputable
Indian
the
are
have
they
the
question
beyond
though
there
people,
Why
do
can
I should
rather,
while
is
187
they
as
or
This
it the
things
Because,
at
converse
has
much
as
least
luxury.
question
is, why
it is
WHY?
themselves
do,
can
in
to
as
That
they
the
COUNTRY"
labour,
feed, clothe, and

than
POOR
in
our
is
difficulty,
ignorance
rule
up
to
this
It is this, that
day.
India
to
what
we
that
make
the
teach
in
should,
of
in
this
his
for
India,
notable
and
; and
be
to
done
tried
in
steeped
its
in
or
the
of
part
what
districts
other
which
things
; and
district
or
be
he
cannot
yet
giving
except
reading
few
it, one
remove
Let
only
them
towards
and
the
to-morrow
can
as
the
be
million
at
got
improvements
whole
;
for
is
ing
increas-
fifty
double
of the
required
from
but
sole
that
of
This
that
in
other
will
the
might
which
begin
every
such
and
money,
has
quired
re-
ready.
to
year
and
that
is
been
millions
rails
his
difficulty.
all
long
trict
dis-
on
paper
is
resources
over.
his
settlement,"
^'
and
for,
enrich
to
of
twenty
of
; whilst
treble
or
the
has
another
transit
double
and
for
once
from
for
to
or
district, in
own
rulers
tons
difficulty is got
nothing
his
jf 30,000
of
expenditure
district, purchase
things
ready,
been
district,
yielding
real
the
to
capital, employed
sheets
our
loan
open
the
order
with,
is
make
anything
the
can
has
without
time
from
else
everything
what
to
knows
cheaply
of
more
is
word
it is
again
cheap
more
thousand
Here
produces
where
as
to
paying
think
more
everlasting subject
To
and
little
he
of
but
got far
could
it
turns
procured
were
wanting,
are
what
loss
that
be
if there
country,
of
food, clothing, etc, pays
could
they
transit
works,
sees
of
articles
the
revenue
public
; he
cent
certain
treble
of
for
hears
revenue
is
in vain, how
and
land
places
what
night
to
district
He
it
more
sees
kind
per
at
additional
pay
He
every
producing
once
before
times
resources.
hundred
one
completely
glories,
his
it to
sending
improve
tries
poverty,
almost
is
and
and
thousand
of
means
certainly
that
for
sale
be
of.the
year
things
it is, that
morning
instance,
find
it cannot
relieve
from
"2O0flcx"
yet he
settlement,"
for
sees,
or
the
saleable
'^
He
us
England
settlement
the
made
the
would
which
in
to
wonderful
England,
himself
subject
that
of
want
in
coming
have
natives
the
How
are.
were
occupy
;f 100,000
goods,
they
of
furthering everything
district
paying
learn
of
which
things
the
to
if he
who,
engaged
natives
what
instead
Englishmen,
down
sit
them
man
with
the
are,
COTTON
ARTHUR
SIR
i88
help
country,
be
done
been
so
190
THE
USING,
SIR
ARTHUR
NOT
THE
COTTON
MAKETH
Nothing,
the
not
therefore,
having
rich, but
the
taking
bit
and
the
it in
giving
the
same
best
its
of
tons
in
an
thousand
the
times
How
strange
for
gold
lor.,
to
in
the
hundred
population
are
we
they
doing
had
worth
of
is
I
to
twelve
Alexander,"
four
or
year.
the
just
the
in
of
people
what
when
it
stated, the
our
digging
should
we
work
to
obtained
for
half
is,
"
the
it
But,
up.
see
Ganges
canal
and
Suppose
the
Port
they
were,
and,
their
great
think
upon
sure,
trea-
shameful
thousand
Ballarat,
at
"2
enough
digging
"What
sixty
ol
for
than
neglecting
defence,
worth
discovered
be
in
the
as
poor
able
exchange-
to
defence
at
man
states-
wise
more
can
India
was
could
labour,
with
say
in
population
gold
Look
is
found
been
yet
wisest
pounds
employed
as
them
Out
way
labourer
which
obtained
works!"
continued
were
for
the
hundred
of
Kistna
and
the
;^ 800,000,
dullest
that
Philip,
worth
now
were
as
continues
gold,
of
of
Port
subject
got
has
immediately
were
taunting
somebody
in
In
this
much
worth
the
of
be
can
part
pounds
Godavari
Philippians
Mount
water
pounds
the
Whenever
have
though
statesman
it ; whereas,
twenty-five
the
of
form
it up
millions
in
Rajahmundry
whilst
value
the
that
so
is
not
etc
by
sea
as
country
value
the
thousandth
obtain
what
Indian
no
set
that
gold
and
was
made
off
sometimes
of
that
perceive
cannot
the
flows
that
the
if water
it is not
into
not
digging
even
as
it
treasure.
seems
understand
perfectly
flow
of, the
such
no
it
is
revenue
use
if it had
as
same
to
yards,
whole
made
it is
long
it
things,
poor,
water
cubic
the
consumable
as
Godavari,
million
But, till
value,
The
but
is
for
Philip rich,
continue
makes
It
it.
it is
that
which
of
years,
for
still allowed
the
by
Port
many
will
second.
per
hour
three
it for
than
country
advantage
exchange
of, but
use
the
made
present
evident
more
in
every
India
way
times
ten
for
better
be
can
that
gold underground
a
RICH.
treasure
VALUE
OF
MERELY,
HAVING
representation
mis-
people,
and
of
we
twelve
their
sense
at
NEGLECT
and
activity
thousand
Yet
the
to
twenty-four
in
Port
191
bear
the
same
as
the
Philip
works
hydraulic
that
of
population
WORKS
diggers
of
population
employed
whole
ANCIENT
OF
in India
portion
pro-
sixty
bear
the
to
country.
"
THE
NEGLECT
ANCIENT
KEEP
TO
WORKS
IN
GOOD
ORDER.
There
is not
district
in which
Tanjore,
It is not
the
the
n^lect
because
Let
things.
it is not
man
any
by leaving buildings
mad
and
with
works
India
is like
"
one
cry
this
want
what
food
the
and
ordinary
extra-
more
other
in
moment
he
for
money
would
the
but
poor,
the
be
wars
thought
is
systematically
of
the
people
supplied, everything
else
solve
namely
that
for
done
and
the
in
When
an
the
acre
is
question
it, as
there
difficulty is
^how
"
the
nothing
but
the
same
the
simple
pound
get twelve
to
which
or
every
process
can
solve
else
of
making
the
per
solved
it has
been
be,
may
acre.
the
along
out
revenue
and
it will
where
profit
essential
has
of
on
been
a
"
assuredly
it is
the
of
about
shillings
ten
year
shillings,
ten
but
all
only
was
India
thirty shillings
difiiculty
this
day,
trifling importance
of
district
of
There
shillings
profit
total
water
in
real
wise
shillings a
solved.
everything
The
has
where
pounds
of
Indian
It
four
at
solvent,
present
twelve
only
pay
questions
gone.
district
only
land
about
are
to
the
to
question.
substantially
thousand
course,
has
man
saleable
of
the
Tanjore,
down
settlement
revenue
question
tried.
Comwallis
Lord
the
all
puzzled
of
transit, will
universal
is the
and
follow
for
water
is but
is water,
almost
will
Water
has
which
that
the
"
else.
; there
is wanted
and
irrigation,
everything
from
men
Water."
battle
Indian
an
that
for
can
field after
All
Water
provide
on
the
Water,
course.
this
ruin, and
only
us
provide
to
to
which
upon
for
endured
go
is
neglect
sl
"
repair.
good
kept
except
depend.
revenue
for
this
yet
all in
have
propose
to
Presidency,
are
that
wars
unaccountable
most
Madras
works
old
ruinous
the
in
land
and
do
applied, by
land
one
COTTON'S
COL.
Colonel
the
by
these
as
this
in
particular
district
Godavari]
spent in
any
finding
district,which
will
be
would
of
in
will enable
little
be
of the
of the
there
where
landowners
is
to
;{r30,ooo to
into
just
dead
be
whole
the
now,
weight
During
literallyalmost
make
district.
from
upon
the
the
to
the
from
want
supply
of
remainder.
Treasury
year
would
; for such
district,such
not
a
an
be
at
of
seems
of
state
of
the
expenditure
to
activity
in the
at
would
give
state
the
present
more
district,a
employment,
ultimate
poorer
me
the
specie would
the
all the
disbursement,
outlay
great
enable
to
an
Indeed, I would
opinion that, independently
the
part of the population which
impoverished
the
be
thus
put life and
would
at
not
little purpose,
very
But
tion
por-
been
months
capital
no
year
That
rest
such
that
have
four
to
there
its disbursements,
than
improvements.
;{r40,oooa
provided for, and
stimulus
or
[taxes],
perhaps
; and
by
employed
are
their kists
little effect,would
three
the
tional
addi-
This
pay
otherwise
to
this
greater part
year.
so
made
would
as
population
the
the
Treasury,
employed
or
usefully occupied.
bulk
of the
state
to
done
difference
population
employed,
have
not
more
in respect of the
of
many
in
from
difficulties
such
course
cannot
diately
of it imme-
Treasury, but,
the
specie, probably
the
otherwise
pounds
laiê portion
to
suffering
now
back
paid
would
all
back
is
circulation
who
its way
wards
[after-
Rajahmundry
thousand
a
cumstanced
cir-
difference, and
vast
of
Ten
without
think
but, in countries
is
case
district
diminution
immense
there
are,
an
ing
deserv-
preciselysimilar
were
individual
private
if it
as
I consider
apt, generally,to
are
expenditure
made
especially
we
such
of
propriety
which
point
one
particular attention
one
be
is
the
of
question
this, there
as
Government
to
the
examining
of
is
made
Godavari,
the
on
"
outlay
of
first report
in his
Cotton,
PREDICTION.
ACCURATE
SINGULARLY
following prediction :
In
of
COTTON
ARTHUR
SIR
192
great
it
as
returns,
my
the
end
of
the
state
of
the
nearly
allied
to
CHANGE
loan
from
The
'^
landlord
his
improving
FROM
Commissioners,
"show
how
while
being complete,
still
necessity
have
above
and
while
per
there
is
will
so
low
so
great
be
has
contrast
been
without
of
increase
has
in the
firm
our
in which
country
remunerative
largely
the
were
people, though
HAVE
WE
not
PACE
KEPT
asked
work
a
:
Is
are
thus
not
kept
original cost
annually
**
It
in
less
equal
an
is
we
district
no
would
and
are
be
not
blessing
to
degree."
same
PREDECESSORS
INDIAN
IRRIGATION?
Madras
in
the
in
The
that
sufficient
at
than
the
old
of
his
of
works
one
own
Their
repairs
per
the
tion
irriga-
repair.
; their
;f 15,000,000
since
answers
of
state
is
question
worse
or
writer
one-half
the
1854,
whole, better
is clear
is estimated
;f70,000
OUR
the
of
but
expenditure
the
the
circumstances
there
Government
rule
our
the
that
WITH
irrigation,on
of
for
income
work
upon
conviction
similar
ally
liter-
excess
favourable,
in all to
published
commencement
question
instance,
the
IN
In
in
reckon
to
And
of
of the
peculiarly
to
sacrifice
materially
at
indifference,
energy.
progress
unsafe
in every
success
declare
to
be
It would
Rajahmundry
bold
been
life
remembered,
be
any
the
of
year
revenue
of
measure
it should
laid
people
to
and
and
activity
without
outlay,
in every
expenditure.
in
to
future
the
death
in poverty
time,
the
to
from
one
in
capital
that
while
is of
revenue
the
on
"
revenue
that
to
whatever
before
now
of
up
annum
as
in
from
effect
their
increase
larger,
obtained,
any
for
whatever,
returns
direct
far
and
progress
the
per
report,
(section 269)
of
doubt
they
was."
large part
described
be
prediction
expenditure
cent,
no
able
year's
whole
were
is the
this
enormously
may
point
in
Public
the
say
and
observe
are
each
taking
sixty-two
change
of
works
the
returns
all
the
with
and
out;
themselves
undeveloped,
amounted,
comparison
this
in
expended
years,"
elaborate
most
193
expenditure.
recent
accurate
Commissioners
"Even
the
of
in
singularly
simple
UFE
be
to
tenant,
to
accounts
Works
The
his
to
farm, than
revenue
TO
DEATH
cent
13
cost
on
ARTHUR
SIR
194
the
prime
the
of
shape
that
four
them
two
two-thirds
of
their
of
cent,
per
Government
by
cultivators
and
cent
per
Government
to
return
;î,35o,ooo annually
is
Government
under
and
estimated
assessment
between
returns
so
The
cost
COTTON
whole
;f 3,750,000,
are
but
and
from
derived
revenue
in
expended
are
; the
yearly return,
the
in
them
keeping
in
order.
This
*^
works
of
again
the
with
full
there
of
amount
but
if the
fact
in
of
they
being
channels
and
classed
are
supplied
not
are
gated
irri-
once
works
which
water
that
1,262,906
are
tanks
they
land
reckoned
capable
many
the
of
space
jf 47 5,480,
of
; and
repair
repair, though
proper
districts
cultivation,
proper
it is
lying waste,
now
is that
result
large
so
assessment
an
into
into
put
in
irrigation
cultivated,
brought
were
as
chief
the
; and
formerly
as
land, with
and
repair,
proper
cultivated
twelve
acres
in
being
now
the
insufficient,ând
evidently
not
is not
in
is
of
capable
are
containing."
Mr.
that
in
are
218
in
Dykes,
no
Tyrrell
writes
who
one
this
compares
Continent;
the
on
attentively,and
lying
tanks
are
are
generally
one-half
eight
present
with
met
distance
very
size, the
broken
his
and
disused
or
bund
being
Colonel
Sim,
evidence
before
Chief
the
One
about
large
be
grain
have
Engineer,
it
and
here
(Salem)
is
have
I
been
of
high.
sown,
ishing
flour-
but
are
at
passed
is
not
least
in
considerable
the
Towards
now
deserted;
is of
this
1853"
broken
; that
large
There
feet
of land
Committee,
once
that
eighteen
tracts
jungles
raised.
tanks
country
examine
to
country
of
any
vated,
ground, formerly culti-
of
dense
deal
or
comes
villages
must
Irrigation
Lords'
to
England
The
might
that
it is deplorable
"
he
with
good
of
tracts
are
overgrown
thirty miles.
ghauts, particularly,
are
'
there
fertile, and
tanks,
small
country,
with
country
constantly
quantity
ten
of
of the
perfectly deserted.
now
the
or
that
and
waste
follows
as
particularly when
finds
wells,
8,864
time
1,017
there
made.
state
old
and
that
(p. 391)
us
present
channels,
is
the
Regarding
the
at
whatever
use
Lieutenant
"
small
164
informs
Salem,
alone
district
dams,
which
his
the
opinion.
Q. 8736-7,
soil
See
SALEM
is
AND
particularlyfertile.
disposed
villages
think
to
who
do
place;
extensive
is declared
of
speaking
the
into
And
are
short, all the
in
such
such
are
in
afraid
to
have
And
water.
store
condition
described
regulating
works
deposit,
or
they get
no
the
a
ryots
vast
the
quantity
of
description which
irrigation works
of the
than
ancient
the
the
have
;
is
wasted.
applies
now
the
throughout
can
be
more
works.
been
For
of
to
the
or
very
and
from
supply
in
outlets
of
for
up
them,
large,
is, unfortunately,
large proportion
with
the
ot
by
and
irrigation,and
too
are
want
filled
front
of
in the
are
the
become
Such
full
the
supply
of
of them
outlets
country,
and
the
of all the
partialexception
of
Trichinopoly."
satisfactorily proved
by experience
liberal
instance,
confined
few
too
and
weak,
channels
have
stability
the
so
or
many
bank
up
bank
water
advantage
have
thrown
they
or
they
or
sluices, or
calingalahs,or
and
bring
are
effecting their
of
no
Rundall,
districts of Tanjore
favoured
Nothing
head
has
through
cut
longer
no
Lieutenant
their
river
water
and
exceptions,
is, they
want
low
their
or
by
at
tank
full
is
bank
the
or
of
have
high,
too
or
in
are
they
or
few
incapable
tanks
The
small
up,
the
general
following
par,' that
below
'
order,
too
danger
to
as
[country
result"
with
country,
called
of
out
choked
become
the
efficiency, and
are
is
tank
the
have
they
in
be
full
are
the
roads
high
necessary
to
the
:"
irrigation.
have
they
as
ryots
of
the
is
tion
direc-
mofussil
the
the
be
come
may
of
state
amount
as
will
works
that
state
their
proper
of
(sec. 240)
of
in
whatever
in
from
away
tracts
Tyrrell
collectorates
that
doubt
no
for
irrigation."
"Lieut
finest
enquiries
reports
In
below
is
Commissioners
the
conclusion
"
the
of
able
lament-
most
little engineering
for
water
good
some
requisite
district
frequented
districts],similar
is the
I am
but
picture applicable only
isolated
no
one
their
less
of
amount
be
there
push
men
still
perfect wilderness.
unfavourable
; and
Presidency
now
Salem,
are
flourishing village, every
to
peculiarly
cause,
there
as
195
is the
Tengericottah
immense
an
fever
so,
complain.
cultivation,
This
that
say
it is not
formerly
might supply
to
They
that
not
DISTRICTS
TINNEVELLY
to
in
part
expenditure
in
Tinnevelly,
where
increasing
the
repairing
tions
opera-
efficiency
of
SIR
196
existing works^
irrigation by
in fifteen
of ;f3,000,000
addition
RESULTS
Adding
following
;^45,667.
what
for
period
in
;;^7oo
all
large gain
the
to
ryot
yearly
of
cost
of
the
at
to
of
for
outlay
an
cent
on
annual
;îo,ooo,
being
keep
repairs
per
against an
cost
of
to
annual
the
los.
amount
five
added
remain-
required
of
DIRECTION
EVERY
IN
the
these
;;î9i3oo more
;^37
original
;;^35,ooo.
of
average
within
of
total
to
above
be
must
the
at
channels
be
rate
off
set
nearly ;^3o,ooo
GAINED
ADVANTAGE
THE
will
is
1850,
Thus
and
all the
subsequently,
return
that
outlay
an
of
yearly
been
and
of
period
repairs
gain
Government
return
the
river, the
the
end
the
taking their
interest
by
anicut
anicut
the
annual
net
has
on
;^2,45o,
total
a
amount
net
cent
we
the
same
annual
have
of
;î8o,o29.
is
the
that
being
the
to
the
And
per
obtained
expenses,
while
works.
order,
;î2,875, being
of
in
there
years
two
original outlay,
the
have
we
of collections
improvements,
jChTSOf
and
an
RIVER,
sides
of
cost
excess
been
assuming
as
good
return
people.^
years,
repairs, to
all
aggregate
valuable
and
an
besides
one,
THE
both
on
total
of
have
the
much
as
them
^The
;îo expended,
;^35"ooo,
OF
direct
the
fourteen
results
"
of fourteen
permanently
even
would
before
every
at
total
they
obtained
short
the
facts
The
of
243)
"
works, inclusive
connected
over
the
in
section
for
income
extend
to
together
are
W.R.,
six
SIDES
Arcot,
results
following
the
P.
made
produced
about
BOTH
South
been
(see
years
or
to
ON
in
Again,
''
There
;f 197480,
of
revenue
has
attempt
no
works.
of ;f 32,341
outlay
in
and
new
COTTON
ARTHUR
gain
clear
of
And
to
this
share
of
the
aggregate
an
;"^3SiOOo,"'
of
FROM
IRRIGATION
WORKS.
the
to
noblest
feature
obtained
be
to
comfort,
^
J.
is not
revenue,
fair rights of
the
and
Bruce
of
by
Norton,
33.
be
to
all
is
that
of
**
the
Letter
Pudlic
industry
Works
the
to
tion
addi-
The
value
Secretary
Report^
sec
of
247.
contrary,
the
is
Government
higher degree
far
the
the
on
gain
people.
to
magnificent
gained by exaction, by trenching
this vast
in
adding
this
success,
and
property
happiness
"
p.
triumphant
on
this
And
"S
to
of
the
the
the
Board
wealth,
crop
on
of
trol,"
Con-
ARTHUR
SIR
198
WHAT
"
native
The
princes, who
in
stand
must
need
irrigatedto
in
was
equal
from
parts
produce,
the
We
have
the
not
things
Presidency
in
which
''After
the
into
revenue
fixed
sum
kind
being
in
efficiency
the
"
These
works
"
the
no
of
their
of
the
Great
cess
longer
of
the
those
the
land
that
was
such
consequence
Tennent,
in
his
as
great
separate
position
works
the
State
the
formation
the
the
those
kings
who
on
the
country,
who
went
Ceylon,
As
their
and
tanks
factors
bene-
as
is
contrast
over
by
devoted
of
the
not
revenue.
veneration
striking
to
as
are
who
kings
of
work
money,
(sec. 454).
"
new
mourning
decreased,
Tinne-
was
revenue,
traditional
decline
in
Government
into
the
to
Rajavalu
and
irrigation
believe,
these
of
In
cluded
in-
was
revenue
the
"
in
cess
of
of
was
GOVERNMENT.
that
country.
the
in
kept
in
to
memory
tank
commuted
THE
energies
the
revenue
we
been
out
surprise
and
the
general
appears
of the
cawny,
the
it
land
the
up
this
part
Government
and
author
this
English
part,
works
was
always
now
their
Dynasty,'
fertilityof
Emerson
It
the
the
on
in
personal
race
kind.
universal
most
merged
OF
of
entitled
each
was
tank
the
matter
their
have
'
amount
place
no
in
the
by
the
arrangement,
has
facts
and
treasures
remark
the
RESPONSIBILITY
is
of
probably
was
operation
generally maintained
It
canals
this
THE
means
it
for
maintaining
to
irrigation.
of
any
the
its
of
and
included
proceeds
account
that
though
share
forming
items, making
or
fully recognised
velly, where,
and
In
of
only exception
The
in
generally throughout
the
and
acre
settlement,
was
others,
constitution
now
government
all
for each
duty
in
this
provinces
and
the
consolidate
money
correlative
the
of
single demand,
the
the
of
which
purpose,
receiived
whether
acre
Government
times
those
common,
commuted.
in
the
made
every
and
ryots,
they
nature
least.
at
to
a
and
in
all
assumption
determined
was
in
most
Camatic
the
share
determining
of
irrigation is
all over
the
by
channels
therefore
particular
it certainly prevailed
but
and
very
They
this
for
being
revenue
universal
was
repair.
cess
ryots'
means
their
from
contributed
the
tanks
the
necessity by subjecting
special
instances
some
that
constant
this
for
a
the
of
of
DID.*
PRINCES
constructed
well
quite
special provision
land
NATIVE
THE
irrigation,knew
of
COTTON
pithy
the
of
extinction
that,
*"
because
followed
before.'"
were
"
Sir
IRRIGATION
rq;ards
of them, the Government
large portion
of trustees
of
holders
irrigatedland,
the
of
and
still is
for
the
the
their
to
regarded
amount,
that
appears
Government
shall
they
it is not
shall
works
the
merely implied engagement
and
obligation
express
received.
and
it
neglect,
''
But
THE
possible
as
the
last, and
steadily
by
has
been
p.
the
and
past
RENCE
RECUR-
for
41."
most
but
Norton,
fifty
Letter
works
such
famine
two
to
the
utterly
are
in
one
sweeps
and
hundred
out
thousand,
a
Secretary
year
which
people
hundred
causes
and
occurs
thousand
sue-
from
**
all
Guntoor
of
district
the
In
away
revenue
increased
Unirrigated.
n^lected,
extra-
the
Cotton.
Guntoor:
been
unvarying
which
J. Bruce
1854,
had
pursued
with
cess,
sequence;
con-
District.
Arthur
Sir
by
moderate,
prepress
ordinary
the
AWFUL
Unirrigated
an
versus
Irrigated.
of
system
years,
in
is behind,
consideration
THE
district, Tanjore,
one
actual,
least
PREVENTING
Comparison
Tanjore:
formed,
per-
efficiencyas
of full
state
been
not
FAMINE."*
Irrigated
In
the
not
OF
OF
into
equivalent
retrieve
to
positive
damage
great
is
there
an
has
duty
the
(sec. 465).
"
CERTAINTY
An
this
therefore,
works
the
for
the
It thus
that
it is
return
pended
unex-
whether
even
that
suffered
has
nor
but
so,
that
remains,
up
repair,
fulfilled in
be
admitted
now
bring
and
do
to
private property
and
rapidly
be
It must
to
in
sideration
con-
title to
policy
of
the
repair.
in good
question
in
for
their
of
works
the
keep
simply
keep
condition
the
be
may
responsible
not
are
so
then
even
is that
money
fees, and
these
of
given
was
works
the
maintain
to
value
the
at
Government
that
granting
even
contracted
having
as
year's produce
of the
additional
the
the
by
actually,
first
at
was
proportion
by which
Or,
property.
latter
in part
or
independently of,
and
above,
position
in the
are
works, originallyconstructed
those
Government,
199
wholly
land, which
certain
a
theoretically,
of
and
over
of the
rent
maintenance
of
cost
contributed
special fund,
Government
NON-IRRIGATION
VERSUS
loss
of
revenue
of
Board
of
of
fifty
five
and
in
Control,
SIR
200
;f 3 20,000
;"'soo,ooo
to
year,
while
value
of
the
land
in
equal
money)
of
land
that
in
this
had
been
without
any
outlay
producing
current
The
is
of
of
of
and
revenue
per
same.
The
of
^3"500,ooo,
;f 180,000
year.
The
the
channels
for
of
pended
ex-
in
water,
the
sluices, aqueducts,
works
the
for
and
connected
and
of
bridges,
and
in
is
utterly
this
things,
occur,
of
which,
of its being
by
water,
which
district
for
many
village
failure
water
single
from
can
the
grew,
of
all
what
Besides
suppose
to
stream
almost
except
state
tent
ex-
any
a
that
valueless.
rain
prevent
to
in
it
other
and
building
consumed
weirs,
irrigation
; in
be
ting
cut-
bution
distri-
drainage, constructing
produce,
water
ment
embank-
not
so
its
where
of
an
up
crop
bridged,
not
in
made
drowning
water
of
an
rivers,
the
ruin, and
to
reservoir
supply
road
thrown
or
employed
embanking
masonry
is
money
was
hundreds
in
;{r200,ooo
or
of
the
partial
it
securing
mile
of
and
left to go
the
on
out
old
crease constructed,
in-
income
private
of
drainage
it ; not
indicating
of
addition
of food
num
an-
(besides
is sent
; the
of
not
;"'3,ooo,ooo
about
with
district
means
farthing
every
expended
is
the
from
collected
is
the
land
the
almost
which
and
settlement
collection)
expended
to
district
zemindary
what
works.
different
given
suppose
the
private property
value
also
village
for
so
the
is
capital,
about
these
works.
under
of
made
between
attention
us
that
The
has
which,
of
an
is saleable.
land
Let
average
;^200,ooo,
increase
public
besides
sum
about
and
culty,
diffi-
not
districts, is the
two
)rcars
while
difference
sudden
existing
total
the
an
expenses
repair
cause
degree
of
year,
sole
value
temporary
by
of
twelve
or
;^8oo,ooo,
acre
plished
accom-
expenditure
;^4,ooo
of
ten
next
ference this
dif-
the
to
England
but
is
value
extensive
annual
it
the
the
the
of
had
till
for
(allowing
now
saleable
the
advanced,
equally
COTTON
ARTHUR
dinary
or-
let
local
in
sequence
con-
gated
unmiti-
tank
single
eighty miles,
an
of
the
borders
channel
us
or
leading
unfailing
IRRIGATION
making
of
miles
thousand
one
for
road
common
NON-IRRIGATION
VERSUS
the
tating
facili-
horrors
off
districts
have
remained
quite
stationary,
in
almost
far
so
though
in
had
similar
granted
expenditure
has
been
in
of
Had
canals
been
other
would
another
fully
not
twelve
this
is
of
the
years.
correct
"
"
progress
Guntoor.
the
ably
probthe
to
;^ 200,000
year.
The
district
taken
(though
of
with
not
better
and
;f200,ooo
;f 500,000
becomes
The
year.
hundred
thousand
hundred
thousand,
land
reaches
"tf at
to
saleable
in
But, said
of
John
one
Bruce
Robert
eight
and
;f4,000,000,
least
Control,
seven
to
;^24,ooo,ooo
Mr.
lation
popu-
from
increases
nue
reve-
till from
it
a
munications),
com-
the
rises
steadily
and
roads
common
with
is
Tanjore
of, irrigated,
care
provided
of
is
of
to
benefited
of
extent
of
by ;î40,ooo
that
system
it
for
statement
still
once
common
added
works,
have
Now
the
reducing
which
recovered
lation,
popu-
immense
by
a
year,
the
of
Tanjore
its
is carried
roads.
And
inadequate
so
whole
traffic
have,
advantages
the
the
degree,
them.
to
at
revenue
excepting
minor
half
fully
utmost
famine, sweeping
and
or
they
as
of
it
around
the
river, it produces
transit
All
201
the
value
equal
England.
the
Norton,
Lowe.
leading
in
Mr.
citizens
letter
Norton's
to
the
memory
of
Madras,^
Secretary
of
writing
the
is still held
Board
in high
in
let
1854,
the
which
liberal
really
of
cost
?
the
is
pictures
important
above
drawn,
irrigation.
What
mainly
to
Now
"
let
that,
it
follows
of
means
system
had
been
instead
of
^^4,000
in
had
the
been
twenty
improved,
instead
years
expenditure,
without
water
sugar
only.
And
been
worth
other
mile, they
from
canals, by which
one-sixteenth
one
of
thousand
because
esteem
remembered
newspaper,
of
in
existence
penny
mile
daily jownal
years
of
road
as
which
ago.
of sugar
during
one
been
of
excited
At
in
while
the
much
in
have
a
year,
Let
us
the
last
system
there
of
are
if
He
Madras.
at
on
district;
interest
per
of steam
carried
proprietors
un-
ton
per
present
the
rice
imperfect
very
of
might
merely
have
public-spiritedness
England
thirty
could
per
miles
his
have
things.
first commenced
transit
the
might
fourpence-halfpenny
at
the
now,
other
fifty,constructing
worked
had
of
it
as
instead
tons
various
instead
it,
district
this, the
the
supply
to
it
products,
thousand
besides
the
roads,
before
that
in
respect
having
so
district
continuing
as
so
of
valuable
hundred
one
of
years
metalled
brief
months,
further, that,
thirty
be
four
;^2,ooo,ooo,
suppose
just
instead
thus, long
exporting
stored
season,
for
and
been
been
the
that
in
that, by
fifty, and
had
dry
order
that
had
only
that
so
vigorous
instance,
^10,000
even
tolerable
of
water
the
grown
into
and
jore
Tanwhich
in
way
for
irrigation improvement,
brought
through
trifling
Suppose,
of
case
really intelligent
year
of
applies
pen
the
in
"
pursued.
must
works
of
Cotton's
says,
petty
in
:"
he
the
of
been
spent
communication
instead
has
Col.
tion
posi-
prosperity
improvement
from
suppose,"
us
the
to
her
this, because
her
of
reduce
to
been
have
ascertain
to
much
attributed
be
then
of
sidered,
well-con-
upon
still further
view
would
What
highly
undoubtedly
made
other
public works,
her
upon
been
with
plan,
transit
It
had
outlay
systematic
the
expenditure
scanty
are
that, instead
suppose
us
as
the
over
possesses
India, let
Southern
of
comparatively
Tanjore
Great
farther.
carried
be
matter
advantages
districts
a
this
COTTON
ARTHUR
SIR
202
The
during
the
may
Hour
its too
fflS
traffic
average
daily
cost
SENSE
is
canals, providing
the
on
the
an
equal
additional
able
of
products
the
transit
be
helps,
;;î,000,000,
the
people
all this
also
for
paid
the
general
additional
of
late
Rajahmundy
"2QOfiO0
while
additional
have
be
and
thus
year
in
assigned
this
mere
deficit
made
surplus
a
revenue
deficit
of
this
say
would
Sir
those
is
Sir
way,
was
knew
satirical, too,
summer
been
Arthur
who
the
on
allowed
without
the
to
the
best
occasion.
we
It
under
of
his
rather
years,
if
of
to
Mr.
every
land
own
of
found.
evening lightning, illuminating
have
to
is,even
sense
true
the
revenue
according
his
one
venture
that
interference
is
of
of
thirty
may
manage
often
;"'200,ooo
million, instead
that
done,
would
last
India,
without
not
him
for
Campbell,
been
deficit
improved
case
in
worst
George]
and
the
been
have
of
ever
what-
seven-tenths
I think
And,
where,
reason
so
as
;"'300,ooo
years,
annual
of half
all India,
have
had
own
having,
our
million.
one
[afterwards
landowner
of
of
out
district
paying
or
districts
two
upon
which
system,
his
and
difference
paid ;f700,000
have
have
yielding, just
not
late
the
towards
revenue
And
year
No
of
of
itself
to
year
should
now
being- paid
would
eight
district, instead
one
million, might
this
why
in
present.
rupee
received.
been
value-
income
net
it is at
been
in
With
might
the
goods
to
advantages
^Godavari]
spent
have
and
have
[now
been
revenue
can
whole
it would
year
more
revenue
from
lieved
re-
rates.
in
district
improvements
revenue
in the
The
treasury.
all these
the
without
done
high
and
than
more
been
have
might
of the
out
million
one
have
given
income
year,
steam
;^250,ooo
present
;^500,ooo,
of
instead
The
the
day,
besides, probably,
;î,ooo,ooo,
;^500,ooo
worth
year.
value
additional
an
of
moved,
the
goods
this, would
additional
all at
least
at
of
now
in the
at
expenditure
an
moved
not
of
bulk
great
passengers
gained
203
;^3 20,000
or
the
from
and
sum
are
these
for
HUMOUR
fifty tons
to
^300,
district
goods
which
equal
be
must
OF
his
in
bours."
neigh-
humour,
as
could
be
He
satire
than
was
like
danger-
ARTHUR
SIR
204
there
but
ous,
it
was.
in
his
writings
of
the
great red-tapeism
of
largely)prevailed
or
for which
of
panes
records,
with
forward
deliberate
that
Government
given
have
their
that the
the
qualityof
to
vital matter
sends
members
to
consider
at
the
gate
of
the
to
Commander-in-Chief,
sticks.
The
Secretaries
the
question, by
to
;;^40|Ooo
an
OT
the
be
too
presumptuous.
may
be
the
assure
decision, but
broken
inferior
the
was
clude
con-
with this intricate and
the
year,
at
and
much
the
their individual
length
two
the
flag
is drawn
It is followed
them
about
gation
investi-
of
It
important
an
salaries
the
silver
j"y depends.
such
cost
by
their
with
this solemn
of
at
The
fort, and
fate of
the
when
arrives
troopers with drawn
the
and
three
given them
been
in Council
decision
calculated
After
has
record
enters
among
and
Governor
Councillors
two
Government,
Secretary to
the
which
that
;"'so,oooa
to
Offices.
assembly drawing
meetings in council
they
investigatioiLThey
summoned,
is proceeded with, upon
is, however, discovered
which
discussed
behind,
are
Govemor-in-Council,
the
sufficient time
Government
and
this
investigate
their
is hoisted, his Excellency's carriage,with
up
once
all
bemg
by
and
three
few
is at
referringto
weighty subject, and to

writing,the important day
swords, in front,and
breaks
after
connected
circulation
is to be reviewed
whole
which
tors.
Direc-
of
Military Board, who,
this
in
^30,000
that,therefore, the Engineer ought
examined
After
as
sanctioned,
Court
Presidency
and
the
energiesto
of Council.
sentiments
the
in
them
the
hastilycome
All the papers

now
the
to
not
of
cost
estimate
of
report, in
putty used, and
are
at
of officers to
documents
of the windows
cause
now
of that division of the army
papers,
have
best
almost
whole
to
elaborate
they
for them.
pay
who
and
(and
the
on
heads
all the
all the
treatment
occurs,
The
report is referred
patientlyexamining
humorous
Engineer
an
committee
found
CASE.
storm
The
assemble
to
Their
matter.
by
j"y.
at
of excitement.
directed
are
PUTTY
large saving
time afterwards
glass valued
state
then
receives the thanks

officially
he
Some
in
GREAT
his
be
to
administration.
is built
;;^4o,ooo; there is
instances,
two
which
in Indian
of barracks
range
give
period, of
this
THE
COTTON
amounting
whose
weekly
would
;;"'i,ooo,
discussion, therefore, and
2o6
SIR
Military
his
Board
;i"y.
in-Council
be
to
should
be
brads
the
the
taken
Chief
Madras
and
served
their
is
literal
the
been
recently
the
of
to
history
in
the
the
use
as
one
Well,
of
the
in
is
or
discovered
that
when
But
what
done
in
asked
wanted
other
any
''
? which
most
the
country
next
roads
will
ought
cart
the
of
Conmiittee
had
them
ever
has
which
horse
for
took
of
of
great
first roads
proposed
was
to
irrigation it
was
without,
brother
opportunity
for
this he
ask
etc.
cousin
at
him
pleasure
if he
is put
into
could
the
one
ball
not
ference
re-
were
most
greatest
the
this
day.
The
The
the
at
native
given by
do
of
rest
lady
some
of
sults
re-
ing
possess-
and
Pioneers.
follows:
in
they
Tanjore
the
by
least
the
the
"
it is to
as
as
or
used.
were
are
got roads,
made
were
where
it
and
questions
The
produce
officers
those
without
made,
first,etc.,
works
favourite
be
moved.
made,
carts
mile
have
was
roads,
where
not
was
could
cart
done
expended
made
There
roads
fine
country.
to
are
Government
Upon
be
The
of
make
cart
was
the
to
relation.
occurred
have
may
it
sheet
to
or
were
Tanjore
capital so
these
an
this
first attempt
there
probably
were
that
When
is
Presidency
Madras
found."
be
to
Quarter-Master-General,
her
the
question,
of
impassable
generally remained
having
regiments,
and
Governor
proceedings.
proposition,
part
to be
active
arrangements
Madras
Control,
Military Board,
things
Tanjore.
if roads
But
? where
the
in
struggling,however,
was
odd
future
which
over
was
never
likely
"
fine
delta
to
some
not
of
the
of
the
sketch
lines in that
horse
some
that
Board
none
Indian
an
all the
our
those
were
this
whole
After
was
in
India.
us
objected
is not
there
to
two
or
immediately
"
It
PECULIARITIBS.
of
of
probably
open
in
curious
most
warning
glass, which
the
the
order
investigated.
last
as
Governor-
possibly
division,
communications
of
management
made
the
at
of
keep
may
agitated.
history
of
one
he
glazier.
ROAD-MAKING
The
will
Secretary,
himself,
apprenticeship
of
Secretaries, the
General
Engineer
the
or
an
This
the
the
their
and
report
thoroughly
President
the
by
that
discovered
was
fixing
Directors
Engineer,
Officers,
in
either
twenty-four
of
it
told
they
and
novo,
that
omitted
been
discovered
Council
de
up
the
when
Court,
is
officer
affair,till
the
mentioned
had
be
to
ends
so
reaches
matter
finally,the
; and
And
COTTON
ARTHUR
the
something
Pioneers,
and
in
ROAD-MAKING
few
he
years
time
gets the
line
impassable
an
want
the
of
roads, and
Pioneers
of
course,
falls
He
has
he
old
enough
travelled
nor
be
selected,
is
he
him
for his
lost
upon
is
employed
check
usual
carried
on,
least
anecdote.
Struck
by
road
with
mixed
he
that
might
circulate
complete
thick
the
black
also
it, he
of
layer
were
road,
cotton
to
and
it
of
be
the
work
he
degree
of
sent
through
large
laid
overj
soil to
the
were
the
road
in
Chief
to
a
with
ployed
em-
best
mud
the
struction
con-
without
the
ledge
know-
be
employed
might
use
Engineer,
or
to
laid
sufficient
that
be
he
_this,first
was
foot
be
the
paper^
officers
plan
surface
then
to
all
foot
whole
the
following
the
alluvial
The
a
Of
Pioneers
possible
the
about
over] the
raise
to
probably
the
by
were
Quarter-Master-GeneraL
utmost
corps.
stones
and
not
with
they
on
of it to
that
these
the
No
do
to
Officers.
displayed
copy
the
works,
the
(black
it to
copy
these
highly pleased
past
matter
memo
literal
times
formed
be
soil
talent
sent
and
;
department
made
not
whom
Executive
up
it),and
remarkable
the
Quarter-Master-General
in
drew
sent
in
commanding
cotton
on
attained,
had
he
the
has
whatever
of the
may
officers
described,
gravel
or
idea
distinct
the
of
above
for
of
this ; it is
under
the
it,as
about
very
One
as
sand
as
things
of
state
ploy
em-
who
low
over
anything
had
officer
perfectly ignorant
indifferent
as
man
are
to
cost
for,
in
exercised
was
Quarter-Master-General
was
the
turn
structed,
con-
men
permission
proceedings,
of
kind
remotest
The
be
thousand
perhaps
possesses
course
single professional
them.
by
lines should
recommended
besides
slightestexaggeration
the
the
the
of
who
should
obtains
he
subject,
roads
natural
even
or
whole
the
that
before
roads
which
finds
spent
are
the
lady
work,
command
to
the
from
the
about
who
thus,
sible
sen-
zeal.
not
of
statement
of,
of
the
and
of road,
of rupees
and
upon,
is
There
soon
on
battalion
"ngland
on
the
as
coolies, and
lakhs
few
general ability or
at
miles
slightest knowledge
the
He
thousand
a
which
on
utterly ignorant
as
idea
an
of
very
left
; he
principles on
the
weeks
send
to
thought
not
for
management
made
a
course
neighbourhood
that
carefully selected
so
the
becomes
Government
road
those
as
hundred
few
Pioneers,
Of
in
whole
has
appointment
a
well
as
the
He
refer to.
In
palanquin,
people
entertain
to
battalioa
his
The
seen
there.
to
the
officer
never
over
book
of
the
them.
was
in
one.
to
207
functionary being detained
persuades
make
to
of
of country
sufferings
of
of
command
public
great
some
PECULIARITIES
and
occupied
three
height
feet
and
half
by
of
pre-
208
SIR
its
vent
being
would
stones
the
time,
loosened
worse
and
with
miles,
Pioneers,
been
hundred
one
with;
meddled
good
it
miles,
eleven
officer
he
;
made.
was
to
not
accordingly
twenty
was
road,
and
and
This
(for
is.
it
was
there
The
road
case,
and,
restricted
as
Madras
in this
order
and
it
saw
that
efifectuaL
was
no
^700
as
would
have
made
as
the
in
Pioneer
the
;"4"ooo
or
the
on
one-twelfth
authorities
the
necessary
more
was
Poonamallee^
instance,
with
here,
spent
was
to
to
expenditure
about
now
simple
cost
from
only
difficulty
transit
of
season,
nearly
much
single
constantly
;;"'44,ooo
was,
not
was
yet
never
Then
would
as
no
distance
as
much
the
as
dry
all
therefore,
or
as
had
whole
twice
and,
the
at
the
was,
the
communicate
to
of
began,
reduced
similar
so
miles
quite
if
of
pay
it
road
even
When
the
in
better,
spent
money
work
Directors
of
Court
remedy:
and
still
was
able
was
person,
The
and
was
little
and
manner.
to
it, the
and
season,
very
this
miles
hundred
two
stop
of
most
wet
have
would
put
pounds.
hundred
it, besides
upon
on
was
railroad
horse
which
what
the
excellent
an
line),
case
the
before
mile
make
of
the
in
was
ducted
con-
supervision,
of
of
executed
Directors
put
was
in
distance
spent
of
kind
any
practicable
about
Court
coast,
ten
who
or
three
be
Such
those
check
same
soil, but
would
thousands
of
the
at
country.
among
the
the
natural
up,
the
without
on
those
been
communication
the
of
one
had
of
tens
many
and,
thrown
and
situation
the
of
road-making
Hyderabad,
to
was
the
of
metal
of
miles,
formed
entrusted,
such
in
as
surfoce
almost
anangement
several
dug
Masulipatam
from
^80,000
about
of
were
Madras,
of
twenty
who
road
north
being
originsd
expenditure
the
The
by
the
spent,
being
road
knowledge
of
state
be
admirable
brought
the
of
than
this
might
be
to
surface
COTTON
By
money
have
thoroughly
times
the
flooded.
of
amount
any
ARTHUR
roads
to
in
other
mile.
apply
should
be
CHAPTER
The
in
Struggle
^with
Room,
God
has
ordain
said,
this
that
is
From
"Akbar,
1568.
THE
nearly
by
leisure.
Sir
leisure
He
always
was
project
other.
or
he
but
was
equal
such
And,
marked
as
in
that,
proved
these
later
For,
if
the
that
the
denial
will
rich
record
acres
Viceregal
widespread
find
yet
of
employed,
will
which
Council
the
left
Lord
Curzon
in
April,
of
1900,
and
was
jects
prohim
and
safe
four
that
thusiastically
en-
vation
culti-
millions
in
declared,
all
India
behind
under
inadequate
Kedleston
sponsible
re-
to
understood
bring
surely
miserably
period.
Arthur's
has
rightly
from
accrue
done
been
Sir
He
which,
has
be
yet
may
former
irrigation,
completion.
material
merely
not
of
of
injustice
grave
will
hibit
ex-
completion
to
it
not
sympathising
times
often-
could
the
for
apparent
convince
pages
that
he
good
career.
beneficial
appear
years,
more
and
busy
carried
forty
even
is
than
these
"
active
result,
years
public
in
his
tirement
re-
well-earned
some
may
enterprises
in
success
of
air,'' that
the
beating
**
it
though
were
retirement
furthering
in
occupied
India
of
ideas
sistence
sub-
comfort/'
so-called
of
of
notions
of
in
period
men's
some
toil
which
in
place
enjoyment
Cotton's
with
accord
into
arduous
the
consequently
Punjab],
the
equal
and
Arthur
in
of
almost
an
made.
are
converted
be
years
England,
to
things
district
thirst,
forty
matched
ail
[Hissar
with
obtained
Debate
Interludes
water
jungle
mittee
Com-
Commons
Anticipatory
an
"
and
"
of
House
remained
14
the
of
ARTHUR
SIR
2IO
productive
of
millions
navigation
to
acres
and
of
friend,
saw
holding
conference
lectures
and
First
with
which
river-water,
To
Next.
the
immense
for
internal
of
amount
transit
difficulties
The
particularly,seem,
At
least
had
he
had
he
to
no
of
his
to
Committee
East
on
never
made
going
to
this
appointment,
to
to
in any
give myself
particular
adversaries
not
per
less
than
boast!
or
duty
my
It
been
is
forty
modest,
to
point
I have
works
or
up
that
has
warp
of
whether
cent,
in
eighty-seven
Had
the
trust
are
per
so
cent"
percentage
whether
A
been
nor
an
ever
nothing
but
India
might
in
this
the
prosper
dispute
seventeen,
not
am
allowed
have
to
have
for
be
raise
to
the
another,
"I
asked
might
God
in, that
returns
and,
judgment,
helping
pleased
engaged
to
was
Select
property,
I
my
He
1878
else, except
speculation,
lance
par-
in
never
possessed
never
thoughts
my
occupy
sources
Commons
and
I
mode
common
sharpen.
Works,
age.
anything
In
of
House
old
moved
incomprehensible.
to
matter,
carry
be
official
from
own
to
to
alone.
satisfy.
Public
my
India.
share
the
personal
for
or
irrigate
took
India
in
begin
to
state
and
cheapest
water
outsider, almost
axe-edge
water.
not
the
encounter,
to
able, proudly,
could
by
greatly
steamboats
by
provided
aim
they
well-water
and
by
save
selfish
no
papers.
news-
navigable,
which
produce
an
the
to
all other
fit for
miles
to
India,
fertilizing matter
canals
had
he
in
office, delivering
rain
irrigation
be
his
with
irrigation wherever
it
exportation
could
; this
for
with
of
in
"
compared
of
or
the
in
with
as
render
use
and
engaged
letters
supersede
carried
thousands
establish
water
Arthur
Sir
in
and
were
to
its value
augmenting
of
navigation
high
canals
and
practicable,
and
pamphlets
establish
of
incessantly
was
men
ideas
great
To
he
irrigation
writing
His
were
of
deal
great
that
subject
great
alive
people
many
country.
declares
retirement,
the
who
the
many
miles
of
thousands
saving
the
but
hand,
in
taken
many
in
aid
to
development
A
be
works
COTTON
among
my
twenty-eight,
the
is
return
magnificent,
all
the
yet
other
COMMITTEE
PARLIAMENTARY
had
way,
there
been
followed,
advantages
As
unexpected.
for
it
then
recently
range
of
canal
India.
Men
Stephen,
of
of
As
had
his
nine
year,
less
after
do
This
than
system
of
The
with
dealt
much
the
to
space
irrigation
in
attention
asked
the
irrigation
but
India
witness
do
as
all
been
you
it is to
than
Report,
1872.
others
this
"
BUT
the
is
deltas
the
replied
it
To
some
it
Rt.
of very
equally
of great
equally
would
were
few
navigation
; yet
the
brief
in
for,
calls
A.
S.
atten-
Ayrton,
benefit
great
to
"
this
in certain
other
tions
por-
?"
district
districts
And,
found
applicable
rivers
that
in
1872.
be
to
Hon.
are
all of which
incident
every
is
in
Consequently,
productive
think
equal benefit^because
irrigate
that
Chairman,
has
given
was
than
more
of him,
will
and
1878,
the
natural
While
1878.
points,
on
while
consideration
and
asked
were
in
finance,
with
important
asked
were
of
and
1872
it is but
more
of
enquiry
hundred
with
is
be
should
so
three
which
Now,"
districts;
the
872.
expenses,
works,
public
irrigation forgotten.^
of
of
Committees
generally
military
questions
later, most
reference,
"
why
hundred
not
is
chapter
exhaustively
was
solely with
enquiries about
pages
with
IN
affairs, in
dealt
appearance
this
than
the
did
designer
Select
Indian
on
in connection
second
in
given
before
appeared
first Committee
to
first.
the
than
the
knew
they
COMMITTEE
Commons
the
particularly
that
PARLIAMENTARY
Arthur
Sir
House
latter
and
anient
the
teaching
that
Engineer
Central
Fitzjames
James
of
dam.
BEFORE
878.
Sir
for
of
part
water-engineering
and
Coleroon
the
lower
invented
impossible
capable
old
ing,
meet-
hill,while
up
it
law, like
the
successful,
Dowlaisweram
Twice
the
Secretary
Council
make
to
themselves
hydrostatics
creator
the
in
considered
of
order
been
public
run
of
across
learned
laurel-crowned,
more
in
carried
be
to
Member
resigned
at
men
made
be
not
mountains
to
Manchester
to
have
not
while
lord,
211
material
no
might
noble
one
1872
had
gain,
criticism
was,
could
water
of
instead
severe
India, remarked
that
loss
OF
India
in
be
more
applicable.""
; hit
not
expensive
Q.
to
8371,
tion
of
will
Sir
conceatrated
be
Arthur
early questions
on
the
"a
very
banks
The
''
he
of
section
the
the
feature
need
for
the
Indian
large
have
of
sum,
the
sent
it
elicited
to
successive
of
Halifax,
be
not
which
given
The
"
one
it
thought
too
was
be
to
also
vided
pro-
pressingly
in
his book,
Viceregal
tive
Legisla-
out
and
for
require
very
completion
the
year,"
whole
the
Indian
some
as
water
for
witness
was
is
the
was
judgment
of
some
for
State
without
the
said
of
the
why
it could
not
over
and
again,
over
be
had
tinual
con-
State, and
could
money
for
found
works
could
Arthur
Sir
me
gave
''I
Secretaries
of
sum
never
witness.
always
was
They
"
success.
additional
this
were
they thought
why
reason
former
funds
requests
Chairman.
with
''
whole
its
Perfectly
defect
of
out.
the
and
of
district
the
the
not
advance
the
But
Chairman
meet
our
cent,
per
of
would
store
you
to
and
found."
make
to
Secretaries
repaid capital
never
It
"
repeated
correspondence
Lord
forty
by
1900,
all," responded
at
the
emigration
points
of
matured
persisted
reason
of
navigation
Godavari
the
undesirable
money,"
result
storage
April,
that
have
must
was
any
in
Cotton's
was
They
striking
steady
Walch
indicated.
navigation
It
Mr.
;^20o,ooo,
say
Sir Arthur
if
Members
urged
newspapers
of
upon
such
irrigation,as
Council
part
insisted
through
the
of
most
as
mentioned
that
depopulation
plentiful storage
for
population
witness
constituting
gradual
strongly
year
required
and
of
one
rule."
our
One
the
and
the
been
population,
the
concerning
palpable
aspect
elaborating
concerning
said, ''has
the
whole,
under
fact**
navigation
In
Godavari,
most
government,"
him
to
the
noteworthy
country
the
on
evidence.
put
of
COTTON
wholly
Cotton's
the
"
ARTHUR
SIR
212
your
transit
people
and
In
whatever."
of
tion
navigaits
merce,
com-
"
entirely," was
sweeping
India,
of
wants
canal
would
opinion
the
Thinking
he
qualified
Q* S3441 Report,
reply
this
assertion
it with
1872.
"
the
without
any
be
might
remark
ended
and
enquired long
have
nothing.
in
If, asked
it will
the
with
"Yes,"
the
the
was
is
regretful
objection
no
with
compete
A
HOUSE
India
in
Much
and
"
the
India
Southem
exertions
into
the
the
In
liament,
part
in
shows
The
because
references
to
it
was
One
which
that
has
ravaged
and
successful
inquiry
an
the
have
been
at
home
should
be
people
my
relieve
to
duty they
diminish
in
his
both
danger
Houses
Sir
to
^that
"
which
and
made
such
of
to
to
the
there
was
Sir
Arthur
James
reply
follows
"
refusal
Stephen
lawyer's
no
Cotton's
the
by
Par*
of
first
reputation
reply
appeared
assumed
and
his
to
publish
said
Her
session,
Governments
of
that
to
the
of
Strenuous
aid
irrigation
done
reply
no
WharncliflTe
"
to
harm
Times
famine
in
followed
made.
were
the
irrigation
of
which
debate
it
proper
table.
inevi-
kind
some
"
and
liberal
United
the
future."
the
for
opening
Local
directed
most
in
the
my
the
throughout
of
end.
an
by
the
I have
measures
calamities
of
by
Colonies.
my
at
Parliament.
in
action
Southern
over
newspaper
terrible
population,
seconded
powerfully
river
open
MAN.
unnoticed
on
the
made
the
swept
passage
nearly
been
have
sufferings of
the
Speech
that
is
which
every
following
thankful
am
ABSENT
platforms
Parliamentary
Queen's
contained
to
AN
pass
many
almost
in
The
not
on
made
Kingdom
that
as
could
discussion
country
with
DEBATE.
UPON
famine
1876-77,
objection
that
seems
compete
to
COMMONS
ATTACK
railway
great
OF
dreadful
So
it
"but
railway."
SEVERE
is
pete
com-
way
answer;
a
Railway
Valley
same
make
to
there
river, though
to
the
in
Indus
the
open
Peninsula
Indian
Great
Indus
projected
the
river
the
with
if you
that
argued
it be
compete
will not
Railway,
there
Chairman,
the
Godavari
in
which
Committees
mentary
COTTON
ARTHUR
SIR
214
dicta
The
:
on
Earl
:"
Majesty
also
refers
in her
gracious speech
to
the
SPEECHES
famine
terrible
that
the
Commission
in the
investigation
is
in
of
James
Stephen,
the
unsound
that
hands
in
be
important
of the
the
In
the
remarks
generous
but
famine,
loss
greater
the
the
of those
assistance
by
by
which
of
life
the
adoption
and
it is to
than
had
half
been
an
in
TAe
nected
con-
century,
carried
it.
on
and
done,
be
was
been
has
out
he
But
it
that
India
was
had
would,
in his
for the
but
of
so
Sir
far
as
Arthur
the
"
had
been
our
opinion,
only by
not
Colonies,
the
have
facilities which
at
his
low
time
Cotton's
existed
between
strengthened
made,
in
long
sufiferingfrom
were
in
been
race
Egerton's
WhamclifTe's
Lord
have
must
English
who
Wilbraham
feeling which
good
Bright, who,
of
remarked
railways in carrying food
John
itself.
There
who
more
Mr.
replica
which
response
people,
dire
and
country
India
night, reported
to
debate,
He
The
in
and
hearts
open
;^2o,ooo,ooo
spent
gratifyingto
investment."
almost
''
for
the plan."
important,
Cotton,
remained
of course,
House.
had
who
by
irrigationwhich
of
Commons
are
Upper
this
works
it is
Famine,
last
India
in
show
to
supported
hand,
consideration.
Arthur
official, Sir
"
is most
due
needed
supported
administration
able
Sir
of the
refutation, and
alleviated
been
Birmingham
which
at
good
very
has
receive
in
great
much,
that
often
it will
Crovemment,
added
Indian
by
engineering
with
the
irrigation in India
to-day,
spoke
and
meeting
Standard
by
of
to
calamity
England,
that
said
ject
sub-
one
only
Indian
other
He
means
The
that
it
that
who
the
that
recently propounded
have
those
on
the
future.
regretted
be
that
discover,
to
famine,
in the
its entire
of
able
be
present
distinguished
that
regard
will
rejoice
sincerelytrust
incomplete,
and
irrigation.
such
hoped
it is to
Loudoun,
With
question
The
and
premisses
the
think
the
of
accomplish
of
'*
.
and
appointed
causes
from
to
of
end
an
this country^ should
were
extension
of the
pen
Earl
at
be
to
haphazard
so
stroke
The
is
difficult one,
orators
scheme,
nearly
India.
deplorable calamities
these
very
greatest
how
is
215
Southern
ravaged
has
that
preventing
of
which
calamity
great
PARLIAMENT
IN
rate.
the
the
to
by
English
cry
had
The
permitted,
proposals.
been
in
for
of
consequences
resulted
the
much
afforded
question
ardently
how
cated
advo-
SIR
2i6
to
famines
prevent
hon.
right
The
Bright)
at
gave
statements
and
India
leading
famine
to
or
gracious
Committee
to
of
ency
raised
amendment
both
famines.
the
Bright,
insufficient
extension
debate
the
on
the
of
report
Debates^
plan
Hamilton
which
by
Lord
be
original
which
the
Select
Committee.
237
of
from
the
and
the
which
was
therefore,
Hansard's
follow:
Dalhousie
"
suggested
through
motion
to
regards
as
I,
which
raised
by
is essential
here.
speeches
might
money
mutations
The
the
after
speech
resulted
vol.
the
which,
everything
of
money
and
situation,
record
384
to
324
pages
George
Lord
find
with
Committee
itself, that
should
Parliamentary
It
of
expedi*
results
and
the
the
Select
the
to
as
Fawcett
of
for
Majesty's
of
form
the
irrigation, which
Committee
from
abstract
of
on
Secretary
India
deplorable
appointment
debate
in
in
took.^
the
imposed
raised
Under
financial
Mr.
subject,
Her
to
report
was
motion
of
right understanding
said
This
see
be
appointment
Works
very
that
necessary."
the
to
whole
to
his
but
by
to
loans
answer
the
and
by
the
if found
regards
as
suggested
John
off
the
Public
the
taxation
pay
for
into
enquire
of
to
glad
into
(Mr.
subject,
refuted
was
go
concluded,
motion
to
upon
was
loan,
on
He
works,
new
constructing
prevention
Mr.
either
this
on
arguments
additional
discussion
introduced
State
his
Birmingham
for
advice
and
the
on
message
member
some
devoted
carry
as
soon
the
appointed
that
be
to
engaging public opinion.
now
was
newspaper.
be
to
was
was
So
Manchester
understood
he
India
disputed,
in
Commission
in
COTTON
gentleman
were
writer
able
ARTHUR
the
underwent
of
agency
ing
interest-
are
:"
for
Motion
'*
as
That
to
the
Committee
Select
loan."
on
"That
the
of
Secretary
''And
prevent
India;
following
State
further
the
and
for
to
constructing
(Lord
words
India
inquire
or
recurrence
whether
appointed
to
inquire into
Public
Works
in
and
report
India
with
Hamilton.)
George
Fawcett.
Mr.
Amendment.
be
of
expediency
raised
money
by
be
added
to
motion
the
of
the
Under-
"
into
to
greater
the
best
mitigate
economy,
means
the
to
intensity
especially
be
of
with
adopted
famines
regard
to
in
to
LORD
certain
GEORGE
companies, and,
handed
was
the
origin
also
proposed
and
on
the
offices
for the
Civil
the
department,
given.
It
expend
about
Previous
to
the
the
had
sum
was
put
the
'
of
revenue
the
upon
Madras
'
Secretary
the
irrigation,but they
the great
to
by
the
on
year
railways
Some
other
sulsjecting
salt
All
the
he
motion
suggest
the
of
such
Especially
or
by
the
the
struction
con-
for
found
of
the
was
Home
provided
burdensome
taxation
increase
contemplated
for
case
be
not
may
such
to
the
mitigate
and
Select
expediency
loan,
famine."
Committee
of
works
as
(Lord
as
of
(by
motion
of
the
regards
Geoige
to
Public
Works,
Public
financial
Hamilton.)
few
words
at
the
prevent
the
rence
recur-
famines."
withdrawn.
to
"
leave)
India
appointed
adapted
be
may
of
addition
lord, namely
intensity
the
constructing
both
the
was
noble
E"ist
on
India
them
upon
would
Amendment
"
of
people
famines
of
control
the
that
DufT.
Grant
that
of
'*
the
relief
the
under
are
loans.
ment,
Govern-
of the
real state
the
future
by
was
money
as
year
duty.''
Mr.
end
for
imposed
be
which
charges,
fund
long
private companies,
by
and
So
in
that
Indian
the
as
tion
atten-
placing
were
entirely responsible
be
future
drew
Government,
Home
such
promotion
the
for
pressure
constructed
by
the
from
great
Lawrence
be
construction
the
suggested
he
made
was
irrigationworks.
works
will
in
and
should
the
by
should
of
as
India,
companies,
high guarantees
those
proposal
Lord
new
Department,
Mutiny,
formed
were
annually
entirely
was
Certain
failures.
of
confirmed
Government
without
the
of State.
were
charges
after
authorities,
After
irrigation works
and
military
that
Orissa,'
'
revenues
and
years
these
year.
should
in
expended
but
India;
the
and
been
annually
nection
con-
Department
Works
Public
the
into
irrigation works.
productive
years
in
works
Works
Public
this department
of
few
some
consolidated
the
was
companies,
similar
public
find
to
Dalhousie
Lord
Boards
railways
That
interest
to
of
were
that
on
in
induced
India.
Military
of
name
establishment
irrigation works
ordinary
old
proposed
was
in
construction
^2,000,000
considerable
of
the
Department
which
to
were
irrigation works
of
with
desired
of
rates
railways
over
abolition
later, various
was
hand
to
high
217
of the
who
companies,
guaranteeing
of
making
fact, the
capital by being guaranteed
the
of
in
those
to
over
SPEECH
HAMILTON'S
inquire
Works
into
in
results
and
report
India
with
and
the
money
as
to
the
raised
prevention
of
whole
of
ordinary
revenue
the
had
which
the
but
obscured;
of the
the
the
on
against the
what
see
actually
was.
annually
to
It
;î, 500,000
the
attention
Government,
irrigationworks,
to
order
to
induce,
upon
similar
agitation
that
out-of-doors
in
India,
and
and
view,
in the
who,
in
the
but
were
not
Sir Arthur
Had
the
as
those
'done
all
he
credit
be
Cotton
construction
constructed
unmitigated good
to
be
and
of works
had
to
application
had
twenty
under
in
he
it
and
But,
had
Madras
paid well,
difficult
was
that
for
other
such
parts
content
to
those
But
promoters.
favourable
would
Cotton,
die
doubt
favourable
as
of that
supporter
singularly successful
no
been
ago
irrigation work
Sir Arthur
were,
for
years
impression
strong
works
designers
however,
That,
was
was
embark
to
satisfactory and
friends
India.
An
an
been
precedent
in Madras,
subject
chief
there
his
this
construct
returns
their
the
on
on
to
being
exceptionally
was
held
to
recent
sums
Some
irrigation
allowance,
it
enormous
and
engineer,
actual
the
to
pressure
direction.
to
career,
ished,
dimin-
considered
Government
pay.
proved
their exact
that
out
asking their asssistance, in
agitation.
certain
had
Madras
of
could
of
great
refer
to
that
merely
of his
works
in
immediately
early part
of
and
been
owing
spend
to
Indian
distinguished
making
delta
and
they
very
what
although
had
pointed
have
formed,
the
old
an
railroads
to
exercise
prevailed, there
it must
Those
delta.
works
had
construction
the
say;
of
continuance
Extraordinary,
not
to
been
possible,
if
works
;;^4"500,000
devote
had
would
Parliament
of
could
these
of
irrigation had
to
compelled
had
expenses,
them
gigantic speculation
the
was
felt
members
made
been
he
and
interest
glance they
devoted
view
by
railways
working
this fact ; but,
induce
to
at
Works
he
to
believed,
he
association,
that
He
with
out-of-doors
agitation
the
India
all the
construction
times
ordinary
call
to
as
Public
given
annually
in
necessary
well
be
and
head, and
to
to
were
ment
Govern-
to
with
proposed
of
the
out
one
irrigation.
to
allotment
Indian
was
construction
the
as
the
of
...
;^3,ooo,ooo
which
under
receipts,so
result
actual
the
sent
connected
them,
on
be
to
transactions
expended
money
session,
of account
brought
were
charged
were
the
of
whole
the
against
charged
was
construction,
their
undertook
Last
year.
form
State
embarked
capital
proposed
COTTON
the
moment
the
irrigation works
ARTHUR
SIR
2i8
works,
of
India.
with
cating
advo-
circumstances
unquestionably
unfortunately, they
have
went
LORD
GEORGE
deal
great
reference
further, and
the
to
the
the
it
State
language
stated
the
parts.' On
Company
had
agitation
an
authorised
This
only
the
but
so,
although
they
advanced,
that
work
That
not
say
been
had
good;
some
the
its construction.
on
cautious
regard
on
doubt
the
public
India
had
to
of
was
It
agitation set
and
Government
undertakings
on
saved
to
induce
that
character.
the
advantage
number
of
was
its
to
it to
incur
One
of
of
cheap
magnificent
was
cent.
per
made.
the
Not
; and
so
money
working
expenses.
districts, and, of
an
would
supporter
moiety
of
therefore,
put
the
ling,
ster-
consequence
interest
of
worth
foot
authority
five
any
necessary,
on
yield,
remaining
an
been
famine
were
was
parts, each
the
at
enthusiastic
its most
but
It
Government
had
paid
the
of
dividend
would
In
portion
once
their
at
;î,ooo,ooo
of
received
small
one
it had
crops
expenditure
Indian
that
secured
cent,
of
Indian
return
not
never
right through
that
in
paid
had
down
per
Company
no
had
had
Company
the
and
out
Government
ran
it did
course,
laid
was
to
of
possession which
returns.
any
foot, the
on
;^6oo,ooo
also
money
set
was
results
itself,and
capital
his
scheme,
distinguished
so
without
spent
that
lend
to
with
the
sit
the
commercial
best
of distinct
in
of
tive,
remunera-
mentioned.
independently
constituted
been
eighty
was
scheme
return
own
for
actual
the
and
prospectus
they
to
trary
con-
execution
actual
composed
was
recommendations
was
which
'work
very
when
the
was
Company
complete
its
that
and
humour,
the
a
the
It
be
on
agreeable task
an
Ganges
that
executed,
the
Government
the
then
project
the
select
what
in
was
the
In
give the
stated
was
spoil.
good
formed
which
Indian
be
the
in
of
case
when
of
it would
everybody
the
It
divide
and
further
of
been.
plunder,
put
judgment,
his
Derby
to
would
would
he
peculiar, considering
had
leisure
in
the
assented
undertaking
put
works
urging him,
formed.
was
recent
was
irrigation
Lord
sight,
over-
of
pressure
all Lancashire
and
said
writing to
was
company
the
results
great
with
curious
the
company.
India,
219
statements
some
construct
to
Cotton
would,
In
return.
their
State
that
Sir Arthur
which
work
Mutiny,
IrrigationCompany
and
ignored
of his Council, he
represented
was
the
private
for
opinion
the
Madras
in
of
means
of
Secretary
to
of
and
speeches
wholly
after
SPEECH
irrigation,by
of
had
Secretary
by
all their
advantages
Shortly
experience.
Madras
in
gentlemen
those
upon
HAMILTON'S
pressure
on
the
points urged
water-carriage.
rivers ; and
be
outlay
enormous
main
to
the
of
all
No
the
in
riTers
Indian
the
yielding
would
benefits
that
of
river, sanctioned
expenditure
Mayo
lar
charge,
sent
down
result
and
that
the
could
utilize
in
been,
deposit
the
of at
had
The
advocated
that
as
sent
expenditure
of
that
the
works
sum
of
Duke
had
last
j"2,
to
reason
August
that, while
and
the
amounted
it
in
to
revise
the
necessary
187
at
at
the
give
of
^4,400,000,
return
and
per
and
at
the
the
in
it
was
per
1873
the
present
time
that
cent
The
Government
;
but
only
the
affair
^2,700,000
revised
to
then
found
to
at
ment
Govern-
They
reference
calculated
with
formed,
and
was
pany.
private com-
sufficient
and
with
been
cent,
by
the Indian
safe
write
had
delay, it
sixteen
of
this, and
estimate
to
He
Government
some
failure
suggest
famine.
the
was
estimates
a
but
Sir
to
high valuation.
very
the
outlay
sixteen
proved
still
was
and
firom
after
Company
that
informed
believe
profit
but
to
be
Orissa
would
was
was
constructed
works
700,000
Argyll
should
for
commissioned
jî3"5oo,ooo,
and,
evident
was
necessary
Mahanuddy
proposal,
the
their
of
up
river could
been, there
neighbourhood
to
were
had
the
engineers
of
had
securing
over
down
It
Bay
;;î,oooôoo;
took
;i"i,20o,ooo.
failures
their
expenditure
the
the
Consequendy
of
till an
Government
home
of
swallowed
utilized
designs
rich
sent
that
complete
which
of
than
had
inspect
to
accede
resolved
than
result
conclusion
and
had
Government
Government
incurred,
their
Indian
for
the
not
that
Woeful
Cotton
capital
been
and
project
be
not
navigable for less
scheme
could
could
the
works
the
valuable
the
the
spent
for
strongly
main
more
Indian
that
been
written
these
the
past,
affair, and
effect
work
^1^900,000
one.
Arthur
some
the
project
every
worse
was
The
the
to
circumstances
the
from
that
made
be
whether
the
The
was.
had
of
of
Godavari,
intended
continuance
mud.
the
to
was
least
in
particu*
own
had
was
The
Lord
on.
amount
Norris
Mr.
navigation
the
on
^1^700,000
places, nothing
black
his
his mind
further
many
went
under
improvement
the
to
as
object
works
the
what
Provinces.
relating
papers
;^7oo,ooo,
no
that
expenditure
than
it
to
of the
for
the
the
less
expenditure
thick,
of
despatch
not
the
of
enquire
to
question
the
and
Department
This
Central
the
of
stated
had
heard
return.
deprecate
to
haviog
startling :
any
benefit
Works
gentlemen
was
without
expenditure
;;^8o,ooo
Public
made
appeal
an
The
GodaTaiL
the
was
the improvement
an
at
put
to
from
accrue
was
the
took
first,perhaps,
the
south,
Crovemment,
that
COTTON
ARTHUR
SIR
220
estimate
^6,208,000,
SIR
222
versed
in
gentleman
making
the
such
matters,
had
alluded,
canal
which
made
dispose
a
Select
could
Sir
Arthur
should
failures
had,
were
irrigation in
construct
canals
the
by depicting
lying
in
would
Bengal,
but
the
But
even
total
it
the
direct
It
and
the
results
m
from
the
;"i2,soo,ooo
indirect
last
receipts,
that
fact
he
had
in
dwelt
of irrigation
they
easily
Bengal,
a
were
rivers,
of
number
constructed.
If he
that
and
return
took
altogether
not
account,
are
famine.
fi'om
what
was
01
permanent
remarkable.
in
over
More-
construction
from
result
the
Bengal,
utilise the
with
were
very
were
the
the
great
canals
of
opinions
the
people
different
there
was
there
Madras
apparatus
the
save
solely
were
and
connected
very
and
appeared,
about
to
were
only
all the
not
to
use
Salisbury, concluding
clear, that
was
of
independent
to
worst,
Lord
to
and
were
flat
was
expenditure
expended
including
that
not
Bengal
unsatisfactory.
been
water
conditions
country
in
of
sufficient
be
because
despatch
which
not
the
Madras,
the
From
canals,
or
sources
In
in
the
there
and
extent.
attention
been
had
Madras
no
was
possible to
be
past
recurrence
were
considerable
directed
in
In
and, in
mittee
com-
those
which
supply
opinions
by increasing
it
water.
not
further
had
famine
sheets
the
Mysore
it would
any
Temple
useless.
tanks
and
to
circumstance
that
on
of
the
that
of
^30,000,000,
of
done
be
to
way
any
India,
of
ditions
con-
expenditure
before
against
of
sources
reasons
rival
of
part
of
their supply
small
appointment
the
drought,
prevent
engineers,
the
lands
wet
those
famine
experience
by
to
Madras
Richard
Su:
protect
found
rivers
it
favourable
possible
but
might
much
to
tanks
of
of those
waters
that
of
best
recent
that
to
slope
the
outlay
an
The
attention
rivers, whose
competent
many
involving
of
favourable
advocates
;
cost
and
be
estimated
alluded.
district
or
rainfall
the
of
had
been
three
only
The
the
value
rainfall for
on
those
would
ideas
the
certain
exactly
when
But
whom
thought
had
It
dependent
for
the
comparatively
wholly changed,
scheme
directed
that
famine.
were
he
who
some
for
that
require satisfactory explanations
which
doubt,
no
made
right hon.
the
water,
In
cheaply
case
their
of
supply
course.
be
cheap.
before
any
first
to
of the
Cotton's
and
heard,
considered
they
the
Committee,
be
the
upon
which
to
explaining
passage
might
traffic
book,
practically indefensible.
was
of
navigated
absent,
canals
on
be
ocean
were
was
canals
might
and
COTTON
whose
drainage
the
conditions, great
sum,
in
depended
and
ground
ARTHUR
there
the
of
had
results,
3^
per
cent
the
on
was
found
two
canals
^the
"
these
on
the
On
amounted
it
that
referred
works
old
Lord
George
extension
of
work
worth
to
fuUy
be
increasing
the
three
shown
which
other
it had
which
the
while
because
draw
the
to
officers
in
of
the
to
into
was
not
comparison
estimated
at
the
whether
sound
value
and
It
not.
to
canals, the
of the
to
their
whole
land, etc.,
as
but
pay
in
been
service
the
questions
into
was,
obtain
the
from
of
cause
on
which
was
not
enable
their
worth
canals,
and
railroads
to
irrigation,
on
enquire
to
years
not
main
the
of
into
years,
ignore
to
sufficient
as
works
the
It had
principle
between
data
them
from
or
of
tion
irriga-
any
would
Department
Works
were,
system
famme.
mistake
have
canal
divided
be
which
would
mind
they
ordinary
during
One
Public
between
if
almost
irrigationworks,
present
of
during ordinary
past.
not
was
in
Altogether,
well
old
interest, they would
rely altogether
comparison
returns
receipts, the enhanced
of
was
that
avert
to
be
the
see
estimated
enter
there
delusion
result
was
might
pay
not
committee
the
were
not
hand, it would
failures ; also
receipts
paid
would
revenue
return.
and, thirdly,those
rendered
been
various
their
be
proposed
had
what
which
which
and
it would
the
on
the
prevent
constructed
would
famines
for
would
least
had
which
years
that
but,
the
that
borne
be
to
an
was
if the
much
strictly commercial
as
canal
Jumna
by compound
account
those
firstly,
averted
independent
believed
consequence
account
making
those
ordinary
In
capital
classes"
which
as
results
the
were
very
He
years
adopt
to
the
doubted
he
fifteen
The
Government
secondly,
firmed,
con-
well
as
whether
circumstance
or
capital
that
calculation.
the
Another
from
work
which
in
twelve
the
a
cent.,
per
conditions
canal
Jumna
and
work,
period,
such
make
old
developed.
that
during
the
the
it took
that
was
half
experience strongly
asked
the
Bengal,
of
per
which
not
or
replied
Hamilton
much.
very
in
loj
was
included
was
with
result
return
physical
on
Balfour
in connection
to
of the
George
the
recent
paid
canal
Sir
General
only
was
depended
mainly
rainfall, whether
the
there
from
capital expended
expenditure
clearly, what
very
and
it
analysed,
was
sum
The
Ganges.
remaining
;^9,Soo,ooo
to
the
223
exclusively derived
ahnost
;"3,Soo,ooo
was
whole
this proved
and
and
Jumna
this
moment
was
revenue
works
two
cent.
to
this
the
But
capital
that
SPEECH
HAMILTON'S
GEORGE
LORD
any
one
financial
results.
the
indirect
of
well
as
the
direct
ARTHUR
SIR
224
receipts, were
done,
included
enhanced
the
value
could
of
the
be
the
doubt
that
enabled
the
no
of
number
railways that
of
case
land, and
the
reduce
largely
to
in
bat
there
although
COTTON
not
was
also
railways
Indian
European
ment
Governin
kept
troops
India.
REPLY
The
Sir
TO
above
speech
Arthur
immediately
This
not
which
or
indicate
his
to
the
in vain.
and
at
his
Lord
not
have
to
own
these
was
to
present
which
terms
Hamilton
the
that
best
would
of
member
have
the
of
Secretary
to
the
his
defence
as
in
right
accused
before
England
to
state
which
The
he
late
has
pamphlet,
own
self,
him-
for
His
India.
all the
him,
before
place
allowed
would
not
public
without
defence,
italics throughout
if
of
man
and
is
reply
are
had
to
one
such
been
that
the
thus
be
of
opportunity
should
that
that
reply
the
course,
any
an
called, that
this
me
me
honour
way
public
wish
It
publicly.
every
to
any
the
conclude,
as
will, in
to
the
ing
offer-
an
acknowledged
be
allowed
the
before
I need
Sir Arthur
not
as
references
I have
State
which
name,
my
the
papers,
of
Secretary
been
and
in
India,
on
mention
to
him,
to
in
that
his
debate
pleased
House,
before
appeal
"
been
brought
The
for
reply
State
State
of
for
need
facts
addressed
vindication
prime
of
contracted
he
his
of
he
journal
any
hands.
his
even
knew
the
by
Secretary
at
He
travesty
Therefore,
obtain
he
the
the
published
seem
India
circulation
did
expense,
to
request
justice
the
by
reference
been
may
for
in
strange
to
day.
He
space
Cranbrook,
irrigation as
in
was
G.
was
Only
for
and
done
1878.
Hamilton.
George
newspapers.
lord's
22,
surprising,
Lord
sufficient
noble
Viscount
appealed
was
With
the
next
the
irrigation projects.
to
India, and
the
receive
to
the
to
by
to
dis-service
of
reply
reply
made
January
on
Times
reply
sent
answer
taken
view
not
was
expect
in
The
statements
reply
could
in
prepared
astounding,
delivered
was
it
saw
CRITICISM.
ADVERSE
when
tribunal
hesitate
Cotton's.
to
ask
for
DISCRIMINATING
this, which
formed
the
by
Had
charges
official
paper,
similar
official
world,
by
that
essential
before
been
reply, but
be
to
ARTHUR
to
have
had
having
been
it
permitted
lordship
to
construct
Arthur
the
points
that
the
projected works,
work
gave
that
us,
failure.
the
the
in
actual
most
low
it
from
India
and
been
saying,
"
The
all been
false
as
;f570,000,
in
statement,
or
while
is
of
plainly
failures."
gathered
from
greatest
far below
so
to
Sir
try
the
India), raising
the
to
by
respectively,
shown
the
Surely
of
revenue
completely
his
and
time, that
average
How
to
as
far
"210^00
the
the
Commissioner
Special
Orissa, and
the
less
state
that
at
district
and
this
Madras
Tanjore
of
in
speak
people
degradation,
district
per
Godavari,
more
extreme
;^400,ooo
from
parative
com-
the
of
state
greatest
to
raised
districts
of any
state
misled
to
state
sent
proceeds
such
in
cause
mislead
illthat
that
the
success
was,
against
made
might
had
they
of the
its
is ;f 250,000
the
especially
was
were
entirely
low
state
from
;f7 50,000
would
very
prosperous
revenue
have
Montgomery
raise
of
way
that
there
Sir
upon
lesson
be
then
sarily
neces-
fact, that
to
warning
might
was
insisted
the
was
necessary
view
is this
projection
lordship
(Godavari
general
and
have
His
way
from
prosperity
H.
false
there
it must
that
upon
where
results, viz., that
Godavari
the
that
slightest possible
works,
of
grand
mistakes
great
advantages,
OF
only
and
continually
I insisted
projections, insomuch,
natural
I
was
and
reply.
ago
was
directly contrary
Canal
Ganges
it
India
in
supporter
So
main
of
years
doors, that
chief
Cotton."
of
one
allowed
be
course,
all the
before
up
mode
twenty
of
out
The
beyond
ADVOCATE
irrigation works
an
pay.
will, of
an
EXTENSION.
Some
"
impression
strong
held
in
merely
me
claim
DISCRIMINATING
says,
being
called.
been
no
similar
IRRIGATION
His
I have
against
authority,
225
just judgment
which
made
should
high
ought
SIR
is
tribunal
these
ADVOCATE
the
to
all
public
The
Times
Bengal
works
by
such
an
lordship's
15
ly
utter-
speech,
SIR
226
requires
works
the
An
hundred
;"'2
30,000
from
increased
**
to
more
less
failure."
Of
their
the
actual
the
returns
has
it
risen
exports
have
imports
from
world
the
to
lordship
his
works
were^
forty
or
year
represented
these
for
acre
district
;C8oo,ooo, and
to
this is
the
year,
And
RESULTS"
"RECENT
WERE
to
difficult
was
Further
with
ments
friends,by
results
In
he
on,
of recent
reply
of the
curious
oversight,had
the
Mr.
quoted
of
the
of
the
water
by
Not
single work
most
essential
have,
as
the
Arts.
and
the
the
has
those
in
been
ever
that
has
water
no
returns
to
confound
See
the
these
B.
in
he
them
gave
full
added
refusal
of the
the
Especially
have
of the
two
cases
whether
those
failure
of the
Nothing
Appendix
railway
refused, because
failure of their management.

than
tinually
con-
partial operation.
very
been
from
I have
returns,
the
omitted.
be known
it should
clusions
con-
I have
which, through
only yet
are
my
those
to
results
the
of
head
Office, as
to
of
one
results.
of
paper
the
stated
every
whole
And
works
the
yet, made
mischievous
his
and
in every
actuallyin operation, as
ryots,
which
in
state*
wholly ignored
I have
particularin entering fully into
I been
works
those
India
of those
statements
Cotton
A.
that
state
Thornton,
respect of the works
Society
to
works,
new
from
is drawn
the
and
speeches
irrigation,Sir
single exception,
of
department
all their
to
this, I beg
a
whole
BY
IGNORED
experience."
to
mine, without
In
'*
says,
respect
some
EVER
ADVOCATES?
IRRIGATION
or
;f200,000.
or
irrigated seven
sayr
at
of
revenue
the
in
works
;"'28o,oooa
to
"$70,000
"6ofloo
What
*'
says,
total
to
from
;f20,000
as
alone, amounting
the
has
;f700,000
these
doubt
no
paying eight shillingsan
acres,
while
cent,
per
of
expenditure
rate
I have
profitable engineering
most
thousand
water
COTTON
official contradiction.
an
are
world.
ARTHUR
two
can
be
things.
it is
works
works^
more
If the
FAILURE
works
themselves
lost, and
the
similar
in the
only
use
future
in
and
hands,
thousands
WHY
THE
only
will
they
of others,
works,
and
to
to
this
answer
a
then
work
its management
all
the
don't
that
think
has
only
any
should
failed.
will
give
they
have
most
most
proved
thoroughly
railway
seriously
injured.
distribute
four
and
interest
which
days
The
cubic
question
natives
millions
thousand
and
this
the
rich
in
are
of
cases
cubic
is, Is
this
the
habit
all
they willingly
manure
over
yards
thus
they
of jf*! for
cost
Taking
yards.
per
pay
contained
high
of
"1,
for
or
well
in
or
times
seven
water,
river
of
cost
of
two
for
year,
yards.
?
one
The
wells
in
three
about
this
entirely
water.
for
cent
from
water
most
they
cubic
low
the
hour
;f 105,000
their
and
per
thousand
raising
at
is,
per
seven
price
India,
that
quantity
cost
twenty
in
while
;î,50o,ooo,
total
that
used, and
good
yards
been
cost
are
miles,
to
unquali*
an
injury,
any
or
not
have
at
and
cubic
engine
were
they
they
sound
cost
annum,
per
management,
gives
when
thousand
hundred
million
thousand
have
They
for.
clearly proved
works,
for
revenue
steam
executed
destroyed
was
and
for
answer
but
as
without
storms
the
works
case,
been
returns,
adjoining
to
every
are,
abundant
severe
hundred
have
is,they
that
been
standing
two
and
recommends
by
it is
the
into
The
answerable
Tungabudra
as
Tungabudra
its execution,
much
project,
successfully executed,
success,
all
results.
were
for
the
look
will
who
have
answerable
good
in
works
irrigation
However,
thoroughly
more
ONLY
who
man
If I
indeed
is
is
like
become,
their
is done
executed
of
Watt
person
most
fied
into
of the
for
Is the
all that
when
authorities,
them
put
speak
to
simple.
management
failure
WERE
responsible
for
answerable
to
make
to
SUCCESSFUL.
me
is very
is not
But, if the
WORKS
proceeds
make
them
irrecoverably
profitable.
highly
TUNGABUDRA
Lordship
is
immediately
PARTIALLY
His
of
projects.
have
we
227
money
make
can
we
management,
effective
the
failures, the
are
mistakes
MANAGEMENT
IN
cost,
without
Again,
the
228
Government
charge
inferior
river
to
for
about
six
thousand
river
of
six
the
in the
of
the
sale
at
six
rupees
for
three
thousand
is that
the
authorities
have
entirely
failed.
had
been
enough
its value.
than
in
in
such
ordinary
effects
are
canal
the
half
repaid
by
acres
1
were
two
so
each
never
full
and
other."
putties,
sold
of
**
finer
the
plants
recently
at
The
"2
so
the
value
in
reports, their
crop
created
was
one
cost
was
whole
hundred
in
January
white
cholum
this
thick
average
i6s.
of
value
its
war
on
works
one
crops'of
seen
"
The
rather
than
the
only
invest
nearly
the
of
Again,
Again,
India,
carrying
the
of
the
perishing
is
the
more
for
crop,
reports
overseer
is
value
cost
irrigated?
were
of
Spain,
Company's
two-thirds
single partial
the
whole
; thus
tact
are
out
estimate
can
estimated
The
millions
877, the
touching
is
be
cannot
These
of
only
The
''
had
as
one-seventh
at
India
why
it
affairs,
have
capital
Turkey
who
In
of
spoken
I have
ears
but
past
sterling."
million
year,
thus
is
spoken
years,
have
Company,
Turkey,
This
have
the
as
tried
America,
capital, while
I
be
hands
capitalists will readily
British
in
water
at
worth
water,
own
take
over
wells
whose
the
not
British
all
not
the
their
this
dominions.
British
year
and
millions
own
of
to
not
why
of
is, would
times
seven
were
that
manage
ryots
should
expense.
our
water
by
our
want
the
reason
of
hundreds
to
sale
proof
effectually keep
so
the
are
if it
sell
to
from
officers, into
England
Why
that
things
at
in
persuade
to
"i^
the
charge
natives
water
per
no
allowed
the
filtered
revenue
have
consists
enough
certainly
that
committed
We
Company
every
the
clever
worth
was
yards
success
the
had
have
been
not
raising
on
go
who
certain
most
cubic
fact
The
what
acre
the
to
as
rich
this
of
cost
failure, therefore,
Those
have
the
conclusive
Their
water
it is
times
perfectly
works.
not
it
for
is
per
would
and
This
three
is
;Ci for
of
rate
very
that
acre,
the
at
or
water,
an
rupees
yards,
management
India
they
yards,
of the
much,
as
cubic
as
ten
cubic
tank
for
district
is about
water,
works,
COTTON
this
in
thousand
water.
solely
of
ARTHUR
SIR
per
sand
thouof
this
is magnificent
grain.
that
at
they
yield
per
putty, and
The
were
acre
the
SIR
230
have
been
eminently
themselves
officers
I must
in
of
these
instance
natives
give
to
and
it to
again,
way,
that
at
of
inevitably
must
things
all
and
the
works
failure
the
the
the
were
general
case,
profitable
in
without
whole
so
is
and
they
other
exception
case
any
management,
all the
as
is
returns
themselves,
in
the
we
afford
to
irriga*
if these
falsified
essentially
proceedings
or
on
intelligent management
as
conclusions
our
works
presidency,
asserted
are
these
of
found
than
water
as
Madras
employed
always
get the
water
heard
life
my
the
the
never
represented
under
in this
works
tion
is
of
become
all
to
the
solely
of
exception,
of
revenue
of
refusal
thing
been
if this
moment
any
thousands
the
old,
failure
instead
of
eager
failure
as
If this
have
more
if the
point
and
the
judges.
without
them),
represented
the
out
(I
and,
times
ten
perfectly successful,
new
before^
works,
and
this
upon
irrigation works,
thought
COTTON
being
dwell
single
one
ARTHUR
be
must
utterly
wrong.
THE
DELTA
IN
WORKS
NORTHERN
AND
SOUTHERN
MADRAS.
To
return
the
to
Under
Secretary
failures
by
The
Williams,
account
of
the
belts
his
of land
stretches
Cauveri
rivers
other
traveller
by
Not
the
reached
between
of
the
contrast
to
the
Peninsula,
word
to
this
Secretary's speech,
of
famine.
the
given officially,the
immeasurable
From
public
benefits
all
are
conferred
or
to
and
has
in
the
any
on
and
reaches,
admit
and
that
no
a
meet
the
South
India
ways."
rail-
said
other,
total
the
irrigation
which
been
accounts
left in
''AH
benefits), present
tracts
purport
an
Kistna,
it
rule
Madras,
Mr.
giving
of
system
such
arid
Under
Times,
wherever
India
on
others
Godavari,
English
less
or
districts, says:
grand
soil
the
by
more
by
The
the
haters
them
famine
the
be
to
of
to
the
by
conferred
ever
marvellous
letter
his
through
the
stated
is said
(fertilizing the
even
raj
what
noticed
shghtly
so
and
State,
in
tour
which
forcing
of
TimeSy
Monier
works
delta
of
either
the
on
the
ject
sub-
famine
of
ignorance
presidency
in
by
the
these
IRRIGATION
DELTAIC
beneficent
most
have
would
districts
been
their
of
starving
people
that
the
the
reports
And
the
following
Governor
of
Cotton.
Taking
of
hydraulic
the
and
carried
the
by
up
year.
The
anicuts
of
bridle
the
point,
in
been
way
applied
works
which
matchless
in
have
neighbouring
then
six
intimately
proceed
extensive
of
they
had
face
of
to
This
is
concerned
press
things
tracts
of
years
are
the
in
Bengal,
the
in
Bengal
the
and
these
led
to
the
of
in
ryots
execution
that
they
money.
suppose
curring
re-
parties
These
the
of
scenes
disaster
which
; all
protected
ever
them.
before, subscribed
public
irrigation
to
for
define,
of
one
chosen
affected into
in
to
magnificent
Sone
way
they
the
deltaic
Governor
the
which
For
the
the
year
lower
engineer
more
have
and
speak
upon
projects,
themselves,
the
the
arrest
and
at
Mahanudi
the
ceived
con-
to
as
Pennair,
and
anient,
monument
upper
of
provinces from
Trichinopoly.
these
the
"
Captain
controlling
wide
and
by
imminent
still
Kistna
wealthy
and
drought,**
most
system
converted
fertility
and
this
Doab,
the
miles
earliest
Cotton
that
with
presidencies
canal
Ganges
five
the
the
so
the
and
the
to
of
emboldened
river
similar
of other
rivers
them
Godavari,
of
Trichin*
grand
became
result
Coleroon
the
masonry,
which
Cauveri,
successful
the
of
taking
par-
addressed
that
design
the
by
of
ryots
times, and
bold
accounts.
works
skill, Captain
dam
Thenceforward
results.
has
of the
the
with, and
from
remote
the
out
fact, therefore,
achieved
was
engineering
gigantic
drying
of
met
these
The
probably
work
native
by
idea
have
last, thus
science
millions
most
contact
works.
food
relief, it is
falsifies
of
immediate
five
great
quite
of
possibly
here, in Trichinopoly,
untutored
Coleroon
this
November
of
remarkable
most
in
on
these
of
tons
added
not
description
of the
was
triumph
is the
13th
It
"
of
famine
the
benefits
the
on
of
of
had
could
Government
if, instead
dependents
omission
living
are
in the
opoly,
the
to
the
thousands
tracts, they
The
from
ryots, who
of
Government
difficulty.
which
For
hundreds
neighbouring
certain
for
but
overwhelmed.
supplying
to
the
works,
231
of
trict
dis-
one
that
state
In
that
the
the
SIR
232
general
them.
to
The
will
wealth
which
I
the
their
tracts
the
least
the
idea
results
of
of
them,
about
the
the
of
then
lordship
Blue
of
have
not
as
respects
the
natives
these
of
completely
so
Mr.
are
informed
mis-
they
are
in almost
experience
of
support
the
all
of
by
most
of
all parts
of
facts
and
figures
works
the
ment,
Govern-
our
tical
prac-
In
single
no
stated
conclusion
way
from
thorough
India.
the
in
anything
taken
statements
results
of
by fifty years
these
engineers";
constructed
one,
endorsing
**for
Bright
of
actual
the
omitting
illustrated
the
notions
enthusiastic
of
of
irrigation, not
without
their
exclusively
consist
is
either
case,
and
famine*^
present
feelings
reproves
ideas
Books
instance
truth,
and
subject.
speculative
the
the
the
or
that
the
to
the
speculations
works
jects
pro-
droughts^
to
public generally
of the
state
rather
directly contrary
His
English
true
these
or
on
the
these
bring fertility
severely during
too
that
persuaded
am
estimation
All
"
it
supply
to
frequently exposed
too
insuperable
an
anxious
by sa}ring
humble
but
is
water
are
conclude
now
suffered
to
ryots
Government
ryots
in
to
the
of
opposition
difficulty,though
COTTON
ARTHUR
India
the
from
Office.
THE
PROPOSED
NAVIGATION
THROUGHOUT
CANALS
INDIA.
His
lordship
Sir
all
A.
not
is wild
proposition
In
by
proposing
which
reply
in
am
had
this
stopped
Midnapur
one
it, he
result
canals
canal
hundred
of
in
millions.
thirty
what
of
tion
naviga-
construct
cost
show
give
of
the
the
for
by
miles
said,
in
"
"
Should
coalfield
most
this
respect
what
in
complete
data
I may
begin
but
case,
by showing
recommending
for
judge
charge
to
rashest
and
rash.
can
actually begun
railway
he
to
at
to
scheme,
anybody
my
said
and
this
viz.
India,
is
word
wildest
"the
schemes,"
throughout
one
of
speaks
Cotton's
canals
But
then
good
navigation.
the
the
East
Ranigunj,
and
side
to
the
equal
company
Lord
of
discovery
to
of
Ranigunj,
Mayo
India
when
coal
at
one
of
CARRYING
RAILWAY
the
canal
Calcutta."
to
that
borings
no
resumed.
Thus
essential
where
after
;^2 5,000
the
cheapness
and
for
that
Hooghly
the
traffic is taken
portion
Eastern
country from
must
Mr.
the
the
quote
East
as
Ganges
in
has
company
which
been
in
argument
traffic
is
on
million
it is
yield
pay
return
;f2,000,000.
receipts;
The
at the
nine
eleven
per
western
rate
that
of cost
years,
of
on
of three
of
and
the
the
railway
has
ally
liter-
unanswerable
eastern
present
of
of
Calcutta
the
tons
toll of half
and
traffic would
India,
extension
thousand
return
working
cent,
an
The
hundred
yield
of
thirdly,I
the
to
fact
the
across
And,
letter
traffic,is
canal.
obvious
confluence
the
field twelve
would
all expenses
of
wrote
the
if there
The
the
two
some
water.
finished
rapidly increasing.
this traffic alone

to
of
plying
boat
railway engineer
had
they
sive
exces-
it would
Calcutta,^'
tithe of the
favour
one
and
annum,
greater
an
for navigation
said, "The
he
in the
acquired only
by
Goalundo,
to
to
than
more
to
he
as
Burhamputra,
and
merchants,
soon
out
that
caned
Bengal
railway
India
railways,
of
portion
Calcutta, travels
present head
Leslie, who
between
some
miles
will be to construct
remedy
Bengal
report
still the
straight route
late
administration
lengthened
and
hundred
like
anything
were
ninety-nine
Although
calculated
is
Bengal
three
or
canal
coal, require
the
have
way,
rail-
highways, notwithstanding
be
to
as
Eastern
hundred
by
like
was
if
for
communication
the
*'
the
water
It
distance.
between
Ganges,
off
the
tortuous
so
are
of
not
canal
course,
which,
the
was
spent upon
also
we
Mayo
charge of
that
of
And,
of
Midnapur
Lord
canal
been
its last
in
says
the
and
follows
had
Next,
'75-6" speaking
the
had
Damuda
wanted
was
speed.
which
Government,
the
mile
all
traffic,
not
who
first discovered
coal, it
by
longer
no
the
reported to
was
years' trial.
for
of
it
233
will
canal
carried
the contractor
Mayo
twenty
hundredths
be
appeared^
Lord
wanted
Damuda
when
of
coal
more
the
But
the removal
on
was
coal
the
INSUFFICIENT
would
of
principal objects
exist, because
"
POWERS
per
crown
sufficient
;"'240,ooo,
maintenance,
and
capital outlay
probably
shillingsand
double
of
the
sixpence
"l
SIR
234
for
ton
tolls
and
eastern
traffic
present
cost
rash
and
tried
for
there
would
have
of
miles
alone,
which
stimulus
would
the
is
that
the
they
the
decisive
to
work
this
on
on
away
leaves
out
on
of
of the
Of
equally
rash
applicable
It will
country.
and
wild
canals
be
to
thus
is
being
not
as
be
is
all
the
seen
the
that
with
advisable
by
the
canal,
at
takes
mis-
thrown
been
what
must
results
such
by
be
to
running
this
effective
necessary
similar
through
is
in the
of Calcutta,
out
lines
there
idea
some
grievous
of the
more
than
one
India.
WITH
room
quite
transit, and
cheap
main
PARALLEL
smallest
give
declared
lines
two
if
and
"
project
a
have
created
thus
favour
are
to
the
by
nine-tenths
connected
man
RUNNING
CANALS
There
these
on
Leslie
thirty miles,
of
want
would
what
course,
railways
will
If
and
calculation
that
practicable
for
in
or
;^4,ooo,ooo spent
"2^^00,000
hundred
one
certainly
I recommended
country.
made,
all India
traffic
transit
poor
of
part
hundred
biassed
Mr.
This
freight
four
ordered
was
debt
and
and
Government,
the
by
traffic
enormous
cannot
Bengal
"
and
iêater
we
lost, besides
been
cost
been
line
immense
is
have
loss
the
have
is still
when
1858,
the
violently
Since
in
in
late
children
own
the
the
Now
figures given
simple
railway
that
and
very
anybody.
India
why
engineer,
;^20,ooo,ooo
the
on
the
their
line
rivers.
Calcutta
to
time
accomplish
to
Mayo,
against
were,
least
Lord
far
traffic
present
without
by
carry
the
by
railway
canals
which
canal,
hundred
the
of
been
western
one
on
which
on
on
saving
only
reduction
another
has
spent
this
the
(which
and
increasing,
weeks
miles
either
head
of
six
of
respects
line
are
and
And
great
Boats,
twenty
imagine
be
rapidly
traffic,take
line
distance.
such
cause.
and
on
on
eastern
cent,
per
year,
direct
the
on
the
Thus,
railway
if jf 2,ooo,cxx"
twenty-two
a
on
as
boat*'
that
on
saving
year,
and
spent
return
calculates
years),
;î,750,ooo
thirty
been
be
would
;^84O,O0O
of
engineer
be
there
rail, steamer,
twelve
together
of
alone
wild
COTTON
carriage,
by
;^4,ooo,ooo
ARTHUR
for
side
of
RAILWAYS,
question
the
as
railways
to
the
after
CANALS
the
BY
first hundred
where
let
the
Sir
Mayo,
Indian
the
on
Western,
alone
line^
been
miles
the
traffic
safe
want
of canals
in
while
that
time
requires
of
that
considered,
for
conclusions
of
are
lost
for
of
cutta,
Cal-
miles
all
almost
that
road
same
India
that
Most
tainly,
cer-
the
increasing
Nobody
based
committed
the
want
we
been
during
transit,
than
from
So
certain.
and
cheap
loss
of
way
and
less
operation
main
ways
rail-
hundred
millions.
one
palpable
the
that
thirty
hundred
several
is most
of
miles
the
traffic
present
been
loss
year
Northern,
have
in
and
millions
created.
the
been
thousand
is well
and
been
have
Hooghly
one
and
the
the
years
100,000,000
of
traffic
the
been
hundred
one
aiûment
statements
"
then, has
ten
India
this
answer
have
Certainly
if this
wealth
would
Lord
present
have
not
traffic,besides
railways
all the
on
could
which
the
within
loss
actual
within
What,
time.
the
Now
have
the
thirty
canals.
engineer
the
on
miles
members
three
Calcutta,
the
during
saying
the
than
Western,
Calcutta
that
quite
of
hand,
the
on
on
hundred
to
railway
between
less
out
other
lost
are
be
South-
on
of
;f70,000,000
of
the
head
}rear
for
imply,
the
canal
three
consequently,
have
the
cannot
and
thirty
and
there
Ganges,
and
Temple,
235
for those
are
conclusions
steamboat
RAILWAYS
is suitable
country
;î,750,ooo
of
want
they
as
these
what
Richard
If
lost
the
Government,
come.
the
of
consider
us
for
miles,
face
OF
SIDE
can
the
upon
railway
men
themselves.
THE
His
lordship
first
the
ordinary
rough
of
sense
The
at
the
have
time
been
the
the
and
it
for
to
was
amply
an
the
now
that
named,
sufficient
But
from
certain
if that
sum
twenty-five
But
the
years
history
turned
has
been
ago,
of
mere
estimate
an
what
had
was
it has
in
not
was
It
of
;^8o,ooa
at
this
estimate.
is that
Godavari
the
put
was
formation
thing
it is
effected,
estimate
word
of
speak
to
;f300,000.
was
remarkable
perfectly correct,
expended
that
preparatory
guess,
in detaiL
says
estimate
rough
NAVIGATION.
proceeds
next
He
navigation.
A
GODAVARI
the
out
been
granted
it would
work
is
SIR
236
the
perhaps
thing, that
a
done,
could
that
collected
one
occasion
the
when
of the
the
the
Haig,
work
that
carrying
it out
conducted
actual
management
but
not
word
How
sum.
we
his
told
are
is that
this
Second
Barrier, which
of
it
part
no
one
would
"21,000
penny
per
per
very
water.
small
the
have
be
mile
dear
to
ton, while
or
given
of "2,000
the
cost
A
the
;^9,ooo,and
the
four
a
on
the
It must
be
be
further
be
this astonishing
"700,000,
was
this
spent
Now
at
hundred
railway
it
that,without
was
for
river
has
cost
charge
average
river
the
miles
Now
mile
or
fact
the
works
greatly improved
stated, however,
it will
mile.
ton, in its present condition, but

expense,
to
the
in
is well
"2,000
cheap
have
accomplished for
get for it ?
we
rate
it
money
of the question whether
navigation
from
what
that
was
whether
would
at
what
away,
diligence. But,
and
states
ever
is he
that
supposes
it
time
India
exhibited
nearly completed
very
navigation, or
to
as
judge
we
sum
Lordship
what
work,
notwithstanding
cost
said
was
can
not, unless
necessarily
half
it need
be
is to
twenty
thrown
recommends
the
than
that
what
to
on
invaluable
measure
ordinary judgment
the
to
to
the
double
imbecility
He
with
further, as
more
such
great
more
fallen
and
it
be collected
starving
Engineer
than
Engineer
an
suppose
in
was
cost
When
done.
devoted
and
been
compelled
was
for
out
proposed,
had
lost, and
could
from
had
to
suddenly
who
was
people
them
money
was
talented
most
Engineer
spun
had
unjustly dispersed
most
the
save
he
were
workpeople,
the
was
of
work
what
works
that
to
work
value
had, Colonel
and
workmen
till the
years,
pay
for
year,
less,sometimes
till all confidence
high
Thus
spot
the
distances,
great
the
away
was
notice, and
very
On
again.
the
times
three
to
year
knew
never
have
would
company
sometimes
more,
do
to
not
providing jf100,000
from
given
were
remuneration,
only by
private
any
Engineer
or
from
without
send
the
without
stopped
was
sums
Two
expect
as
years,
how
of
Instead
sometimes
years,
so
none,
found
be
uncertain
twenty
of
perfect specimen
most
for three
year
COTTON
ARTHUR
is
one
might,
is
penny
halfat
by storing
this stored
238
ari
The
system.
The
The
management.
that
towards
paying
ruined
of
What
be.
to
What
had
left in
will
But,
yield returns,
of
their
asked
said
''
profit, half
half
the
to
stand
can
why
What
of it will
things
of
the
canals
in
about
the
and
the
canal
240
to
as
the
a
ryots.
matter
irrigation
400
has
lbs.," (worth
But
are
during
always
about
will
eight
these
set
most
state
extract
patent
leased
is
of
year
the
cause
the
over
head
their
debts
debtedness
inand
are
irrigation
government
increased
world
surely
following
involved
the
other
Governor
some
regret, that
with
any
superintendent
the
area
have
is
are
inconceivable
They
Excepting
we
of
the
of infinite
but
the
works
the
who
the
telligent
inthere
the
found,
of
connection
their
older.
**
and
if there
day
some
of
way
they
water,
things,
deputy
1877.
decline
the
the
natives
in
native
for
gradual
increasing
growing
the
Midnapur
it is
is
of
that
the
When
from
eighty
instead
nothing
formed
of
works,
course
notion
be
the
this
these
and
be
ought
as
the
lenders,
that
will
of
it, when,
of
it
doubt
money
state
hoping
of
use
of
which,
energetic
case.
not
Of
Some
may
report
of
ears,
in
the
the
"
faithfulness
things there,
from
to
such
rights.
to
use
against
and
tact
the
go
fault
the
were
Calcutta
if gaps
failure
present
do
zemindars
perfectly justified
of
the
has
all difficulties
of
we
which
no
that
far
go
here, too,
difficulty in
out
way
they
is
is
certain
great
to
system
railways
terrible
acre,
so
between
There
falsifies
man^êment,
are
their
if it
is
fifth of what
such
the
quite
find
an
unexecuted,
the
revenue
"3
economy
miles
about
of
most
false
navigation
at
them
am
as
of
plete,
com-
of
the
But
cost
against
represent
to
to
often
but
men
there
is
system
works,
also.
traffic
become
of
which
on
is
refusal
about
cost
eighty
stand
have
been
zemindari
these
the
in the
evils
the
of
of
also
irrigation, promises
The
gap
can
would
miles
there
solely
traffic
sort
same
has
keeps
course,
the
schemes.'
Cuttack
and
works
have
interest
the
many
so
works
the
with
met
is
it alone, without
already,
are
failure
navigation,
the
including
the
inconceivable
the
through
COTTON
of
success
works.
as
water,
ARTHUR
SIR
"
under
review,
yield by
shillings,)
''but
from
the
irrigators
obtain
than
more
of
and
the
the
blames
had
things
of
the
existed
of
in
engineer
in his
says,
increase
to
deficient
the
the
on
water
in
here
also
budra
of
the
in
as
if
two
they
were
entirely contrary
ALL
HAVE
to
will
be
of
value
generally
tion
appreciacanal
that
nothing
which
and
Orissa
siderable
con-
partly
But
over.
the
of the
difficulties
of
chief
conclude
fairly
got
the
instances
THE
the
thus
may
would
show
growing
of
have
the
hand,
have
Tum-
the
because
case,
of
are
state
attributable
of
percent,
returns
Orissa,
in
cultivators
the
to
such
there, which
The
it,
debt"^
his
engineers
other
partly
representing
these
the
If
the
of
irrigation
of
eighty-seven
irrigation
difficulties
these
the
pay
tion
liquida-
is taken
increase
works
the
report,
We
for
then
On
rainfall,and
for the
returns.
and
last
all seasons."
occurred
the
the
prove
to
sure
notice
the
to
money
is
crop
pay
and
Madras,
part of the
justify
can
for
failed.
completely
as
the
no
to
things,
yielded fifteen,twenty-one,
have
; but
canal
failure
the
they
it ; all
fillthe coffers of
to
if reserved
is forced
the
state
with
charged
debt
irrigator
the
is
of
239
by
borrow
to
the purpose^
government
land, he
Such
finally
increase
enough for
when
his
The
rate.
benefit
to
punctually
goes
have
They
water
condition
fields
the
from
MahajuHs,
the
in
not
are
UNTAPPED
IRRIGATION
OF
SOURCES
it is
truth.
SOURCES
OF
IRRIGATION
BEEN
TAPPED.
Again,
in
constructed
in
the
the
three
so
really
We
yards,
twenty-five
acres
of the
of
and
times
we
been
solely dependent
could
it
as
of
out
the
four
not
^See
take
as
a
such
Godavari
about
sufficient
times
much
that
discharges
much,
on
be
not
be
not
rainfall, and,
the
of
waters
further
ized."
util-
things
could
8,000,000,000
irrigate
to
of
fiftieth
C.
perience
ex-
of
200,000,000,000
much
Appendix
from
could
Engineers,
inconceivable
take
found
canals
and
competent
seems
do
tanks
Madras
rice, and
Kistna
be
of many
of
It had
'*
says
that
to
as
rivers
uttered.
cubic
Madras
opinion
It
be
lordship
his
or
30,000,000
dry grains.
part
What
can
Out
be
the
of
use
million
the
tanks.
In
in
thorough
be
could
years' standing,
Mr.
eleven
has
bad
of
supply
crops
must
be
wells
widely
be
to
and
so
the
to
at
rulers, and
under
constructed
so
of
capable
of
stocks
a
can
be
The
been
be
done
half
to
of
our
is
the
only
hold
the
this
years
the
thoroughly
One
examine
be
tanks
so
of these
grievous
to
could
enough
neglect
government
ordinary
large
water
most
in
crops
of
the
into
to
most
very
the
year
never
were
former
now
are
the
from
the
in
becoming
them
the
seasons,
increased
noble
and
This
making
but
as
periods,
past
tanks
and
be
The
floods
tanks
shall
tanks.
fed
no
dig
would
Dams
these
to
grow
They
under
now
were
led
these
and
is that
one
in
1876,
to
we
They
built
are
there
increase
years
lands.
were
tanks
as
two
Not
made
fact
these
growing
one
half.
and
that
difficultyof
also
long
improved.
were
What,
''
"
stored
dry.
were
They
rule
strengthening
By
dry.
they
our
and
1875
in
Pallaur
for
neighbouring
However,
river.
Pallaur
these
has
must
large
846
he
him
We
who
strengthened.
two
of
North
of
to
enable
grain
are
from
time.
previous
any
there
the
ordinary
the
says
that
ought
be
from
of
question,
to
In
and
the
like
condition.
crops,
famine,
water
famines
We
"
country.
to
the
meeting
must
good
flowing
taluks
cultivator
district
water
giving
owing
two
been
has
said
tanks
in
the
this
In
greater.
water
the
this
over
grow
the
to
water
of
way
are
Fillay,
three
the
to
them
Presidency
before
reply
Pillay
kept always
able
famine
best
Mr.
; for
more
no
In
is the
"
seasons
the
seen
through."
opinion,
your
witnessed
to
of India
Madras
of
charge
respect
supplied
Pillaymootoo
he
though
us,
just passed
in
in
years
the
part of them
them
Friend
the
in
of
greatest
of
recent
of
1866, he
and
with
few
very
the
thousands
officer
tells
Arcot,
far
five
enough
But,
only
by
rivers.
Revenue
been
has
and
enlarged,
twenty-six
place
Madras
is water
acres.
Then,
repair.
native
first
In
There
100,000^000
the
never-failing
the
statements?
irrigated.
are
irrigate
to
COTTON
such
making
acres
rivers
ARTHUR
SIR
240
the
raise
to
small
two
native
two
ones
crops."
works
astonishing
first
state
things
has
fects
deto
of all these
SINGULAR
first, to enlarge them,
works, and
with
ample
and,
been
that
works
the
is
of
sort
of
given
lordship
had
this
adds
He
no
they
were
attention
the
been
of
report
ever
what-
account
of
matters
else
no
in
in great
fact
worst"
the
detail.
Sir
that
What
could
if famine
has
EXPLANATION.
the
to
them
essential
last
Moreover,
say
of
these
evers^thing
"
to
on
which
Richard
in
the
in the
be
wet
world
aggravated
sufficient
not
why
is
then
it is made
one
by
of
spoken
the
which
His
the
the
in
figures
of
We
cannot
biassed
lowest
been
in hand,
return,
was
on
four
in
which
of
Nothing.
What
these
State
and
be
can
tanks
are
those
and
the
by
that
of
of
number
in
Trichinopoly
of
an
has
the
the
He
three-quarters,
before
and
in
the
he
we
tion.
operawould
man
states
what
cost
works
Office
As
statement
works
India
the
to
as
Railways.
given
new
results.
to
statements
the
and
Thornton
these
some
and
this ?
nothing.
works
results
adding
even
spent
Mr.
suppose
overstate
to
Irrigation
whole
the
wherever
Grovernment,
our
mentioned
makes
Irrigation works,
to
in
doing
way
connected
about
from
people
tahsildar?
then
the
of
done
permanent
the
so
Secretary
are
Arcot
lordship
returns
Under
works
been
the
than
same
not
for
excuse
the
by
and
ryots
an
they
tanks
ot
with
preserve
defects
grievous
contrast
greater
has
What
the
of
This
to
were
construction
connected
not
were
the
that
clear
was
possible ?
was
had
It
**
Then
famine."
be
pages,
the
Nothing
the
In
REQUIRING
As
was
sources,
the
of
insignificant, is given
had
canals
and
neglect
almost
few
very
be.
if
as
from
water
it
while
directed
mean
filling them
can
hundred
tive,
defec-
generally
are
generally.
works,
goes
famine
the
lands
the
STATEMENTS
Temple
can
these
however
SINGULAR
His
than
eight
importance,
Presidency,
for
thousands
Service
of
Presidency,
works
while
Civil
the
by
they
them
provide
to
fail,for, at present,
never
astonishing
more
241
second,
in which
plan
lastly, to
supplied,
so
are
weirs
waste
rivers
great
STATEMENTS
that
the
supposes
took
them
highest forty
16
the
and
cent,
per
is direct
returns.
districts
where
in
ordinary
He
the
But
transit
Office
if
arrive
water,
official
arising solely
from
from
treasury
the
they
when
or
to
reckoning
and
property
the
results
in
of
the
being
four
and
per
cent,
cent
on
year,
on
the
the
a
that
have
point
of
loss
remaining
the
on
total
;^ 94,000,000,
See
and
cost
for the
they
per
a
of
direct
debt
of
three
per
cost
And
and
half
of
this
life,revenue,
And
returns
are
lands
of
;"'45,
000,000,
cent
debt
charge
upon
the
B.
ing
amount-
gain
and
on
the
together
Treasury
capital, and
or
clear
and
;f67,ooo,ooo,
Appendix
1846,
occurred.^
works
share
saving
on
cost
the
in the
cent
of interest
accumulated
on
thirty years,
leaving
on
revenue
by jf 350,000
ninety
outlay
the
of the
have, since
prodigious saving
in
tainly
cer-
those
to
refusal
which
;^ 300,000,
actual
debt, leaving
of ;f3,000,000
is five per
cent
per
shall
far greater
for
or
before
surplus
revenue
75,000
alone
the
famines
an
India
we
vast
and
accumulation
the
an
two
of the
state
is
works
Railways
with
;f 116,000,000,
to
all the
;"'4"500,ooo upon
cost
"
the
of
given
the
to
shocking
repairs, etc,
;"'4,ooo,ooobesides
is without
owing
raised
cost, equal together
cheap
notwithstanding
against "700,000
for
cent
per
works
about
;f 5,250,000
the
irrigation and
canals,
by
He
of
have
the
and
season.
from
is, that
the
begun,
the
the
added
diametrically opposed
Godavari
averjê
an
transit
irrigation works
were
effects
accounts
districts, there
The
people.
the
the
of the
effects
which
; that
two
in the
people
of
returns
men,
of
of
management
direct
change
be
the
failure
put together the
failure
of
of
prodigious
the
the
must
says
of
conclusions
at
temporary
he
year
lordship's speech
in his
the
the
effects
the
respecting
three
of
we
of
statements
year,
of
This
cent
per
only speaks
and
prosperity
in
half
report
which
respecting
men
and
no
are,
in
nothing
also
says
gives
; to
effects
COTTON
seven
works
increase
incalculable
the
average,
years
enormous
to
ARTHUR
SIR
242
four
"y,soofiOo.
DELUSION
AS
TRANSIT
TO
243
.
THE
DELUSION
ABOUT
THE
this
delusion
loss
is
which
and
the
public
with
country
nothing
have
they
that
they
have
by
their
canals
that
the
loss
miles
thirty
is of
viz.
from
canals
rice
during
statement
that
all the
of
close
India,
This
by
is
only
fervent
the
when
this
the
under
them
The
this
that
be
things,
the
urged
present
wild
as
the
its
similar
He
scheme.
it seemed
to
him
said
one
the
railway
authorities,
power.''
statements,
made
failure
utter
In
not
rash
word
and
of the
wild
time
speech
most
was
the
way
rail-
railways
that
of the
of
though
by leading
now
to
1850,
railways
upon
to
brought
are
really
in
the
transport
charges.
at
to
carrying
that
effects
Derby
off
of
chief
slightest enquiry,
df
Earl
for
the
to
as
This
certain
the
stances
circum-
highest
represented
as
is
two
are
is the
;î6o,ooo,ooo
the
take
to
consideration,
heard.
the
tons
this
them
to
prohibitory
spending
of
"
of
under
were
with
unfavourable
upon
railways,
without
was
men,
against
of
present
to
of
upon
state
1850.
the
railways
undertaking,
entered
multitudes
that
thousand
Here
insignificant quantities
allowed
was
actual
of
ments,
state-
tion
Resolu-
the
statement
Here
put
such
quantities having
road.
of
these
In
entirely
brought
eye
of
side
under
even
strain
supporters
even
carry
by
the
the
one
failed
and
continually
eighty
by
districts.
under
under
collapsing
than
Side
supplies
famine-stricken
the
have
its stations, great
vast
hundred
paper,
less
no
carrying
by plain figures
one
is the
cut
to
necessary
"
there
Calcutta
to
Leslie, all declare
now
we
Mayo,
in corroboration
railway
to
the
within
even
report,
the
Lord
Mr.
Calcutta
late
the
showing
Further,
1876-77.
canals
latter
the
carried
down
navigable
to
it is
supplies brought
carted
that
Burdwan
Midnapur
be
failed
following
"
the
on
and
millions,
the
Bengal,
ties
authori-
they provided
when
of
Calcutta,
as
that
the
of
transit, the
about
transit,
side, and
of
statements
of
so
mischief
terrible
dreaming
effective
Lieutenant-Grovernor
the
to
caused
both
TRANSIT
OF
INDIA.
IN
But
MEANS
BEST
in
protested
at
chester
Man-
practicable
As
irrigation.
misled
being
that
thought
be
for
this
did
of
suitable
What
East
India
said
years,
to
mistake.
that
as
they
the
They
done
are
transit,
urged
as
the
of
there
works,
of
there
lines
times
the
ment,
twelve
the
hundred
miles,
of
; a
the
very
that
this
links.
See
there
probably
immensely
Appendix
the
of
will
D.
wanting
Thus
on
the
already
cut,
and
Ganges,
and
one
Bengal
sum
dred
hun-
Grovemof
distance
of ;f 1,500,000
important
that
miles
ten
total
a
a
irrigation
to
are
miles,
out
expending
effect
Lower
by
calculation
short
cheap
only
give
to
hundred
important
most
of
thousand
and
Ganges,
miles
so
complete
would
the
well
ing
continu-
for
for
many
order
recommended
are
so
Ludiana,
eight
about
more
hundred
world
and
now
as
different
in the
connecting
Sirhind,
in all nine
one
those
Calcutta
projects
miles
of
the
found
reason
executed
in
plete
com-
LINKS.
tracts,
them,
some
And
themselves
men
is, that
already
connect
length
cutting,
Sone,
more
canal
to
India."
be
special
in detached
are,
between
line
which
are
priceless advantage
another
way,
steamboat
short
or
this
in
money
engineer
tried
been
CONNECTING
is, now,
tively
compara-
railways
can
railway
NAVIGATION
But
excuse
for
lines
is irrecoverable
money
so
com^
chief
had
to
and
communication
former
But
traffic),
costly
of
had
we
was
parts, but
suited
this
the
by
not
they
"
not
possible
India
deprive
mine
are
and
time, what
to
of
friend
was,
means
after
railway,
system
So, also,
able
suit-
believed,
that
few
slow
all India.''
over
the
of
in
down
though
inexpensive
extended
wanted,
was
laid
rapid travelling,
that
to
were
heavy
our
He
India.
to
seemed
It
constructed
to
of
danger
railway
was
suited
judges,
competent
mistake.
line
canals
in
were
of
lines
costly
a
we
and
roads
things,
England.
of
(before
equally
more
plete
because
system
were
afraid
was
tion
informa-
give
to
was
great
example
country
complete
they
the
by
to,
two
he
roads
to
attend
the
points,
these
on
COTTON
could
Association
the
things
ARTHUR
SIR
244
could
be
show
how
line,
found
tainly
cer-
in
entirely
SIR
246
The
4.
ARTHUR
of
extension
the
especially
COTTON
those
of
completion
practicable,
wherever
lines
Godavari
the
tion
naviga-
5. The
of
construction
district, where
I must
of
conclude
these
with
works
those
miles
; the
mile
of half
thousand
cost, including
return
last
which
to
as
"2fyx"
AN
of
in
State
will
which
the
give
the
had
for
never
steamboat
of
the
matter,
be
that
had
for
ton,
that
put
was
of
defence
my
to
who
though
should
into
furtherance
had
to
of
of
terms
had
in
the
the
than
more
he
says
and
it himself
project
the
shown
and
treasury,
gated
irrivery
old
fifty
in
the
himself
to
(for
it had
works
execute
and
House
officer
an
practical experience
service
or
area,
necessity,
before
speak
had
ryot
of
been
never
irrigated
an
consequently,
good
millions
tary
Secre-
Secretary
to
the
who
spoken
or
contemptuous
he
being
that
knew
for
man,
subject,
done
he
or
tank,
thorough
practical man,
have
able
navig-
Under
the
publicity
young
grandfather,
most
God
was
whole
his
the
who
pleased
on
of.
seen
in such
be
to
of
years
line
after
that,
where
fullest
canal,
the
world
enough
the
per
penny
that
quite becoming,
was
districts, and
and
and
made
of the question^ the
admits
now
public service,
ignorant
the
DEFENCE.
terms
use,
side
my
me
case
India,
to
necessary
it
of
of
assurance
my
opprobrious
give
Whether
mile
mile,
very
been
PATHETIC
repeat
the
to
present
in
AND
hardly
thought
the
the
on
have
one-tenth
at
carry
APPEAL
need
not
could
Wurda,
ton
twenty
was
open
on
"%ooo
interest, sevenpence,
this
of
way
mile.
spoken
of
the
nearly
canal,
expended
being
fourpence
cent., and
per
river, the
so
one
year
loss
Leslie's
in
or
cost
comparison
Mr.
lines
the
on
charge
actual
is
every
practicable
moment
Nagpur,
carried
the
tons,
this
million
in
railway
quantity
at
especially
at
in
irrigation
earnestly requesting
in hand
sum
of
done
proposed,
now
The
be
can
with
actually
railways.
sixty
it
of
works
new
scores
of
AN
millions
APPEAL
into
the
five
years
Indian
the
for
the
State
it
and
India,
and
he
his
and
should
be
that
in
greatly
thousand
tons
"2fiOO
at
one-twentieth
be
put
left in
the
of
the
of
the
Central
and
'71, Assistant
two
and
of
the
the
of
cause
the
seemed
Works
loss
cent,
of
in
due
life
the
and
to
to
me
whether
and
been
be
in
firom
fever
been
bad
adds,
*'
My
last
of
in
that
the
to
are
or
of
and
year,
aga
in five years
shows
had
been
from
extracts
that
this
Irrigation
the
and
in
cent,
is that
the
accessions
the
in
fever
per
of
the
importance
eleven
geographical position
of
"It
report.
of
eight
the
part
Godavari
the
then
Northem
greatest
outbreaks
into
inquire
officer's
very
severity since
He
are
that
periodical
to
sent
on
point
conviction
tons
Godavari,
and
years
following
the
Irrigated Taluks,
the
was
and
cost
to
districts
Camatic
Wright
completed."
carry
A.
remarks
the
increased
have
have
Taluks,
are
to
determine
district
had
Commissioner's
Sanitary
to
which
Presidency,
Madras
has
fever
and
million
three
or
still
is
canals
upon
few
India's
of
mile
whether
tain
cer-
more
money
Kistna,
India
Surgeon
or
hundred
future
^^9,000
carry
APPENDIX
In
be
whether
Tanjore,
rest
can
penny,
penny,
of
state
state
Orissa, Behar,
one
;"'8,ooo and
to
nothing
cost
to
at
two
upon
tunity
oppor-
an
the
the
for
yet
have
for
case
State
of
honourable
and
can
to
Secretary
the
himself
just
and
present
in
young
Secretary
he
For
Railways,
upon
into
India.
essential
for
Hon.
it but
where
carry
is
something
himself,
the
depends
expended
from
for
of
fifty millions
thirty
accused
cannot
beg, respectfully,
Under
think
several
useful
Right
The
then
answering
millions
of the
an
and
Council,
or
twenty-
Viceroy,
that
their
into
out,
railways
which
point
by
price,
accomplish
even
will
than
the
"
becoming
pointed
his
the
at
or
Council.
he
of
"
247
rather
or
declared
^that
consideration
possibly
that
urgently
now
was
is
ryots,
and
viz.
speak,
to
so
may
is
guantities,
whether
India,''
of
the
had
what
ago,
engineers,
either
offer
who
DEFENCE
Lieutenant-Grovemor
railway
man
of
pockets
and
cummerbands)
AND
average
half
the
district,"and
per
Upper
of
fever
again,
ARTHUR
SIR
248
"the
is
fever
malarious
due
jungles
the
to
registration demonstrate
of
fever
of
the
in any
hill
in
has
taluk,
The
tracts.
dear
very
following
Historical
the
Civil
desolated
The
^^^
1833.
appalling;
The
graveyard,
this
About
the
even
Sir
to
etc."
time
then
Henry
depression.
of
jore, where
he
with
engineer,
of the
realisation
with
concludes
he
And
relieved
water,
(up
changes
had
Again,
of
into
state
desolated
water,
as
of
floods,
account
Irrigation,
of works
system
which
produce,
yield,
saying,
if it
the
to
the
were
with
'*
Tan-
experienced
an
provided
with
to
effectually lead
to
and
from
come
by
such
would
expected
is
incomparably
the
of
commencement
neglected province,
by
Delta
of
amount
from
his
the
execution
be
having
state
large
supplied
navigation."
through
all
these
but
than
better
anything they
enjoyed."
''At
portion
the
might
condition
before
ever
of
Commissioner
1846), they passed comparatively unchanged;
to
their present
the
to
of
far below
districts, that
of attention
results
book,
its lamentable
it firom
officer
great
wonderful
of fertile soil
extent
the
examination
regulation
the
raise
experienced
view
to
long
same
so
special
as
people
one
state
of
thousands
the
Northern
the
deputed
in
into
fallen
of
the
became
said
is
that
that
was
upon
soon
grated."
emi-
or
perhaps
Government,
road
it
want,
Circars,
came
in
computed
was
to
the
there),
season
of
seat
state
done
seen
the
strongly urged
for
sad
be
That
had
daily
1844,
was
could
that
district had
the
generally
what
Northern
the
in
Montgomery
report
the
Northern
great
Again
calamitous
most
being
Madras
victims
fell
the
severe
which
known
terrific,it
was
"A
by
name
commonly
are
in
district.
(the
Morris,
Henry
striking light
the
Circars
misery
crushing
repaired there.
'^
Uie
experienced
been
in
made
population
the
in
place
famine
the
*'but
Again,
will
Madras
of
of
District^ by Mr.
Northern
of
effect
one-fourth
ever
Service,
the
districts
791.
was
Irrigation
of
official Descriptive and
excellent
Godavari
Irrigation has
which
Northern
the
of
Madras
famine
has
intensity
the
extent
years'
B.
the
from
extracts
Account
change
that
five
land."
The
the
to
APPENDIX
of
that
the
over
of
results
manner
relation
no
sweeping
winds
northerly
the
of
COTTON
of
at
impoverishment
extreme
famine,
and
and
misgoverned
it constituted
rule
our
time
one
was
distress.
and
by
it
the
numerous
brought
It
was
land
IRRIGATED:
admirable
the
is the
of
being
is
proved
their
than
as
of
in
developed
of
part
any
district
desolating
as
all the
or
speech
actually
Her
surrounded
about
that,
says
it
Is
The
in
at
that
words
could
of
the
560,000,
and
Mr.
the
last
case
by
healthiness
of
report
any
been
the
more
pletely
com-
gives
the
1^600,000.
census,
under
two
the
where
per
This
is
water
is
taluks.
India,
State
of
had
was
most
subject
as
Monis
feverish
upper
the
in
uttered
preceding 1872,
the
the
said
said
is
Secretary
be
be
condition
This
famine
the
trade
its
formerly
Under
lands
wet
average
of
proof
pretty strong
the
included
and
by
be
cated
edu-
confidently
may
was
is
better
prosperous
must
the
And
facts
the
on
this
and
the
1842
mortality
cent,
In
possible
perverting
population
*^
this
of
famine.
the
it
has
its inhabitants
overwhelmed
which
to
word
and
districts
known,
not
population
Majesty's dominions.''
by
ever
its
of
it
and
ruptcy,
bank-
verge
flourished,
has
degree
revenue,
of
the
clothed, and
better
peaceful, happy
as
prosperity
commerce
Imperial
famine
been
ever
fed,
marvellous
others, but
worst."
its
it is in
that
better
to
was,
contented.
The
Province.
once
material
of
revived.
and
and
prosperous
are
it has
than
being
formerly
as
the
it
249
brightened
has
Northern
great
elastic
doubled
by
asserted
the
UNKNOWN"
introduction, however,
the
people
reduced,
more
than
more
Since
The
of
IS
Irrigation, it
of
S3rstem
garden
instead
has
advisers.
is unknown.
Famine
It
their
and
owners
"FAMINE
rpgahited.
1
take
may
of
subject
and
of
suffice
and
subsequently
have
partially on
has
pitch
been
the
as
irrigation.
laborious
has
believe
no
other
Though
the
name
for
and
just
had
(as they
district
a
idea
most
of
of
itself
water
poured
what
of
succession
are
so
India
suitable
collecting
we
able^
absurdly
was
one
Revenue
Tanjore
as
still),
they
was
the
with.
favoured
when
its
in
faithful, and
called
ever
see
now
it has
as
to
should
we
fully,in Bengal
its management
over
previously
had
this
measure,
cannot
districts
those
Without
the
in
me
water
had
they
Irrigation
upon
raised
unless
more
in
such
the
have
great
and,
favoured
All
rulers.
there, in
seen
was
the
not
even
the
on
with
forced
course,
prosperity
Tungabudra
much
It
Of
words
few
connection
been
governing.
able
Collectors
constituted,
has
would
of
saying
in
matter
Godavari
present
undoubtedly
the
as
effective
and
of
management
experience.
my
without
Tanjore
opportunity
Revenue
Navigation,
course
their
this
were
only
first
im-
SIR
250
thing
portant
could
name
in the
be
for
prepared
etc.
and
for
gentleman,
Mr.
and
India.
there
this
with
and
ryots,
ruin
utter
the
of
made
forfeited.
And
state, that
the
ablest
the
rubbish
for
such
Revenue
the
district
very
said
"
state
But
there
All
of
his
of
Morris.
is wanted
the
laid
of
remains
one
To
Orissa
thing
had
this
to
just
and
give
all
such
for
out
the
for
the
him,
away
field
very
in
by
the
of
clear
to
respect
the
state
described
to
seems
us
Bengal.
in
full effect
he
to
of
for
be
tion
connec-
When
matters^
of
by
ready
now
work
matters.
late
only
instruct
Revenue
to
in
remedy
admirably
me
in
in
that
fully prepared
District^
now,
foundation
complete
look
to
is shown
is
this
just
things
the
left
was
foundation,
which
the
was
almost
entirely, just
solid
soundness
Henry
that
had
laid
so
could
he
that
so
they
robbery
Montgomery,
foundation
Description
thing
with
Henry
Mr.
"
if he
district
the
moment.
the
of
publication
the
this
at
editor
the
try
Henry
ruin,
first
He
man.
system,
found
new
to
Sir
upon
in utter
lay
compelled
owners,
whom
were
district
the
Bengal,
men,
was
who
zemin-
the
its real
this
ruin
the
were
find,
he
and
and
a
that
in
zemindaries
the
was
could
is, everything
that
the
itself,and
end
other
of
the
of
from
away
it to
of
Happily
Government
Council,
land
trump.
Godavari.
of
as
Mr.
of
Forbes,
Henry
there,
has
It
out
influence
consequence
district
the
for
the
present
the
they pitched
Happily
India
and
they
man
taken
ruined
Sj^tem
before,
turned
nor
of course,
out
restoration
withering
the
Service,
came
Mr.
the
in
ful,
faith-
so
exceptions.
exception,
parts
of in
quite satisfied
though,
who
and
ablest
heard
Civil
England,
civilian
the
ever
am
Indian
were
district,a
of officials
shocking
some
Montgomery
coolly
the
the
without
almost
body
in
every
under
zemindars,
called
and
for
been
there
was
or
present
Revenue
the
over
with
indeed,
as
of
state
doubt,
no
met
ever
it,even
years
had
able
that
some
Government
the
and
defects
been
ruling
was
the
thus
great works
I have
much
prominent
had
system
there
it had
healthy
the
in this world
with
Henry
such
Godavari
been
school,
Sir
took
time
that
saying
remarked
Especially
the
their
to
watered,
was
I wish
Directors,
suitable
more
thoroughly
years,
upright
Kindersle/s
dari
is
serious
been
both
at
compare
some
often
And
has
laborious,
to
in
Collector
never
anything
one
Kindersley, who,
And
that
was
India
East
Tanjore
thirteen
faithful
most
the
to
Before
it
COTTON
of
altered
it,for
management,
begun,
minds
now
functions.
noble
ARTHUR
Sir
then
manage.
SPEECH
ment,
and
could
do,
that
was
without
even
Irrigation works
element
in
appointment
the
materials,
which
of
the
despondence,
thus
was
in
whole
that
it
that
circumstances,
as
of
the
raise
attempt
in India, to
lowest
in
to
prosperity,in
India
concluding
paragraph
Henry
Mr.
the
and
everything
would
would
in
be
There
such
is nothing
take
Bengal, which
there
even
talent
in
to
decision
try any
far
to
the
the
main
in the
to
no
be
work
doubt
Sone^
^^Now
make
the
supply of
the
to
the
way
greatest use^
water
shape of
waste,
only
which
river s^ but
while
success
by
quite
the
the
first
far
in
men
in
that
years
is
am
to
set
in
now.
doubt
Orissa
and
persuaded
that
right, if
his
out
year
district
no
in
system
I
or
one
the
It would
yet
Sir
as
Kumool,
to
Godavari
as
the
man
of
out
plans with-
own
most
labour,
severe
utmost
c.
of Bengal
LUutenant-Gavemor
the
be
concurrence
such
few
it
root,
APPENDIX
Speech of
in
and
It
doubt
dreadful
deeper
it would
sent
prevent
allowed
were
But
man
to
out
could
matters
and
root
and
prosperity
world
taken
has
interference.
and
the
there,
of
state
indeed
man
in order
be
If
smallest
the
not
population.
is described
as
book.
found
be
could
of
and
state
chanics,
me-
any
probably
revenue,
Morris's
Mr.
I have
in
such
to
of
Forbes
Tungabudra,
second
the
being
vast
wonderful
the
to
state
such
such
to
district from
the
be
about
and
talent
hardly
slave
was
men
such
out
in
Henry
him
with
were
sunk
were
really essential
was
all
there
bring
to
Mr.
To
carry
like
literally
were
pleased God
of
to
where
population
they
India.
the
was
self-denial, and
tact,
matter
district
tial
essen-
works
Engineers
the
his
small
no
in
it
whom
another
the
of
another
by
under
out, but
it
what
eyes
Prendergast,
Council
all
for
own
Kindersley's school,
Mr.
the
251
followed
was
carried
providing
was
works
and
of
called
for it
utmost,
system
office
his
execution
from
of
He
Mr.
were
effectual
Member
assigned
the
the
of another
late
Forbesy
Collector,
EDEN
with
seen
navigation.
able
and
the
ASHLEY
is water/' having
that
upright
most
SIR
BY
in
November,
science
fortunately
which
and
Nature
supply
thefieldSythrough
we
which
the
drought
is to
1877.
of averting famines
which
on
Sonepur^
at
arising from
experience
hc^
have
these
suggest, of the
can
given
hitherto
rivers
us
in
Behar
allowed
pass, have
to
in
run
been
SIR
252
parchea
and
system
of
for
waste
is to utilise
liable
to
suffered
when
in
years
there
But
it also
seemed
if
will
that
should
you
share
benefit
of
being
water,
that
famine,
thus
and
was
demand
we
which
of
of
acres
the
The
forced
land,^ which
but
year,
produce
this
;;^SSo,ooo, and
would
have
been
canal
water,
but
the
landholder
be
must
give relief
to
''I have
this
system
be the
to
the
this, crops
of
entirely lost, if it had

it also
have
has
outlay, which
his tenantry
been
finest crops
January,
otherwise
been
visitingthe
ever
seen
in
Behar^
by their side
300,000
saw
acres.
were
the
by
or
this
meet
means
200,000
for
The
crops.
the
of
value
the
for
of
on
to
had
country
every
this
again
one
where
admitted
irrigatedfields,while
parched,
[In March,
of
famine.
part of the
in the
and
him, if he
of
what
supply
land, of which
the
of
consequence
introduced.
fields
1878"
fix"m
in
of
was
waste
deprived,
fall
would
to
months
been
rent
risk
;i^4oo,ooo, certainly,
of
not
the
represents
grain
want
not
injurious
luxuriant
value
failure.
place,
remained
have
food
instead
practical proof
and
few
their
of
Sone
canals,
last
with
the
to
had
unfinished
covered
the
took
water,
the
directly
the
considered
otherwise
now
of
we
was
our
open
bear
discussion
for
represents
just returned
uninigated
In
land
the
to
to
are
would
added
water
clamoured
would
which
of
Sone
who
people did
water
then
irrigated during
have
we
the
people
were
and
suspended,
consideration,
of absolute
to
of
with
agree
all seasons,
at
years,
this
late
laige.
at
neighbourhood
the
after
will
people
alone
left
that
Shortly
not
or
prejudicial
told
even
were
whether
be
Bengal
of
public
the
the
came
large proportion
you
crop
that
occurred
upon
few
told
was
sooner
fields.
to
the
good
risk, every
this,
that
the
to
justice,
of
province
out
ture
expendi-
consideration
have
on
of water
a
and
unprejudiced
your
M
of
fairness
believe
should
the
as
laid
tax
subject
the
they would
periodical rains
to
the
to
fair
fair,and
me
assured
proposed
destructive
as
cost
exposed
by
introduction
are
When
borne
to
the
the
fields,and
was
give
of
by
it
without
the
of
famines
such
in
careful
whole
Behar,
be
done
especially
worked
being
are
is, who,
very
the
as
were
and
cost
be
After
that,
Orissa
cannot
question
money.
the
me
the
conclusion
schemes
of
object
in parts
Sone
river
the
Behar,
in
similar
course
and
this
find
the
to
of
the
of
water
comprehensive
large and
water.
construction
Other
This
money,
should
of
want
the
drought
Orissa.
of
COTTON
irrigation is under
which
in
ARTHUR
and
had
1899^440,796
hardly
acres.]
ARTHUR
SIR
254
COTTON
"
India
Railway
cheap
coal
that
hundred
it costs
six,"
that
the
railway,
Thus
six
over
while
that
or
sad
effects
but
feel
it themselves.
then
opened
to
charge
for
mile,
cent
river
of
of
the
Chanda
this
is five
and
the
this
Wurdah
at
the
of
with
be
light
of
railway
men
the
is
that
how
Mr.
Jones
Now
the
can
say
of
their
the
from
is
the
that
is
rail
by
all the
coal
so
way
dividends.
This
Bombay,
if the
Godavari
could
cotton
"$
about
;^7oo,ooo
be
from
the
railways
Upper
been
difference
Godavari,
in that
Wurda,
I do
about
and
have
For
been
is
pound.
completed,
or
j"if
Manchester
the
sums
;"soo,ooo
whole
all
Nagpur
10^.
not
think
from
thoroughly
which
will
not
half-penny
for
care
cotton
upon
carriage
urge.
of
you
to
was,
to
deal
cotton,
part, the
might
cotton
on
great
important
very
the
of
reply
shareholders
charge
^^^^
toCocanada
pound,
on
cost
had
Chairman's
mile, which
"^'c
^^
consider
of
actual
per
makes
io^-"
already spent
the
upon
ton
conveyed
would
sixty miles
charge
Navigation
halfpenny
manufacturer
for the
of
expense
charge
with
Our
2^.
charge
heavy
proceed
our
themselves
men
enormous
the
And
point
we
reducing
line is about
the
the
in
surplus
many
unless
the
by
the
delicate
railway
the
see
of
subject
is,that
forethought
saving
on
carriage
the
railways.
rather
to
hampered
own
the
on
excessive."
to
that
by
compared
this
of
end
large portion
thus
are
their
this is
Now
over
they bring
they
carrying by
get
The
find
curious
very
stating
and
transit?
by the
this line, in
them
relieve
to
the
infatuation
the
put
per
carried
be
Chairman,
the
Government
mile
transit,on
to
of
one
Railway,
might
could
respect
complaint
of
cost
coal
What
with
the
of
the
were
England.
It
All
mile.
per
the
and
;^9,ooo
;;^2,oooa
of
cost
The
cost
the
to
line
new
line.
their
opened
pits
of
cannot'
the
line has
part
coal
for
data,
themselves
expensive,
"
penny
than
the
opened
good
on
proceedings
burden
from
from
proceedings
present
the
line
the
on
They
by
from
This
mile.
complaining
brought
ton.
last year
very
of
stronger
shillings a
thirty-
us
ton
men
coalfield, fiftymiles
could
tenth
being
coal
so
us,
carriage by
of
transit.
railway
to
costs
miles
railway
of
costly
halfpenny
the
cost
the
returns
estimate, prepared
it
high
the
speaks
On
than
of that
transport
shillings,it
six hundred
more
the
it very
makes
six
curiously enough,
see,
the
miles,
company
little
us, is that
to
is, thirtyshillingsfor
we
He
is dear
Company
line
of
of
spent
gation
navi-
abundantly
WASTEFUL
METHOD
completed
carried
for
with
out
proposed
improved
the
Thus
the
cheap
of
carrying
admit
of
the
works.
like
miles
how
the
from
rivers
by
in
divides
his
land
and
under
88,622
tanks.
and
method
be
might
and
five
makes
Again,
'*
"
granite
from
silt
is
of
larger
ranges,
of
irrigation,
even
they
were
the
interest
manure
for the
of
their
to
of
use
as
Government
land
or
high
charges
the
Rice
results.
inch
of
depth
the
is
land
fifteen
acre.
per
rivers
from
wastefiil
present
that
of
the
of
watered
are
total
cent
per
shillings
convinced
being
The
is about
land
two
land
four
gated
irri-
lands
quarter
one
about
is
Government
heads
about
only
larger
principal
area
crop,
which
daily is consumed,
the
water
it contains
the
manurial
value;
hence
silt
It
no
is
manure
ryot
much
who
unwatered.
find
Some
as
the
the
that
as
are
whilst
properly
not
possible,
it is
and
regulation
the
under
crops
good
it is
the
now
as
evidently
cultivate
and
altogether different
have
as
and
applied,
water
more
Now,
water,
frequently derived
qualities,
applied,
since.
does
who
water
the
appears
thirty years
the
is
as
of
where
twenty
are
unirrigated.
deprecates
inasmuch
proportion
railways
feet
12
doubtless
we
their
irrigated
the
land
equal
one
But,
to
thus, also,
the
three
and
it pays
of
water,
months
depth
the
with
treated
for
dry
is
; but
Robertson
fusing
obliged
District^ 1876.
into
of Government
Mr.
of
kind
rent
the
acres
effectually
are
Suferintendent
Coimbatore
report
any
average
shillings,whilst
About
of
cultivation
The
revenue.
the
tanks, by wells,
irrigation
under
area
executed.
E.
Robertson^
Mr,
Madras^
Robertson
Mr.
the
at
be
second
alL
at
Report of
Farms
coal, and
interests, need
And
that
quantities
the
both
the
to
utterly incapable
small
have
they
land.
by
APPENDIX
Extracts
would
other
that
first
were
railways,are
all
been
stopped,
were
works
minor
the
works
finished
and
barrier
They,
hundred
report
moving
third
had
railway cheap
terribly troubled
are
even
the
255
works
the
railway,
Godavari,
by urging
six
this
from
the
works
of
giving
the
men
main
their coal
see
for
transit,and
cany
miles
leaving only
their
Godavari
Wurda,
water
railway
injuring
the
sixty
on
Upper
works,
year's navigation, if
when
even
spent
stored
barrier
whole
WATER
anything like efficiency,when
; and
;i^5oo,ooo
have
the
USING
OF
to
ninety
the
per
cent
quantity
of
is desirable.
water
the
water
two
tons
would
superior
be
to
Again,
"2
districts; most
there
often
The
varies
in
time
interest,to
the
"
something
over,
now
might
that
hoped
be
to
be
the
lead
may
May,
While
fever
raging with
loans
the
from
SenargatL
of
the
in
Fever,
mortality
hopeless.
he
for
but
has
says,
is ineffectual.
he
turning
despairing
raj does
eyes
in
not
send
terrible.
is
needed.
of
rates
Works
?
and
for
profitable ;
It is
sinking.
hope
may
the
province,
are
raging
people
are
In
gives
He
as
baffled
their
Government,
them
medical
the
by
of
and
fever;
and
villagersare
wondering
aid.
and
violence
heartless
the
the
not
statement
no
quite
distress
spondent
corre-
Sharulia,
with
there
be
to
villages
several
Mitahari,
half.
of
state
also
it seems
Calcutta,
parts of the
of
the
and
F.
hohirajes
to
and
progress."
the
native
often
years
we
been
The
different
downfall.
reasonable
sufferings, which
and
year
and
useful
way
million
precarious,
well
specifying
represents
quinine,
beneficent
says,
the
November,
of
many
picture
metropolis,
epidemic
an
in
in the
help
of
most
the
prevalent
sad
oi
by irrigation. The
at
number
be
of two
extremely
make
permanent
so
from
crop
appreciable
any
immediate
done
severity
some
draws
far
is
feet
cost
waterings,
and
"But
APPENDIX
"
letting,
sub-
the
each
36 inches
to
are
would
fearful
to
that
twelve
or
October,
certain
increasing the irrigatedarea

and
of
natives, upwards
crops
Government
oiOf in
system
as
sufferingis widespread
the
paid
be
ten
inches
17
concludes,
the
cannot
and,
acrej
together without
drought
reviewer
The
Why
of
cultivation
twenty
altogether unaided
are
is,that
consequence
very
the
found
raised
was
the
for
falls in
months
are
water
from
this
of
pernicious
is
6d,
"r.
land
occupied
registered
as
"2
to
that
of silt
Although
manure.
Robertson
Mr.
ragi requires
or
of
about
ton
one
to
middlemen.
shillings an
"Unfortunately
"
of the
rain
four
cholum,
is
the
when
about
was
cost
acres
experiments
watering
used,
happens
the
Irish
receives
irrigated lands,
occupy
it often
the
land
were
equivalent
to
that, according
of
acre
only
an
owing
better,
From
"
cumboo,
total
each
who
ryots,
resembles
''
Again,
wells,
calculates
water
dry farmers,
whit
one
each
the
the
to
the
replaced by
of
which
of
Robertson
Mr.
of silt ; if half
position
not
COTTON
generally employed,
have
the
ARTHUR
SIR
256
why
SPEECHES
Another
**
informs
correspondent
suffering severely
has
Application
divisional
epidemic
from
been
officer
to
made
officer
the
the
the
sub-
send,
to
medicines
of
supply
October.
of
to
authorities
been
has
middle
inhabitants
proper
and
Halishahar
since
fever
the
257
that
us
by
move
medical
SUPPORT
IN
porarily,
tem-
the
to
place.*'
fevers
These
the
to
the
of
sea
in
water
Godavari
and
Had
with
season.
If the
water
be
might
it
"
possibly
father
here
what
which
from
chronic
certain
large
means,
so
feeling
defenders
in
other
in
yield
taken
the
made
discussing
the
and
to
prevent
that
railways had
He
better
but
the
India
herein
right
the
start
per
cent
or
eighty
of
their
great things for India
money
or
He
;
in
partisan
any
yield
famine.
of
men
railways
to
cent,
per
commercial
whether
calculated
irrigation
on
strongly deprecated
recurrence
done
is
expendidure
that
question
the
It
and
In
preserve
assertions, embark
these
the
for
arguments
capitalists and
enterprise?
both
FAWCETT.
of seventy
the
not
to
and
from
House.
essential.
is
revived.
stated
return
did
who
an
were
return,
its
of
the
in
speakers
This
be
HENRY
was
irrigation
aware
be
them
it
asked,
splendid
completely
Cotton.
statements
to
know
would
he
have
"
Support
by
the
famine,
are
why,
cation
communi-
this
in
immediately
When
works
it is in
as
SPEECHES
village throughout
convincing,
projects.
MR.
of
streams
are
said
his
must
should
reader
regulated,
Its arguments
wanting
was
and
steps
employed
were
and
every
would
Arthur
not
was
him
against
pollution,
satisfactory.
Sir
give
every
monsoon,
circulated
widely
PARLIAMENTARY
and
monsoon,
entirely subdued,
almost
public opinion.
My
the
during
flowing through
would
in the
filled
Cranbrook
it
reasoning
live
people
irrigationworks,
of
?rant
Tanjore.
Lord
changed
the
to
pits, and
drained
were
fever
the
year,
dry
the
properly
firesh river
the
in
collected
they drink
the country
the
in which
mud
filthywater
which
actually owing
are
works
of
profitable
quite
was
but,
17
on
the
other
hand,
some
works
irrigation
all the
doubt, had
railways had
had
with
MR.
should
Why
England, and,
if necessary,
it is that after
"
than
is
There
many
this,that
particulardistrict
exception, in
for what
India
there
has
What
is that
population
coming
of
and
with
it with
of
vast
the
means
the
Chairman
stood
not
showed
the
care
consider
the
need
I remember,
vast
in this House
and
"
that
duty
was
in
Company
whole
of
to
for the
had
the
has
the
and
1857
the
in the
territories
their neglect
Now,
same
which
I have
pure
have
we
only
it
say
late Mr.
is
the greatness
Mangles,
Government
in India.
works
^that the
fourteen
were
no
Corporation
years
of
more
East
throughout
subjected
doubt
is
James Hogg,
Indian
public
"
lation
popu-
been
and
Sir
that
ago,
to
the
the
spent
vast
regard
spend
of abundant
"
the country,
insisted that
to
;i^20,ooo,ooo, what
or
years
or
means
authorities
some
of
is
and
precedingfourteen years, spent

good of its own
population,than the
had, during
works
the
are
Company,
1856
works.
running through
expended
extent
with
that
English Government,
great rivers
;î6,ooo,ooo
India
then
or
it
be
failed in its
public
India
but
India
in
But
the
to
sum
heard
East
Manchester
in
whole
no
hear
with
surroundings
it
I believe there
have
We
of the
up
âs
still the
;^2o,ooo,ooo;
we
;^S,Soo,ooo to supply
population subject
"
almost
alone, with
allowed
be
to
its immediate
and
there
such
on
without
;^2,ooo,ooo already,
ask
to
We
no
over
is necessary
Manchester
of
spent
now
got
famine?
almost
spent
of
years
soil,yet
the
^^ 16,000,000
town
has
of
in
get
India, how
then
than
water
and
supply of rainfall,
;î 6,000,000.
of
The
and
through,
year
sufficient quantity of
it when
or
no
express
have
irrigationworks.
provide
to
town
can
particulartimes, and
at
cultivation
that will be
irrigation,and
had
more
500,000,
that
200,000,000
and
except
there is far
in India?
;^3,5oo,ooo more
we
hundred
one
drought,
the
Parliament
to
the
get from
can
"
is
there
way,
some,
for
part of the country, stillwe
;;^9,
000,000
of
we
as
possession
But, take
tsên
been
evidence
as
of
i$ required for the
step has been
water,
such
failure of water
no
appointed
be
such
years
of this very
possession
further
so
same
failures,while
BRIGHT.
JOHN
this Committee
not
the
in
success.
ascertainingfrom
of
purpose
paid, and,
not
disastrous
been
attended
been
COTTON
ARTHUR
SIR
258
to
whatever,
their
not-
BY
MR.
been
said, and
SPEECH
be
said, of
Indian
of
take
book
that
the
there
what
to
There
much
regard
in
India
of
think
matter
should
you
the
the
terms
that
have
[in which
the
they
would
necessary,
irrigation works
for
for
asked
Hackney
is it that
Why
or
has
eighty
London,
and
There
and
will
I
are
Government
their
under
to
of
the
for
like
man
any
old
control
of
English
have
great
it
do
not
companies
ment
Governdoubtful
very
better
had
do
Indian
The
It acts
Indian
ment
Governis not
which
that
of
India,
this
the
money
doubt
no
city
go
pocket
India.
The
Company.
expenditure
not
will
cent
per
companies.
independent
these
do
He
than
country
asked.
the
or
it
it
do
"
as
member
seventy
from
make
but
have
public
guarantee
to
him,
hon.
they
form
which
other
the
why
who
without
any
not
traditions
objects
wise
in their
put
country
India
in almost
does
the
upon
be
employ,
to
no
desirability of
the
pay
am
such
persons
will
were
The
other
gentlemen
this
into
gress
proArthur
spot
Manchester,
and
circumstances
are
it would
thinks,
of
capital
hon.
in
which
people
with
the
in
money
These
it,he
tell
moved]
be
to
Sir
for
"
the
famine.
of
schemes
great works,
people
no
expend
whether
the
these
is
that
further
believe
on
simply enquire
these
of
some
enquiry
stated
to
me
in
neglected
what
should
you
Committee
question
elsewhere,
establish
fair
and
want,
shows
enquiry
regard
"
India.
he
lord
an
believe
that
even
prevention
the
cent,
per
or
profit ?
if
should
full and
ordered
What
you
or
"
noble
having
matters
some
is, not
wants
had
India
for
been
find
men
in
which
has
The
irrigation.
of
will
will
done
in
the
on
members
be
Chesney,
much
rely
of eminent
may
doomed
the
not
the
remedy
firom, they
scores
what
how
irrigation.
of
authority on
that
to
of
say
may
of
duty
and
if hon.
but
what
find
I will
and
quoted
and
and
done,
State
as
works
Cotton
If
of
lord
the
to
come,
Colonel
of
question
the
to
must
alone
to
it is
possible,
possible,
done,
be
be
if
going
was
evidence
Secretary
made
I
to
may
way,
noble
the
"
ought
is the
how
the
which
evidence
finances,
Cotton
Arthur
Sir
their
it is
259
notwithstanding
famine
course
I believe
But
authority
some
of
possible,
die.
of
in
Government
must
as
condition
the
if not
but,
has
what
withstanding
BRIGHT
JOHN
if it
were
...
possible
before
the
of the
the
to
bring
all the
House,
fault, whatever
mismanagement
it would
with
connected
facts
be
it
is, of
of
the
shown
the
that
failure
Government
of
the
very
that
in
Madras
scheme
large proportion
scheme,
connection
has
been
with
it.
SIR
26o
Everybody
Government
its
and
I admit
that
should
one
do
the
best
do.
they
pay
their
the
failed.
nothing
to
Government,
India
in
expenditure
that
say
for
the
to
work.
the
India
it should
them
to
take
Sir Arthur
other
it will
be
which
say
"
made
irrigation works
clearly
have
to
water
get
not
to
myself
:
rid
except
come
great
heard
there
have
but
that
of
by
famine
works
what
be
may
impossible
the
to
weight
him
been
with
say
of
of
"
must
irrigation than
any
lifetime
and
of
them;
to
the
highest
what
to
as
confess
his
that
there
the
is
He
have
is
think
tion
quesis
authority
one
willing
been
many
raihroads, in
from
You
ask
not
has
House.
irrigation.
in
He
the
have
I do
discussing this
that
comes
anything
India.
in
shall
Cotton.
done.
after
this
Arthur
in
of
mistakes
if famine
you
Sir
says
opinion
while
than
more
of
he
"
saved
;î,ooo,ooo
do
can
honour,
what
the
worth
be
India,
works
of
they might
in
attention
the
absolutely
almost
"
with
the
Committee
forty-fiveyears
undoubted
and
have
to
I have
lived
for
out
that
the
they
opinion
the
or
given
most
done,
difficult
ought
mistakes
"
be
him,
with
the
believes
he
to
necessary
has
He
if
and
Commission
in connection
of
man
character;
has
Cotton
engineer.
is
he
by
might
that
cases
probably
anything
I have
question,
opinion
information
more
done
it
had
expend
to
intends
lord
this
my
that
know
noble
be
duty,
cent
or
which
many
afterwards
year
therefore,
clear
not
examine
thoroughly
to
as
I do
If
say.
But
lives, and
as
shop
possible
per
;î,ooo,ooo
that
of
ten
it
spirit in
are
be
or
Manchester
another
there
not
get
but
;î,ooo,ooo";
Government,
in that
it would
shall
We
I believe
of
State
treat
in
exactly in that
with.
probably,
human
of
Secretary
which
lives
the
save
open
that
irrigation
of
merchant
should
he
dealt
expenditure
of
or
It is not
'*
of
the
million
be
say
the
daresay,
in
discussing this question, always
house.
to
hear
to
whether
which^
Government
like
will
just
much
cases
works
be
which
but
persons.
in
fail
vast
or
who,
men
three
or
may
in London
considering
mercantile
two
There
not
in
question should
in
I do
shopkeeper
was
the
and
quoted
of
reasonable
who
but
position,
had
Secretary
another
their
works
were
who
in
can
lord
Under
if it
charges against
noble
people
it is not
any
that
of
millions
hundred
two
therefore, perhaps,
The
irrigation
that
of
which
afiairs
the
managing
bring strong
they
difficulties
tremendous
in
population
and
the
have
must
country
that
admit
must
COTTON
ARTHUR
water.
have
of
want
You
the
the
water,
cannot
rain
from
1
SIR
262
centre
of Indiai to store
water
it down
country
let
to
scheme
Provinces.
in the
been
in
the
and
having
found
had
marked
country, he
*'You
make
can
assertions.
having
physicalconditions
effect
That
until he
India
the
was
to
China
the
fact that between
feet
and
high,
simplest thing in
the
the
the
thought
form
not
was
right hon.
saying
companies
done
in
so
in this way
by
had
send
had
done
they
cent
or
of
been
lost,or
the
hon.
hundred
per
cent.,
GENERAL
said
he
the
Under
had
heard
SIR
with
so
for
that
as
Cotton.
Arthur
Cotton,
Having
and
had
many
having examined
Birmingham,
India
could
work
to
They
out
had
not
invested
money
the
Government
Hackney
had
alluded
now
Cotton
to,
yield eighty
had
per
asserted.
BALFOUR
remarks
had
from
Sir Arthur
regret the
would
He
for
because
it would
GEORGE
the
was
he
cases.
only recouped
Secretary for India,
Ardbr
to
money
in many
ao,ooo
of this country
people
out
member
satisfied
not
were
the
of
pointing out
matters,
member
works,
irrigation
case
which
means
and
the
that
and
their projects. They
the
gentleman,
or
said it
important subject
great and
Water
oblivious
19,000
these
in
Cotton
member
thing possible
While
locks.
make
to
the
was
pointed this out, he
Sir Arthur
justifiedin
not
was
this
that
He
mountains
were
Cotton
countries.
easiest
countries.
there
world
the
was
into
projects equally wild.
said, great
it
two
somebody
of
unreliability
admit
Arthur
the
them
when
of his
were
them
Sir Arthur
right hon. gentleman,
his
these
there
carry
the
evils,and
between
to
They
out
that
saw
of
said:
found
to
work
had
another
Sir
for all
heard
and
he
was
were,
canal
by
There
panacea
make
last
which
it impossible
simply
three rivers
there."
and
them, they
never
had
map
lake
on
the
reservoir,and
or
the
examine
to
had
He
two
on
data
no
made
resuscitated
and
were
men
gone
the
was
was
there
into
which
Birmingham.
for
that
had
Cotton
obtained
They
projects, but
regard
circle
his
it.
to
large reservoir,a grand
that Sir Arthur
found
place
to
in
That
of
Cotton
Sir Arthur
proposed
information
Commissioner
Chief
that
he
where
country
map,
found
and
drought prevailed.
when
as
rainy season,
the
during
there
him
to
He
obtained
never
taken
the
on
submitted
was
Central
had
COTTON
ARTHUR
made
which
noble
lord,
to
Sir
years'acquaintance with
Sir
the
with
the
works
reference
which
he
had
SPEECH
SIR
BY
made
in Madras,
being
justly chargeable with
believed
the
him
which
he
would
Sir Arthur
Sir
Arthur
who
had
done
India,
to
who
had
Arthur
Cotton,
known
Sir Arthur
who
had
utterance
that
charges
Under
censure
he
blame
of
assigned
he
faith
believed
it could
been
made,
greatly due,
believed
examined
appoint,
the
he
the
was
the
in
the
Richard
Madras
asked
if carried
after
all
derived
into
Government
the
of
that
work
annual
an
and
was
have
paid,
the
the
yet
independence
matters,
proposed
was
mismanagement
of
out
carry
of
There
which
This
only ;;^270,000,
of
revenue
State
matured,
though
the
ject,
pro-
have
;;^25,ooo.
to
Sir
and
would
came
the
tanks
repair.
out.
to
on
of
parts
many
Government
of
for
He
these
it
cost
Secretary
not
member
large number
to
takes
mis-
management
irrigation work
one
Government
been
work
India
this
the
effect,would
had
expenses
from
only
Presidency
good
great
the
about
In
thoroughly
were
shown
not
of great
which
undertaken,
bad
great
and
the
themselves.
man
was
empty,
Cotton
doubt
and
officers.
were
Irrigation
be
had
the
The
itself
to
No
judging
there
that
be
of
some
Arthur
Committee
Select
would
for
gentleman
of
hoped
Madras
Government
Temple,
Presidency
Temple
hon.
the
to
Government
reservoirs
Madras
they
tigation
inves-
Cotton.
works
that
given
have
Government
mistakes
right
the
show
would
the
country
the
but
quite capable
before
of
part
Sir
on
the
was
proved
if Sir Richard
that
the
particular
the
said,
integrity, and
were
it
be
he
he, and
as
the
Arthur
about
Sir
had
When
ground
no
throwing
well
as
never
which
one
gentleman
him.
on
was
remarks
the
as
had
Birmingham
would
Irrigation Company.
Madras
the
did, he
against Sir
But
Company
services
as
attacked
had
hon.
great
factor
bene-
friend, the
hon.
Campbell),
man
great
His
if the
was
posterity
to
work
failure.
he
been
country.
there
of
view
the
had
and
made
had
genius
down
passed
made
failure.
the
to
to
were
that
been
with
had
been
ever
before
up
single
he
him,
to
that
had
go
Committee,
found
had
his
him
the
by
Secretary
Company,
in
with
be
he
that
say
and
worked
made
it would
made,
would
would
had
(Sir George
he
believe
mighty
people
Cptton
Standing
blame.
not
of
name
Cotton
the
to
was
and
but
attributed
executed
the
Kirkcaldy
for
those
his
did
man
for
and
he
great things for that
done
member
was
much
from
had
Cotton
Cotton
free
263
Sir Arthur
far from
so
mistakes
the
that
say
that,
say
entirely
be
to
House
could
he
BALFOUR
GEORGE
the
The
clusion
con-
papers
SIR
264
laid
before
project
the
House
matured
was
THE
ITS
of
absence
of
COMMITTEE
of
ITS
smallest
what
which
to
before
Sir
the
his
approach
Arthur
Cotton
Committee
and
the
total
statesmanlike
in
was
the
never
tion
examina-
long
subjected
was
ciation
appre-
itself,were
in the
was
which
RESULT.
aims
to
than
displayed
1878:
ITS
high
irrigation really
conspicuously
more
OF
METHODS,
with
sympathy
the
the
that
showed
zSyo
all its details.
in
CONSTITUTION,
of
in
Commons
SELECT
Lack
COTTON
ARTHUR
as
witness
of
outcome
the
debate.
Upon
Committee
this
Parliamentary
Under
Chairman
of
Commons
Indian
Minister
Denzil
Hon.
W.
Cross,
N.
Massey,
Lancashire
Under
; Mr.
for
afterwards
in
for
director
War,
and
an
merchant
Mr.
R,
Mr.
Edward
Mr.
owner
of
Vans
of
coal
; Mr.
and
Under
Sir
Mr.
Madras;
Mul-
manufacturer,
Dunleath
in
a
Smith,
Stanhope,
in
Birmingham
linen
Eustace
John
ter
barris-
an
Agnew,
(afterwards
; Mr.
merchant
shipowner
and
Right
Irish
Lord
as
had
the
subsequently
Ulster
peer
Scotland.
Mr.
Duff,
Governor
of
a
in
banker
Grant
son
and
retired.
Bart,
and
created
England;
M'Kenna,
a
Parliamentary
Hardcastle,
Lloyd,
India
Smith,
State
Joseph
eldest
holland,
Eustace
Sir
who
Temple
afterwards
India
of
Trevelyan,
Richard
builder
ex-Indian
an
Guildford,
; Mr.
India
Mountstuart)
Secretary
stage,
for
Sampson
Sir
(now
Sir
and
ot
sented
reprea
experience
C.
Sir
cotton-spinner,
Secretary
Manchester
varied
for
to
secretary
who
was
Campbell,
George
member
Onslow,
private
of
Sir
student
"
Dod,
to
House
ex-Cabinet
Childers,
according
who,
exceedingly
an
been
of
and
pointed
ap-
the
of
yacht-owner,
was
diligent
Hugh
Ashbury,
railway rolling stock";
Mr.
Hon.
who
Leader
now
the
Hamilton,
India,
Fawcett,
Right
James
civilian, with
for
Balfour,
Henry
; the
Brighton,
of
Mr.
; Mr.
George
Secretary
; Mr.
affairs
Lord
sat
afterwards
Joseph)
ironstone
the
North
landed
at
Mr.
an
prietor
pro-
early
Secretary
Pease,
way
rail-
mines,
and
SIR
GEORGE
Ernest
Mr.
Noel,
Here
slightest
Indian
Sir
in
mind
his
so
passage
Central
year
he
proposed
on
On
rocky
be
a
and
the
part of the
was
natural
the
on
outlet
discovered,
himself
to
worked
up
dent
is eviIn
Campbell,
the
by
of
it ;
part of
of
the
on
Godavari
highway
greater
scale,
in
obstructed
construction
also
schemes
the
which
the
examine
to
great
the
enormous
basins
upper
magnificent
the
I found
matter
channel,
a
of
system
would
be
I found
also
that
the
flowed
west,
not
east
side,
Bombay
and
other
surprise,
my
out
his
that
not
on
Sir
river
that,
even
a
bulky
traffic
its
surplus
Madras
the
the
great
A.
Cotton
but
only
the
but
products
to
projects,
of
and
"
had
of
could
navigable
valuable
As
Bombay.
stretches
which
expense,
so-called
the
portion
great
great
very
that
really long
were
river
the
at
made
proof
India
make
and
during
cure
the
cotton
judge
This
irrigation
barriers
whence
at
Provinces
wanted
and
the
canalising
year.
mittee.
Com-
derived.
by
and
; as
George
to
course,
Godavari
done,
were
Central
only
this
on
direct
of
great
utterly unnavigable
scale
is
Sir
by
wanted
water
into
surmounted
this
of
be
to
was
of
large
Of
was
already
there
unprecedented
an
sat
concerned.
was
for
its
to
looking
barriers
there
service
Government
He
affluents, from
irrigation
''
the
proposals
deficiency
resorvoirs,
its
the
engineering.
had
who
one
But
by removing
the
of
by
throughout
commerce,
and
had
had
"
Provincea
navigable
of
be
Career^
appears:
Cotton's
the
of
Indian
directed
was
A.
of whom
one
them
have
to
might
questions.
my
not
irrigation
as
his
Sir
of
one
not
experience
he
position
far
of
fairly representative
irrigation
ought
witness
the
Memoirs
"
with
Campbell
a
from
this
single
Committee.
nation,
our
W.
Baptist
Campbell.
George
was
of
265
Rev.
the
to
administrative
As
he
and
Englishmen,
acquaintance
Geoiê
Sir
; not
Hon.
added
character
engineer
actual
the
of
body
composite
an
of
son
subsequently
was
of the
was
Noel,
were
OPINIONS
CAMPBELL'S
had
on
small
of the
grain
coast,
their
reservoirs,
had
merely
if
never
drawn
266
SIR
lines
the
on
any
real
the
safety
and
map
of
and
I
of
there
dropped,
and
has
Arthur
with
several
doubted
for
I
it
scale,
system,*
ported
re-
afterwards
was
tide
as
he
and
turned
prophet,
inseparably
which
it
very
accordingly
regarded
works
if
even
another
The
be
mous
enor-
ambitious
risk.
be
to
without
already
less
the
creditable
very
on
always
must
had
we
revived.
ceased
name
proposed,
scheme;
been
not
Cotton
his
though
incur
whole
the
greatly
necessity
great
to
against
very
he
that
irrigation
no
there/
impounding
as
seeing
of
anxious
not
was
such
water
was
them
embankments
; and
system
that
Sir
whatever.^
prodigious
practicable
excellent
COTTON
said, 'Make
examination
quantities
were
ARTHUR
connected
carried
in
out
Madras."
That
is to
Committee
register
to
condition
of
Provinces,
the
Cotton
under
with
the
one,
"
India
hostile
wide
Cotton
have
George
say
been
this
(of
for
by
Campbell
un
as
in
of
the
the
(June, 1900).
and
And,
and
no
.
this
there
per
great
at
in
have,
cent,
the
and
within
of
time
necessity
the
when
and
yet,
this
for another
biography,
auto-
!
may
be
deliverance
Sir
in
George
been
years,
system
two
district
one
note
necessity
great
provinces
people
it ;
his
Cotton
cathedra
four
Arthur
seen
in
charge
...
very
Sir
have
no
the
tion
irriga-
Committee
heard
Arthur
ex
system,
yet,
relief
"
Sir
of
of
the
the
repeats
and
Provinces,
**But
spot,"
very
of
two
narrow
extension
this, had
1878
1892, he
forty
Government
.
in
of
acquaintance
by
wrote
the
at
say,
referring to,
famines,
receiving
reservoir)
excellent
system.*'
was
he
Arthur
idea
the
other,
manifested
when
Central
Sir
an
Presidencies,
condemnation
an
give
general
Viceroy's)
testify.
which
on
but
what
these
witness's
the
various
1891
the
and
trustworthiness
...
another
destructive
are
value
Already
very
there,
up
The
judged
'*
the
Campbell,
written
*
of
Commissionerships,
Sir
days
will
range
towards
in
Campbell,
three
irrigationally,
attitude
Chief
Geoiê
the
is the
people
examination
throughout
of
survey
was
things
Sir
by
With
word
(the
the
on
irrigation,
conclusion.
"
terrible
"
sit
not
regarding
famine-stricken
ruled
general
facts
foregone
did
Campbell
the
let the
consequences,
George
ascertain
to
simply
Sir
say,
is
penned
!
"
All
throughout
Rooms
of
scene.
Those
the
House
the
Probably,
his
at
Committee
a
him
all
of
mastery
the
hostile
of
him.
before
did
he
cover
never
they
contrary,
his
needs
in
set
this
him
to
put
manner
varied
fully
so
when
the
on
striking
details
the
tion,
examina-
Cotton
questions
;
more
Committee
occasion
single
no
horse-shoe
the
to
as
agine
im-
windows
under
Arthur
regeneration
on
in
of
proximity
Sir
the
may
large
witness
embarrassment
out
Committee
interiors
members
near
did
The
bring
to
the
Indian
range.
caused
served
in
certainly
wide
once
for
plans
these
containing
inside,
time
no
the
lighted by high gothic
which
stenographer
267
readily picture
can
know
not
room,
while
of
anything
Thames,
assembled,
so
do
the
ROOM
Commons
of
table, around
shaped
forth
know
square,
overlooking
are
who
who
big,
COMMITTEE
COMMONS'
wonderful
wholly
similar
dis-
localities.
It
desirable
is
restoration
of
expression
in
the
first
the
nine
Mr.
Grant
the
Blue
equal
an
find
of
act
synopsis
Book
record,
of
his
to
justice
of his
to
evidence,
enable
will
the
adequate
justice
act
for
plans
should
an
as
India.
members
have
day
the
been
to
was
advance,
their
who
notion
members
Mr.
statements,
of
is
this
the
Fawcett
how
mistake
asked
be
(and
to
was
of
Considering
each
public
duty
that
heard
so
or
many
were
Sir
of
list
who
Arthur
force
of
the
Committee-man
examined),
be
Mr.
M'Kenna,
Mr.
and
the
only
being
Joseph
in
June.
Pease.
ances
attend-
questions, and, therefore,
some
Committee
much
Sir
20th
Committee
Stanhope,
present.
the
apparently
Childers,
Edward
India
towards
absentees
Mr.
there
Childers
Thursday,
on
was
constituting
Mr.
Duff,
seemingly,
must
had
and
Fawcett,
; Mr.
for
as
of
present,
were
But,
in
India
to
examination
day's
sixteen
Balfour,
Mr.
from
Cotton's
done.
The
Of
Arthur
Memoir,
character
excerpts
be
to
the
this
suffering people
with
Sir
prosperity
and
foresight
that
and
would
it does
their
witness
not
and
absent.
Cotton's
know,
much
say
of
sense
such
of
sibility
respon-
important
For
example,
most
practicality might
cogent
have
SIR
268
been
given
the
than
More
George
witness
generally
remunerativeness
while
India
all, were
Hamilton,
his
''
from
as
of
Chairman,
his
opinion
returns
asked
as
describe
to
give
to
direct
or
for
in
questions,
Lord
the
did
Commons.
hundred
inviting
India, and
in
of
Cotton.
by
began
COTTON
afterwards
he
House
nine
Arthur
Sir
what
to
of
member
ARTHUR
experience
the
regards
public
works
in
India."
The
Direct
1.
not
not
the
importance.
been
the
and
two
and
wealth
India
of
but
good
large
they
population.
"The
2.
India)
3.
is
and
Transit
have
far
from
want
Striking
comes
before
From
The
feeding
transport
Nay,
changed
that
trict
dis-
results
are
so
upon
obtained
and
of
the
people
(of
before
per
was
me
Times
from
of
whilst
the
of
August
India,
10,
by
consider
portant
im-
irrigation
India,
from
Madras
in
and
this
MENT
IMPROVE-
fact, that
in
portance!^
im-
ten
to
districts
therefore, solely
present-day
proofs
written
of
awful
transit."
confirmation
that
in
MATERIAL
perished
enough
of efficient
that
THE
this
have
cent
food
views
my
before
us
less
hardly
are
"
IN
and
India,
have
there
of
cost
QUESTION
twenty-five
while
of
district
no
effects
be
of
drainage.
proper
irrigation.
so
OF
"We
works
state
in
other
only
perfectly astonishing."
PRIMARY
THE
such
Such
always
but
condition
believe
year.
man."
states-
Tanjore
revenue
the
utterly inadequate
than
*'
can
by
the
to
The
to
of
are
important,
safely
may
Food
promoted
healthiness
we
secondary
are
but
raising the
people
by ;f330,000
increased
has
of
before."
attained
ever
is
taken
under-
Government
company
of
means
as
nationally
instance,
millions
prosperity
"
the
returns
For
"
principal
quarter
"
private
works
guide
of direct
amount
relative
have
of
points
public
sufficient
position
The
of
from
returns
are
in
these
embraced
answer
of this
1900,
Sir
experience
chapter
I
quote
Arthur
are
to
the
being
the
Cotton's
following
old
end
same
corrected.
munication
com-
comrade
SIR
270
Railways,
all
the
COTTON
compared
as
traffic
Water
ARTHUR
of
traffic
with
canals,
districts,
prosperous
is
conveyed
unable
are
convey
great
cost
cheaper
than
land
on
railways
at
save
much
very
to
a
traffic.
Enormous
have
sums
with
compared
been
"
1876.
70,000,000
;f 3,000,000
interest
as
irrigation.
To
Railways,
expended
per
loss
on
Irrigation,
" 16,000,000
gain,
annum
net
money
;f 500,000.
of
yearly,
expended.
[If railways
(which
interest-paying
of
have
would
"So
4-
far
completely
and
the
protected
there
;f 5,000,000.]
extend,
from
death
supposing
stead
in-
works,
;f 3,000,000,
of
works
people
for
reason
of
revenue
irrigation
our
no
net
deficit
in
equal
they
famine,
by
will
have
they
always
not
that."
do
"
fundamental
this
In
NAVIGATION
available
that
for
cultivation,
the
In
North-
the
has
increase
the
''This
is
security
supply
'*
In
penny,
This
and
been
the
This
is
India
increased
See
intercourse
supplied
in
pp.
the
interests
282-284.
altered
of
with
the
is
with
as
at
acre
an
in
Orissa
drainage,
of
forage,
the
the
such
the
competing
boats.^
passenger
very
boat
life of
cheap
for
miles
eight
carried
crowded
are
reckon
etc."
water,
are
was
acre.
per
abundance
the
passengers
were
15
20
to
and
transit, the
drinking
(1900) being
now
Rs.
cheap
canals
Rs.
by
grain
water
used
we
Provinces
at
floods,
perfect liberty of
If all
the
the
Godavari
in
put
wholesome
of
THE
AND
river
when
Godavari
Western
been
river
in
"
crop
besides
from
and
SUCCESS,
productiveness
it increased
least"
irrigation
FAILURE."
of
increase
to
THE
COMPLETE
COMPLETE
As
particular
BEEN
HAVE
RAILWAYS
been
as
have
we
being
been
irrigation
to
power
there
had
nothing)
produce
the
trict.
dis-
passenger
licences, etc.,
railway only just
have
structed.
con-
RAILWAYS
WHAT
where
transport,
down
put
in
his
hour
boat
own
the
wait
to
estimate
do
"
do
not
They
do
not
do
"
"
"
"
touch
They
do
not
They
do
not
provide
wholesome
They
do
not
prevent
fever
They
do
not
create
short,
In
mine,
they
1.
Fever.
in
the
country
to
their
answer
of
of
passengers
and
cost
debt
drinking-water
is
what
and,
of
because
armed
sible
impos-
be
patrol
cannot
you
while
men
tant
impor-
most
it will
disturbance
the
suited
this
is,
at
of
water
irrigation
"I
have
had
others,
from
the
all to
at
said
engineer
railway
to
ordinary
to
friend
in
if
as
want
great
as
railways
no
of
of the
circumstances
moment,
carriage
of
isted"
ex-
:"
lived
life
all my
myself,
the
fields
paddy
of
attack
of, an
knew
or
in
fever
irrigation."
called
Efflorescence
2.
of
them,
chief
never
and
beast
running."
system
Objections
or
their
of
country
case
trains
India
complete
the
traffic
in
not
are
what
by
interest
protect
as
and
country,
the
drain
is
man
traffic, either
pay
with
impossible
rather
enough
local
the
do
traffic
great
They
them
having
do.
traffic
perceptibly
to
be
any
purpose
not
without
stated
do
cheaply
carry
point,
''
for
goods,
or
"
the
carry
be
they
food
at
confer."
must
what
by
either
boat,
goods
speed,
and
up
travel
to
station, it would
271
taken
free
or
any
it would
provide
not
at
railways
not
do
and
DO
be
was
passenger
to
go
than
They
They
night,
of
do
not
main
''
or
any
benefits
the
**They
by
or
one
every
or
train
effects
The
"
day
for
to
they
and
NOT
could
passengers
anywhere,
of
"
the
DO
reh.*
"
never
an
saw
instance
of it.
f
^
At
this
general
to
revenue
;"24,658,649.
'
Reh
accumulate
the
time
(See
is the
in
the
pay
remarks
vernacular
the
which
amount
soil
guaranteed
at
name
and
had
the
in
subsoil
close
India
waters
had
to
interest
of
for
this
be
found
from
no
less
was
chapter.)
efflorescent
of
the
than
large
tracts
salts
of
which
India.
SIR
272
is
It
no
ARTHUR
quite
more
death
on
reason
railway
abolishing
for
wells,
England
*'At
works
of
in
India
for
argument
an
in
address
an
'ÂU
the
converted
matchless
fertility and
protected
them
from
from
to
the
produce."
the
Governor
irrigation
into
disaster
Madras,
out
of
scenes
have
and
the
been
of
great
tracts
wealth,
have
rivers, tanks,
diminution
any
ryots
other
the
to
of
millions
twenty
years,
1877, said:
have
is
least
of
without
Madras
than
irrigation
up
is
therefore,
here."
hundreds
TheTrichinopoly
of
in
end
one
irrigated
and
giving
produce.
from
acres
things and,
for
railways
Diminished
3.
exceptional
an
COTTON
for
of
ever
recurring
droughts."
Refusal
4.
of
Water.
we
have
works,
of
difficulty
When
this
In
the
and
Upper
other
and
diminish
revenues
evil
from
in
carbonates,
the
and
of
where
long continued
and
waters,
acid, falling
constituents
either
to
the
is
bases
free
concentration,
and
over
on
and
above
porous
of
region
chloride.
brought
for
subsoil
drainage
outlet
of
in
the
accumulate
this,
the
down
water,
rain
the
of
else
for
so
course,
finely
of
intense
minuted
com-
in
or
the
with
same
salts, by
these
subsoil
carbonic
its mineral
formed
only
the
are
evaporation,
decomposing
of
salts
decomposition,
soil
of
magnesium
addition, of
water,
salts
rivers
The
and
charged
water
effect
or
on
of
region
the
proportions
formation
ultimate
the
In
soil,has
carrying
of
which,
materials
position
decom-
the
India,
In
more
tion."
sugges-
consisting
down,
contain
or
and
practical
calcium
of
mitigate
traversed.
strata
principally
conditions.
is not
the
perity
pros-
attention,
solution
in
general
from
Northern
down
carry
Ball
which
of
Oudh
usar.
to
of
deal
derived
of
case
the
how
less
or
are
of
of
published
more
sulphate and
includes
suitable
there
and
the
consist
silt which
been
character
the
supplying
under
good
matters
taking
sodium
minerals,
salts
subject
Himalayas
solution
or
the
have
saline
affecting
As
in
and
called
are
attracted
information,
with
and
alluvium
capable
papers
the
any
sterile.
is rendered
kcdlar^
as
lands
*'
country,
naturally
and
the
vary
carried
the
rocks, and,
descending
so
has
known
affected
the
of
Primarily
which
is
land
the
extent,
III., 696) writes
of
salt
serious
Geology^
trustworthy
'*
to
of
of
instance
single
one
thousands
of
kind."
India
of
reports
less
had
efflorescence
Punjab
the
numerous
In
only
this
place
parts
{Economic
or
takes
"
in
few
solution
inches
or
SEVEN
Great
5.
is
India
is
no
there
273
Canals
Navigable.
After
giving instances,
all the
on
would
be
six
lines
main
hundred
of
the
In
objection."
serious
means
The
"
without
miles
lock.
of
Evaporation
6.
IRRIGATION
making
locks, therefore,
by
Camatic
in
mistake."
the
of
cost
Locks
of
Expense
This
"
TO
OBJECTIONS
Water.
This
'*
is
quite
ficant
insigni-
an
matter."
Great
The
7.
'^
It
Cost
has
Upland
nothing
of
millions
in the
Districts.
Grant
this.
the
hundreds
of
with
do
to
acres
the
Indus,
in
of
plains
still
Brahmaputra,"
the
Ganges,
of
capable
the
being
irrigated.
Answers
of
extent
land
only
assertions
with
Godavari
and
sur"ce.
underground
free
surface
the
'*
was
has
had
have
tracts
effect
the
by
Medlicott
the
No.
amount
purity
of
saline
matter
of
canal
water
its
to
contiguity
the
water,
m\s."^
has
; but
of
level
the
been
the
so-called
to
and
superficiallayers
fact
that
of
by
the
passing
where
and
to
the
table
of
subsoil
without
is
were
into
increase
Economic
of
salts
Products
in
jurious
in-
explained
irrigation,by comparatively
an
in
rendered
which
brought
Thus
saline
increase
has
waters,
in
tive
compara-
an
which
oj
increase
owing
of soil
direct
in-
Government
direct
been
large
The
fully explained
the
the
saline
have
With
especially
been
extent
an
these
so
innocuous,
followed
Dictionary
case,
rain
deposit,
of
irrigation water,
raised
extent
paradoxical
apparently
canal
with
this
porates,
eva-
permeates
cultivation.
has
is inconsiderable
operative,
great
In
comes
be-
by deep drainage
reh
of
Records
and
by vegetation."
of
result
So
again
so
the
of
occur,
out
the
1864).
addition
had
drainage,
this
{Selections from
capillary attraction
previously
produced
xlil, p. 32, of
has, by the
water
has
admit
amount
thrown
"
impossible.
accompanied
not
the
consequence
which
action
Mr.
Indiay
in
been
increasing
of
length
becomes
evaporation
when
water,
ground
attraction
at
not
revenue
furnished.
the
which
would
from
protected
canal
Irrigation by
soil,this
the
of
capillary
would
Tanjore,
there.
out
cultivation
which
drainage,
well
by
remains,
of soil that
washing
and
through
water
efBorescence
in
to
being
surface
the
rises
works
returns
carried
works
When
saline
salt
actual
disproofs
no
the
and
superficial layer
the
the
made,
this
dry,
profit of
to
as
cultivated, and
the
below
feet
objections
to
the
pure
ficial
super-
of India^
400-401.
18
pp.
SIR
274
have
Why
the
head
expensive
works
begun
allow
ends,
and
effect
anything
Sir
the
executed,
middle;
link
the
then
tion
distribu-
the
canals
the
unite
to
The
"
were
and
them
refused."
was
authority
of
quite
was
Campbell
Geoiê
failed
far
so
been
in
independent
from
Orissa
having
stopped
to
wholly
opinion
COTTON
in
works
both
them
[A
works
were
at
ARTHUR
the
and
different
of
members
the
Committee.
"As
it
which
from
this
the
which
scheme
its
of
always
did
of
1865-66
;f 1,500,000
Government
of
period
amounted
Prior
in
crop
of
in
and
be
canal
fifth
miles
been
two
Thus,
afforded
at
in
the
disaster.
*
Hon.
A.
of
If the
Deakin,
canal, by
to
region
the
other
no
all,
after
greater
spasmodic
works
M.L.A.,
had
in
cost
effort
been
Irrigated
are
of
thousand
hundred
dearth.
would
save
undertaken
Indian
duce
proIf
would
the
be
protection
permanent
to
be
which
four, this
than
two
can
one
of
means
any
but
which
upon
another
there
ciency
defi-
are
seventy-five
and
floods, and
like
locked
were
years
hundred
upon
or
there
which
State
nothing
commanded
upon
or
transported
increased.
much
in
from
seventy-seven
can
has
its stead, three
protected
are
acres
saved,
be
the
received.
was
To-day
acres
the
excess
there
people.
the
by
depended
failed, from
failed, and
and
During
revenue
province
if this
fifty thousand
can
crop
all
moisture,
and
hundred
raised
year
before
starvation
one
the
the
one
famine
The
made
all
whole
the
works
these
of
trophes
catas-
rendered
people,
remissions
twelfth
these
remainder.
the
save
ruption
inter-
district, in
million
one
the
years
nearly
to
to
one
thirty-six
to
of
one
to
formerly
was
;f 1,000,000.
at
of
lives
the
cost
valued
crops
the
to
population
floods, in
The
disastrous.
the
of
density
the
and
any
from
Subject
district
When
view
and
aspect.
the
of
point
regarded,
droughts,
of famine.
occur,
destroyed
season,
occasional
verge
terribly
them
be
another
assumes
to
is another
can
communications,
the
on
"there
says,
investment
floods,
frequent
he^
happens/'
pp.
be
spent
life and
gate
miti-
with
286-287.
this
FOOLISH
would
alone, they
end
failure
in
has
be
have
they
aspect
an
been
in
CANALS
re
successfuL
pronounced
their
fully justified
and
theory
in
275
In
such
existence.
the
and
prophecy,
The
success
fact."]
Foolish
evidence
lines
proposed
Sir
said
the
Jumna,
single
this
at
ports
be
will
thrown
salt
and
wish
our
are
doing
with
with
middle
give
1
for
canal
The
nadi
this
and
ever
inanition
as
if
they
increase
of
undergo
the
that
line
whole
of
revenue
on
year
the
pay
canals."
of
with
our
command
contrast
distressful
condescend
borrow
or
canal
half
and
other
lesson
from
The
over
between
condition
Cuttack
connect
has
vast
a
left
been
vast
the
headworks
tract
see
vast
provinces
our
with
very
the
stir
what
Upper
eighty
they
miles
Mahain
the
irrigation, which
country,
provinces
could
we
means."
and
might-have-been
of these
if
of the
of
Commissioners
and
part of
thousandth
to
our
dark
some
for
do
to
learn
to
provinces,
own
Calcutta
uncut
The
of
country
any
Vould
tracts
Travancore,
could
we
Governors
up
''
these
;^ 100,000
friends,
them
from
doubt
any
ought
manure
world."
be
of
spent
native
our
the
coaling
burnt."
would
Provinces)
be
works."
I do
**
poverty
expenditure
million, has
public
from
There
sea."
to
to
of
being
change
in
little State
The
of
hardly
to
all
tons
that
alone
revenue
of
say
hardly
can
interest
instead
(Central
open
"There
provinces
were
land
"
sea
the
and
completed."
ought
millions
hill, and
Sutlej
from
the
of
between
of
sign
the
obstacle
Surat
line
watershed
the
nearly
and
to
such
is
and
the
to
"The
mountains
the
on
between
natural
moment,
venture
underwent
these
canal
serious
supplied
"I
the
line
of
range
coast
thing*'
the
as
to
as
evidence/'
in
stated
is without
Cocanada,
Madras,
"
such
is
Committee
the
to
been
west
Warda
same
which
on
is not
to
the
just
the
no
the
and
there
and
is
given
It has
"
*'that
east
there
"
Poorna
it is
of canals.
the
Godavari
been
had
Arthur,
between
the
EVIDENCE
are
predicted
in
1900
chained
now
in
is
1878
and
appalling.
SIR
276
quite
to
small
the
then
and
then
nothingy and
of
tract, and
Calcutta
from
COTTON
ARTHUR
the
extends
canal
the
works!
at
failure
the
that
incomprehensible
it not
Is
with
chained
is
engineer
delta,
of the
stops in the middle
miles
sixty
to
...
imbecility should
such
''
canals
have
"2fioo
cost
;f9,000
for the
country.
Think
of
miles
railway,
and
of
this
complete
for
Replying
the
remarked
has
"20fiOO
been
the
for
year
authorities
the
of
to
this
money
from
million
only
with
cannot
be
the
an
munication
com-
for
"
of
answer
witness
ally
incident-
WOULD
YEARS
of
FOR
HAVE
AGO,
the
BEEN
before
district
;f750,000
found
very
It
them
for
first,have
would
to
induce
complete them,
and
thousand
;f 100,000
the
great
would
have
for the
out
acres
YEAR
WHOLE
THE
YEARS,
after
now,
PER
TWENTY-
IRRIGATED
year
in
they yield twenty*

cent
IF
FIVE
are
ordinary vigour.
hundred
seven
works
the
whether
is
irrigated.
are
GRANTED
BEEN
labour, and
revenue
in
nothing
on
only dispute
thirty-twoyears,
SEVEN
to
Now
"700,000
and
success,
them
carry
day
which,
twenty-eight, or forty per
DELTA
found
being completed
obtain
to
years
works
their
seven,
HAD
sixty
(canal)
Godavari
the
one
ways,
rail-
replies thereto:
Hamilton,
while
of
be
main
his
highest value,
prodigious
To
for
on
statements.
and
effort to prevent
most
"
him
to
returns
thirty-two
a
the
:"
every
taken
of
main
George
of the
enormous
spite of
witness's
Lord
to
great length and
^The
expended
not
and
part of the
in that
could
miles
hundred
questions put
of the
some
four
being
money
then
"
much
So
"soofiOO
one
"
completed,
railways
petty
way^
carried
mile, against "2OfiO0
while
this
of Benares^ and
out
all but
are
in
road
be the result ?
[navigable] works
The
the
and
executed
would
stopped^what
the works
with
dealt
built
another
ntilesând
hundred
been
Calcutta
at
had
railways
station
the great
"
the
Suppose
shown
be
''
rise
in
been
the
cost
of
yielding
last twenty-seven
opponents,
has
who
the
most
longest experience
[of
what
of
judge
men
before
them
''Are
"Are
famine
Has
been
the
"
Did
million
of
Madras
of
know
how
would
their
cut
to
alter
the
of
questions,
undertaken
it
Here
is
date.
"
stopped,
again
for
ment
Govern-
the
by
any
the
A
the
"
But,
work
to
twenty-five
moment,
when
he
the
entering
not
wrong
but
"
Sir
"Yes,"
had
neither
Why?
dissatisfaction
to
that
is put
years
ago
and
gone
then,
then
not
navigation.
and
.
did
Committee,
again,
stopped
works
was
much.
Godavari
of
marised
sum-
obtained,
was
twenty-five
years
it is
admit
the
large
great
which
anticipations
much
with,
not
cut, how
statements
years,
questioner
the
estimated
on
to
reminded
from
did
be
the
admission
sanguine
he
the
upon
twenty
an
noble
returns
kernel
gone
last
man
asked
Hamilton)
pressed
was
At
realised.
they
the
as
"
could
concerning
preceding
consented,
been
chiefly
witness
help
not
Arthur
last
the
statements.
did
had
the
pay,
in his
famine
forward
one
worth
food
"
Especially
in
of
addition
human
the
brought
George
(Lord
above.
then
of
expenditure
matter
the
of
an
did, saving
where
or
and
wealth
in
revenues
by
of
works
were
which
"
the
crop
midst
famine
canal,
of
"
the
facts
these
Chairman
number
on
fifty-seven years' practical experience,
that
The
Madras,
raised
irrigation
in
skeletons
have
been
raise
in
money
Supposing
after
set
moment
the
of
death
and
cent
ever
Company's
who,
has
this
at
and
Bengal,
fifty per
j^5oo,ooo
"
fever
Madras,
railway
any
wise
he
railways, rolling
on
of
and
Godavari
Bengal
spent
revenue
hundred
India]*
in
cannot
which
figures
thousands
of
from
districts
railway
and
then
far
by
"
freedom
in
of
districts
have
plenty,
and
and
Kistna,
hundreds
the
millions
had
"
of
about
man
irrigation engineer
any
facts
plain
has
and
successful,
talking
the
with
victims
one
is
Tanjore,
strewn
he
whether
considered
justly
be
been
certainly
knows
"
it not
may
COTTON
ARTHUR
SIR
278
with
on
just
off,
at
the
the
populous
country,
it
WAS
is put
GOVERNMENT
faulty that
is at
that
against
the
his
**
What,
with
compared
Although
"
have
have
may
"No,"
the
navigable
said
the
at
It is
is of
no
Erie
canal
the
time
that
is it not,
going
"
on
"they
had
upon
and
insist
to
seem
may
not
canal
that
"
would
it would
no
am
have
been
have
not
wanted,"
been
The
of
tone
still less
rid
of the
no
manifested
in
of
the
the
word
of
have
no
them,
for
eyes
In
the
of
or
the
intimate
and
On
improvement.
the
recognise
some
to
throw
wants
make
"
connection
upon
utterly unequal,
or
contrary,
there
state
the
or
no
aid
people
of improving
of
the
afforded
by
themselves
the
roads.''
most
roads,
the
sense
of
or
munications
com-
their
as
of
the
task,
to
to
detailed
very
and
Government,
the
their
necessarily
promote
communications
the
seeing
unwillingness
manifest
make
to
to
no
who
real
of
state
anxiety
state
or
is
for
any
of
on
who,
or
of
such
is
the
those
evidence
real
the
for
absence
mote
pro-
roads,
there
suggestion
entire
is
of
or
between
any
disposition
reported,
the
or
look
hand,
districts,
tion
questo
interest
want
but
them
the
no
instruction,
disability, which
revenue,
the
cannot
other
of
in
officers,
the
the
their
ment
improve-
in
respect;
of
effort
afford
of
of
they
on
no
Orders
real, wretched
Collectors
improvements
anxiety
the
and
or
and
this
which
Government,
is still
observable
zeal
draw
they
with
of
backwardness
social
in
vital
and
reports
is exhibited
the
admonition,
short, these
of
part
implies,
of
it i"
decisive
of
hope
interest
forth
which
eyes
these
indifferent,
are
removal.
the
their
disapproval,
real
districts
feelings
reality daily before
and
year,
these
conspicuously
call
to
their
pictures
in
sympathy
any
No
the
on
any
most
papers.
improvement
Government
encourages
is evinced
anxiety
The
round.
year
in
transit
of
line
States."
of
object
whole
particular
any
that
months
United
Orders
The
the
seven
the
the
hereafter.
get
of
at
suppose
open
only
coal
carry
to
is not
is open
artery
to
mistake
that
satisfactory
is to
obliged
quite
value
great
less
are
what
Warda
very
not
are
time.
by
contractors.
engineer,
is
not
authority.
"We
the
certainly
"
possible,
for
that
appear
the
Unfortunately,
''
play
stand
can
not
and
is
undaunted
prove."
to
it
engineer
What
does
fair
grounds
That
the
Government
Indian
good
whatever.
prepared
had
said
grounds
had
unreasonable,
very
It
engineers
the
you
failed.
have
railway
to
been
they
on
indeed
279
that
say
you
have
estimates
irrigation engineers
as
and
altogether,
to
stop
BLAME?
TO
which
small
an
they
SIR
28o
Did
**
ever
;Ci,ooo
The
if any
been
further
In
Ganges
canal
it,and
used.
railways.
What
of the
canal
returns
nothing,
at
canal
middle
in
And
not
even
actually yielding three
now
rapidly."
On
General)
F.
^*As
Rundall,
place
Midnapore
places
as
six
only
the
Benares,
had
activity
on
of
and
by Colonel
(now
day,
found
since
"
one
inspecting
the
opposite
such
canal, though
that
in
from
ply
from
boats
it had
said
boats
plying
all
Patna,
Irrigation,
of
that, when
mention
delta, is
most
Rundall
which
in
manner
ing
end-
and
the
increasing
minute
it Colonel
and
with
actual
the
Calcutta
heart
be
to
that
with
Inspector-General
In
elapsed
cent.,
valuable
then
and
the
The
defects
Calcutta,
done
do
from
in
per
from
had
to
got
**
allowed
not
were
they
diose
most
work
essential
six
miles
sixty
half
may
other
Dacca,
months
the
another,
canal
and
R.E.,
of
river
town
Committee.
tht
to
great
the
said
witness
had
Supposing
point
illustration
an
distant
latter
before
placed
was
this
H.
the
canal, carried
this
in
costly
construction
and
the
had
world
the
the
point
carried
delta.
far
country,
it with
was
of the
had
they
accommodate
to
Cawnpore,
to
connecting
Orissa
the
this
of
ask
to
traffic, although
kept
years."
brought
locks
The
in
ended
which
twenty
was
the
in
had
if
paid
unpopulated
of
cost
"
proceeded
have
an
"
miles,
pay
and
so,
centre
built
elucidation
canals
would
besides,
for
on
was
of
mile
country."
of the
navigable
midst
"ifiOO
as
canal, ninety
lay
that
great
'Ând,
hanging
three
the
any
had
traffic
the
across
whatsoever
in
little
as
Godavari
admitted
from
stations
the
only
stopped
away
in
admit
railways
been
right
witness
cost
and
mile
You
"
Kistna
the
Yes,
"
canal
any
COTTON
ARTHUR
been
opened
past
year
through
for
traffic.
''The
considerable.
hundred
"
On
of
been
tons
the
On
the
Orissa
'^
No
yet
canals
lifted
tons
tons
between
million
about
one
there
have
two
hundred
over
nine
on
per
Godavari
lifted
were
thousand
two
has
been
has
been
traffic
of
hundred
two
very
ninety*
and
three
eight hundred
thousand
moved.
thousand
one
''
probably
canals
Calcutta
thousand
one
are
the
have
*'
the
there
canal
Ganges
carried
tons
during
canals
miles.
On
tons
the
On
thousand
one
the
eight
length
hundred
and
hundred
two
miles,
ten
and
or,
twentythe
at
rate
mile.
canals
a
been
of
three
tons
figures for comparison

available, but, during
per
with
the
hundred
hundred
and
thousand
seventy
miles,
or,
at
the
rate
of
mUe.
the
railway
for
the
current
first half-year of 1872, six
year
hundred
DREAD
"THE
Do
''
last
really
you
twenty
India
been
the
actuated
transit
finished
These
only
any
railways
say.
tons
obtained
one
Later,
Mr.
in
the
tons
Sampson
per
Fischer, R.E., respecting

he
the
of
mile
the
during
having
traffic
on
received
gave,
if
pressed
thousand
one
railway,
equal
an
the
year,
the
What
and
of
Indian
same
and
1"
view,
or,
the
some
tons,
boats
length
by
carries
be
East
railway,
of
half
Lloyd
and
this
over
the
on
mile
second
thousand
evidence
lifted
canal
million
two
must
accept
were
per
Why
"
stultify the
which
goods,
that
not
miles
eighty
hundred
carrying
railway
tons
ments
state-
heard.
of
"
added,
and
could
these
at
it would
railway,
tons,
the
to
and
about
the
you
point"
passengers,
thousand
hundred
was
Have
P"^
Because
"
Bengal
thousand
forty-six
traffic
cheap
what
not
had
he
transit
scornfully
Eastern
affront
five
sole
he
Chairman
about
is
puzzled
what
cheap
reply
is the
with
swarming
two
the
think,"
hundred
and
have
of
ask,
It
much
believe
dread
man
the
The
facts.
are
was
not
came
Only
of
what
Lloyd
; that
terrible
nected
con-
State,
dread
the
Council
the
of
it, the
put
you
irrigationally?
could
Readily
two
as
and
Secretaries
the
official
every
Department
all
say
Sampson
should
and
for
facts."
; he
side
and
by,
anything
are
Mr.
Works
that
think
you
Viceroy
281
"
"Yes,
"
Public
TRANSIT"
that
say
every
generally,
CHEAP
to
mean
years
with
of
OF
giving
of
amount
total
lifted
year."
with
communicated
the
Godavari
the
following
Colonel
canals,
to
port
supfor
statement
1877-78:"
1.
2.
Number
of
Number
of
cargo
3.
Register tonnage,
4.
Timber
rafts
5. Tonnage
in
6.
Ton
licensed
boats
passenger
120
.
boats
licensed
i"67i
boats
cargo
36,01
3,639
536,672
canals
12,658,265
mileage
i
7.
8.
''The
twenty
day."
Value
of
cargoes
Navigation
number
boats
of
took
estimated
or
declared
3,696,502
4^496
receipts
passengers
out
is not
licenses, and
given,
these
carry
but
on
one
an
hundred
average
and
fiftya
SIR
282
further
for
statements
Perhaps,
East,
canals
of
the
incident
has
been
fail at
its
either
official
The
force
increased
in
''Early
which
1893
systems
completed
formed
the
statement
in
in
Ellore
Canars
the
between
the
Ellore
but
have
be
foot-note.
in
remained
canal
(1898)
now
been
(State) Railvây
Coast
East
the
of
the
order
that
the
it has
been
to
in
later
be
may
that
what
March, 1893),
31st
year
that, in the
traffic
shown
the
idea
some
canal
Kistna
and
Godavari
rivers, and
two
railvây on
prohibitory
of
arrangement
which
the
of
use
and
^^^
that
without
the
traffic
well
as
eflfectingthis, the
the
to
in
Godavari
committee,
force
Godavari,
it could
a
before
Kistna,
considerable
most
river
who
and
canals.
locks.
an
matter
recommended
on
or
line
ways
almost
in
was
reversion
statement
Coast,
the
Many
being
The
oi
Kistna-Ellore
the
favoured
East
of
events
of
Cocanada
1883 (see
began
enhancement
all
at
consisting
and
its officers
successfully compete
not
or
Cocanada
and
when
opened,
canals,
Ellore
Bezwada
between
Cocanada,
Godavari,
toll at
referred
^^"6
complain
for
the
urged
railway
^^^
Bezwada
and
1896
in
because
It cannot
text.
the
the
in
; it is
carriage,
water
charges
were
on
of
164-165,
^^
to
canal
which,
168, and
is
"
canal
between
''The
the
Here
1896-97.
^
with
intendent
Super-
(/".,ist April, 1892,
1892-93
the
Madras.
embodied
or
years,
the
pages
cannot
below.
efifect of
on
1883
fifteen
Cocanada
to
of
in
portion
opened
was
therefore,
1899 by
full in the
in
that
along
runs
in
p.
proceeds
explained
as
on
appendix
an
of
Hamilton
George
Press,
begins
sanctioned
upwards
The
cheapness.
India, and
published
I quote
narrative
rates
for
work
to
way
rail-
him.
I find
importance,
when
water
Lord
for
Government
the
which
relegated
was
is
authority
narrative
'^
interest
to
of
State
dence
evi-
navigation
treatment
while
1898,
of
Secretary
least
My
The
in
occurred
that
showing
against
protected
Government,
British
biassed
to
the
in
change
things
submitted
subject
be
to
under
be
still
are
has
by
all
and
given,
were
little
how
even
here
may
the
which
"
show
to
immemorial
as
COTTON
tenour.
same
of
ARTHUR
page
to
166),
Buckingham
INCREASING
canals
treated
were
navigation,
with
enhanced,
in
and
1883,
would
some
have
also
those
not
reach,
would
which
and
portion
be
the
forced
wiser
ably
in
Hughes,
dated
canals
services
for
railways,
of
kind
each
get
combats
the
unless
4I pies
than
railway
'"The
tons,
72^000
traffic
fell
per
ton
bulk
and
delay
Nevertheless,
per
taxed
England
many
of
as
traffic
between
mile,
'in
'to
is
railway
exposure
practicallyall
the
was
of
and
the
get
the
on
he
says
Cocanada
by which
the
at
to
the
salt, cotton,
time
by
fair
canals,
for
less
"
in
the
1896
canal
charging
the
Godavari
and
here,'
carrying
this
amount
goods
profit on
is 'felt
it
cannot
boats
handicapped
was
certain
for
system
traffic
regards
at
rivals to
direct
same
railway
Bezwada
nearly
but
the
prevent
As
canals
the
canals.'
through
to
the
railway companies
the
the
in
than
that
and
adopt
the
the
to
which
any
the
treat
to
return
complements
is
all
I*"
remuneration
country
State;
'that
mile.'
The
and
of
per
which
off.
pies
so
ton
per
the
for
W.
319
is
tendency
charges except
as
the
attempt
owing
be
latter
the
being specially suitable
by
idea
the
'
and
Mr.
in
that
out
to
was
No.
P.M.G.,
looking
and
rather
control
the
traffic
of
amount
was
to
deprecates
he
all
from
sought'
thus
matter
Irrigation,
for
progressive country
no
be
subject
the
points
Europe
of transport
In
that
might
the
to
with
found
this, he
misfortune,' that,
allowed
and
be
of
considered
the
finally committed
time
some
prosperity of
the
and
canals, might
State
given
Engineer
In
them
result
object
latter
was
was
After
countries
are
national
"He
Government
will
which
note
the
returns.
Chief
the
by
of traffic.
were
the
the
the
that
so
consideration
(canal) navigation
be
better
actually rendered,
They
kinds
show
prevailed.
general increase
serve.
railway,
does
public
the
the
use
and
railway
it;
to
sacrificed, with
to
This
rivalry,but
the
'feeders'
of
since
force
vengeance,
which
country
preferred
State
roads, freeing
as
direct
interests
been
before
advanced
most
have
i8th, 1898.
April
is in
best
with
dealt
railway
the
to
counsels
the
positively
further
course,
of
with
are
Fortunately,
this
the
in
canals
which
the
to
the
largely
very
published.
was
of
systems
use
those
effect
parts
traffic,which
on
this
to
which
that
made
artificially
''
notice
their
for
from
serve
would
of
paid
283
independent
quadrupled,
with
been
Government
be
to
handicapping
canals
have
and
cases
been
the
separate
fees
preliminary
only
not
as
the
RATES
CANAL
breakage
2f
of
crossing.
oil-seeds, which
284
SIR
constitttted the
railway,and
largelyincrease
take
in
all goes
competition
leaving the
trade
"
will be
be
not
"
set
reference
charges, the
tariff for
India
of additional
further
such
are
The
and
cent,
fiftyper
case
being that,in
was
imposed
fifth of
The
in
canals
are
steamers,
unless
injury to
the
at
all,but
charges
"
to
of fees
scale
new
After
of
rates
accepted
be
railway
to
amount
at
bad
the
line
one
thirty-three
the
are
if the
one-
trebled.
and
traffic,
steam
to
of
class
roughly
are
time
latter
eight annas
of
low speed, do
and
in the
steamers
for
entered
hundred
rate
avoided
in
who
the
are
May,
much
increase
rates
receipts and
believe
canals
made,
and
the
1898."
official
more
those
interests
to
recommendations
no
that
rates
of
sensible injury.
variation
for
is
balance.'
into force
came
this let there
where
decidedly
the
The
of
irrespective
worked
This
Government
twenty
deep enough
to
"
The
proposed
be
los"
uniform
rates
cannot
made
irrigation,declare
play
not
It is
irrigationengineers,and
of
great
now
The
navigation
'
without
bear
tolls
two
small, and
increase
Government
of
Madras-Bezwada
increased
for the
generally
be
need
present deficit and
licenses, twenty
rates.
very
canals
of the
use
the
a
the
when
a
1883 tariff,
the
lieu
at
the
cover
are
reason
banks.
the
are
licenses
annual
to
worked
traffic will
six weeks'
The
the
or
enhancements
purely conjectural
thought
^the
"
little value,
follow,and which
objection of
occur
for six weeks'
cent
vessels.
will
course,
for annual
rates
per
is,of
as
bulk
which
proposed
required
revenue
it is
much
traffic,
valuable
more
of licenses for
navigationis being
fallingoff,which
is opened,
very
scale
satisfythe
to
of
improvements
great
Engineer of Irrigation remarks
revenue
that the
other
of
here.
his
to
Chief
experience
to
slightdifference in freight'
in the remarks
in detail
out
With
by
the
found
the
of
goods
carry
commends
The
get nearly all the
is effected
made
arrangements
rollingstock,railways running
and
way
canals
to
since
traffic when
valuable
other
or
the
to
railway can
that the
the
river.
that
show
to
canals
then
which
the
across
with
in which
He
stillkeep
and
in permanent
doubt
to
reason
no
its rates
waggons
times
recent
seems
traffic went
part of the canal
bridge is completed,
loaded
countries
COTTON
valuable
more
there
the Godavari
ARTHUR
do
concerned.
indignation
in the
not
when
extension
receive
fair
SIR
286
**
What
allude
It
is the
The
"
of
further
without
issued
orders
being
made
officers
set
to
The
and
the
for
reasons
the
best
and
Kumool
water
irrigation
reported
and
had
taken
and
Mr.
The
the
have
various
dividuals
in-
Although,
that
think
under
success,
they
ascribing its
failure
been
in
much
up
districts.
not
warranted
was
inquired
read
"
of
absence
good
by
traversed
the
officers
feeling
the
antagonism
the
to
worries
canal
have
which
and
the
that
ryots
and
existed
Company
has
tween
be-
arisen
between
which
exposes
management
themselves
Commissioners
said
of
system
ryots
the
and
Company
whole
The
of
in the
administration
revenue
unsatisfactory relations
The
they
did
could
who
from
evidence
Forster
afterwards
(who
had
this
on
of Mr.
Egypt)
Cuddapah
canal
Lister
report
they
that
years
reported
1878-80
in
with
Three
courtesy.
the
of
number
all answered
were
work
and
auspices
3. The
would
be
footing
of
the
to
MoncriefT, R.E.
revenue
It
real
to
proper
Nevertheless,
already given, they
taluks
**
ryots
of
irrigation
matter,
partially to:
for
the
complete
Scott
Major
good
considered
The
Collector
asked, and
were
in the Kumool
4.
have
declared
were
Deputy
by
of
Government
the
on
Commission
correspondence,
**
is Governor
matters
First,they quoted from
such
"
who
In
that.
complete.
was
Famine
Webster
2.
fairly
not
Irrigation Company
heretofore
as
information
incident
**
been
had
practicallypreventing applications for
questions
later the
I.
you
Government
delay.
answer
further
"
which
direct"
The
into
for
The
obligation
Company
the
that
complaint
an
ready
to
management
Buckingham,
authority
it is stated
Minute
the
of
Duke
is my
Madras,
under
the
in
that
explained
treated.
did
defect
"
was
cause
COTTON
ARTHUR
exaction."
were
more
even
emphatic,
"
was
too
be
taken
readily
at
assumed
once,
and
at
that
the
outset
it would
that
the
water
suffice to entrust
OF
VINDICATION
the
of water,
supply
village
accountant,
send
in
monthly
reports.
the
in
water;
no
these
additional
found
to
be
the
officers
soon
began
the
in
officers
of
of
of
relations
between
the
the
questions
**
Yes,"
and
in
the
which
one
was
successful
constructed
canal.
in
canal
87,226
On
had
in
Sir
system
'*
others
it is
and
if the
the
work
?
"
complete
most
that
used,
was
this
recommended
of
one
Madras
Campbell,
that
you
water
the
George
remember
You
"
all
vindication
value
great
in
acres
to
come
the
referred
during
of
the
the
to
late
the
Kumool
and
1878
could
famine,
was
of
the
be
Kumool
remark
Cuddapah
witness
absurdity
for
even
Commissioners
railways, again,
He
the
between
harassing
and
India."
Famine
of
was
remark,
reply,
was
The
table
attribu-
officials
regarding
especially by
works,
But, there
of
asked
were
above
the
was
prac*
more
rubbed
the
administration,
antagonism
out
special
mainly
Government
and
Company
that
was
soon
between
the
appeared
revenue
ryots, arising
Irrigation Company,
who
good
Company,
were
of
for
given
discussion,
irrigation
absence
management"
Many
it
of
distribution
recriminations
much
after
revenue
pay
those
register
and
and
be
to
open
tahsildars
and
the
to
was
Mutual
the
were
arrangements
which
from
extending
and
Company
These
1878,
place,
unsatisfactory
the
in
water
additional
any
Government
and,
the
to
was
duties.
of
failure
tical
case
and
officials,in addition
control
the
287
canal,
for
The
to
unsatisfactory.
took
inquiry
attend
to
were
the
district
who
the
inspectors
of
Applications
to
made
and
duties.
CANAL
revenues
ordinary
the
to
regular
their
to
the
of
management
KURNOOL
it
as
"
The
ted
irriga-
districts."
strongly
pressed.
constructing
railways
Bengal.
"
least
in
of
Page
Famine
"
way,
urged
from
Sir
George
experience
our
Campbell,
you
were
in
162
of
and
Famine
Commission
Protection,
Commission
Report
Report^
1880."
^
1878,
p.
347.
part
ii.
his
wrong
predictions?"
Prevention
*
now,"
seems
pleasing
your
^
it
Then,
'
*'
Measures
288
SIR
No,"
"
the
answered
sturdily
and
right,
quite
was
COTTON
ARTHUR
call
much-pressed
chief
the
railway
"
engineer
engineer
to
witness."
How
"
can
if it
failure]
''
failure.
When
railway
which
the
leaves
is
not
of
and
world
the
in
is
passengers
failure, what
Here
says,
the
not
call
engineer
nine-tenths
it does
; that
requires
railway
if that
absolute
an
and
quantity,
country
chief
it is
say
"
the
carry
as
you
cent
per
not
the
behind,'
goods
ten
cheaply
so
carry
paid
it does
say
right [when
be
you
is?"
Over
and
witness
by
an
honour
and
''Are
this, that, and
the
budged
The
the
be
the
to
declared
twenty
million
that
of
the
reader's
of
which
On
the
great
of
pitiable, but
famine,
struck
are
little
"
anything
of
aspects
of
reservoir
great
call
in the
be
the
present
was
particularly
it is the
irrigation
by this, and, in his
Irrigated
much
part"
I
hope
adequate
not,
ment
treat-
navigation
and
forth.
of
centre
undertaken
as
India
"
of the
one
^
famine
disastrous
"
Lord
antagonistic.
fact, that, only

works
like
are
How
but
irrigation
India
There
''
thousandth
maybe,
Sir
reh,
of
India.
in
and,
^forbid
"
twistings and
put.
were
land
and
wrangled
"
importance.
Not
it is trusted, may
Hamilton
It is
space
storage
of
to
he
Ganges
the
efflorescence
by
of
reh
needs
varied
"
and
witness,
such
term,
irrigated
with
many
consequences
be
of
project which,
George
done
of
patience
the
sanction
perhaps
or
which
questions
acres
the
their
particularly
correct
more
it to
is covered
you
the
pleaded
rivers"
the
Considerations
the
given
believe
that
thing
damage
Arthur
intentions
good
stating
fully discussed,
marked
turnings
As
the
were
would
over
the
overcome
inch.
of
Jumna"
whose
have
facts,"
one
defects
"
other
mention
only
never
in
Governors-General
successive
to
doubt
serious
really
sought
was
authorities,
could
one
you
''I
of
array
no
it
again
over
on
paying
Mr.
undertakea
I$tdia^ p.
the
143,
he
says
terrible
Deakin
:
"
price
was
THE
You
"
^'
it
SUEZ
is
thoroughly
I have
seen
talked
it
"Do
; and
as
never
of
**
the
I have
But
Such
''
Are
criticised
and
^'Yes,
like
it
this
the
seven
this
of
of
of
at
say,
decisive,
Lord
the
"
Canal
nounced
de-
was
of
be
be
directed
no
use
for
which
persons
Government
occasioned
would
and
of
; that
India
within
varying
large
dying
the
in
lavished
render
in
relief
the
"1
first
fund
of
there
of
1,000,000
total
more
of
famine
raised
awful
relief.
were
years
terrible
these
so
is known
generously
was
in
west
North-
works,
what
lingering agonies
this hideous
the
seventy
The
limits.
cuhnination
the
in
all future
Altogether
Works.
which
preparation
the
1859-60
to undertake
early part
anicats
the
induced
perfectly
is
in the
of
Bengal
of late years
irrigation
definitely inaugurated
Southern
only quite
Madras
Public
Extraordinary
detail
in
"
in
in
Sir
to
reservoir, by
forth
put
construction
State
Lawrence
in
it is
canal
Australia, marked
the
severely
very
would
he
dearth
the
1837-38
Ganges
the
all disastrous
5,250,000
although
as
central
great
famine
The
to
determined
1876-77-78,
throughout
it
wrote
between
lead
; that
famines
century,
losses
relation
for
1867-68
policy
severe
been
may
that
surprising
deltas
project
He
project
century
Provinces
as
have
you
been
Suez
occasion,
presidency.
present
in
has
that
of
another
on
in every
the
there,
have
The
attention
scheme
noble
immediate
supply its
that
and
It is indeed
the
of
impracticable,
connection,
concerning
of
the
advocated
utterly impossible
else.
what,
quoting
evident
undoubted
your
district
up
scheme
ever}rthing
truly
The
in
I have
bit of it"
every
if you
done."
was
this
Arthur's
*'
to
should
that
pronounced
as
"
add
been
statement
that
aware
you
[In
it, and
country
not
was
when
about
seen
reservoir
it ; I have
seen
emphatic
an
it
the
spot"
very
but
I know
has
I have
it.
"
seen
who
engineer
great
about
papers
reports
it would
that
successful
construction
and
surveyed
has
who
England
country,
officer
the
think
reputation
the
"
all the
papers
with
you
in
I know
all the
over
scheme
now
part of
that
to
up
that
officer
an
289
"IMPRACTICABLE"!
surveyed
never
There
been
CANAL
tions,
visita-
starvation,
The
indirect
imposing
19
still."
SIR
290
that
this
grand
discovery
at
favourable
level
in
all
the
levelled
feet
length,
with
millions
of
for
that
of
side,
miles
has
of
one
provided
by
water
may
there
is
be
the
end
supply
at
least
eight
thousand
million
in
the
The
drained
three
times
tank,
and
**
applied
expression
properly
Cotton
would
South.
that
was
times
of
it is left
would
tank
cubic
yards,
and
which
in
four
common
use
the
stated
in
all the
water,
that
is
thousand
yard
of
rain
thousand
million
proposed
square
this
area,
yards,
cubic
be
to
off
flow
to
fall
rain-
the
fifty inches.
and
twelve
of
sources
where
hundred
one
be
the
India
of
part
service
because
such
Ghauts,
to
does
During
having
of
that
water
the
from
drawn
or
its contents."
understanding
with
be
one
Peninsula"
in
to
quantity
twelve
to
so
thirty-six thousand
Comorin.
Cape
the
Western
stated
only
the
whole
The
in the
is
supply
of
river, while
in
tainly
cer-
tank.
months
five
monsoon,
supply
hundred
allowing
for
its contents,
million
during
the
are
one
area
thousand
must
season.
to
respect
it would
of
dry
water
monsoon,
million
the
from
miles
the
twelve
Tungabudra
is
to
of
it all the
each
on
quantity
by
river
mile, and
This
the
in
miles
plain
world
bund
The
long
in the
has
thousand
inches
and
measured
of
three
;f 300^000.
that
from
large body
With
remembered
drawn
basin
cultivation.
sites
is not
ninety
seven
broad
for
water,
cost
only
for
finest
the
the
value
tank
full at
*'
with
the
be
must
and
fall of
feet
little
very
be
"It
yards,
the
water.
(who
allows
he
so
at
of
Fischer
work),
of
contents
cubic
ten
this
value
the
Colonel
by
for
constructed
be
can
with
high, retaining
the
seventy
above
given
estimated
hundred
one
it
price compared
evidence
and
that
Peninsula,^
whole
the
commanding
stupendous
of
reservoir
dency
Presi-
the
that
made,
been
for
respects
perfectly nominal
'În
has
basin
possesses
dimensions
COTTON
ARTHUR
the
that
far
not
last
which
in
Sir
term,
a
is
critics
of
India
the
as
Sir
the
want
Arthur
Presidency
Madras
well
For
time.
charged
have
was
Godavari
the
Cotton's
in
Peninsula
term
of
south
Arthur
reservoir
North
the
century
Kashmi
from
Empire
the
mean
as
in
the
near
is salvation
There
this
insist
all
the
Will
fellow
FULL"
as
subjects
291
in
man
the
not
which
loss
and
suffering
well
as
out
Indian
their
upon
beast
for
carried
be
project
NOT
WAS
GODAVARI
"THE
British
being
people
from
saved
chronic
famines
Chairman,
the
the
if
India
now
cause?]
himself
gave
it
before
would
cut
Sir
from
seldom
as
far
so
when
times
the
said
time
of
'
to
the
to
last
House
mons
Com-
Yes,
me,
t'
Jumna
you
That
much
water
wouU
we
as
House
it
contained
IT
the
at
"
only
use
mons
Com-
famines
full
not
were
bit
of
those
in
irrigation
full ;
pretty
as
that
rivers
for
to
of
way
case
the
not
was
the
the
wanted
were
treated
was
in
that
failed
Godavari
as
too,
it not
Is
they
The
''
Sutlej
comes
^
questioner
time
of
taunt,
the
Campbell,
Geoiê
rain
of
way
The
"
saying
witness
is done^^
sarcasm
the
of
Committee
the
canal
thing
very
in
was,
the
upon
satisfaction
the
examined
was
of
later, retorting
little
WAS
fifty
EMPTY
AS
THAT."
AS
end
The
with
that
Then
have
the
general
more
completely."
failure
irrigation
"
Not
An
interval
June
2j^
of
out
the
the
Mr.
were
Duff.
this
been
the
least
Orissa
works
the
of
was
done
both
has
confirmed
the
"
you
''
cheery
by
in
is that
the
deterred
that
case
retort
me
admitted
of
Madras
"
elapsed,
once
was
members
were
Joseph
Noel
appears
and
in the
more
Sir
Balfour,
least
world:'
week
witness
Ernest
has
Chairman
evidence
the
world,"
the
by
your
in
appropriately
came
put
the
alluded
in
sixteen
Mr.
on
Thursday,
chair.
Thirteen
The
present
and
M'Kenna,
Mr.
Committee
the
among
absentees
Grant
on
occasion.
Sir
ment
least
of
have
we
the
and
the
in
not
which
to
in
that
thing
are
questions
opinions
slightest
whole
enquiry
purport
your
^the
*You
da/s
other
two
the
Not
first
and
altered
not
"
the
of
Arthur
^
No
Cotton
one
line
started
of
canal
early
with
navigation
definite
has
ever
state-
been
SIR
292
completed."
returns
Sir
George
particularly
from
and
States,
laid
were
fair
in
charged
and
and
as
the
is
no
interest
should
used
be
all
the
ture,
expendi-
of
the
water
interest
the
to
be
the
tear
the
course
should
As
of
and
wear
advanced
of
irrigation
the
is
State
and
utmost,
in
should
free."
tried
George
river
the
*'
in
United
the
tolls
canals.
one
canals
Arthur
no
of two
asked
and
France,
suggested
than
break
only navigating
Sir
was
fewer
no
again,
Scotland,
he
canal, of
canals
these
Sir
Not
again
over
there
perfectly
be
He
a'short
contribution.
when
the
navigating
that
started
England,
asked
with
he
irrigation-navigation
over
pa)rs
examination.
and
questions,
under
argument
the
canals,
to
more
in
satisfactory navigation
impossible.
Then
also
for
began
one
twenty
but
the
as
Fawcett
hundred
curious
and
Mr.
India,
for
Campbell
hundred
one
ask
to
COTTON
ask^ therefore^
To
was
ARTHUR
fresh
the
on
available
being
navigation
break
for
old
only
question
certain
as
to
part
of
year.
queried,
he
So,"
**
navigation
with
of
cannot
it in
stop
project'
of
'^
George.
?
"
No
well
the
to
build
say,
you
he
went
project
leave
'
then
and
If you
project,"
this, and
out
vast
unfinished,
tenth
according
the
out
Look
you
that,
at
your
reservoir
necessary
Would
it not
to
hold
the
in
height
require
an
water
the
for
canals
tenance
main-
troubled
Sir
quantity
enormous
of
"
as
the
in
ease
it
supply
you
else.
I propose
working
middle,
the
the
of
water
imperfect
"
size
The
of
with
everything
When
"
officials]leave
the
[meaning
and
it"
instead
"
say,
and
''unless
done
leave
and
bridge
along
go
to
on
of
be
It is like
cases].
arches
broken
assent,
could
[which
water
nine
cheerful
the
was
majority
be
"
''Yes,"
it would
"
all
know
we
has
that
much
how
bucket
been
have
we
We
calculated.
water
abundant
it would
data
know
take
now
for
just
to
fill
a
a
knowing
...
what
it would
cost
to
store
the
water
in
large
reservoirs
in
SIR
294
ARTHUR
Ambravatty,
tore,
on
feet
the
crossing
of
level
COTTON
Two
coast
place
the
about
watershed
four
thousand
one
lines
Coimba-
near
would
hundred
meet
at
Cape
on
some
Comorin.*
In
another
details:
West
"The
"
Coast
his
In
possible,
1.
remarkable
canal
Public
proposals
The
IVbrJb
been
380
"
The
completion
3.
The
completion
4.
The
Junction
North
5. The
The
of
The
8.
with
State,
i8Si,he
in
accompanying
canal
Coast
under
from
native
far
so
map
his
as
was
"
Godavari
the
the
elaborates
particulars,
These
the
on
the
of the
of
canal
Wurda
the
canal
Madras
to
it to
least
nearly
the
Cauveri,
and
Bheema,
Cuddapah
at
to
the
on
Tungabudra,
of
west
yards.
cubic
canal
miles,
200
"
acres.
perfecting, enlarging,
level
canal
Irrigation Company's
the
navigation
miles.
3,000,000,000
of
examination
complete
80
"
Wurda
and
Tungabudra
tank
works.
Delta
miles.
150
"
great
at
Kistna
Godavari
Nellore
at
contain
to
from
canal
the
of
and
Upper
from
on
Coast
Godavari
the
irrigating 500,000
7.
connection
small
very
given.
construction
Bellary,
6.
in
/or India, published
Chanda
near
the
comments
miles.
2.
to
indicated
completion
thus
fact
is that
hereafter
as
have
witness
canal
of
system
old
tanks,
etc.
the
from
passing
and
north
Hyderabad
near
tank; south
Tungabudra
great
Seringapatam,
near
whole
the
Godavari
the
to
Kistna
the
across
to
"
800
miles.
9.
leading
Canals
tanks
old
10.
from
canal
of
1 1.
river.
bund
across
4.00
of
miles
13.
The
south
The
the
of
completion
Karwar"
14.
the
extension
"
The
400
canal
multitudes
to
of
to
supply
to
water
the
to
tanks
old
shed
water-
into
the
hills forty miles
the
north
leading
the
across
convey
it leaves
where
Camatic,
East
the
to
the
West
of
Bellary
in
Kistna
for
and
and
tion
irriga-
miles.
Madras
canal
Coast
Comorin"
Cape
Coast
canal
from
Madras
from
the
-400
from
Pallanr, forty
miles.
Cape
Comorin
to
miles.
construction
Camatic
main
Pennair
the
canals
with
about
this
canal
Pennair
the
through
south
main
and
Huggry
Nellore,
above
12.
the
from
water
Camatic.
above
the
latter
A
the
the
in
of
to
canal
Ponany
on
the
West
through
Coast
the
heart
through
ot
the
OF
EXAMPLE
Govermnent,
almost
with
had
not
The
the
difficult
Comorin
done
for
How
being
of
The
it is
the
the
to
of the
by
this
will
be
Cape
has
for
being
our
the
for
State
thus
sive.^
expen-
very
necessary
Indian
petty
from
but
necessity
works
of
we,
have
provinces.
our
line
line
this
see
execution
country
in
part
Travancore,
rest
; while
interests,
whole
the
in
is
sad
into
of
part
us.
the
canal
the
Travancore
immense
and
295
by making
of
execute
Karwar
to
shamed
to
STATE
us
length
means
energy
only
been
whole
the
unbounded
our
INDIAN
utterly shamed
has
through
AN
setting
well
the
us
example.
**
There
Palghat
form
15.
The
The
7*
south
to
from
of
dry
to
21.
The
300
"
Karwar
from
23.
breakwater
24.
tank
the
on
of
the
*
That
years
on
in
canals
west
at
lake)
250
"
the
meet
at
miles.
proposed
the
miles.
180
coast"
the
lake
Tungabudra
the
down
Chilka
the
the
to
to
valley of
Taptee
the
Sura
to
the
at
Ponany,
at
Cape
have
proposed tank,
viz.
and
estimated
of
and
Kistna
Bheema
Kistna,
"
150
miles,
it has
coast.
that
been
greatly risen.
of
in
river
by
the
Neilgherries,
the
Government
Madras
capacity.
great
Madura,
of
west
Bhowani
the
side
west
the
on
of
and
supply
is, because
the
Comorin.
branch
in
of
navigation
the
miles.
ago
river
better
labour, etc.,
to
water
Delta
Cocanada
to
canal
of
west
the
of
fully examined
Vigny
the
from
canal
is
there
the
200
breakwater
tank
fill
the
navigation,
supplying
and
and
and
for
Chanda,
near
Kistna
the
Peneh
the
on
extended
being
Wurda
level
Bheema,
many
200
Nagpur,
Coast
East
on
the
the
22.
25.
in
from
miles.
miles.
above
Warda,
navigable
which
improvement
and
Nagpur.
(now
from
to
canal
20.
this
would
Pennair
the
canal
tanks
great
the
for navigation,
canal
level
Nellore-"
of
acres
of the
canals
tank
from
of
parts
some
season.
Ganjam,
A
on
canal
at
two
Godavari
extension
Orissa
19.
high
the
them
the
the
the
Pennair
rivers, north
keep
The
the
the
irrigating 250,000
18.
which
of
construction
canal
canals
branch.
continuation
Kanhan
1
of
Pass,
anient
16.
small
already
are
the
with
Ghauts
a
tunnel
near
the
through
of
source
the
Ghauts
the
for
river.
put
off
until
the
cost
of
materials,
SIR
296
line, but
whole
they
is
of
part
;""2,ooo per
Now
"
Allowing
Travancore
it
when
it
enlarging
require
the
system),
(though
cost
be,
may
at
mile, ;î,ooo,ooo in all.
the
is, that
will
extensive
an
in
The
shallow.
too
fifty miles.
and
executed
also
this
and
narfow
hundred
part
that
probable
forms
the
COTTON
too
is five
for
something
much
are
distance
ARTHUR
remarkable
most
the
for
openings
respects
water
capable
of
this
the
important
with
combination
in
everywhere,
almost
all
on
As
perfectly
is
Presidency
transit
water
this
to
wonderful.
really
are
whofe
transit, the
first-class
lines, and
works
reference
with
point
irrigation.
"The
Coast
Karwar
to
the
Godavari
Surat,
"
fully
as
Further,
and
Hyderabad,
country,
thus
the
and
east
effective
The
conveyance
thousand
of
value
"
Take
cost
ton
of
the
making
for
every
Nellore
that
practicable
at
the
up
Tapti
small
to
cost
populous
the
thus,
Rs.
the
from
ton
at
"
the
ten
the
per
of
and
Punjab.
three
Karwar,
of
one-twentieth
means
coasts,
and
to
upper
canals, in
both
Ganges
about
by
coast
on
Lahore
the
of
interior
ports
Districts,
Ceded
heart
and
rivers
Cauveri
the
from
in the
may
country.
the
of the
plains of
one
led
be
canals
branch
of
penny
cent,
on
per
the
grain.
item
whole
port
steamers?
the
Mysore,
and
only
single
the
of
may
with
of
mile,
supplying
port
canals
miles, would
per
line
whole
the
putting
and
the
Godavari,
communication
Calcutta
of the
and
this
up
line
the
to
heart
city by
same
miles
through
west
with
ton
of
open
Seringapatam,
near
of
to
contour
lines
effect.
these, thousands
so
the
ticable
prac-
main
Karwar,
by
perfectly
their
with
From
led
all
perfectly
The
cost.
the
to
and
all
through
from
Districts
Wurda,
also
are
compared
be
Ceded
and
Madras
and
Ponany,
to
through
from
Comorin
Cape
by
is
Coast,
insignificant
an
Peninsula
Carnatic
Bengal,
from
Western
quite
the
''
the
on
at
across
canal
on
CoaL
country
the
East
from
and
be
would
What
the
West
Chanda
coasts
the
mines,
a
effect
and
coaling
EXTENSION
Take
**
is at
other
one
the
people
pounds.
for
millions
What
would
And
the
a-half
would
be
benefit
is the
cent.
per
would
hundred
to
on
sixty
millions
vast
be,
equal
to
people
of
present
millions
two
at
of
system
tons.
the
at
whole
the
head
per
thousand
would
what
consumption
vegetarian
salt
cheapest
pounds
pound,
than
including
cost,
the
per
interest
of
it is
eleven
three
alone
this
more
"
Where
of
of this
three^farthings
which
year,
head.
increase
297
consumption
circumstances
good
from
revenue
WORKS
The
per
An
the
be
of tax,
rate
in
are
PUBUC
Salt
pounds
is twenty
sixty
item
nine
present
and
OF
three-and-
these
canals
from
irrigation
them.
alone
This
*'
will
help
of
public
extension
if it
finances,
*'
To
I.
millions
many
matter
"
the
to
carry
To
of
manly,
for
India
getic,
ener-
and
its
"
for
use
navigation
and
which
at
of water,
yards
of
treasure
and
of
for
goods
The
"
4.
tion
irrigapresent
fertilizing
the
from
Sir
and
Madras,
of the
many
rivers, thus
at
securing
shipping
irrigation
and
Mysore
them
Cape
and
of
whole
with
for the
points
extent
nominal
the
Indus
America
of
many
and
best
and
complete
connecting
Ganges
laiê
with
quantity
any
passengers,
Europe,
of
rivers
great
Presidency
coast, the
West
Africa,
in
every
Hyderabad,
failure
against
of
rains."
George's
almost
of
The
Reservoir.
his
valley
the
great
local
and
the
whole
the
provision
of
district
from
supply
tanks
goods
the
and
Comorin
be
do
transit, carrying
water
price, both
interior
old
pervade
of
system
state
would
incalculable
and
of the
To
3.
was
to
cubic
an
improve
thousands
the
sea
out,
turn
of
what
2.
"
and
secure
judge
works
carried
were
to
us
matured
question
penultimate
equal
value
witness
views
to
had
as
to
that
in
that
the
concerning
opportunity,
what
day's enquiry
on
Central
challenge,
parts of India
could
to
still
irrigated.
^
Will
you
just point out, generally,
what
are
the
parts
of
which
India
of
extension
old
Arthur
"
There
is
"
All
All
Rohilkund
All
Bengal
All
the
"
"
the
"
The
vast
Punjab
of all India
West
of
portion
the
North
and
the
Tungabudra,
still
unirrigated.
country
plains
of the
extent
of
Kistna
the
Carnatic
millions
hundred
"Many
Sir
that
delta
All
*'
an
"
Oudh
all of
of
feeling
proportion
remaining
Almost
"
"
the
the
to
generation,
heedless
the
of
something
enormous
an
is all the
"There
to
replied
Cotton
favourable
most
now
"
with
been
testif3ring
seer
are
irrigation
have
It must
think
you
COTTON
ARTHUR
SIR
298
of
acres
and
for
fit
perfectly
are
irrigation,"
[Lord
CurzoUy
the
been
advised
in
has
millions
four
of
An
irrigated.
is
It
without
other
be
"
be
can
the
'98
the
Viceroy's
that
regretted
illustrative
recommended
are
basis
of
only
productively
"
Commission
Famine
statement
was
was
made
statement
particulars.
India,
that
(1900)
grace
which
of
what
to
of
year
remain
acres
on
made.
this
examination
shows
Report
Governor-General
present
In
574-576
paras.
"
Acres.
The
Punjab
The
Sind
The
Upper
projects
4,000,000
660^563
projects
projects
Burma
334,000
....
Total
.
is allowed
Nothing
Provinces
But,
or
capable
Curzon
proposed
there
of
should
all the
Presidencies
Commissionerships
it is admitted,
later
point
and
for
other
in
be
can
being
seem
works
these
no
to
other
doubt
irrigated,
have
and
provinces."
There
and
doubt,
no
it
minimized
is
is
the
the
throughout
"may,
and
4,994,563
much
Empire.
be
sooner
On
land
regrettable
the
great
other
this
still
Lord
develop-
BENEFICIAL
which
ment
India
is
On
the
be
effect
time
in
adding
financial
after
all
interest
amounted
in
than
usual
for
1897-98,
on
afforded
will
the
amount
surplus
productive
whole
and
in
other
years.
and
there
land
of
had
land
been
not
works
in
this
works
of
all
over
the
of
years
of
increase,
and
respect,
kinds
in
of
to
famine.
of
these
revenue
famine,
while
favourable
but
revenue
two
It
works
is
certain
be
rainfall,
revenue
short
where
while
to
be
missions
re-
1,448,000,
other
famine.
from
therefore
the
During
Rx.
heads
The
of
cost
the
of the
irrigation
showed
has
works
value
by
an
been
excess
directly
special
be
may
in years
there
is
an
other
reduced
in
expected
to
of
only
mendation
recom-
all
almost
largely
missions
re-
relief
if these
earned
that
irrigation
it will
of
years
which
981,600
of
necessitated
whole
apart
of
irrigation
way.
under
to
on
works,
position
amount
the
these
are
minor
famine
revenue
the
Rx.
value
infinitely greater
been
constructed,
normal
attributed
sources
have
course
as
profit
of these
in another
and
are
two-thirds
meet
and
attributable
revenue
works
new
financial
of
loss
or
financial
to
The
the
to
surplus
nearly naif
already constructed,
pated,
eventually antici-
direct
shown
surplus
stimulus
be
may
1897-98,
indirectly
or
of
be
great
700,000,
If the
nett
the
revenues
was
normal
protective
and
1896^7
of
directly
of
however,
may,
the
of famine.
cost
degree
strengtiiening
in
away
sufiicient
will be
less
the
the
the
paid,
higher
was
actual
the
those
as
the
when
Rx.
;^66p,ooo
words
as
financial
been
This
and
grant.
whole,
of
estimated
country
would
as
irrigation
works,
than
the
of
that
had
cent
per
passed
less
wealth
irrigation works,
809,173.
drought, but
famine
the
revenue
in
or
the
has
be
four
same
recommended
strengthening
already shown
higher,
even
taken
profitable,
a
account
not
be
the
at
general
also
sure
pres-
degree
some
while
Rx.
of
of
in
productive
at
to
famine
by
probably
the
the
reduce
to
have
by
1896-97
dition.
con-
express
the
as
charges
was
deplorable
counteract
may
realized
revenue
tend
to
We
if
soon,
"
years
State.
place
Commissioners
population,
and
299
construction
the
take
the
to
of
ordinary
investment,
of
resources
surplus
and
growth
Their
country.
a
the
and
therefore
famines,
of
IRRIGATION
present
manner
will
OF
its
whole,
cordial
works
of future
from
as
in this
new
place,
rescued
extensions
The
the
take
must
to
themselves
"
RESULTS
abundant
expansion
SIR
300
of
other
Childers
Mr.
tried
of the
took
hard
big scheme
Sir
up
George
Arthur
Sir
pin
to
financial
agricultural
on
Campbell's
Cotton
to
required
arrangements
to
running,
exposition
an
the
through
carry
promulgated.
Finance
fixed
consequent
revenue
prosperity."
and
of
sources
COTTON
ARTHUR
to
the
not
was
witness's
of
statement
any
forte.
declined
He
kind.
the
It
be
to
his
not
was
business.
"
beg
must
entirely
of
out
business.
I
on
floating
ideas
the
would
he
line.
remarked,
If
matters.
about
much
less
the
with
misjudging
Viceroy
witness
(July
them
questions, basing
Cotton,
after
amongst
the
with
Sir
tax,
reference
his
views
may
be
that
the
Onslow
When
the
on
made
to
the
the
Sir
had
of
of
early
Arthur
circulated
later
in
traffic
some
see
position
which
dealing,
opium
the
I
asked
examination,
preceding
of
part
of
pamphlet
present.
all India."
occupancy
liberty
governments.
paralyse
Mr.
upon
committee.
Arthur's
his
1878),
4,
local
can
of
occasion
the
on
no
certain
more
at
of
have
much
are
man
have
have
they
interference
government
third
asked
give
these
or
therefore,
am
than
all
statesman
and,
I
that
"
I would
them.
have
the
not
am
engineer,
an
governments
one
On
am
say,"
local
supreme
that
my
these
opinion
to
to
pages,
the
and
salt
Onslow's
Mr.
questions.
It
out
came
intended
was
Little
long
join
to
the
large
scheme
following
rivers
canals
and
The
Ravee,
The
Orissa,
The
Sirhind,
The
Godavari,
The
Ganges,
The
Kistna,
The
Lower
The
Tungabudra,
The
Sone,
else
of
examination
Famine
Ganges,
outlined
previously
"
and
others.
freshness
came
importance
or
to
Commission
an
asked,
was
end.
Report^
1898,
p.
352.
and
the
I
SIR
302
14. Canal
the
COTTON
ARTHUR
from
Madras
West
Coast
;^8,ooo, with
500,000
of
great
Kanhan
and
17.
them
;^ 8,000, with
Peneh
Nagpor
the
500,000
Extension
local
acres
from
Canal
Canal
from
22.
Improvement
Surat
miles, and
navigation,
Breakwaters
Ponany
and
Periyar
the
at
tank
25. Tanks
in
"
200
"2,000
Cape
miles,
.
750,000
Comorin
Travancore,
for
^
.
Neilgherries
of
500,000
150
"
500,000
of Madura
tiie
extension
2,500,000
....
in
supply
the
Bombay
Kistna
at
West
"2,000
at
Bheema
2,250,000
of
to
of
of
;^8,ooo,
at
miles
100
"
21.
24.
the
improvement
Wurda
23.
feet
to
miles
300
"
"
plains
Wurda
1,500,000
to
Coast
2400
inclined
tank
West
with
on
from
with
"6fiOO
at
the
on
Coast
canal,
to Chilka
Tungabudra
lockage
for
miles
miles,
180
Coast
Cocanada
250
"
Karwar
20.
East
from
Lake
19. Canal
1,500,000
of
north
500,000
at
irrigation
18.
Wurda
miles
120
"
1,250,000
"
in
to
Chanda
near
on
4,000,000
gate
irri-
to
the
rivers
from
Canal
"
canal
Nellore
to
acres
tanks
of
level
jif
6,000,
at
250,000
16. Two
acre
anient
miles
200
"
at
acres
per
high
Kistna
from
on
^450 miles
"
irrigation zX."\
15. Continuation
Ponany
to
old
canals
1,000,000
with
in
Coimbatore
2,000,000
....
;f4I,500,000
^
than
Done.
To
end
half of estimate.
of
1898-99, nearly completed,
cost
little
more
AND
EXPERT
THE
NON-EXPERTS
303
"
forward
Brought
Add
20
and
construction,
tinder
into
operation
coming
8,5000,00
....
Total
;fso,ooo,ooo
in the
Once,
for
case
irrigation
''
But,
see
the
the
areas
small
which
of
that
that
is not
which
think
much,
so
make
being
that
that
you
This
think
have
you
is the
of
of
crux
difference
Sir Arthur
there
India
irrigation
be
storage
millions
can
be
proved
im-
heard
well
very
sure
a
reason
moderate
whole
the
situation.
if
for
adequate
Geoiê
(himself
most
favourable
irrigation), declare
he
asserts,
can
under
culti-
million
be
more
irrigated
cial profit
vation.
*
Q.
1868, Select
Committee,
the
Governor-General
present
few
and
Campbell,
others, including
some
Many
provided.
brought
of
parts
navigation
acres,
Sir
declares
water
and
of
the
"
few
taken,
be
is
Cotton
are
This
NON-EXPERTS.
which
to
cannot
have
may
them
as
the
upon
really
from
respect
depend
we
you
larger
In
must
which
EXPERT.
that
much
calamities
obtain
may
comparatively
be
you
that
find
return."
point
that
and
map
protected.
of
so,
railways, provided
believe
to
that
and
of
tected
pro-
remark
to
will
you
not
be
the
at
I do
irrigation
however,
must
so
communication
of
would
only
other
and
security against famine
India
green,
still
there
have
look
are
'^
could
proceeded,
irrigable
laige country,
means
you
coloured
are
country
if
Cotton's
famine.
of
George
Sir
Arthur
Sir
fact, if you
are
and
extent,
extent
to
of
that
parts
of
India, all
He
matter
as
whole
over
famine."
from
examination,
own
''that
all
extended
preventive
as
remarked,
he
doubt,"
works
the
conceded
Campbell
his
of
course
41,500,000
"
while
interest
for
cent
per
1878,
p.
153.
to
only
of
with
acres
finan-
SIR
ARTHUR
with
all the
304
The
to
layman,
the
trust
expert
of
matter
ought
incline
to
least, spoke
at
The
that
in
He
which
for
Arthur
channels
with
wholly
ignored.
was
works
great
witness
had
not
of
did
though,
All
be
not
the
that
use,
no
their
they
accounted
navigation
to
ports,
is
It
recorded
was
None
that
the
of
works.
point, they
irrigation engineers
five
to
cent,
per
in
works
irrigation
therefore,
point
one
great
certain
on
in
together,
new
to
and
not
were
*'
four
"
him
works
admitted,
certain
ance.
annoy-
to
getting
irrigation
with
was
and
the
profit.
shown
pay
of
detail, why,
of
he
which
and
of
had
shown
whole,
as
clear
and
annoyed
The
made.
means
he
in
had
and
then
not
he
all the
that
circumstances:
They
Sir
and
severe,
yet," meaning
could
profit
decision
Probably,
referred
considerable
but
blame.
to
He,
irritation
which
it
with
or
explained,
paid,
not
were
it be
views.
than
non-connection
Taking
pay
The
for
perfectly
the
Arthur
Sir
against
reason
in
made
loss
matter
statements
ports
no
public
good
the
1879.
intensely
needlessly
failure, namely,
there
the
expert's
in
more
any
were
with
Sir
to
paragraphs
accordance
If
need,
the
of
reported
had
schemes
his
is inclined
him,
non-experts.
India's
adoption
never
respect
The
to
the
was
report.
the
of
Committee
Cotton
irritated
view
before
frpm knowledge.
Select
Arthur
in
to
evidence
against
as
doubt,
COTTON
tional
excep-
anathetiia.
was
enterprise by enterprise,
way,
yielded
large
to
revenue
the
State.
But
stay
which
?
works
the
Did
though
not,
Net
railways
his
as
result
receipts
Guaranteed
together
together
done
fulfil the
time
considered
them
Lump
what
for
here,
in
their
comparison
tion
obligasary
neces-
so
the
as
then
this
did
colleagues
is
that
at
committeemen
official
lumped
and
what
the
they
were
Campbell
With
did
irrigation
Sir
George
draft
report
(p. xxviii.).
on
all
interest
railways
paid
to
1877-78
.
69,304,366
....
Loss
.
44,295,589
;"25,oo8,777
SELECT
That
is,
at
"2Sfi68,777,
not
it
And
he
two
later
from
millions
this
for
they
the
deficit
the
mainly,
in
the
to
Commission
had
been
just
was
account
six
twenty
Committee
of
1878,
famine
provision against
works
irrigation
tions
recommenda-
works,
railway
on
the
impress
all that
898,
be
Committee,
Famine
1
did
in profusion!
Select
emphatic
March,
of
to
were
Campbell,
irrigation
first place
for
secured
of
3 ist
Thanks,
the
is how
been
the
to
"
this
important
more
than
earlier.
years
did
George
spite
capital
more
Sir
by
much
the
years
spent
would
that, in
Government,
because
loss
undertaken
be
to
were
successfully
so
whither
of
railways
whole
a
a
large irrigation projects
no
while
considered,
that,
as
showed
railways
recommended
was
305
works
irrigation
profit,while
therefore
pay^
led
when
time
considerable
showed
REPORT
COMMITTEE'S
has
"
"
Capital Expenditure
March,
Railways
on
130,614,851
Irrigation
on
the
against
first importance
draft
Hamilton)
The
Arthur
which
Cotton
is
courteous,
that,
as
largely quoted
I need
only
an
and
wanting
not
"
says
"
trying
to
This
put
from
called
with
as
to
this
it
was
from
Sir
studiously
intense
fully
so
to
it.
forth
an
deals
appendix
to
body
have
uncomplimentary
made
Memorandum
remark
examination
(Lord
which, though
throughout
here
of
quoting
Chairman
chapter,
fire
of
with
the
it must
be
from.
mode
After
be
not
Memorandum,
This
the
irrigation, but,
accepted
was
bright
indignation.
report
need
citations
report
of
;C97i975"048
by
extension
of
especially
was
the
for
works
prepared
report
accepted,
not
31st
32,639,803
Difference
proposals
to
1898
March,
George
31st
1898
Capital Expenditure
The
to
an
in
be
instance
in
mode
of
down
my
Arthur
unworthy
respect
alluded
Sir
that
to
of
himself,
of frivolous
questioning
is
so
as
keenly
his
worthy
the
important
indeed
enquiry,
of
summary
felt
it
was.
which
to
evidence,
of
witness, totally unworthy
he
lawyer
of
20
men
SIR
3o6
by
appointed
from
the
COTTON
honestly
country
the
Sir
rest
and
temperate
the
upon
Committee's
Report
following
which
works
Delta,
Cauveri
81*30
No
per
the
omission,
officers
favourable,
only to
navigation
The
water,
If, in other
delta
would
Committee
for
that
they
the
State.
The
It will
and
9*8, and
capital expended.
Cauveri
works,
allowance
this
for
credit
the
upon
out.
however,
were,
that
to
chief
cially
espe-
combination
characteristic
surplus
section
of
as
This
pages.
this
railways
is not
to
works,
to
the
of
districts
from
the
conditions
in
cultivator
and
Southern
capable
from
show
elsewhere
a
an
which
very
of
penditure
ex-
show
remunerative
India,
For
river
surrounding
existed, your
have, however,
{Madras
that, with
of
recommending
receipts
reversed.
extracts
of the
part
conditions
favourable
same
rainfall,and
any
Committee
your
plains, without
supply
constant
real
India, similar
conformation
given
that
to
of
not
exist, but
large portion
Administraiian
Reports
exceptions, all
for
providing
interest, are
yielding a large
from
Probably, no Report emanating
a
public body
has
the
by results, as
irrigation
completely falsified
deliverance
the
of 1879 ; and
railway section, too, so
seen,
so
of
out
useful
in many
revenue.
been
and
carrying
1897-98), given
Madras
Works,
has
of flat,alluvial
the
these
be
of
parts
which
are
directed
and
both
are
not
they
that
"
Kistna,
12*94,
great
is the
little hesitation
account
do
only
far
which
the
due
they worked
irrigation,but
have
climate, and
the
of
case
them
passed a great
through which
independent
altogether of the
being easily controlled
for
the
reflect
irrigated consisted
be
to
area
roads,
of
of
all
works
which
was
and
in
money,
the large rivers
Godavari,
upon
the
carried
and
the
revenue
making
these
mittee,
Com-
Cotton
system.*
this
the
in
not
and
irrigation
of
of
under
conditions
The
results
designed
who
but
Select
Arthur
deltas
the
in
excess
taken,
Sir
the
borrowed
credited
respectively
anicuts
in
those
an
however
is
native
the
being
which
with
of works
^
which
to
is
cent,
account
of
paying
of
Report
:"
constructed
Works,
the
with
generally
chiefly consist
operation,
works
Madras
Committee.
of
passages
the
to
reasoned
action.
Select
the
the
are
to
Madras
only
of
relates
and
associated,
the
real
passages
excellently
most
Appendix
The
the
the
commend
earnestly
most
Arthur's
comments
The
ascertain
to
of witnesses."
opinions
For
ARTHUR
on
pp.
aAer
to
were
so
as
33^-342,
be
regards
famine
the
preventers.
Cauveri
:
see
very
few
evidence
on
preceding
REPORT
the
of
river
the
the
rain-fed
of
be
to
a
with
water,
tanks
were
utility. If, then,
of
that
is
of
drought
either
dry
tanks,
dry weather,
of
vast
majority
of
reduced
so
for
continues
contain
tinuance
con-
than
more
as
than
more
preventive against such
either
must
the
their contents
drought
supply
the
precarious.
1876-77
or
be
to
307
and
irrigation,
exceptions,
prolonged
little
COMMITTEE
canal
to
three
it is clear
year,
SELECT
is unsuited
country
During
OF
year's
with
whose
sources
are
streams
supply of rain, or be connected
the
of
local
rainfall
independent
The
point, therefore, to be solved, and the importance of which
has
been
Committee
before
prominently brought
by the
your
terrible
mortality, notwithstanding
during the late Madras
famine,
both
the
physical
policy to
a
difficulties
be
of such
appointed
by
be
to
specific
the
from
area
into
famine,
the
desire
confidence
before
any
by
Sir
Cotton
of
railway
years
main
such
main
the
working
and
his
upon
of
and
indefinite
works.
He
the
pension
sus-
would,
devote
expenditure
navigation
an
line
;^3o,ooo,ooo, dealing
remainder
the
was
summary
schemes
scheme,
This
based
;î 0,000,000
annually for the next ten or twenty
to
irrigationworks, mainly canals
(Question 2,722), the
canals
be
dimensions
of such
to
to
as
permit navigation.
however,
By
all
nearly
the
proposes
much
with
laid
Cotton.
of
India,
applicable to the whole
from
personal experience, mainly derived
in
the
deltas
of Madras.
irrigation works
Arthur
this
of
quiry
preliminary in-
proposal
though
Sir
those
your
separate district,
each
Arthur
the
upon
attempting
protection
necessitate
capabilities of
briefly to notice the
them
report
to
way
the
for
and
wants
Committee
in
would
as
of
India.
disaster, and
recommendations
such
practical
prospect
has been
Special Commission
to
locally investigate the
Without
adopted.
detailed
or
the
India
of
this
of
diminish
natural
the
the
prescribe
to
in Southern
that
aware
Government
magnitude
and
remedies
are
and
finance
likely to
consideration
into
is, taking
overcome,
most
calamity
Committee
Your
causes
the
ture
expendi-
State
enormous
Indian
of
be
to
adopted
recurrence
vast
condition
present
the
he
would
that
the
sum
at
be
to
was
of
of
cost
districts, whilst
populous
most
miles
thousand
ten
constructed
be
with
this vast
of
estimates
spent
feeders
on
or
subsidiary works.
Sh:
give
Arthur
a
Cotton
large
return
Committee
consider
would
estimate
material
he
how,
be
to
does
or
at
raised.
or
and
make
to
not
what
ascertain
labour
which
of
rate
the
throughout
must
figures already embodied
within
be
in
any
and
your
this conclusion,
his
province
to
expended
money
to
attempted
way
rise
immediate
sudden
in
the
simultaneous
cost
an
of
penditure
ex-
inevitably produce.
India
The
of
interest, the
he
has
for
so
would
expenditure
an
data
the
it to
deem
Neither
provision
such
(Question 2,751), though
Government
unable
were
especiallyas
that
estimates
in
this
report
show
how
few
SIR
3o8
the
and
Arthur
these
indicate
what
during
last
Delta,
had
proved
is
twenty
That
is
name
admitted
the
by
your
statement
having
their
dread
of
cheap
Government
in the
when,
further
in
sums
belied
in the
their
Orissa
the
works
of
recently
more
failures.
power
failure
the
the
of
the
comment
of
Government
opinion
of
which,
and
returns
Committee
find
their
from
which
upon
right
Committee,
of your
discretion, they declined
undertakings
estimates
the
has
has
account
completion, on
2,264).
(Questions 2,322,
transit
of
hand,
navigation
name
Arthur
their
against
were,
exercise
whole
the
to
exercised
been
The
once
due
was
his
success,
however, pass without

repeated by him, that
cannot,
than
more
works
which
of
character
Sir
other
the
financiallycomplete
are
Committee
these
the
On
and
are
great
though
which
with
India
emphatically
of
purpose
associated,
Committee.
with
Godavari,
scheme,
to
Madras
the
of
speculative
delta,
irrigationworks,
connected,
Your
the
Madras
the
this
and
the
''None
Sir
him
of
in
munerative,
re-
by
Government
that
for
confirmed
those
replied,
honourably
so
Madras
Upper
been
in
works
the
Cotton's
the
than
shadowy
is of too
noticing it,except
justify their
rejecting it.
the
years,
proved
question asking
by
yet" (Question 2,214).

pay
Committee
evident
to
your
to
works,
to
other
remunerative,
gigantic dimensions,
been
reply
have
than
more
are
in
constructed
works
the
works
returns
himself, who,
Cotton
COTTON
irrigationschemes
carefully examined
most
It
ARTHUR
invest
to
commencement,
alone
they
were
sanctioned.
do
Nor
failure
part
of
of
reliance
officers
the
which
remarked
has
irrigation works, there
Sir
and
his
James
Lyall
extensions
respecting the
been
under
that, taking
failure
no
other
which
success
the
takings,
undertheir
alone
impossible.
was
rather,
great
who,
too
promoters
certain
of
success
main
The
placing
the
the
on
energy
engineer
of
financial
the
Department,
been
conditions
without
and
be
it must
more
have
of
causes
ability or
Works
to
appears
achieved,
was
Once
'
the
of
want
Public
the
sanguine by
ignored the
over
have
that
hasty generalisations
the
on
the
was
of
failure
that
rendered
success
schemes
past
the
of
cause
your
whole
in
the
range
words
of
of
CotH,
(Fam.
Report^ p. 339X
of
works
earlier
since
1886
pleted)
com(and
'*
the
The
result
has
been
to
State, rea
garded
:
advantage
great
Uie money
the direct financial
merely from
invested,
return
on
in increasing the
of the
in
and
fi'om their
value
wealth
country
apart
of
and
in preventing
in years
or
mitigating famine
ordinary years,
The
Select
Committee
terms
drought."
reported, in the adverse
Commission
quoted above, in 1879 ; in the following year the Famine
said
place
exactly the contrary : ** Put
irrigation in the FIRST
; go on
with
it
Report
wherever
and
suffer;
in
was
who
"
can,"
you
existence,
India
knows
colleagues
has
how
their
was
the
suffered,
long?
who
men
is
recommendation.
wrote
it in
suffering,and
this
But
positions
will
of
continue
fluence,
into
pointto show
and
of
the
would
report
that
his
him
as
to
too.
Two
has
given
possible
in
of the
witnesses
his
the
but
decision
third
be
can
cover,
just
remark
add
may
that
whole
unconversant
was
lines of canal
on
ihem^
where
And
of
it
No.
the
tableland.
and
is not
"
No.
take
canal
1474.
twenty-five
from
^
The
the
height
where
Jumna,
Do
the
following
you
millions
Godavari
not?*'
is
Sirhind
think
as
to
and
two
the
west
italics in this Memorandum
crossed
Sir
the
rather
was
say
high
or
that
as
high
even
the
between
well
say
millions''
The
Arthur
too
land."
table-
already been
has
coast)?
are
this
as
half
Sir
by the
between
mountain
canal
to
"
mountains
same
ment
judg-
answered
and
with
honesty
questions put
might just
one
certain
to
country,
rather
either
the
exactly
the
the
But
I should
vestige of
entirely
so
that
the
by
of
ranges
there
"
it
(p. no)
several
are
and
Hamilton
Book
replied,
witness
The
upon
are
Foinany,
There
laid
Blue
^^Tliere
the
duty
George
but
jected
pro-
hill}
Committee,
Lord
by
was
never
objected
he
the
from
in the
and
and
Sutlej
the
formed
be
recorded
Godavari
much,
of
tone
he
of mountains
ranges
vestigeof
that
which
on
experience
navigation,
subject
this I
cised
practicallyexer-
had
only
his
blue
to
subject
and
not
of
And
Public
given
has
opponent's
my
the
of
is not
approached
1472.
the
account
Campbell
former,
while
have
the
honoiu:
on
concentrated
irrigationor
with
the
given
line ; that
of
he
there
may
court
before
witness
have
to
was
been
had
single work
George
evidence
another
quite
to
the
advocates,
that
already published.
one
nearly sixty years,
confined
In
of the
one
given
opposing
my
it ought
the
own
my
attention
for
which
that
as
evidence
the
upon
now
much
as
left to
one
best
the
public
therefore, than
evident,
the public, and
to
the
so
fairness^
also, otherwise
report
is never
in
surely,
for misleading
case
more
Conmiittee,
report
if
ought
person.
perfect right to
my
of the
diametricallyat issue, but
another
is
witness
one
be
to
upon
If
opponent.
matter^
be
they might
to
the
on
or
towards
courtesy
much
certainly
were
adopted
are
the
cause,
called
be
to
Nothing
Works
the
judgment
means
of law
of
his adversary,
their
however
the
in
he
either
and
aside
lay
adversary,
arguments
that
himself
far
so
judge
ought
to
the
by
allowed
his
support
convinced
other
would
witnesses,
of the other
one
expected
be
to
fairlybetween
colleagues
of
ignorance
not
was
judge
to
of
extreme
it
course
COTTON
ARTHUR
SIR
310
cut.
it would
(to cut
distance
Cotton's.
the
is six
hundred
mile,
miles,
the
expensive
most
witness,
The
It is
of
trying
impossible
to
the
by
As
further
carried
chairman
the
of
the
of
the
and
matter,
the
had
report,
own
public works
But
though
not
monstrous
course
dangerous
an
published
in
My
first
the
whole
of
works
the
the
returns
to
million
for
",2
six
several
the
food
in the
in
millions
of
into
the
five
millions
of
those
of any
question
year
in
late
the
Suez
suppressed.
such
considered
was
in
tive
remunera-
against
too
has
been
the
of
of
in
people
other
one
the
to
to
a
the
state
districts
of
in
year
of
before
India?
more
people
carried
districts?
And,
which
is
million
to
even
pay
year
merely
two
l)efore
of
raising
the
or
off
prosperity far
and,
than
million
of
that
us,
and
districts
great
millions
famines,
plenty
three
enabling
million
report
of
addition
the
production
quarter
of
other
famine
in
direct
the
quarter
besides
occasional
tralia
Aus-
navigation
or
surrounding
the
of
payment
Madras,
desperate
of
be
to
of
the
to
and
importance,
ten
is
it returns
Asia, China,
acres,
and
all
question
the
of
public
which
Canal,
report
point
the
effectof
year
most
this
in
main
the
irrigation and
famine, supplying
people
the
"
be
the
Eastern
the
years,
midst
finance, the
revenue
of
million
two
Treasury, according
of
an
millions
two
stated
word
irrigated districts
the
of
of
with
So
case
or
ordinary
months,
not
connection
on
importance,
most
one
three
in
independently
says
the
Treasury,
acre
highly
omits
entirely
report
instance, is
returns
of
tons
In
for
the
an
money
this
//
Europe?
which,
that
the
or
dence
evi-
Book.
India,
shareholders,
for
Blue
in
sioners'
Commis-
this evidence
of
whole
the
to
the
of
the
protested
was
experience
to
executed
it
witnesses.
published
greatest
suppose
the
and
of
in being
India, should
appointed
men
protested
according
members
procedure,
question.
with
the
experiment,
importance,
India
of
of
in
kind
lawyer
investigation
this
the
and
projected
of
principal part
the
who,
one
any
one
point is
upon
most
of
of
of
presence,
incomparably
only
worthy
opinions
given
is, that
that
of
is
real
my
I had
statement
engineer
the
in
members,
evidence"
of
investigationcarried
an
which
spiritin
the
of
so."
Precisely
"
mile.
;i"6,ooo a
this,
totally unworthy
the
;^40ôoo
be
cost
to
questioning
ascertain
to
of
nature
of
witness,
the
against
report
mode
proof
one
on,
This
honestly
country
courteously replied
the
311
would
having
cut
yet
mistake
to
down
put
canal
course,
in this style.
on
twenty-five millions
that
so
REPORT
ON
MEMORANDUM
yond
beas
millions
the
works
SIR
312
"
while
the
;i^25o,ooo, or
And
"
the
of
of hundreds
four
miles
minor
of
road,
payment
in the
report?
I would
Now,
be
what
ask,
utterly ignores
points
of
the
question,
already effected,
but
placed
before
paper
should
result
of
all
as
increased,
has
twentyfold.
increased
in
the
benefit
works
I
extension
try
have
of
2nd.
all
India
what
form
to
been
thus
improved,
the
of
people
the
British
For
Godavari
the
but
cent,
more
its
and
would
as
interest.
of
empire
such
whole
per
trade
partake
not
navigation
Some
fiftythousand
5th.
Fifteen
necessary
is
Sir
great
new
and
works,
besides
works
the
effect
vast
improved.
canal, besides
giving
so
of
"
smaller
steamboat
of
miles
of
to
sands
thou-
great
railway.
miles
[?]* miles
thousand
innumerable
are
results
the
of
besides.
4th.
query
They
canals, uniting,
thousand
The
in
innumerable
miles
Eight
the
united
estimate
some
irrigatedby
acres
3rd.
the
hundred
the
of
executed.
thousand
minor
of river
Besides
were
part
of
improvement
fiftyor
irrigation under
Four
of
not
us
Six million
St.
extent
If
the
matter
well-being
the
of
Not
let
that
inseparably
the
of
paratively
com-
that
which
in
also
that
been
England
of
sixty millions
but
has
India
points
people
subject,
and
are
not
twentyfold,
Now
this
point, since
one
the
important
what
incredible
seems
to
hundred
two
essential
really
India,
in
most
throughout
as
professing
eflfected if these
be
would
the
offered
all its parts
for
instance,
than
the
that
essentiallyinvolved,
Empire,
trade
been
the
good
year,
works
only ignores
not
of
report
of
thousand
ten
miles
public
of
extended
investigationof
of
is
India
which
It
of
tons
miles
;^3oo,ooo
incomparably
these
them.
of
think
to
subject
were
on
have
an
only
not
said
is
word
the
also
and
passengers
canal,
Treasury
we
these
triflingworks
one
the
and
importance
most
fiftythousand
some
are
investigation of
an
which
and
into
of
steamboat
of
than
more
quickly, by eight thousand
miles
canals,
the
or
stated
thousand
of
is
millions
of
much
former?
transit, which
to
cheaply, safely, and
railway,
of the
third
is not
districts
other
above
respect
conveyance
goods
to
rather
with
so
the
of
average
COTTON
ARTHUR
minor
Arthur's
information.
works
of
good
of
road.
common
telegraph.
all
over
apparently,
India.
writing
at
home,
he
had
MEMORANDUM
the
of
extent
India
calculation
simple
very
fix"m
benefits
works
these
million
produce
river
from
^besides
and
rain
and
efifects,
Two
million
Ptiblic
by
Rs.
15
vast
population
of
Works,
increase
acre,
per
such
benefits,
of
supply
drinking
of
security
as
sanitary
water,
;^9,ooo,ooo.
"
in works
acres,
doubt, the
immense
other
floods,
others
many
India
enormous
all
only.
money
to
313
beyond
the
by
irrigated,at
"
only
in
gain
acres,
REPORT
will show^
received
EstimaUd
Six
ON
but
yet opened,
not
constructed
"
;^3,ooo,ooo.
Four
canals
and
about
river
3^/.a
or
Eight
ton
Fifty thousand
fiftythousand
mile
which
eight
million
distance
average
million
less
of
opium,
post
the
of
be
taxation
per
against 4^.
;^S,ooo,ooo.
"
last
report^
two
;^25,ooo,ooo.
"
ton
per
probably
on
million
hundred
rail at
mile
of
besides
and
the
tons
mile.
of
of
the
mere
year,
or
from
office, telegraph, etc., which
the
are
money,
of
penny
water
saving in
double
not
the
the
taxes
mile
hundred
by
revenue
thirty-
per
four
millions
many
Thus,
in
transport
thousand
two
or
savings
the
third
one
and
for, deducting
is only
2d.
multitude
j;^7o,ooo,ooo
than
\d^
tons
ton
per
five
sixty miles,
the
penny
India
remainder
Thus
by
of
of passengers
one-eighth
cannot
is besides
passengers
carrying
;^62,ooo,ooo.
estimated,
be
cannot
thousand
Total
;"62,ooo,ooo
million
i//.,saving 3^.
two
or
;^2o,ooo,ooo.
"
This
an
tons,
them),
at
annum
of road, saving
miles
smaller
with
per
hundred
(besides
railway, carrying, by
of
at
tons
canals
connected
tons
four
on
miles
million
steamboat
thousand
thousand
thousand
of
navigations
hundred
one
land,
on
miles
thousand
money
whole
items
on
at
of
India,
;^3S,ooo,ooo.
:"
Land
20,750,000
Excise
2,500,000
Customs
2,750,000
Salt
6,000,000
Stamps
2,750,000
Miscellaneous
250,000
;"35,ooo,ooo
But, besides
direct
money
returns,
who
can
estimate
the
effects
SIR
314
this
of
prodigious personal
telegraph,
the
both
in indirect
people?
shall
we
the
And
of
have
been
famine
food
of
supplied by
carried
the
by
And
House
of
report
on
the
offer
the
works
public
that
done
results
the
public
be
it has
so
word
before
by
has
as
the
the
of
their
in
their
laid
member
mate
esti-
to
possible
it
Is
to
as
attempt
document,
table
the
upon
of the
and,
world, viz., that

the
on
gained.
penny
used
we
to
mind
whether
conclusion
millions
whole
perish
sum
from
what
before
the
if the
money
was
is made
they
cost
the
fiftyper
famine
expended
gold
public
cent
for want
on
in
"
money,
of them.
irrigationand
never
or
The
the
stop
in
penditure,
ex-
is
saved
penny
statesmanship
the
Save
apiece,"
mohur
works
of
climax
into
thrown
to
was
that
this
simplest thing
the
masters,
done,
of
amount
been
had
And
former
be
to
simple principle that
our
public
the
now
and
the
and
the
required
economy
affairs of
the
document
was
of
and, considering
House
side
liabilities without
the
clear
is, Stop
India
benefit
all that
under
say
decide
no
"
subject
upon
farce
seem
other
creditors
the
conclusion
the
therefore,
the
as
report
this wise
upon
exactly
sea
to
the
on
such
of
the
them
out
with-
also
it would
as
of
would
assets,
member
public works,
show
to
One
House.
on
statement
brought
the
decision
reception
who
in
appointed
conclusions
the
the
conclusions
make-believe
the
of
their deliberate
least
incredible
"
to
came
the
expenditure spoke
they
such
first to
publish
to
were
grave
The
grave
their
the
expenditure
quite satisfactory,proceed
never
quantity
Committee
already done
debates
effects, and
they
notice
least
As
of
tons
large
England
of
and
been
ever
Committee
bankrupt
forming
deluded
requested
Suppose
it
India,
of
whole
their
on
ledger
be
public
been
in
the
member
other
the
months,
has
that
been
forward
brought
single
the
million
the
etc.
water,
life in
of
without
many
the
to
what
can
of
by
And
the
loss
in future, without
of
surely the poorest

House
it been
etc., and
Commons
be
had
sittingfor
after
should
what
additional
irrigated districts, and
the
railways
now,
the
What
things.
supply
of
well-being
the
in famines,
and
regulation
in
and
letter
by
ordinary
the
lives saved
of
the
Peninsula
the
only
that
and
returns
are
millions
effects
would
intercourse^ and
money
these
of the
say
sanitary
What
COTTON
ARTHUR
rupees
so
whether
of
scores
Committee
navigation
the
now
mind
whether
to
be
state
seven-
MEMORANDUM
ON
millions, including five millions
teea
and
just
and
three
and
from
but
irrigation
acre
as
been
making
the
these
benefits.
twelve
this
works
where
works
the
in
and
the
of
the
water,
return
India
to
Thus
transit, the
one
Orissa
of
those
the
of
whole
about
the
hundred
per
been
is
of
which,
and
the
difficultyhas
the
for
millions
cheap
including
and
tal
capi-
operation.
full
returns,
money
finished,
where
in
be
not
seventy-five
return
that, with
other
manner
Buramputra,
acceptance
will
other
works
on
leaves
lately refused,
till
been
to
acre,
all the
quarter
per
due
per
15
these
the
and
three
concluding
years,
and
acre,
management,
mistake
already in
and
has
water
in famine
saving
including
proper
cannot
we
per
Rs.
capital
for
under
produce
of
cent., besides
millions
five
is
water
as
giving "^'^
above
the
tion
opera-
actually
now
acres,
be
to
this includes
J[,z
or
also
mere
far
as
in
not
unirrigated solely
increase
fiftyper
Deducting
the
under
course,
about
And
millions
cent.,
per
the
area
million
ascertained
be
to
return
six
is
and
cost,
yet in operation.
of
works
formerly
remaining
the
And
operation
all in
at
irrigated
now
the land
of
mass
thoroughly
incalculable
and
water
works
construction
under
then
not
average
this has
for
distributaries.
from
the
the
the great
of
want
millions
quarter
315
works
on
but
point of compUtiony
refusal of
supplied
from
the
on
REPORT
cent
In
Orissa, where
leased
the
for
have
Midnapur
the
additional
water
though
the
first
very
have
been
six
been
to
thus
years
spent
treated.
the
and
the
them,
would
yielding
half
though
works
are
with
certainly
now
have
been
on
finished, ;"5oo,ooo
they
have
been
"
five
or
//
Treasury.
have
results
with
common
watering
be
and
navigation
from
have
vast
out
hundred
one
the
these
that
works
while
water,
in
the
store
incomplete
now
carried
been
irrigationand
Kistna
not
things
in
only ^750,000
cent,
credit
their
works
they
they
to
and
hand
per
supplied
be
inconceivable
The
are
to
lie to
Had
of
and
that
is
use
Godavari
the
on
thirty
or
them,
money
acres
whole
on
twenty
completion,
more
and
thirty-three years
for
these
obtained.
million
The
of
spite of
vigour
been
refused
have
with
also
its
distributaries, and
the
they
So
limits
now
are
acres
120,000
that
execute
to
is that
remaining
millions
is in
refused
returned
acres
300,000
only thing
required.
allowed
refused,
was
the
hindrance
have
they
water
and
water,
Government
the
fiftyper
works
hand
only
enormously
have
six
cent.
been
twenty-five
having
been
profitable.
3i6
SIR
The
Godavari
of
quarters
when
million
it wanted
works,
time
of
miles
within
the
then
branch
Canal
end
have
been
left
would
have
water
must
whole
of
two
been
at
been
the
swept
it is
millions,
on
and
Central
of
which
on
Orissa
the
Mahanudi
the
been
have
had
all
the
about
of the
use
with
case
for
done
the
if
they
sum
of
would
community
the
been
produce
certainty that
be
miles
whole
the
of
at
cut
eighty
Calcutta
is the
very
sixty miles
with
value
could
to
this
returns
of
absolute
returns
millions
depended
This
which
the
it
difficulties
an
ten
connecting
market
away.
project,
part
miles
increased
the
that
million
^delta
upon
if the
the
At
So
the
though
completed,
once
and
other,
works, and
three
or
this, seventy
great
so
have
these
all
Of
delta,
the
world.
cent
per
populous
that,
some
the
cotton,
17
unexecuted,
to
and
whole
the
at
of
part
barrier
second
out-of-the-way
most
or
it is certain
open
were
the
sixty
; for
thrown
;"'8,5oo,
the
the
half
spent
coals
carry
of
stopped entirely
was
first
three-
of
cost
bringing
markets
the
Calcutta.
and
project
to
connect
valley with
one
in
the
and
of State
Secretary
year
to
of the
and
complete
to
navigation
of
at
on
years,
finished
have
railways
last
were
twenty-five
reach
India, merely
carried
was
;^2o,ooo
would
400
people
in
some
which
opening
of
navigation
COTTON
ARTHUR
be
doubled.
comparing
In
according
to
only
not
"
before
them
Think
of
millions
while
which
Mr.
hint
quarter
all this
viz.
full and
of
in
management
the
truthful
^"2
ten
some
Committee
in
by
a
of
have
17I
per
The
before
added,
ing
return-
"
debt,
28
the
slightest
public
must
cost
cost
the
as
point
this fundamental
But, it
per
cent,
their
the
Not
but
40
per
on
j"i
years
cent,
actually required
case
fifty
and
per
cent
on
Committee
of
denied.
now
ago,
produce
placed
be
returned
showed
100
brought
thirty-three
in
years
investigation
India.
should
on
the
report
faithful
fully
all
cost
on
return
Office,
acre
per
million
one
state
Strachey,
whole
cent,
per
not
"
returns
railways, besides
for
India
the
concealed
result
raise
or
actually returning
it appears
of
of
could
of debt, the
millions,
to
it was
at, though
and
railways
the
Treasury
the
by
found
Committee
the
General
are
them
not
was
being
impossible
country,
And
and
accumulation
and
Thornton,
and
the
evidence,
which
which
and
to
was
judging
with
works
of all this is hinted
land
and
it
cent,
in
these
of
of
;iî14,000,000
works
for
their mode
word
for
five
results
the
be
that
clearly
the
district where
it is
the
refused, that
dated
paper,
besides
works,
districts,and
than
tons), "supplied
places within
during
supported
their
besides
to
and
Godavari
raised
the
by
there
districts,
would
be taken
of the
in any
is to
debates
made
the
to
report
to
be
its
It
the
developing
of
during
the
of
have
been
times
the whole
an
the
rice
of
year
neighbouring
ripened,
acre
capitaloutlay
to
go
the
this
Commons
of
that
thus
an
the
on
the
report
saying
on
word
nor
what
about
official statement
being
famine, in
not
Madras
British
the
their ideas
of
not
respect
works, and
that
Think
famine.
effects of
to
into
India
the
the
order
to
which
irrigationworks
public
have
are
irrigation
about
transit
there
essential points of the
at
what
What
purpose
means
or
prices, in
other
can
is
been
utterly
the
effect
"
The
What
countries
do they not
attempt
no
case.
this respect ?
give itself and
productions?
the
subject of
require in
carried, and
answer
to, in the report,
truth.
respect
India, in
of
population,
rail, etc.
value
canals
four
is
and
to the
does
What
or
the
Trichinopoly
and
gross
condition
the
amazing
It
utterlymisled,
With
from
of
heartiest support of the
the
The
"
supply
and
and
inserted, or alluded
in
of
House
mentioned
contrary
an
exported
the
sea
extending
otherwise
these
of
these
about
word
from
on
in future
done
be
completion
the
is
of this is
word
roads
of the year/*
to the end
Not
by
as
Kistna
and
not
rounding
sur-
estimates
immigrant
the
deserve
;^4,950,000,
at
well
as
Again
judge
to
food
Tanjore
all
for
works
Godavari
famine, when,
the
of
time.
and
India."
of
of Godavari
own
the
from
exported by sea," (viz.,140,000
same
own
Kistna
Government
may
the
and
their
of
country
over
the
of
Godavari
population
one-fifth
schemes
that
me
"
Presidency itself for
exporting by road,
seems
Collector
the
nearly
Madras
the
the
exporting
amount
demand
famine
also
the
very
Madras
official
an
given
is
The
"
amazingly
in
Again,
hungry immigrants
besides
and
grains,which
of food
little less
at
of
crowd
works.
where
even
been
following account
supporting
great
country,
amount
the
irrigateddistricts in
effects of the
Kistna
of the
benefits
June i8, 1878,
district has
the
prosperityof
other
the
promoted by
showing,
of the water,
use
works
irrigation
Government
failure of the
only
occurred, as respects the
has
COTTON
ARTHUR
SIR
3i8
the
questions,
quantityought
circumstances
the
this ?
^that
is,can
of
full benefit
Do
the
they
ways
railcarry
the
quantities,and
the
development
prices
the
at
the
of
that
?
country
points
probably
the
owing
require
the
answer
they require
whether
The
fact
is, the
into
just
as
opened
at
it pay
Does
Government
to
than
more
wanted,
was
the
rulers
millions
170
stations
of
the
on
railways^
this
moment
very
first
of
the
deprived
supplies of
for
coal
provide
He
the
of
utterly
in vain
with
land
we
do
for
with
us
not
to
respect
provide
of
stores
the
of
means
to
the
land
and
can
carry
of
been
manure
fuel
invaluable
these
distributingthem.
which
point
on
minus
interest
Committee
the
cost
of
",..-"""""
charges,
at
pleased
"
...
Includiag
other
do.
.
is
and
proper
has
lions
mil-
unfimited
tons
the
God
that
"
""
'
of
the
India
with
and,
at
main
the
that
millions
unbounded
pletely
com-
have
wheat
distributing
means
It is
leaves
now
the
rates.
productions, if
And
of
of
subject,
this.
of
communications
burning
grain
all
on
her
for
sufficientlycheaply
it is
numbers
is to
wants
carried
England
of
want
wood,
and
want
practicable
This
of
market
at
in
want
famine,
the
this
of
instances
two
what
urgently required
more
passengers
Take
country.
quantities and
sufficient
of
was
moment
no
in
traffic
India
What
India.
for
is
rot
to
investigation
thorough
for
instance,
small
Nothing
of
utterlyparalysed for
left
were
comparatively
pulse,
goods
of
roads.
the
For
it
after sinking
that
is
whole
whether
part
do
to
the
of
is.
if the
nothing
tenth
is
asked
as
matters
into.
railway
or
inquired
be
to
or
of
inquire
to
it carried
ton,
twentieth
had
fact
is
country
moment.
millions
and
of
and
grains
the
essential
tons
the
this
the
than
of
and
real
it will
Government}
to
carried
The
country.
at
practicable prices,
and
5,000,000
question
if, whether
As
or
sole
the
prohibitory prices,were
of tons
choked
to
at
at
because
solely
and
and
of thousands
lines
India.
penny
requires
company,
make-believe,
of effectivetransit
tens
of
well-being
appointed.
cent,
per
or
is
with
whether
them
to
been
and
private
quantity required,
little
four
or
were
the
had
expense,
three
tenth
transit
of
subject
enormous
an
at
at
occurred
never
committee
no
carried
are
carried
be
to
whole
if
goods
and
line,
This
conversant
tons
100,000
certain
these, the
upon.
being
members
they
Are
of
touched
are
whether
which
points
were
penny,
with
on
if
purpose
that
so
carried
be
to
of the
one
transit
of
subject
not
to
None
eta
for
necessary
this ?
do
canals
India?
question,
the
of
319
absolutely
are
Can
practicable generally throughout

fundamental
REPORT
ON
MEMORANDUM
etc.
SIR
330
settle
question
the
that
statement
Government
nothing.
supposing the
saving
additional
first
in the
works
sufiScient to preserve
six months.
What
doubt
would
the whole
cost
in
Again,
millions
is included
This
the
i\
to
return
was
acres
150,000
is for
in
mistakes, mistakes
has
revenue
by
half millions
that, when
by
and
whatever
is
that
were
viz., the
millions.
million
the
so
of
the
Now,
the
and
case
of
in
of
the
the
the
all
returns
The
cost
was
two
was
our
repeated,the
ordinary years,
for
ten
concluding
will be
revenue
was
and,
extent
with
Further,
works
irrigation
all the incalculable
deficient
1875-6
capitalof only
certain data
Canals,
these
be
in
upon
1875-76.
Orissa
raises the
in
ordinary year
not
following them.
causes
Sirhind
and
construction
was
that year
need
completed,
year, besides
remunerative
Midnapur
have
we
are
years
given
not
that
works
these
famines
there
extending. Thus,
statement,
own
half
capitalcharged.
official year
Last
exceeding
millions,and
considerablyincreased,even
Committee's
the
In
which, of course,
been
were
half
of
this in the
under
5^. Thus
;"35 0,000, an
rapidly is it
so
acres,
loss
and
fifteen
third of the
1875-76.
Bengal.
far
MooUa,
of
instead
cent
per
is
there
half millions, the cost
Mootah
and
ten
possiblybe
cannot
of
all of which
Tank,
capitalto
further, this
400,000
four and
Ganges, Sone,
for many
revenue
is said about
expenditure
profitto the treasury of
clear
and
Nothing
total
the
irrigation
our
following years
the
operation,being nearly
reduces
return
a
in
famine
less than
no
Ekrookh
Canals, and
not
this
Lower
Agra,
in
of the works.
report
of the
There
such
of
survived.
millions of people for
perished?
one
great
Treasury
have
by
grown
the loss of
been
in that and
prevented
revenue
and
have
this,that
about
was
the
(even
to
consequence
would
the lives of ten
if these millions had
years
any
famine, rice
Madras
the
to
own
to
thb
to
'8
ment
Govern-
nothing
money
what
the
added
following,in
with
gain
cost
or
their
upon
of lives were
population compared
in
they
actual
cent,
per
actual
be
place,must
years
5*3
show
an
that
saving in
Thus,
the
"
are
years
of millions
enormous
and
famines,
the
In
statesmen),the
in
ordinary
They
And
Capital fifteen and
thus
works
irrigatum
in
Government
to
is given thus
interest
the
even
returns
interest
;;^S30,ooo,
returns
the Government
above
COTTON
is, the
irrigation.This
millions, net
half
that
"
the
first of
ARTHUR
creased
in-
saving in
account
no
in the works
of these
and
quite
a
an
works,
quarter
especial
~*"
MEMORANDUM
faOure
The
one.
but
nonrcompletion
the
by
water
removed.
It
state
of
revenue
thus
stated
the
from
that
by
of returns
entirelyowing
was
and
With
In
:"
Midnapur
landlord's
it
Be
good
rent, and
the
one
entangled, and
cent
executed
the
n^lected by
is not
intervals
storingthe
water
from
;
effort that
rule, do
is felt for
cient"
what
; and
brought
times
as
This
under
to
them
aaes;
by
allowed
bunded
that
not
show
sotne
the /^r
get
the
canals
supposed
most
labour
of
procure
titater^ while
river
of the
drop
that
need
district
to
as
be
suffi*
mismanagement,
monstrous
is rich
of
purpose
is not
supply, in
been
rasn
at
across
amount
possible every
continuous
more
kind,
of any
waier^
water
more
the
water
worth
three
to
oyer.
(Orissa).
say
:"
for
acres
Committee
f^ In
ini877-78, 95,000
that 130,000
on
go
years,
many
but
at
length,
faithful Governnient, this difficulty

seems
more
pretty,well got
wwks
to
says
illustrates the actual

it strikingly
a
for it
"^*' There
much.
was
fiuras
are
lyots (the zemindars,
this desperate anxiety to
All
is expended
too
by
supply might have
If this does
could
as
secure
the
left
are
of demand
for the
the
utterly
so
people
poor
waterhole
or
incredible
is
people
channel
is not
has
he
if,when
Haig
or
the other
to
expended
water, for
ffufr^
the natural
end
one
is thus
precious element
district that
It is almost
nothing)to
thirty-nine
pec
of
do
the
General
pool, puddle,
no
jealouslyguarded.
where
While
hopelessly
is
toils he
rate
exacting
more
these,the country
country.
whole
the
"su:
his
singleriver,drainage watercourse,
frequent
of
water, this is the state
part of the
large or small,in
and
the
thi$?
as
even
it is said
one,
authorities that the poor
revenue
the Government
in that very
bad
engineer
as
ness,
indebted-
of
limited time, is absorbed
whose
at
an
works
of bondage
state
can
invaluable
such
reiu^g
What
annum."
per
in such
charges him
who
or
claims
creditor,the villagemoney-lender, in
state
is
case
questionablebeneGt
subsistence, for
bate
wretched
most
and
poverty
but
ryot reaps
crop.
of
official report the
an
his extreme,
From
refusal of the
latter, it is already
the
to
first is the
the
"
other is the
consequence
management
**
causes
the
respect
321
essential deCact in them,
any
removable
two
simply the
was
all,beyond
the
not
was
works,
ryots.
bumper
to
of the
REPORT
ON
1876^77
latelyreported
that
the
area
; atid this year,
will have
taken
water."
to
on
irrigatedwas
be
thesei
a6,ooo
1878*79, it is estimated
But
now,
who
21
could'
SIR
322
imagine
to
the
whole
it did not
"
was
work
all
signifyhow
the
left unfinished.
been
difficultyabout
mentioned
before
in
the
the
chain
say
of
urged by Colonel
Haig
And
Governor
present
witnesses
the
long
obtain
to
completion
work
be
the
The
28.
times
of
of
to
been
There
have
of
the
in
commanded
this way,
and
project
for
navigation
the
for 2,000,000
value
the
whole
firom
the
India
with
present
water,
only
the
R.
for
rice
weirs
no
are
be
thorough
acres,
were
cheap transit,the
effect
to
produce
the
it is with
the
acres
protected
are
with
the
had
canal
1,500,000
cost
it.
of
difficulties about
supplied
made
cutta
Cal-
of
of
value
the
is in
seven
or
the
this
less than
water.
anything.
In
If
and
protection,irrigation,
carried
and
in
amount
only 640,000
while
part oj
entirelynew
an
the
giving an
i,
alone,
navigation,so
the
130^000
delta
times
to
into
is losing for want
in
(the
If the
lb. ; and
idea of what
all the
away
"
Bengal report,
question that, if
irrigation
may
of
water
as
by the
of course,
whole
swept
the
by embankments,
to
increase
enormous
And
irrigation.Under
canal
give some
before
of Calcutta.
900
by
the district,
many
moment
water.
acre,
of
one
leaving India
opened, it will give
be
by
I trust
:~"'
the
of
what
is
cannot
completed, the
would
of
1873.''
29,
surpassed in any
given
will
cutta,
Cal-
bring this province
not
acre
May
before
be
an
and
of this work
in
per
This
everythingin
last year
carried
10
this canal
water-rate.
the
Rs.
water-rate.
moment
value
are
be
cheap transit is, and
The
use
It could
value
the
produce
mittee
Com-
important
quoted
as
says,
hope
will
The
an
of
note
sure,
rice,as
17 for the
Rs.
am
canal
the
hefort all things^ was
days' journey
two
out, it will,I
of
has caused
Cuttack
between
Bengal
and
canal),
India.^'
increased
forms
for the commencement

**
value
canal
never
water-
every
completed.
This
of
"
that
was
first and
Committee
of prosperity which
Rs.
"
of
condition
Orissa
which,
brought within
carried
works
is not
*'
twenty-five
that
thing
one
way
rail-
there
; but
money
in his exhaustive
sanction
of
Cuttack
see
the
to
it cost
communication
of
completion
the
interest for
Orissa
Calcutta
If
pay
the
water
in which
way
treated
been
The
these
with
them
connecting
about
is the
mUlions
not
many
slightestdiscussion
has
link
it did
have
the
conduct
to
This
works
irrigation
in hand, though
the
wanting
are
commanded
area
of these
were
years
distributaries
that the
remaining
the
COTTON
ARTHUR
out, it would
in increased
return
would
regulate
produce and
be
fullyRs.
creased
in15
MEMORANDUM
per
or
acre,
works
total
would
besides
the
smallest
lieut-Govemor
province
there
of
would
been
Bengal,
be
not
such
it is certain
for
room
the
would
be
by
in
would
the
been
the
by
the
of
the
India."
in
this
as
There
etc.
prosperity
the
district
any
Bengal
have
cent
per
75
stated
result, as
that
of the
total cost
the
sanitation,
of
way
that
surpassed
this
and
doubt
governors
that
year,
3^3
;^4,ooo,ooo, giving
in
benefits
REPORT
exceed
certainlynot
innumerable
is not
;^3"ooo,ooo
of
ON
in
Had
previous
years,
state
present
the
of
region.
But
let
the
on
coal
vari.
loss
the
the
on
lower
there,
end
in
and
500,000
of
the
forty per cent,
per
acre,
on
irrigation ;if550,000
the
Government
have
been
then
given
the
the
tion
of the
finances,
and
in
expended
of
crease
and
the
hush
have
that
exposing them,
up
made
been
which
and
year
of
the
been
thus
that
the
to
is said
such
is the
deficiency
of the
million
half
afforded
in*
an
ryots of Godavari,
tion
misappropriathe
the
in
misapplica*
whole
tendency
abuses
object
and
instead
public works,
be
of
also
was
What
grievous
the
conceal
in
it
word
shame-
notice
the
to
This
the
profit
would
enormous
is
fact
supposed
was
to
total
Such
per
have
would
acres
Rs.
all
the
?
been
above
out
people
the
million
The
money.
is to
specimen
small
public
report
mistakes
of
the
money*
of
causes
for
cent,
not
point
to
works
ample
the^time, and
at
public
the
many
of
alone
produce
the
as
not
Yet
other
poverty
watering
this is only
of
of
the
of
in
had
sum
it is not
and
public funds,
million
spent
delta
have
five
clear
been
been
making
or
or
the
expressly brought
of
inquiriesif
of these
sum
would
year,
Committee.
this waste
about
personally
the
to
which
1,000,000,
one
was
of State
in evidence
object
this
All
this
have
would
on
half
if this
return
Secretary
report
;î
cent,
Groda-
the
of
per
in completing
;i^20o,ooo
on
Had
year.
alone
interest, or
Ailly perverted.
the
district,it
or
basin
upper
;i^5oo,ooo
of
expenditure
yields if
Godavari
the water-rate
acres,
the
now
;iî4,000
Kistna
the
in
shown,
of
treasury
the
more
Nagpur
I have
as
once
in
railways
This,
to
consider
now
us
of
the
of
Com**
mittee.
further, this
But,
reported by
return
increased
credits
the
Committee,
from
without
the
firom
return
works
these
the
irrigationand
entirely leaves
works.
Can
the
increasing the general

in
Godavari
with
of
out
wealth
taxes
;î27,ooo
navigation, as
sight
of
the
The
a
all the
direct
in-
people
be
Committee
year;
then
does
where
district
the
"act is that
The
indirectly
six
the
it is
considerable
income
And,
income
must
this
the
were
this
stated
as
works^
the
by
great, and
irrigated
to
works
which
they
Not
acres.
that
imply
mentioned
half millions,
pletion,but
besides
least
water
The
Arthur's
wealth
soon
under
calculatious
of
the
a
country
year.
and
are
which
given
they
(1900)
now
still
hold
of
the
Probably,
at
good,
are
the
Government
it is much
year
being
adding
will
the
fifteen
direct
works
more.
and
year,
at
yidd
the
of
overcome
millions^
contribution
alone
com*
water
acceptance
already in fact
and
one
already cut,
least
ever
were
;^25oôooa
which
works,
canals
report
approaching
now
will return
main
or
indudes
area
extent
in the
time
800,000
without
works,
difficulties about
that
could
as
400,000;
the
water
;^33,ooo
works
Sone
the
these
as
six miUions
Bengal
Midoapur
and
overcome^
;"a 5,000,000
the
operation,
acres
as
are
of
Orissa
506,000
the
times
the
was
remarks
the
report
short
to
will
they
of
sum
of capital here
cost
in
not
the
^xoo,ooo
the
this
of
return
millions
four
of
of
efiiectively,
year
it
year
the
all
doing
were
think
that
they
this is stated, but
works
the
and
restricted,
of
Only
as
the
But
word
In
at
are
;"x3o,ooo
five
in
completed
nearly
voy
now
are
do.
likelyto
now
actual
in the
or
they
official
last
stated
will
interest
The
out
;îo7,ooo,
year
certainty that
acres;
are
these
last
Government
150,000
was
Bengal, whidiis
was
is absolute
the
Soae
in
finances, if
of
carried
that
finances.
ît projects
to
respect
total
so
indirect,
instead
their being
without
ar^
1S75-76,
there
above
return
the
for
with
to the
the
and
year
the
taxes,
is utterly false.
without
Of
as
to
is
there
people
paid
alone, direct
And
of those
revenue
gross
returns
wories.
;iîo,ooo,ooo
million
the
;â,ooo,ooo
report.
they
as
even
;^s3,ooo
as
*'
the
is
one
report
irrigationworks
probably
moment
the
the
the
directly
great
Treasury.
about
of
respect
the
cent
in
them,
least
at
enrich
per
add
question,
sole
the
of
returns
in
ten
less than
no
the
all
of
to
works
difference
by
to
coming
it
of
about
merely
even
thus
of
watered
people
the
of this is due
with
so
now
the
country
this additional
and
impossible
this
;"3oo,ooo
acres
to
portion
the
of
of
income
of
and
year,
increase
an
die
of
revenae
before
was
aboat
about
works,
the
to
millions
increase
an
said
is
the
of
revenue
;^57o"ooo,
now
Nothing
report
On
is
It
^350,000.
or
The
from?
;"3so,ooo.
increase
the
of
rest
come
CX"TTON
ARTHUR
Sm
324
is at
If
Sir
to
the
least
SIR
326
raised
of
district from
the
^570,000
and
year,
two
and
he
left
the
port
district
that
what
district
water
that
such
that
have
that
things
could
been
India,
millions
would
make
instead
such
as
of
if this gentleman
to
respecting
and
the
prosperity
knowledge
things ?
of
these
head
districts
which
have
other
parts
awful
famine, which
of
million
of
of
respect
to
scheme
for
the
"
in the
"
dead
mainly
it has
been
the
assertion
these
the
are
of
and
tricts
dis-
means,
the
in
in
plenty
of
the
of
ground
spite
dreds
hun-
this
full crop
tion
popula-
"
awful
adjoining
the
Committee
Sir
Arthur
the
of
with
personal
irrigation
it is pure
for
it.
My
to
this
time
Throughout
tricts.
dis-
Cotton's
his
upon
this is that
irrigationup
on.
in
to
most
with
Treasury, sold
working
to
of
so
of
perished
based
objection
shadow
midst
district,even
that
state
My
out,"
the
these
of
made
"eu:
the
millions
ten
the
cost
has
population
from
whole
carried
the
derived
think
to
how
have
was
not
Orissa
personal
no
railways, strewed
India
deltas."
I take
in
They
of
in
have
we
in
which,
to
one
irrigation
with
come
of finance, and
I
What
who
own
fed
to
And
each
on
and
also
is
are
surrounding
every
evidence.
my
What
full revenue
"
*^
say,
you
and
well-irrigated districts
the
must
did
our
astonishing effects, applicable
districts
"
of
yielded
There
were,
left
millions
experience,
works
India
advert
must
he
met
famines, and
such
prices, kept their

five
been
India?
of
produced
thousands
famine
have
questions
no
being spent
both
maimer,
at
here
''
that
the
hundred
one
carefully avoided
conclusion
of
out
through-
to
what
districts."
these
of
famine, and
credit
really
are
were
course,
only.districts
Treasury
But,
of
people
Were
the
that
success
in respect
the
of
afford,
'*
complete
the
of
asked,
seeing
which, if it extended
receipts
difficulties
the
both
from
districts
is
reported
in Madras,
effectually delivered
thirty-five,and
other
no
without
The
the
perous
pros-
avoided
and
year,
fact
Government,
to
revenue
Trichi*
to
incredible, of
seem
is the
there
be, but
fully and
he
way
thoroughly
returned
has
It will
India.
for
he
that
so
;i^75o,ooo
of
ally,
gener-
same
went
other
the
to
districts
south
the
Tanjore,
revenue
dso,
do
can
yield
rule
paying
in
state
revenue
the
In
the
to
the
of the
that
landing.
without
of
districts
the
India, raising
all
half times
confines
of
lowest
district, and
Kistna
the
on
seeing
the
by the
nopoly,
bdow
COTTON
highest prosperity in
very
passed
ARTHUR
my
vention.
in-
words
ever
wher-
exami-
MEMORANDUM
nation
is
there
based
were
what
to
think
directly
whom
the
of
of
speak
to
will
can
when
fact,
have
no
REPORT
showed
works
they
opportunity
calculations
my
GodavarL
in
in
due
thus
327
that
irrigation
produce
that
the
the
of
cost
Committee
contrary
they
the
was
which
of
cost
increase
the
and
word
one
upon
everywhere
India,
not
ON
the
it
to
various
that
of
refuting
stated
parts
What
make
recklessly
know
are
of
we
assertions
the
of
person
them
CHAPTER
Railways
could
live
few
every
and
all, and
at
good
Hon.
A.
real
THE
in
irrigation
question
the
these
first
proof,
or,
full
he
railways
that
fair
with
the
of
as
he
second,
late
was,
canals
The
the
all
in
very
official
had
could
existence
of
but
ought
transport
to
the
the
irrigation
India
to
have
compare,
and
famine.
multiplicity
To
abundant
with
possibly
and
"
answer.
irrigation
sanest
upon
India
and
life, of
tain
cer-
canals
one
against
of
country
respect
as
not
with
his
while
for
country
do
or
additional
the
in
save
India
through
India,
answer
such
that
Though
the
necessary
unhesitatingly,
one
famine
railways,
was
the
to
properly-constructed
preservative
statesmen,
needed
not
are
it
the
of
as
preserve
in
compete,
Derby,
Lord
British
in
treatment,
canals
best
Arthur
said,
always
and,
point
faced.
Do
not
Sir
questions
real
be
produce,
of
chapter,
timable.""
ines-
simply
was
to
was
railways
purposes
last
the
now
involved
and
is
certain-recurring
canals,
would
lines,
the
and
issue
Further
goods,
trunk
To
"
value
Committee,
has
actual
Granting
''
passengers,
serve
what
the
duty,
its
Select
navigation
and
famine
from
done
commerce,
Victoria.
in
frequently
is
its
country,
M.L.A.,
the
the
veiled,
partly
of
of
which
India,
it
famine,
for
the
considered
had
enquiry
remedy
Deakin,
point
indeed,
whole
of
government
famine
by
railways,
upon
millions
it
decimated
be
influence
without
for
would
more
its
Canals
Navigation
everywhere,
millions
Reckoning
years.
the
Hindu
the
''pays
not
and
Irrigation
v.
Irrigation
XI
To
same
the
mind
as
far-seeing
most
of
tion
naviga-
railways
was
navigation
and
depended.
been
the
same
in
each
IRRIGATION
instance
of
autiiorities
laid
what
down
At
this
in
1878
the
was
first
moderate
su^êstion)
"
the
direct
India
return
value
true
irrigation
afforded
of human
relief.
of
that
they
the
of
But
they
of
giving certainty
the
valuable
more
the
Punjab
extremity
such
and
barley,
season
The
on
when
value
italics
are
In
all
per
in the
of
the
and
are
of
acre
measures
average
rainfall
of wealth,
ing
increas-
lands
to
cases
to
be
of
we
the
southern
lie
is practised,
rice,
see
may
indigo
financial
where
the
at
of
place
must
From
grown.
irrigation
; and
the
enabling
and
crops,
wherever
stretches
in all
revenue
drought
source
Tinnevelly
to
manifest
unwatered
mine
the
of crops
taking
according
great
ing
sav-
of
years
of
the
of
costly
very
tion
protec-
by
loss
in
in
direct
drought,
of
net
in them.
agricultural operations,
north,
wheat
broad
of
the
judged
be
the
much
financial
invested
is to
seasons
peninsula,
results
works
only
not
description
or
sugar-cane,
is
to
out-turn
to
avoidance
service
great
reference
outlayîncurred
of value.
are
are
it
be
of construct-
their
capital
in years
life,by the
and
remitted,
them
by
from
too
by
reckoned
be
must
been
policy
value
with
the
on
differently. First,
the
their
giving
arising
It has
to
as
only
of
unquestionably
must
measure
Government
to
makes
for
adopted
famine
place
considered
success,
be
may
of irrigation}
worksyto
ingsuch
and
balancing
usually
from
discussions
in
custom,
The
FIRST
the
mendation
recom-
"
that
means
to works
assigned
protection
the
droughty
of
Report,
remarkable
Commission
submitted
was
Among
the
which
in
terms
ment
Govern-
Commission's
this
view
made
1879, plainly
Indian
of the
and
in
(remarkable
is, that
which
in
England
ii. of the
record
record
1879--80,
duty
significant statement,
most
But,
in
329
is the
Their
of
and
of part
150
page
PLACE"
What
respect
Commission
India
in
enquiries
"FIRST
Cotton'a
this
in
Famine
own
HAVE
Arthur
Sir
was
as
the
their
TO
millet
growing
at
absolutely
success,
contrary
that
is
not
or
productive."
un-
is the
stated
of
payment
rule
Commission
Office
from
now
that
mentioned
mission's
"Looking
OF
COUNTRY
unfavourable
it will
be
the
customary
the
on
introduction
of
errors
which
be
the
it
works
be
would
to
accept
to
incur
CAN
the
remedied
is
so
or
sparse
that
of
follows
design,
could
be
not
Only
be
oj
of the
cheaper
reliej than
famine
on
made
cost
it would
that
or
and
occurred,
the necessary
of expenditure
their
in
change
completely.
use
where
backwardness
have
less
more
of
capital outlay,
defects
not
IT;
reason
necessarily
to
THE
ON
by
the
to
which
exceptionally greats
so
the
great
should
offered^ or
were
of canals^
cost
THERE
the
TO
case
on
it is due
irrigation, or
likelihood
the
that
which
population
irrigation if
return
FIND
SPENT
the
in
TO
WORTH
BEEN
be
to
agriculture,
of
Com*
india
HARD
NOT
HAS
adopting
management
may
where
of
system
after
the
of
BE
IS
money
in
cultivators
WOULD
seems
found
generally
of
position
THAT
direct
feelings
pages
152
page
Sir
out
"
THAT
reverse
Two
even
IT
MONEY
the
on
refrain
arouses
express.
present
WORKS
THE
where
an
of
the
irrigation,
SYSTEM
and
it is stated
at
TO
ANY
not
namely
above,
Report,
RESPECT
I may
leave
carry
past
same
which
to
is
but
also),the
they
steps
in the
neglect
oughts
words
if
energetic
most
which
indignation
in
whatsoever
Their
plans.
fund
sinking
it
(and,
emphatically
excuse
no
taking
Arthur's
of
provide
to
reported
India
the
dividend
reasonable
the
be
to
not,
COTTON
ARTHUR
Sm
330
BE
ANY
DOUBT
AS
TO
OF
ADVANTAGE
THE
IRRIGATION,
or
as
which
to
the
the
genertd financial position of
its outlay
on
expediency
such
this
Even
official
does
official
are
taken
into
*'
thus
than
account
But,"
referred
two
to
the
State
say
the
"
the
"
limits
imposes
on
all Sir
if
possible temporary
by
the
there
is
this
all
on
the
the
narrow
conditions
Cotton's
Arthur
Commissioners,
given
and
^triumphant
triumphant
of
advice
further,
pages
vindication
more
the
exhaust
not
Yet
lines,
the
within
it
undertakings*^
Commissioners.
triumphant
extending
of
tions.
conten-
although
we
ill-success
of
have
irrigat
UNDOUBTED
tion
works
in
some
stages of their
ACTUAL
TO
development^
THE
CLASS,
INDIA
OF
VIEW
THAT
A
COMPLETELY
JUSTIFIES
GOVERNMENT
OF
EXTENSION
AN
DURING
LAST
THE
OF
THIS
THAN
EXTENT
WHICH
WHICH
CARRIED
HAS
INDIA
OPPOSED
MEASURES
THE
THE
OTHERWISE
TO
REMUNERATIVE
POSITIVELY
early
THAT
WORKS
ARE
WHOLE,
the
ALTOGETHER
IS
EXISTING
THE
AS
TAKEN
again repeat
must
we
33^
in
particularly
more
cases,
EXPERIENCE
IRRIGATION
OF
ADVANTAGE
THE
FOR
OUT
THEIR
YEARS
TWENTY
OR
MORE."
The
*\
.
operation
tEe~
in
was,
within
amounts
small
very
fraction
capital outlay, including
works
not
cent
unanswerable
how
show
increased
been
before
effect
same
be
may
^P
'ah
was
1,324,000
year
of
at
the
drought
on
as
The
The
acres.
raised
grains
^^
*^
;"'2,26o,ooo.
follows
high
the
of
Jumna
i
Doab
Arthur
Cotton's
report
of
mass
:"
of
resources
India
ing
follow-
evidence
^'^^^
total
weight
prices
two
canals
completed
on
^*
area
and
which
principal
Canal
Canal
to
1877-78
in
had
irrigated by
158,000
the
been
them
value
of
the
food
ruled
during
that
canals
were
:"
Tons.
West
statements,
irrigation, the
the
the
and
Commission.
outlay
^"'î*^
th
the
neglect
extension
Sir
and
from
on
than
more
following
the
works
quoted
the
The
2.
irrigation
wealth
her
by
part of
be
to
Commissioners
the
greatly
this
comparative
justify
The
the
on
utilised."
of the
of
which
cent
per
If
found
is
than
more
position.
instances
the
income
railways,, are
which
statements
To
in
jC3"25o,ooo spent
about
still,in view
of
extension
six
to
operation.
followed,
afterwards
great
works
tiie
jg*1,165,800,
capital actually
the
on
astounding
which
have
the
excluded,
per
More
into
yet brought
be
seven
of
1879-80,
year
whole
outlay
whole
the
of
income
net
Value.
j"i,i47,ooo
i4i"4CO
789"ooo
299,400
i"936,ooo
culated
cal-
value
The
of other
It may,
j"'940,ooa
one"half
of
would
Punjab
an
amount
the
lost
the
outlay
supplies
th"
raised
crops
irrigated
but
for
had
the
the
been
of
wealth
of
cost
relief.
the
remitting
The
canal
net
however^
was,
half
of
necessity
cent
per
operation,
inadequate
area
only
of
the
on
which
result
test
value
their
increased
the
entire
from
irrigation
and
seven
outlay
single
five
on
4.
^"^
'
Provinces
evidence
able
and
of
the
The
cent,
in
Punjab
working
outlay
which
and
Bengal
;
and
but
the
expenses.
on
the
Half
; and
it may
that
three-fourths
thus
repaid
jf 315,600,
was
the
millions
the
to
ment
Govern-
to
revenue
on
sequently
con-
was
whole
of
which
are
not
or
capital
one
and
unproductive.
of
results
was
the
which"
provinces
net
of
crops,
lost
provinces
per
still
were
its value,
of
these
value
autumn
; so
The
year.
irrigated
"6fi20fl00.
these
works
Pro-
area
the
wholly
of
three-quarter
and
by
been
quarter
millions
quarter
at
the
in
The
estimated
;f 3,000,000
of
North-west
acres,
wealth
by
the
1,461,000
have
first cost
in that
country
in
occupied
the
the capital outlay
877-78
jf4,346,00a
was
was
that
said
canals
was
which
of
end
been
irrigation, must
safely
about
the
to
year
on
the
in
completed
QQ
that
of
the
and
had
they aiTorded, Grovem-
Punjab
five
wholly
Up
vinces
Pr^î!i!^rr
be
the
in
unwatered,
by ;f 1,438,000,
of
famine
for
if
that
country.
3.
In
from
at
reckoned
canals
canals
two-durds
works
on
be
year,
two
protection
about
being
one
cane,
(sugar-
estimated
was
all if the
in that
heavily
year
etc)
perished
by these
providing
for
obviously
at
the
for
have
"iigflOOj
raised
about
to
but
and
revenue
have
altogether
equal
revenue^
capital
been
would
canab
two
exaggeration,
increased
was
would
ment
crops
that
and,
these
on
grown
without
have
So
the
to
these
not
absent
works
crops
COTTON
dyes, oils, vegetables,
cotton,
or
ARTHUR
Sm
332
Sone
probably
irrigation
Behar
here,
there
too,
receipts
Up
in the
as
to
canals
twenty
have
the
had
per
North-west
is
at
end
been
cent
favour-
so
abundant
length
of
1878
ceeded
ex-
the
" i^goifioo^
is
due
to
SIR
334
importing
was
lation,
the
have
to
of
Godavari
delta,
by
is believed
quantity
Over
8.
j^^*^."
strtificial
on
irrigation,
crops
with
Bengal,
it has
inches,
is
forty
in
cent
per
an
found
been
while
exported
be
only
and
the
of
excess
sugar-cane
that
grown
rental
of
in
Midnapur,
of
of
produce
of
help
the
rainfall
average
that
land.
by
in
the
equal
an
with
even
The
of
port
India
grown
vailing,
pre-
sterling.
jf870,000,
part of
the
of
then
prices
the
greater
can
the
popu-
deltas
Cocanada,
been
the
rice
and
at
have
to
the
^^ 5,000,000
from
sea
valued
was
in
its
of
portion
produced
less than
not
exported
large
c^culated,at
is
been
COTTON
of
rice
Kistna
and
quantity
food
value
the
Godavari
ARTHUR
fifty-five
rice
irrigated
unirrigated
on
lands.
The
9.
"
^^^**
ordinary
doubled
*^
Northern
in
land
irrigation, while
by
eleven
in
tal
on
districts
Rs.
Rs.
to
1.4.0
Tinnevelly
irrigated
the
fetch
The
above
per
the
tify the
value
of
any
^^
^trpTÎ'
qucnt
of
be
would
revenue
answered
in
possible
would
be
eight
price
Mysore
of
"3$
was
did
time
great
works
be
particular
tract
drought,
the
not
if,at
from
irrigation
liable
is
and
the
direct
to
whether,
is
in
large
time,
which
source
frethe
that
such
questions
same
rest
rather
considered
these
If
and
their
on
its relief, and
for
to
error
population
incurred.
affirmative,
introduce
to
the
In
same
It should
necessary
be
the
in
In
water.
selling
the
at
irrigation
famine,
of
event
valley
indeed
serious
or
tenfold.
average
land
alone.
whether
large outlay
the
It would
revenue
ex-
nearly
with
supplied
from
rises
rental
average
los.
grounds
Jus-
is
dry
;f2 tojf
10.
which
when
Cauveri
best
*^
acre
1875-76,
in
the
Madras
increase
lands
acre.
per
54.0
preceding
years
of
can
loss
are
it is
be
'
relied
on
in
Government
might
hesitation.
the
prosperity
power
of
of
years
the
usually
The
and
drought,
of
embark
population,
general
and
any
on
result
certain
the
without
will
the
be
well-being
the
excessive
cost,
out
enterprise withan
and
development
increase
of
productive
of
every
MISERY"
"TERRIBLE
indirect
which
from
soarce
FROM
the
FAMINE
of
wealth
335
the
country
springs.
When
almost
minatory
extension
"
of
With
the
misery
to
risk
of
being
this
repeat
advice
the
concerning
the
This,
to
advice^
perhaps,
and
considered,
great
neglect
tanks
which
for
^ver
large
Owing
years
this
to
when
is in
available
pools
and
A
daily
Hindus
state
avaricious
every
owned
newspaper,
"
â
to
of
want
of
of
of
things,
small
and
is
the
piece
of
by private
land
individuals
edited, owned,
strikingly moderate
into
and
journal
country
and
shallow
to
hold
too
attention
rain
tanks
falling
reservoirs.
and
of
famine
and
by
the
landholders
nunja.
have
published
paid
water
inevitable,
miscalculating
May
striking
the
accelerated
measure
of
the
up
occurrence
almost
of
digging
is any
existing
ancient
part
in
rule
our
loth
found
gathering
seldom
the
the
tion
atten-
Under
following
and
Nor
for
into
be
hanjing
is
every
the
up
water.
fail
no
which
occasional
silted
land
monsoons
contingency
of
of
areas
lakes
facilities
the
improving
in
found
large quantities
any
almost
in
neglect
and
often
are
found
selves,
them-
direct
to
the
British
upon
towards
newspaper^
this
few, and
too
action
our
Hindu
tanks
which
importance.
vast
the
acted
irrigation question
be
to
in
place
be
And^
is
it
of
beyond
authorities
Provinces?
see
marked
has
The
cleansing
by
the
yet it is of
The
''
terms
best
describes
1900,
to
is the
are
Carnatic.
are
they
of
phase
will
be
works
might
Will
Indian
British
the
placed
weak
ruler."
the
in the
urge,
of
be
however
to
terrible
practical system
some
the
capricious
or
States.
the
would
we
and
upkeep
of
"
say,
mainteagnce
subverted,
use
Feudatory
that, if possible, it should
Government
given
that
the
to
the
famine,
efficient
the
ensure
regard
in
recent
possible,
irrigation, and
public
the
by
Commissioners
us," they
before
manner
devised
with
works
irrigation
evidence
the
Mysore,
language
wrought
strongest
the
with
dealing
to
Small
been
in
this
dency
tenvert
con-
tanks
allowed
in Madras,
wholly
SIR
336
be
to
silted
be
the
that
up
converted
tanks
become
in
into
of
quantity
There
hundred
The
of
the
such
Those
under
followed
works,
received
from
the
have
the
their
authorities
far-reaching
mistaking
recommendations
as,
if
What
was
(so
only
done
in
the
On
that
which
source,
Sir
Arthur's
printed
that,
of
the
such
particular
having
appointment
own
any
closely
George
as
official
to
irri*
mendations
recom-
of famine^
greatly failing in
utmost
point
bold
there
Enquiry
public
and
was
they argued
serve
disregard
this
were
to
out
as
large
How
as
preventative
sure
Commission
would
not
far
competent,
with
have
Sir
their
of
navigation
pronouncement
the
canal
conversation
in
and
emphasis
out,
may
water-
possibility
up
like
have
of
following
of
carried
authorities
line
not
and
opponents
irrigation policy.
the
to
who
and
they
as
gone)
not
than
of
Indian
an
irrigation
of
FIRST,
were
in
duty,
were
reservoirs."
deep
Cotton
unmistakable
and
the
ought
the
storing
Arthur
Commission
the
being
and
guidance,
the
the
from
studied
taken
distinct
gation
Sir
others,
have
for
article, declares
same
coming
arguments
and
the
is
spacious
Arthur's
the
Campbell
so
in
have
Sir
plus
sur-
to
more
acre
every
against
famines
rejoiced
who
the
use
obtained
authorities
with
measure
of
water
have
any
After
the
part of
pronouncement,
would
another
in
of
leave
tiie
Presidency.
occurrence
quantities
and
their
be
matter.
directly
well-calculated
only
by
accession
could
this
to
deal
to
in the
Hindu^
the
Madras
given
have
them,
after
immense
an
years' administration,
position
in
area
years^
washing.''
or
that
doubt
no
attention
catchment
'*
be
to
purposes
drinking, bathing,
irrigable
adequate
in
agricultural
on
small
is too
lay
out-
districts
dimensions
bordering
hold
they
for
can
present
lands
their
and
recent
several
in
in
narrowed
laboar
small
Within
villages
of
water
of
purposes
be
the
owners
available
with
lands.
nunja
of
many
of
COTTON
they might
considerably
aggression
ARTHUR
If
are
good,
recommendation.
instance?
no
the
such
the
TO
IRRIGATION
The
said
Famine
then
bare
Commissioners
that,
else
tired
never
This
of
provided
to
in
enet^
enterprise
word
in
to
twenty
works
said
1898-99.
this
year
possible
as
the
works
often
were
tion
tempta-
no
and
additional
it,where
which
river
the
easily export
tional
addi-
was
the
he
looked
will
circumstances,
of
concerning
the
return
for,
stimulate
for
oldest
tionally, may
as
They
and
were
presidency
lead
the
way
and
for
London
in
are
as
statements
the
in this
most
array
was
cited
the
only
be.
in
various
for
up-to-date
to
that
that
commissionerships
available
statistical
all
witnesses
reports
chief
is
the
by
answer
justify
The
(1900) and, therefore,

Indian
The
than
them.
good
so
pronounced
was
1880
more
deserve
to
administration
presidencies, provinces,
of
expensive
richly-nurturing
from
favour
later, they
years
justification are
year
the
continued
financial
their
aforetime
been
Arthur
as
capital
not
come
Commissioners
Famine
had
navigation
was
raised
such
leaving
irrigation
Have
had
"
in
alone,
which
and
gain
for
could
he
and
Sir
Unless
provide
land
his
the
on
outlets, and, for all practical
desert
to
when
of
hope
most
some
They
even
irrigation
though,
case,
337
1880.
enquiry,
irrigation, there
as
in
undertaking,
transit
cultivator
the
produce
the
out,
with
preparing
If
water.
the
the
cultivator
the
their
consideration,
left in
well
as
of
pointing
were
purposes,
of
was
provided
never
were
of
out
PLACE"
reported
date
aspect
fully justified.
"
the
to
commercial
ever}^hing
"FIRST
HAVE
in
as
the
May
it is
Madras,
important
of evidence.
22
irriga-
SIR
338
COTTON
ARTHUR
CONCERNING
STATEMENT
1898-99.*
PRESIDENCY,
MADRAS
THE
IN
Surplus
WORKS
IRRIGATION
ALL
Revenue,
To
During X89S-99.
end
Rs."
Rs.*
net
during
system
the
revenue
from
the
after paying
chaises,
interest
cent,
the
on
15-75
ccz^^*
P^^
The
year.
return
^^
previous
cent
9.4 per
ultimate
annum
per
The
capital outlay.
receipts from navigation
76,581
Rs.
"The
cent
against 9.49
net
3,02,11,515
1.33
90,493
12,01,401
per
the
vious
preceipts
re-
50,857."
System
return,
after
paying
4.76 per
charges, was
the capital outlay against
interest
on
in
cent
per
4.12
in
Rs.
to
Anicut
"The
navigation
The
amounted
15,17,007
paying
capital outlay
cent,
per
year.
cent
Rs.
total
the
PennAru
rose
after
return,
charges, was
on
from
System
net
interest
89,663."
Rs.
to
Delta
KisTNA
3.
against
^^c
the
on
2.
15.02
was
anticipated
was
the
capital outlay
Indirect,'
and
'Direct
year,
3,70.98,763
19,62,473
"The
per
System
Delta
GoDAVARi
1.
of
X898-99.
the
previous
f)
year.
Madras
'
Although
in
statements
they stand
rough
and
by 15
to
regard
West
went
it
to
purposes
arrive at the
to
many
Provinces
the "1,
long series
all
of years,
of the
and
the
present
Madras
the
reader
value
has
of the
works, and
considered
that
only
rupee
some
be
stated
wiser, where
the
figures,exactly as
For
reproduced here.
be
Punjab, profitswere
130-164.
pp.
figures should
money
it has been
ofiicial records, should
the
ready
in rupees,
than
cover
in
that
intended
was
sterling rather
the
Report^ 1S98-99,
Admimstratian
*"
to
to
divide
thfc "
of those
realized
the
amounts
sterling.
in the
when
ten
In
North*
rupees
4.
Samoam
charges,
The
year.
highest
area
is
crop
the
System
.
paying
after
return,
net
interest
charges,
cent
the
capital outlay against
the
previous
on
41.26 in
net
interest
the
in
"
the
previous
The
the
than
crop
"The
Cttmbum
capital outky^"
Arkenkota
System.
return
the
17.39
was
capital outlay."
Channel
on
8.69
System
the
on
System
was
return
actual
cent
tion
irriga-
first crop
return
the
on
9. Thadapalli
"The
crop
higher
Rivers
actual
cent
this
elsewhere."
Tank
"The
that
highest
the
much
actual
cent
than
second
of
the
to
first
Under
area
bears
Minor
7. Ganjam
1.73
while
is
attained.
yet
irrigation
per
cent,
per
less
acres
record,
on
proportion
per
paying
year.
second
system
per
after
x.82
was
406
only
highest
under
limit
System
irrigated under
area
is
crop
year."
return,
charges,
per
capital outlay against
the
on
37.91
was
Anicut
Srivaikuntam
"The
la
first
Delta
''The
8.
previoos
record."
on
5. Cauvsri
29^9^^
the
in
irrigated during
under
year
Rs.
was
16,234
Rs.
against
paying
after
return,
net
interest
6.
System
Amicut
**The
the
IRRIGATION
PROM
PROFITS
GREAT
15.94
was
capital outlay."
System
Channel
"
cent
The
on
actual
the
return
was
3.78 per
capital outlay."
339
SIR
340
ARTHXJR
COTTON
To
During
1898-99.
Rs.
11.
Kalingarayan
Channel
*'The
cent,
per
12.
Palar
''
return
the
on
Anicut
The
cent,
13.
actual
PoiNAY
the
10,175
of
Rs.
"55,673
12.72
was
capital outlay."
System
actual
on
tem.
Sys-
end
1898-99.
return
1,23,049
5.92
was
16,37,386
per
capital outlay."
Anicut
System
46,204
7,24,044
30,831
3,59,208
31,086
6,63,703
"The
actual
cent
per
14.
return
the
on
Cheyaru
was
19.95
capital outlay"
Anicut
System
.
"The
cent
15.
actual
on
the
return
7.60 per
was
capital outlay."
ChembrambAkam
Tank
.
"
The
cent,
16.
on
actual
the
Madras
return
capital outlay."
Water
Supply
Irrigation
"The
cent
17.
cent
18.
return
actual
on
the
1.2
per
System.
5.39
was
Anicut
the
return
System
6.22
was
Anicut
20.
actual
on
the
per
cent
System
return
was
3.50
Anicut
actual
on
15,826
3,82,514
2,489
72,183
12,665
2,08,708
per
per
capital outlay."
Vriddhachalam
"The
39,090
per
cent
3,533
capital outlay."-
Mehmattur
"The
"12,367
capital outlay."
actual
on
was
return
Tirukkoyilur
cent
21,121
capital outlay."
Anicut
"The
19.
the
Valluru
"The
and
System.
actual
on
4.16 per
was
the
return
was
tem.
Sys-
25.46
capital outlay."
-irfj
COTTON
ARTHUR
SIR
34^
Revenue,
DEFICIT
shomng
IVorks
end
To
Dttring
1896-99.
~vir
"^^"a"
Rs.
Rs.
I.
KURNOOL-CUDDAPAH
2.
Barur
3.
Periyar
i,49,49i034
8,577
System
Tank
^74,321
thowini^
Figwet
i"92,396
Project
resalutocndof
*'The
is
project
and
4.
3*24,352
CaNAL
of
X89B-99.
at
RusHiKULYA
''The
first
X89S-99,
are
Works
second
area
crops
both
under
is steadily
increasing."
Summofy,
Smplua.
No.
Rs.
Works
recording
profit in
1898-99
Works
recording
Net
deficit
surplus
not
12,18,198
1,27,522
Project.
ungated
and
pleted
com-
yetavmilable.
Protective
Major
partly
only
work."
in
1898-99
25
1,20,72,018
.
11,62,358
6
.
Rs.
profit
.
1,09,09,660
"REPORTS
BEST
.
Works
I.
MfmiRU
?.
DoNDAPAD
IN
INDIA"
343
under
ConsfrucUon^
Projbct
Project
.
Sagileru
3.
"
Upper
The
that
of
results
the
project
the
financial
is
of
aspect
be
further
particu-
[No
show
year
lars
the
fur-
ntshed.]
fairly promising.
should
There
Project
increase
of revenue."
Project
Chopaud
4.
The
works
The
in
the
the
position
for
water
rivers
the
"
long,
private enterprise,
river,
deltaic
scheme.
Madras,
south,
extreme
between
the
by
two,
the
The
in character,
lessons
in
one
of the
the
of
three
interior
Tanjore,
another
the
its
plain
great
repeating
schemes
by
here,
below
as
in
Caira
the
; at
and
be
course
deltaic, and
Bengal,
If
Cauveri
to
the
Egypt
own
Then
Tuticorin,
in
the
near
tank.
Madura,
are
one
its
patches
below
of
area.
the
mouth
Barur
watered
delta
the
irrigated
smaller
at
over
land, while
Periyar project, now
great
country
at
the
important
indicates
Company's
are
Gopal-
streams
great
it leads, has
inland,
five
form
east
work,
two
their
mountains
Madras
There
great delta
the
come
the
and
the
in
the
to
and
relief
pour
"
once
the
Ganjam
famine
Kistna
unite
which
to
as
and
strip
Pennar
Orissa, is the
at
where
north,
extreme
glance
undertakings
state
great
;^5o,ooo. Southwards,
is
indicates
report
all
work,
their
well-arranged.
the
he
though
of
records
and
of
to
which
narrow
Madras
Department,
India, for
in
annual
the
Godavari
large tracts,
two
which
for
best
undertaken
canal,
estimate
the
eastwards
tidal
pur
lucid
At
supply.
curves
the
character
and
the
to
Irrigation
admirable
public
prefacing
map
coast
Madras
exceptionally
are
alludes
terms.
respects
some
provinces
these
authority
the
of
reports
are
the
at
flattering
in
says,
Australian
great
manded
com-
of
similar
likeness
is the
struction.
con-
and
gift
of
SIR
344
the
ARTHUR
Nile, certainly Bengal
the
Godavari,
have
Kistna,
endowed
the
remarkable
certain
their
those
were
executed
from
those
famine,
and
that
end.
the
Under
1889-90;
works
interest
State
for
net
would
responsible
its
be
only
the
during
for
remissions
was
the
to
commanded
by
their
construction,
and
done
in
result
by
those
in
of
means
one
million
two
hundred
they
da}rs
yield
the
estimate
of
whole
the
works,
thirds
b
be
irrigated
just
only
the
of
the
short
taken
of
have
now
area,
the
which
;^5,50o,ooo,
at
the
same
and
sum,
were
by
sand
thouderived
after
deducting
of
the
areas
of
is the
Nor
there
nearly
two
while
the
over
for
in
is
supplied
if the
this
but
were
million
revenue
;^50o,ooa
crops
the
The
one-third
by
remaining
means
to
work
the
administration,
which
to
per
watered
revenue
accounts.
acres,
of
value
irrigated
in
;f90,ooo
from
risen
areas
seven
executed
value
the
to
loss
irrigated prior
the
case
thousand
fifty
is
Many
were
upon
works,
new
and
official
in each
hundred
even
the
The
were
direct
works
unfavourable
acres
has
three
appears
sense
any
million
State
and
and
two
j^ 100,000.
allowing
department
acres
of
upon
;^ 173,00a
million
of
profit to
six
;^ 1,7 50,000,
extent
After
of
if the
The
end
and
schemes,
designed
works.
with
works,''
the
to
charges,
cent,
some
solely
show
gain
net
against
productive
class
from
yield
to
up
five
were
country
;f 160,000;
interest
over
now
major
on
works
which
major
rates
water
first
per
the
the
expected
"
with
dealt
capital,
;î,200,ooo.
total
twelve
of
under
were
or
be
to
which
of
works,"
the
Nearly
year,
works
;f 5,300,000
deducting
officers.
own
from
four,
on
is
commenced
first head,
"2ySfioo
of
after
and
cent,
not
navigation,"
year
revenue,
were
capital,
upon
;î 02,000
were
invested
and
the
which
"protective
upon
"minor
for
has
millions
Madras
protect
to
but
the
Presidency
in
investments
reproductive
incidentally,
return
its
distinguishing
as
of
stretches
year.
expenditure
undertaken
which
by
Tambragani
with
enabled
have
; while
Ganges
and
coast
year
heads,
the
Cauveri,
Pennar,
harvests
several
gift of
Coromandel
supply
water
under
is the
fertility,which
of
The
of
COTTON
major
two-
security
PROFITS
IN
THE
"1 1,000,000
for
mind
of
the
irrigation
half
the
of
size
None
in
those
Such
year.
Australian
the
figures
the
this
in
size
of
NORTH-WEST
should
presidency
one
New
South
to
convey
the
of
magnitude
345
Wales
of
system
which
"
the
is, after
not
twice
give
details
and
Victoria.^
of
such
executed
all, only
AND
PUNJAB
the
other
fulness
which
Administration
does
as
follow
the
Madras
total
only
Reports
results
be
can
in
Hence,
report.
given.
PUNJAB.*
THE
Rs.
from
Receipts
Expenditure
all
irrigation works
all
upon
1,27,36,719
76,90,644
works
irrigation
Profit
Rs.
NORTH-WESTERN
PROVINCES
50,46,075
OUDH,"
AND
1898-99.
"*
the
The
Betwa
canal
The
receipts
direct
and
indirect
and
were
Rs.
only,
Productive
representing
^
is the
Irrigated
works
a
for
pp.
of
7.27
252-254.
Administration
second
of
charges
1,62,847
return
India^
have
show
work
only protective
short
net
time
the
of
per
*
cent
the
on
Administration
Report^
^.
118.
Rs.
vinces.
pro-
exceeded
by
Rs.
477
charges.
interest
of
revenue
just
but
year,
the
in these
57,28,250,
capital outlay
Report^
p.
202.
SIR
346
the
to
cent,
per
'*
of
net
after
the
on
the
including
Fatehpur
ot
division),
interest
interest
shows
charges
the
on
clear
seven
works.
productive
on
deducting
30,37,403,
and
operation,
ex"
gain
of
26,90,847.
"
is
(Rs.
in
expenditure
revenue,
year
penditure
total
COTTON
works
on
year
the
on
The
the
Rs.
the
of
end
ARTHUR
works
Minor
gives
the
canals
"
from
of
return
5.17
the
meeting
all
works
the
of
revenue
cent,
per
above
cent
per
Rs.
the
the
on
which
145,680,
average,
capital
invested
total
show
interest
clear
the
charges,
works,
works,
Profit
(less
net
profit
Rs.
of
net
26,73,680."
26,90,847
revenue
.
1,45,680
revenue
....
Rs.
Protective)
1^2,847
26,73,680
Rs.
PROVINCES.^
CENTRAL
Acres.
(a)
Government
{b)
Private
canals
"
canals
^,291
{c) Tanks
{d)
462,598
Wells
75,959
{e) Other
i5}73o
sources
Total
562,628
No
statistics
available.
in rupees
BENGAL.^
Major
Irrigation
Works.
Rs.
Receipts
...
19,02,205
....
Expenditure
13,66^707
Profit
'
in
receipts
Rs.
Prodttcdve
Minor
and
operation.
in
After
net
forty-five
than
more
give
Central
Bengal
Provinces
AdmifUstraUon
Rs.
Stat,
5,35498
Tables^ 1897-98.
Reporty
1896-97,
p.
214.
MEAGRE
FIGURES
fiOMBAV
Minor
347
Works.
Irrigation
Rs.
Receipts
6,60,942
Expenditure
5,76,226
Rs.
Profit
84,716
BOMBAY.
The
very
to
Administration
Bombay
figures,
meagre
be
for
Report
they
and
not
are
gives
iSgS-^Q
lucid
easily
or
understood.
Receipts.
Major
Protective
Productive
Minor
Rs.
Works:
1,63465
works
49961985
works
Works
Imperial
2,52,253
Provincial
3^9^97
""
Rs.
Total
i"
"
^"""^"""
9^3,500
Rs.
Expenditure.
Works
18,62,085
Repairs
14,11,304
8,99,594
Establishment
Toob
and
plant
35"o4o
42,08,023
Total
.
Less
suspense
account
ii"593
"
41,96,430
Rs.
ttr
.
r-'
1
.
SIR
348
IRRIGATION
INDIA
OF
from
in
Mileage
Main
Operation
the
to
of, the
:"
irrigation operations
1898-99
year
Area
Distributaries.
Old
MUes.
MUes.
2.
Irrinited
Works.
Acres.
4ii
Rajputana
end
Canau.
Baluchistan
of
results
financial
the
DEPARTMENT.
WORKS
PUBLIC
India, for, and
throughout
Na
showing
statements
INDIA.
THROUGHOUT
WORKS
GOVERNMENT
(Compiled
COTTON
ARTHUR
IfewWorics.
Acres.
5,653
:"
25,560
Burma
:"
I.
Major
Works
6.
Minor
Works
4.
Major
Works
5.
Minor
Works
Bengal
:"
(productive).
OUDH
AND
I.
5.
Minor
7.
Major
I.
Protective
6.
Minor
9.
Major
and
Protective
M39
168
....
Works
1,813
:
2,024j
Works
.
Works
Bombay
6.
34.
80
Works
\ Navigation
Major
Minor
3,320,000
182
139,759
319
664,213
1,365!
5,7o8i
1,200,171
120
47,309
i,i84t
315,487
2,092,817
35,566
248,110
3044
:"
Works
Protective
7,596
"
Works
Protective
1,598
22
Works
Madras
15.
101,464
Navigation
and
....
''
1,653
:"
Works
I Minor
39^500
424
618
Works
I.
2,112,778
Navigation
Works
Punjab
9,965
:"
(productive).
Works
5. Major
713,443
vinces
Pro-
West
2,644
887,08
North
729
999,
i56i
Works
i65|
21,910
694,130
40^61
Navigation
and
Works
....
2,092
i3,67ij
228^
29,574
295,848
2,085,351
5^2,374
10,650^175
DETAILS
OF
WORKING
AND
360
AREA
IRRIGATED,
WHAT
More
IS
works
public
it is
desirable
of
acted
could
in
of
works
and
1882-83
and
1882-83,
authorities
two
for
of
as
the
pointed
very
held
be
Salisbury
the
of
an
than
their
of
men
the
not
foresight
the
least
dare
endured
the
If
in
of
was
figures
are
nificant
sig-
suggest
may
plain
officials
still
the
preventible
India,
the
consequence
(Lord
well
as
will
of
as
suffering
their
of
the
at
living
number)
they
scribed
de-
such
out
consider
as
They
carry
the
necessary
authorities
the
are
effort, perhaps
and
which
who
give
to
as
policy
to
large
from
takea
be
so
responsible
past
ings
build-
the
far
neglect
being
year
may
The
how
public
Each
significant.
to
as
with
other
make
importance.
more
India
year,
the
been
place
only
in
to
out
have
first
the
so,
tions
recommenda-
"
"
available)
which
being
1880
times.
earlier
in
for
"
present"
being
not
reforms.
Office
India
latest
enquiry
blameless
obvious
and
are
all
(the
first"
They*
the
out
at
carrying
'^
of
carried
years
arrangements
the
of
success
That
extent
railways,
necessary
1897-98
to
select
against
as
roads,
desired.^
occup)ring
to
magnitude
any
be
^6k
financial
Commissioners
rârd
irrigation works
the
what
to
Famine
upon
DUTY?
of
not
observe
to
the
PRESENT
confifmation
striking
great
THE
now
want
their
change
policy.
Mr.
are
Deakin
places
remunerative.
and
pay
die
Reviewing
Sind,
for
best
of
drafts
therefore,
guarantee."
the
"
works
judgment
Madras,
and
fighting
in
stock
in
would
Irrigated
Bengal,
be
India^
they
On
entitled
p.
233.
in
are,
the
to
ten
years
The
works
they
Bombay
after
the
merits
rank
all, the
public
of
high,
previously,
a
as
the
Provinces,
West
saving
and
"
record
profits
seasons.
whole
North-
the
famine,
bad
as
on
yield handsome
themselves,
ruinous
this
In
they
means
foregoing
Punjab,
likely
are
cheapest
treasury
the
whole
to
and
from
investment,
apart
from
the
SIR
352
AS
STATEMENT
INDIA
AND
from
FROM
EXPENDITURE
TO
ON
ENGLAND
1882-83
IRRIGATION,
{Abstracted
COTTON
ARTHUR
Nos,
27
for
and
British
33
of
REVENUE
RAILWAYS
TO
1897-98.
the
^Statistical
India.'')
AND
Abstract
IN
RAILWAYS
AND
IRRIGATION
353
23
SIR
354
COTTON
ARTHUR
EXPENDITURE
ON
IRRIGATION
Year.
INDIA.
IN
WORKS
Chargeable
AND
RAILWAYS
STATE
to
Capital.
In
Object.
favour
In
of
Rx.
1882
Railways
fiivour
of
Raflways.
Irrigatioa.
Rx.
Rx.
3,931,543
Irrigation.
701,820
3,229,723
1883
Railways
Irrigation.
2,710,894
2,994,229^
283,335
1884
Railways.
4^19,114
Irrigation.
1,010,797^
3,408,317
Railways
1885
Irrigation.
6,050,856
953,507
5,097,349
Railways
1886
7,019,928
"
Irrigation.
760,810
6,259,118
Railways
1887
Irrigation.
5,853,479
664,835
5,188,644
Railways
1887-88
2,332,721
Irrigation.
626,849
1,705,872:
Railways
1888-89
Irrigation.
1,236,594
539,418
697,176
This
these
large
years
works
much
1878.
sharp
the
in
expenditure
authorities
Kumool,
questioning
does
not
represent
purchased
around
occurred
the
which,
before
the
works
new
Madias
reader
the
Irrigation
during
pany's
Com-
will,remember,
Select
Committee
so
of
EXPENDITURE
CAPITAL
fkvour
In
Year.
355
of
In
Irrigation.
Rx.
Rx.
1889-90
Railways
of
Rx
2,799432
"
Irrigation.
favour
Railways.
498,802
2,300,630
1890-91
2,266,487
1891-92
2,610,256
'892-93
4,176,655
1893-94
3,325,459
1894-95
3,828,633
1895-96
3,187,093
1896-97
3,461,199
1897-98
2,893,134
Total
Total
The
fix)m
114-116;
No.
33, pp.
on
expenditure
on
relating
tables
the
expenditure
Statistical
No.
21,
132,
pp.
133.
to
Railways
and
revenue
Abstract*,
118,
Irrigation
119;
"
No.
No.
Rx.
14488,759
Rx.
67,841,169
"
capital, have
27,
pp.
22, p. 1x9;
been
107-109;
No.
No.
27, pp.
compiled
33,
pp.
128, 129
SIR
356
Summarized,
ARTHUR
the
tables, stands
thus
position,
(Rs. 15
from
Expenditure
Irrigation
the
"
"
"
201,381,789
29,699,872
;f 171,681,917
from
Capital
"
45,227446
....
Irrigation
9,6S9ii73
....
;f 35,568,273
Irrigation
against
foregoing
Irrigation
Railways
combined
Totals
show
Expenditure
from
Revenue
The
in
....
against
Balance
"1)
the
to
"
Expenditure
shown
as
REVENUE
Railways
Balance
COTTON
:"
and
Capital
"
Railways
Irrigation
Balance
Thus
However,
said
could
Productive
Area
"
the
protected
in
1878-79
5,171,497
Area
'"
Although
works
has
the
been
4,277,195
capital outlay
increased
to
does
Sir
so
Arthur
by
over
on
taken
underfall back
1898,"
in
terms
Cotton
based
comparison,
on
in
protected
9,448,692
acres.
Increase':
testimony
and
consideration,
was
given
treated
that
of
First, this
out
by Royal
Commission,
heart
is
carried
thus
irrigation
subject,
irrigation works,
Famine
recommendation
into
Famine
the
them.
seen
the
"
first
is
given
the
enquiry
an
famine
is official
rejoiced
have
''
important
for
the
with
is
use
figures
of
"Report
have
he
what
there
of
irrigation
put
most
be
to
Fortunately,
would
that
"
its
exhaustively
deals
recommendation
to
the
The
upon.
taking
is there
;f 207,250,190
IRRIGATION
protection against
concerning
39"3S9t04S
Of
when
Commission,
what
1880,
authorities
the
....
emphatic
in
Commission,
by
246,609,235
against
the
was
....
1896-97
acres.
acres.
productive
fifty per
cent
irrigation
since
the
SIR
ARTHUR
Commission,
1898
358
Famine
have
occurred
since
the
COTTON
Commission's
Famine
which
Famines
Report,
880
Affected.
Region
Year.
1853
of
(''Narratives
-Bombay.
1857-58
Upper
1854
Madras.
India.
1860-61
1865-66
Provinces
West
North-
and
Punjab.
Orissa.
Behar
and
North
Bengal.
Madras.
1868-69
Rajputana.
North-
Provinces.
West
Punjab.
Provinces.
Central
Bombay.
1873-74
and
Bengal
Behar.
North-West
1876-77
Provinces
and
Oudh.
Provinces
and
Oudh.
Bombay.
Hyderabad.
1877-78
North-West
1876-78
Madras.
Mysore.
1884
.
Punjab.
Lower
1884-85
Bengal
Madras.
1886-87
Central
1888-89
Behar.
Orissa
1889
1888-89
Madras
1890
Kumaun
Provinces.
(Tributary
States).
(Ganjam).
and
Garwhal.
1892
and
Kumaun
Dehra
1891-92
Madras.
Bombay
Bengal
Upper
1890-92
1897-98
Ajmere
(Deccan).
and
Behar.
Burma.
Merwara.
Madras
and
Central
Provinces.
Bombay.
North-West
Central
1899-1900
Provinces.
India.
Bombay.
Punjab.
Central
Provinces.
Rajputana.
Central
India.
Hyderabad)
Berar.
Deccan.
Doon.
").
Was
before
ever
over*ruling
Power?
seven
years
Yet,
them,
as
mileage
of
stated
The
advocates
Arthur
presented
and
failure, after
draft
attended
his
of
in
in
deficient
in
lacking
When,
which
there
of the
'Î
the
from
proposes,
will
justified,but
be
so
fall in
exchange
with
these
railways.
will
in
prosperity
Mr.
be
more
which
Dalrymple
'
of
as
altogether
the
to
face
the
to
that
of
House
ing
extend-
laiêly
from
the
Sir
Hunter,
^:
"
of
prosperity
the
contingency
the
interest
probable
counterbalanced
the
Government
is not
Government
any
For
country.
remark
to
by
as
famine,
William
which
that
reference
of
people
the
of
great
than
the
frequently urged
so
late
system
believe
he
; in
the
of
hardihood
increase
is bound
the
authors
sense,
the
the
the
railway
their
common
plea
point
the
that
in
concerning
ill-timed
and
prosperity
had
witnesses,
think
country
latter
the
on
his
which
used
stamp
protect
the
for
because
before
desirability
no
would
found
ask,
Committee
the
was
ignominy
statesmanship.
Select
advance
greatly
example,
and
into
railways
in
generally,
such
been
they
almost
inquired
the
to-day,
Sir
If
this.
boastful, prophecy,
have
scornful
famines.
works
expressions
are
and
1884,
almost
the
bitably
indu-
was
prevent
Committee,
were
of
insight
railways,
and
Select
there
to
asserting
enough,"
the
It
part of
enough
ings
work-
now
reported,
irrigation
confident,
farsightedness
Commons
that
like
facts
in
of
forty-
prevent
are
21,960.
was
one-hundredth
1878,
light of the
which
an
constructed
been
were
and
"Scornful
suggestions
one
wearied
even
report
it
never
scornful
proposals?
of
to
Commission
railways
works,
had
words
all
1898,
and
to
in
affected
have
Famine
in
presented
famines,
that
Cotton's
could
the
record
there
railways,
9^308;
was
latest
promised,
359
regions
Forty-six
1880^ when
In
terrible
the
was
miles
12,652
such
combat
to
RECORD
TERRIBLE
of
only
large
payable
fall
the
in
on
change
ex-
increase
railways produce."
asked
Q. 7,184,
'*
Minutes
am
right
ofEvidenci^
in
p.
thinking,
462.
then,
SIR
360
that
as
of
extension
greater
Thatl^
the
proposals ;
but
it is
recognises
the
commercial
their
famine
In
reply
added
and
^^
famine
of
ideas
the
near
"
You
that
gauge
''No,"
occurred.
to
death?"
I do
years
actual
us
"I
the
line
the
on
facts in India
had
thus
Railway-served
much
loss
money
fering
"
higher mortality;
and
human
than
more
in
but)
irrigated districts^
railway
which
traversed
there
are
to
probably
(not
India,
districts
no
of
season
of
in
irrigation
Q. 7,222, Minutes
Q- 7"409" Minutes
this
which
over
oj
in which
this
make
the
to
be
"
Districts.
this
During
suf-
non-
give
to
expressed himself, the
Irrigated
Districts.
and
narrow
prepared
themselves
proved
delay
the
proposal
said
gauge."
narrow
Sir William
':"you
to
of instances
referringto
was
before
know
not
got
once
where
not
am
As
subject
when
leads
"
the
was
asked
was
fusion
con-
prevention
than
instance
an
as
this
gauge
narrow
'*
man
remark
of
problem
and
it
the
is
enough.
more
when
strong
reply;
Jhansi-Manikpur
Six
the
is
on
he
even
very
give
instances, because
has
"the
glad
present"
at
railways
said
or
example,
you
the
was
as
witness
been
have
if
clever
so
even
wrote
of famine
led
has
of
use
Could
death.
that
to
But
truth, as, for
in time
well
the
him,
to
''relief"
regard
others.
made
regard
in
Hunter
all the
so
our
fully
line,as
protection
nearly solved," that
late Sir William
he,
as
authorities
all that
nearly
vitiates
the
of
"
be
relief
of
Government
would
India
in
error
the
by
of
railways
more
assumption
of
asked
question
next
fundamental
The
The
aspects
Government
recommend
to
basis.
basis
is the
"
protective aspects."^
the
to
The
"
answered,
only the
for,especially
"
witness
same
asked
railways is
famine
protection against
a
"
COTTON
ARTHUR
awful
most
famine, the
known
ever
when
worst
the
in
districts
Presidency, through
the
railways run,
eighty-five per
Evidence^
ofEmdencii
p.
466.
p. 477.
cent
lost
of
RAILWAYS
works,
where
in
as
or,
is
success
the
through
them
which
they belong
unfinished,
be
never
as
AND
Kuraool,
their
to
of
system
to
whole
left
an
by
the
fail;
of
most
these
its
resources;
what
to
were
came
out
of
in
all
strengthened
been
whilst
brought
in
ruptcy
bank-
of
all
bolster
deavours
en-
the
up
If the
system.
of
India
to
spite
to
it
works
and
trial
ried
car-
nearly forty-
these
the
railway
the
before
value
undertaken,
has
it had
in
trade
when
was
paid
constructed,
in
rains
district,
years
were
fold
the
revenues
prosperous
on
products
any
3rielded
works
be
can
its canals,
the
ever
land
Godavari
means
double
for
when
railway
the
and
products,
of
3deld
to
a
by
their
acre
made
left.
-thirds
two
population,
of
not
railway would
361
revenues,
the
denied
being
similarly
FAMINES
dition
con-
in
industry
India
.
had
been
and
will
accord
with
prevent
^
Letter
could
facts, than
be
that
more
state
of
unsound,
which
contends
waste
been
I
now
before
does
appalling
more
that
fear
to
Select
Committee^
1878,
from
Colonel
at
see
districts."^
out
of
railways
famines.
to
it
India
ever
these
life
and
have
but
it is
that
this
time,
if she
all, for
argument
and
long
be
recovers,
No
with
never
allowed,
considered
home,
at
money,
would
the
at
compared
existing
of
all
Fischer^ IL".
SIR
362
the
During
directly
were
railway,
on
through
them
has
been
by
affected.
served
well
The
Government
in
is how
Districts
'
served
traversed
not
of
the
India
traversed
narrow
by
railwa}rs.
of the
districts
works
comparison
It
lation,
popu-
Madras
and
Bombay
by
running
gauge,
decrease
other
first-class
such
two
the
certain
and
had
these
districts
nine
Madras^
the
or
by railways
Districts
of
to compare
famine,
This
railways.
broad
were
; some
in
Seven
the
thought
COTTON
famine
1876-78
either
through
districts
ARTHUR
not
served
out
:-*
Railways.
by
(p. 567, Report
Railways.
of
Select
Committee
on
WHY
On
FAMINES
ARE
the
of
two
decreased
than
by railways
protection
The
particular
by
the
railway,
side
districts
of
of
is
cited
Oflice
dealt
with.
broad
two
Books
North
Arcot
efforts
of
district
Government
being
The
official
famine
there
would
efficacy
result
of
railways
the
At
have
first
that
it is
famines
owing
are
India
E"Kt
a
case
Indian
to
now
per
cent,
as
a
census
standard
returns
is
reason
result
there
writer
is
five
millions
may
and
country
against
to
that
suppose
future?"
The
admit
As
and
the
in
Mysore
that
opinion
of
protectors
has
so
puts
Had
annum.
do
the
prevent
having,
while,
them
lives, without
been
the
from
saying
the
justify
it
noraial
famine,
The
not,
that
would
one
however,
Govern-
The
increase
figures
same
remark
to
in India
deadly.
stated.
increase, could
not
hard
administration
Communication)
of
the
of
frequent
as
of
appear
mode
than
utmost
millions.
ten
per
the
Sir
Railways
the
in
India
so
late
the
to
the
protect
Southern
our
against railways,
character
to
'^
in
it
Railway
half
stronger
cent.,
sight
naturally
all must
lost
by
1877-78.
famine
lost
we
fairly
traversed
to
forth
put
during
present
railways,
should
in
different
district
the
as
been
of India^
be
to
facts,
the
ways.
rail-
by
have
according
yet,
failed
observations
1877-79,
with
be
of
the
Gazetteer
past, what
the
in
that
Madras
far
by
be
district
was
served
is
Bombay
Madras
them,
put
Government
not
furnish
by
be
The
districts
seen
latter, through
the
by
is
seen
Kaladgi
cent
per
table
follows
statement,
to
the
first-quoted
had
query
if
the
depopulated
pointed
but
while
the
in
is, however,
census,
railways^
Hunter,
direction.
wrong
selected
the
Blue
gauge
William
we
of
the
those
the
in
served
were
in
half
districts
tion
popula-
This
gain
will, therefore,
It
India
test
affected
worse
by
are
for
(Kumool)
and
two
mentioned
Bombay
Bellary
Sholapore,
ie. the
railways.
railways
the
indicates
no
entirely
with
only
the
were
from
gain
Kumool
the
there
famine
against
comparing
and
where
363
averse
railways,
where
rapidly
more
the
against
cent
per
FREQUENT?
selected
districts
ten
difference
NOW
at
been
used,
have
been
and
be
the
of
half
used
one
per
;
the
SIR
364
of
ment
Fund
henceforth
be
and
by
the
in
Arthur
been
found
which
locomotive
as
had
invested
the
of
India
and
one
saw
existed,
but
good
was
spell
ruin
done
its
part
and
mental
to
been
loss
ed.
"The
of
to
millions
causing
Had
4,470,000
there
ninety
lives.""
the
half
in the
years,
MULHALL,
it
as
necessarily
; it
who
physical
the
since
thus
of
been
1880,
Dictumary
actually
All
be.
helped
and
has
suffering
have
than
all the
nineteenth
spent
ways
rail-
on
and
navigation
great
not
whole
has
acute
money
to
as
blinded,
became
things
construction
down
the
to
homes,
have
the
that
Indian
world
would
Bat,
public
one
any
subjects
the
life.
makers,
English
England
more
have
works,
truck
eyes
must
British
among
and
of
of
; their
being
iron
resulting
of
trade
would
would
public
of
part
it
results.
existence
place
Sir
verily believe, without
time
supposed
expended
of
be
had
enunciated,
and
of the
condition
throughout
wars
1892.
the
the
irrigation works,
steel
official's
for
in
lies
not
construction
carriage
the
every
"
dawned.^
century
all
he
pain
waged
wars
the
the
on
not
as
need
meant
varied
railways,
was
he
railway
the
Indian
interests
famine
by
deplorable
; no
our
large proportion
harm
each
such
views
in
all
and
have
ridiculed
even
interested
in
millions
mischief
millions
argumentative
been
knowledge
but
of
concerned,
very
conscious
this
the
builders,
well
good
advocated
them
for
Indian
in
death
The
would
shown
have
railwa)rs being
matter
all this
out
would
of
ten.
sixty
enterprises
hounded
proposals
the
feature
must
bring sixty
scope
or
Famine
"
by
way,
famines
stated,
is to
five
that
finance
regular
the
save
what
all who
been
was
in
put
all.
at
consider
and
have
to
that
Cotton's
as
system
our
circumstance
Again,
Indian
within
railways
famine-stricken
He,
of
not
in
announced
viceroy,
as
was
as
upon
time
it
because,
"
looked
at
our
Lytton
feature
effect
The
people
Lord
new
Insurance
affairs.
COTTON
effect, though
introducing
of
with
India,
fact, in
this
ARTHUR
prosperity
involved
the
...
of StaHsHcs^
p.
586,
ARTHUR
SIR
366
there.^
India
because
of
is
any
fairly happy
however,
of
That
lack
of
the
The
righteousness,
the
in
of
subterraneous
for
of
the
and
For
the
official
for
innutrition
tiian
daughters
the
Indian
into
that
of
medical
speaks
and
'^
fever
422,826
42,933
36,391
Si,752
158,195
....
72,482
7,182
292,292
87,731
304,449
452,596
148,147
351^32
Mysore
37,609
47,093
3,374,685
one
and
within
The
half
the
ratio
Madras
Provinces
298-301,
per
to
million
mark
to
say
Bengal,
40*98, Coorg
Statistical
41*50^
Abstract
than
in
were,
ten
years
+1,641,157
1897,
total
in
24*59
Fever
North-
in
previously.
British
deaths
Bombay,
India^
and
23
1888-89
in
It
is
starvation.
is
from
Provinces,
West
than
more
died, practically, from

of
31*21
oj
9,484
5,015,842
there
only
1,500,000
population
1,000
23*62 in
"
deaths
more
4,452
204,561
29,979
Fevers
231,140
144,307
65,611
''
15,361
389,335
Berar
from
4-
379,893
2,730
say,
"
409,963
Madras
to
1897.
71,825
of
euphemism
1,463,716
Coorg
is
(one
Fever"
as
in
1,053,753
Assam
That
found
be
to
1,095,300
Provinces.
Bombay
self-denial
5^3*83^
Oudh
of
attainment
from
of
huge
1,679,132
Burma
Central
deaths
ideal
the
much
are
1888.
Punjab
Lower
of
high
clothing) is terribly alarming
....
Provinces
N.-W.
dint
by
in
minds
at
the
to
nation
reports
Administration.
Bengal
hidden
ceremonies
laugh
way
of
insufficient
and
dierish
the
from
vacant
or
and
that
increase
work
ghastly
alien
the
bar
kingdoms,
lying
and
right-dealing,
which
More
example^
cruel
energy
more
treasures
is,
earth.
nowhere
and
difficulties,wrest
communities,
and
ends.
sons
and
obstacles
desired
abolish
the
inaigfat and
subdue
to
the
instil
law
individuals
army
world
the
punishments,
for
India,
; it
tive
representaof
nations
over,
natural
depths,
reverence
world
overcome
rock-ribs
all other
and
God
of
is the
man
possessing
sons
than
conspicuously
that
above
reasonable
to
cursed
not
and
man,
them,
essentials
is
condition
deplorable
present
land
of
has
enable
and
its
favoured
nation
hard
in
neglected
which
not
life.
nation
COTTON
9*0
Central
Berar.
to
in
(Pp.
1897-98.)
"
*'
FEVER
all parts
of
for
results,
any
world
the
of
the
the
of
famine
than
in
there
equal
The
in
for
required
means
of
water
the
to
sun,
will
year
in
always
this
the
India
of
of
soil
of
found
be
knowledge
is the
is
ment
nourish-
manurial
is to
are
them
assistance
sufficiency
is needed
What
India.
with
nation
that
and
liquid
famine
be
Is
important
more
which,
grow
duty
nation
footprints
more
transformation
furnish
to
crops
its
the
the
Amongst
sufficiency
of
performance
tion
salvaa
the
country.
own
our
into
put
such
even
no
gible
intan-
eternal
before
is
need
there
be
and
obliterating
where
is famine
hand.
at
land
the
to
lies of
task
It
367
whoDy
cannot
spiritual welfare
mankind.
of
souls
stupendous
which
consequences
the
for
labouring
devotedly
even
currency,
DEATHS
FAMINE
DEATHS,
and
every
to
it
use
rightly.
There
is
neither
with
mineral
no
gold
copper
nor
and
gold
hero
of
these
"The
said,
measured
obtaining
it and
"
of
material
value
of
costs
more
and
cost
if
of
or
mining
If
and
of
ten
shillings, there
be
that
cost
compared
the
merely
to
average
affords
employed
conducting
upon
water
of
sixpence,
gold
result
of
rather
If
to
the
so,
land
wages
it is
in
highly
so
the
At
present
India.
If
made
that
is
can
it is stated
is that
it
actually
men
the
the
applied,
world
to
alone;
be
Victoria
nothing
gold
profitable
can
the
of
the
double
value,
to
the
is
it
leave
water
in
of
is, in
pound
in
gold mining
high
it.
work.
of
he
cost
what
is worth
if its
mine
the
not
must
we
yards
and
irrigation
an
the
was
that
If
it, it is
cubic
no
is
obtained,
smelting
is
between
obtained,
its value,
thousand
use
at
than
values
respective
investigation,"
anything.
of iron, when
pound
of
question
of
ton
lowing
fol-
Cotton.
when
The
the
since
comparison
difference
value
obtain
to
operation.
the
things.
pound
the
subject
any
by
its
made
Arthur
of
importance
the
"
compared
be
can
passed
between
who
Sir
pages,
is
case
made
; he
value,
have
anything
know
we
in
years
was
water
which
which,
"
Twenty^six
water.
comparison
of
of
results
million
of
year
SIR
368
is spent
the
in
gold-mining,
miners,
who
shillings,there
million
a
capital
millions
mining
in
;î4,oo(ôoo,
increase
it
year,
the
for
and
with
so,
Adequate
cost
some
as
in
two
the
to
four
^ ^
or
of
Cotton,
one
or
more
is, however,
five
years,
Lectures
Engineers,"
p.
22.
and
on
the
the
of
sponsibility
re-
India.
;^20O
of
million
six
at
per
plied,
supcent,
per
the
of
cost
examined
million
and
cubic
yards,
reservoir
Sheffield
available
to
that
''
destroy
then
totally
controlling
and
of refresh
and
instead
millions
of
cubic
;f i, is worth
full
from
^perhaps
"
one
Irrigation Works
at
of
Sir
asks
present
millions
per
seldom
"
India,
at
India.
in
full, for instance, it
is
thousand
yards
is
want
eighty
four
in
we
from
and
delivered
greater
need
per
been
water
Godavari
cubic
dency,
Presi-
made,
jfi, besides
have
water
lost, and,
than
Tan-
are
of
hundred
As
"cost
repairs
of
capacity
since
the
not
thousand
lectures,
the
thousand
It
his
and
have
is allowed
When
Three
Military
of
be
;f 140
or
sites
amount
than
worse
day.
gold*
as
labour
become
at
per
ago."
years
one
about
at
acres,
Madras
greatest
yards
two
the
quantity
hour,
on
people.
stored
interest
of
the
in
is the
in
contain
to
directing works,
per
things twenty
then.
as
British
vast
times
What
or
million
ten
cost
change
contents,
cubic
the
might
of
yards
one
burst
cent,
per
seven
if
and
profitable
as
now
the
upon
Some
that
fertilize
if such
thousand
hundred
year
to
four
gaining
in other
districts
be
at
five
good
as
may
estimated,
lost,
in
quantities
distribution.
Arthur
difiereoce
water
eighty
"
times
of
cubic
Again,
sixty
storage
and
of
at
and
modifications,
rests
million
only
irrigating
is
Kistna
India, and,
Immense
in
produce
is
argument
of
interest
of
the
jore, Godavari,
part
be
day
Victoria."
Allowing
1874,
the
as
shillings
six
gives
of ;f 330,000
profit
is spent,
of
in
it
otherwise
net
COTTON
and
could
is
year
yielding
ARTHUR
Chatham
to
in India
in
ten
yards
This,
day.
;C2,ooo,ooo
only
; but
the
by
in
once
days
before
1875
tains
con-
the
School
Sir
Arthur
of
VALUABLE
MORE
half
one
sea
average
far
so
flows
ANY
the
The
enormous.
forty inches,
about
into
flowing
total volume
river is
THAN
as
thousand
all used,
;îoo,ooo,ooo sterling a
"
of
Leaving
yard
of
rain
rice and
Land
throughout
grains
other
have
unlimit^
an
prospects
but
upon,
of
"1
means
head
per
The
los.
there
average
"$
is, I believe, about

has
Godavari
families, so
whole
of
its income,
besides
This
is under
per
Cromer-Barbour
put
the
average
33X. 9^. per
times
head.
When
of
1882
annual
income
at
far
as
gold
have
the
sent
pre-
for other
as
any
we
sent
pre-
which
to work
in the
when
the
case
this
works
making
more,
will be
India
income
were
fifty million
;f375,000,000
made
Arthur
been
27,
or,
year
the
to
paid,
now
health, comfort,
income
annual
average
to
a
taxes
of
in
eventually
extended
of the
not
the
rate
and
in
Rs.
mine
people by
much
benefits
had
one
the
family throughout India
the amount
inquiry
of
point,viz.,that
We
as
add
Sir
of
ton
area
any
blessing
; the
of
the present population.
of
are
it would
under-estimate
an
"2
There
same
under
family, and
of
incalculable
the
all
is
nine
than
year,^ at
if the
country
or
be
crop
not only
have,therefore,
half
income
more.
that
the
will
one
population
income
per
seven
is fit for cultivation.
main
already doubled,
been
still
increased
"s
one
for two-thirds
times
the
We
the
for
of the
extent
to
or
be
of
mile, or six times
value
added
completed
are
"7
one
Godavari
the
not
for four
unlimited
of
two
drains
supply
much
one-third
concerned.
incalculablymore
of
mine
be
average
of this material
supply
are
an
acre
all that
is sufficient to show
This
is
if it could
sufficient
sufficient for
food
be
one
this, perhaps,
river
it would
an
per square
would
things, there
on
produce
allowing
population, and
of
and
would
year.
yards,
grain
or
acre,
per
this
in its basin
This
tract, if
perhaps nearly
five hundred
thousand
judge,
India
cubic
irrigated would
so
food
the
area,
rain
yards, worth,
rainless
out
of
fall of
from
369
India.
falls
one
whole
the
cubic
of
area
five hundred
thousand
of
the
year
river, which
hundred
one-tenth
MINE
in the
can
the
by
million
GOLD
his
made
at
Rs.
in India
the
statement
;
this
15
to
head,
24
inquiry
the
"f
SIR
370
freedom
security,
under
and
would
this
famine,
from
rule, free
our
be
COTTON
ARTHUR
of
intercourse
with
only
of
satisfaction
the
goods,
the
people
etc,
passengers,
which
population,
present
rapidly increasing."^
is
Once
the
more
mentioned.
be
it
found
of
gold,
what
would
that
Sir
Arthur
would
they
water,
four
shillings
thousand
miles
fact
of
thousand
of
that
to
up
The
famine
tanks
needed
the
least
amazing
must
than
That
already
been
be
never
lost
accepted
with
dealt
ing
cost-
from
them
of
is
sixty
and
worth
with
so
of
part
cost
dred
hun-
palpable
And
us.
six
five
as
in
grain,
of
the
works
the
which
in
economically
not
the
could
he
be
of
in
the
engineers,
heavy
stone
feature
in
make
laboured
description
who
know
masonry
as
(chap, vii.)
of
But,
estimates
of other
naught
which
his
here,
anicut.
discussion
structed.
con-
engineer's
great
Dowlaisweram
the
sight
by hydraulic
the
and
be
of
need
point
of
construction
prepared
by
notice.
hundred
can
with
cheapness
bunds.
the
obtained
about
whole
the
storage
the
was
enormous
of
and
;^5oo,ooo
about
"
would
moment,
any
one
producing
Not
it has
watered
of
time."
vast
efforts
before
mine
ounce
jf 1,500,000
before
brought
year
have
acres,
midst
the
this
they
finished
be
weight
moment's
simple
as
an
are
this
irrigation,
is
navigation,
works
Sone
the
of
at
could
silver
in
Chatham
newspaper
results
worthy
of
acres
possibly
could
as
every
useful
pound
Or,
may
mine
produce
to
are,
be
gold
it ?
of
India
of his
obtain
producing
year,
will
If
to
very
works
in
use
third
"
How
these
Godavari
a
"
thought
not
are
;^42,ooo
hundred
"2
three-halfpence
the
''That
asked,
thought
full of it, but, because
be
the
In
cost
be
water
reiteration
cost
worth
silver
mind.
it would
in which
be
the
on
of lectures,
series
and
Iteration
impressing
of
profitableness
is
in
favour
generally.
One
important
*
"
Three
Lectures
on
regard
to
irrigation
Irrigation Works,"
pp.
2^yx
must
not
it
IRRIGATION
be
even
''
and
overlooked,
Here
in
in
of fodder.
supply
of
country
to
hold
of
doubt
no
rainfall
add
that
the
has
of
this
and
and
been
the
floods
of
to
best
the
water
Besides
wells
for
long
round
tanks
to
way
is also
fashion
in
Works
Department
"
chief
expenditure
Eighties,
recovered
people
what
whole
in
another
themselves
the
value
carried
may
of
there
capital
water
since
be
means
the
is
the
imagined
took
from
the
well
common
the
Public
gation
irri-
five
and
of
in
am
the
in
the
1868, will
benefit
those
more
place
The
India.
the
although
and
by
tanks,
return
beginning
years.
in
of
annual
account
or
investment
outlay
an
tanks
the
"
of
splendid
an
means
thoroughly
field
to
rupees,
three
then, by
accounts
On
storing
and
leakage
is
as,
plan adopted
village
water
watering
catching
the
The
what
outlay
usual
many
canal
thousand
on
as
the
Jaipur.
hundred
the
than
more
of
rains, and
used.
of rupees
three
ment
advance-
been
replenishing
from
show
for
been
than
be
direct
Irrigation
for
have
that
so
upon,
millions
done
thirty-three
have
The
to
possible.
quarter
to
work
direction
schemes
to
the
as
has
much
the
to
scanty
RIVERS,
spots
with
come
India
for
there
; but
done
who,
the
at
the
good
works
India.
reservoirs
spread.
done.
now,
The
Jacob's
face
in
the
lead
draw
have
out
has
energies
WITHOUT
district
which
canals,
his
Colonel
hostile
select
to
man
people
in
as
any
has
of
COUNTRY
presenting
I suppose,
Jaipur.
the
which
utilised
fifty irrigation
and
through,
whole
Under
Jaipur.
with
care
the
to
giving
are
and
of
and
fair
stretches
appreciable
scanty,
is
it
been
enabled
or
crops.
than
otherwise
been
jealous
due
the
has
have
tanks
and
power
is
given
hundred
has
husbanded
direction
years,
canals
there
would
they
year
the
staying
the
this
in
this
been
has
to
than
rivers,
protect
severe
are
works
irrigation
water
April,
there
to
is less
districts
many
longer
the
famine
the
37i
large
done
be
Moreover,
where
out
True,
is
in
and
without
even
is,
may
State
Jaipur
Marwar,
end
that
rivers, much
any
RIVERS
WITHOUT
EVEN
to
who
told
the
know
that
ARTHUR
SIR
372
when
Colonel
Jacob
the
unirrigated
god
of
districts
the
him
him
RAILWAY"
TAP
TO
the
were
canals."^
them
give
to
if he
as
of
people
the
countiy,
surround
beseech
VERSUS
RIVER
about
goes
and
water^
COTTON
CENTRAL
INDIA.
Central
the
When
had
of
support
would
Provinces
each
famines,*
What
they
all
of
credit
and
prevailed.
Sir
wrote
though
the
be
is
put
history
Arthur
the
this
only
Central
terrible
than
of
point
will
record,
have
ern
South-
profit
to
"
lost
because
contend
were
taken
he
way
have
"
in
cent
re-
what
India,
forces
against
of
the
century
by
might-have-been
have
several
note
could
retrospect
to
and
Britain
the
had
fill
half
be
must
become
than
Cotton
the
whole
extracts
would
sadder
humanity
Had
destructive
more
on
upon
India
no
Central
most
farsightedness, nearly
what
There
Britain, and
Cotton
should
in
enhanced.
been
his
the
up
four
of
Stanley,
succeeded
port.
from
on
passive)
Lord
followed,
prosperity
legitimate
English
which
to
concerned
by
for
have
it is due
that
ago,
the
the
opening
being
one
England,
had
India
saved
taken
(he
have
been
been
while
Even
reproduced.
pages,
counsel
Arthur
Sir
in
is
in
would
Eastern
succeeding
would
India
he
crucial
been
(then
Derby
account.
most
had
active
and
an
have
predecessor,
its
of
way
Cotton's
Arthur
Sir
of
country
cotton
by
Provinces,
Earl
he
Cotton
to
decision
only
the
secure
quite possible
the
tapping
to
late
the
is
it
M.P.),
able
been
that
If
matters.
momentous
and
India
Arthur
the
at
yet
were
Godavari
India
in
in
it is not
and
moment,
Deccan
Sir
the
turn
to
laboured
he
Unfortunately,
such
efforts
earnest
most
the
and
communication,
by railway
undeveloped
made
Provinces
too
strong
him.
The
Manchester
The
famines
Guardian
of
Famine
Correspondent,
1868-69, 1886-S7, 1897-98,
and
May
25,
1899-1900,
iQca
Sm
374
is
Berar
English
effort
naturally the
market,
to
certain
that
general
thus
welfare
ot
line of five
leading
into
nothing
the
In
before
is shown
bullocks
Berar
best
pound),
only obstacle
is consequently
that
Berar
of
time
taking
cotton
hundred
one
say
lately
has
country
1828
But
in
the
high
prices
Presidency
exported
less
than
no
being
members
of
affairs
alike
and
which,
of
two
the
at
at
of
of
of
and
time
one
Hyderabad,
Nizam
and
extremely
Deccan,
of
the
one
lead
year
nearly
to
more
obstacles
produced
year
and
hundred
remained
ninety thousand
hundred
one
firom
exported
numerous
last
which
increase
averaged
latter
the
goes
productive
the
the
and
saving
then
He
was
salt
be
year.
and
that
there
in
year
cotton
year,
Bombay
hundred
increase
an
well-known,
Dominions.
of
that
show
to
three
which
monsoon,
would
cultivation, and, notwithstanding

the
'
pounds
amount
bales
production,
cotton,
there
1835 the exports
to
thousand
the
clearly, to instance
more
From
stationaiy.
road
well, however,
as
place
seventy-eight
extensive
be
taken
Bombay.
and
good carriage
sixty thousand
It may
of the
powers
the
tons
on
journey;
destroyed;
or
duction
pro-
(less than
the
on
thousand
of twenty
and
"
to
on
that
damaged
be
to
one
Bombay
to
candy
before
Bombay
can
its unlimited
to
cotton
(less than
candy
days
seventy
reach
liable
traffic
eight shillings
read
subject
the
of
it is sent
that
for
improving
that
states
that
transport
in
importance
Bombay
almost
Ashbumer,
Mr.
He
is
There
mile.
a.
by
the
authority.
pounds
two
pounds
1837,
had
spent
were
the
communication,
be
to
country,
their
and
cotton
cheapest
for
of
cost
the
cotton,
the
of
the
of
brought
surprisingly.
pounds
large quantities cannot
at
increased
the
in
Society,
and
cultivation
of
house
it b
Fenwick
Captain
coast.
Palmer's
hundred
the
three
the
to
pounds
on
at
the
at
farthings
that
the
of
very
pound),
is
heart
cost
the
cultivated
a
with
miles
only
Asiatic
on
penny
people
hundred
paper
the
the
very
still
the
tract,
grand
our
possibly compare
years
this
it
make
should
we
the
for
cotton
it, and
if fiftythousand
even
it, it would
be
on
for
with
cotton
three
climate
communication
of
can
this
the
during
bear
to
line
line
bringing
that
me
that, therefore,
other
no
COTTON
suitable
most
cheap
for
capital
and
open
Godavari
tells
ARTHUR
to
and
bales
thousand
twelve
influential, family,
transacted
Europeans
in
of
the
the
business
the
Nizam's
STIMULUS
FROM
within
bales
the
is attributable
share
extension
and
is
there
rapidly
Thus
with
the
at
would
the
be
trade
in
country
thb
to
in
demand
for
as
the
expenses
and
And
Besides
benefiting
the
vast
tons)
people
India,
British
of
time
same
manufactures
the
what
of
amount
the
at
amounting
bales.
of
a
the
at
of
respects
to
to
expect
swelling
annum,
condition
for
months
alone
million
thousand
hundred
increasing
on
decreased
staple
give employment
would
of the
production
the
from
of
circumstances,
twelve
per
other
the
specimen
might reasonably
bales
period,
is
from
prices.
we
thousand
greater
great
increased
improving
shipping (four
created
the
distant
and
as
be
consequences
revenue,
such
of
no
last
management
hundred
one
probably,
the
would
the
largest
show,
interior, go
the
to
during
from
proper
exports
of
rate
roads
the
collectors
then,
that
doubt,
no
far
by
favourable
under
doing
good
lately been
it has
see
with
cultivation
to
Here,
375
increase,
but
revenue
question whatever,
no
it increased
as
stimulus
as
be
would,
cotton
of
this
of
season,
the
alone."
capable
can
of
reports
cultivation
of
India
what
the
as
good
unusually
an
EXPENSES
portion
Some
year.
to
arose,
DECREASED
the
of
it
that
mother
country.
by
proposed,
the
at
rate
which
at
"1
of
Think
banks
^^2
the
important
the
astonishing increase
of
price, showing
that
that
tract
nothing
to
There
cotton
of
are
for
and
make
the
clearly
wanting,
the
all other
to
and
and
miles
be
fiftymiles
fact
grand
spring
soil
there
up
required
are
requisites. This
is his
the
for
people,
on
of
the
land
the
on
But
testimony
to
increase
an
within
preparation, and
transit
of
cost
to
by
everything
state
in the
relief
sea,
from
Calcutta.
from
that
sand
thou-
embarked
consequent
complete
the
paper
saving
etc.
carried
be
to
five
hundred
two
from
Mirzapur,
and
the
but
of
about
or
would
being
cotton
hundred
cultivation
climate
England,
this
of
production
is in
country
is
of
there
traffic
Ashbumefs
Mr.
mile,
per
Godavari
Mississippi, Le,
interest, insurance, waste,
the
miles
point in
the
on
hundred
five
ton
per
Ashburner
the
the
on
distance,
10,000
five
hundred
five
carried
Mr.
as
down
conveyed
are
whole
portion
carried,
being
were
penny
saving
Godavari,
point
the
great
the
carriage of
Ganges,
of
or
besides
of
of
of
for
ton
ton,
tons,
goods
part
shillingsper
of
carriage road,
sixteenth
the
instead
if this cotton,
Now
almost
a
the
to
extent.
any
good
marketable
cattle, the
line of transit would
land,
Eng-
prise,
enter-
probably
SIR
376
cause
saving of
would
as
There
the
line
the
have
India
its
and,
trade
by
two
things
But
while
at
subjected
England
its
their
that
"
would
Godavari,
cubic
yards
about
;î
give
rocks
of
at
so
any
allow
of
might
night
obstacle
speed
of
at
eighteen,
storing nine
well
hundred
miles
available
for
miles
at
of such
to
be
cubic
spent
million
on
sterling
instance,
bed
of
cost
navigation (besides making
vessels
to
much
higher
if
kept
be
were
would
be
with
vessel
would
miles.
the
vessels
speed
of
clear
that
hour
an
to
as
then
high
yards might
as
of
freshes, it could
worked.
the
in
cost
so
perfectly
miles
twenty-two
of
stored,
the
for
yards
would
and
if very
be
lost.
millions
thousand
little doubt
two
facturing
manu-
everywhere
feet
were
and
hour,
an
millions
half
digious,
pro-
cubic
for steamers,
passage
the
her
to
million
were
bed
would
down
come
small
the
of, suppose,
as
give
purpose,
quantity
by day
as
vessels
thousand
have
this
freest
and
to
"
three
this
of
if it
great measure,
four
or
during
allowing ;^5o,ooo
should
three
depth, excepting
twenty
in
of
I have
such
and
of
for
used,
current
to
the
be
face
appendage
"
stream
feet, and
the
raising food,
are
her,
on
might
be,
must
and
as
mean
it
that
containing
treble
the
fail.
unimproved
away
ample
full six
this regulated
and,
be
If
of
to
tanks
that
would
power
at
thrown
that
depth
with
cannot
magnificent
"
50,000.
as
required,
we
and
depth
worked
no
secure
the
this
incubus,
reckoned
cheaply
be
its supply
India
food,
with
can
depends
over
is, by
country
instantly paralyse England
"
before
hour
produce
would
an
cheaply
of
people
general prosperity
and
I have
the
prevents
and
with
cheaply,
whatever
its produce
incalculable, stimulus
the
once
barriers,
the
the
existence
comparatively
be
when
only
is safe
veiy
of
such
to
must
If
abundantly
which
cost
nothing
works.
Manchester
three-fourths
country,
were
public
eighth carrymg
an
and
cotton,
coast,
upon
in
not
maj
year,
fully, abundantly,
communications,
the
to
breach
trade.
Godavari
tons
much
as
it up.
and
the
of
means
effect
the
to
the
why
million
Manchester
supply
but
for
its basin
shut
stimulus
reason
no
five times
pound,
material
irrigation,supplied
conveyed
the
be
hitherto
so
of
means
an
to
essentials,flour
its doing
the
give
of
can
two
and
of
to
treasures
pent-up
which
thus,
seems,
become
half-pence
full three
sufficient
be
COTTON
ARTHUR
The
go
cost
up
of
be
;^45o,ooo,
the
river, etc,
of at
the
point),
least
same
which
seven
rivers
would
be
the
at
canal,
RAILWAY
V.
of
only ^"700
rate
;^7,ooo
or
advantage,
and
the
to
full extent
India
to
certain
it would
If
extent
be
accessible, and
in the
the
be
work
laid
in
out
the
and
hundred
carried
This
country
would
require
ahready
been
done
^"7^000
and
if it
only
or
;î
thus
traffic
twenty
at
the
transit
of
end
railroad
tons
ton,
there
per
forty
and
every
Bombay
the
What
would
the
trade
carried
time,
outlay
an
account
were
the
half
be
forty
allowing
road, and
would
year
in
Wurda
for
has
they would,
rate
year
cotton
miles
ten
the
the
goods
that
were
for
of
same
supposing
even
years,
tons
railway.
of
the
And
the
of
out
the
centre
reach
of Berar
heart
delayed
of
on
thousand
alone.
Godavari,
the
in
jQS
at
on
the
^^2,800,000
hundred
years
2,000,000
increase
by
of
at
thoroughly
between
the
of
cost
^"50,000
^500,000
rate
ghits,
plaguey
about
spending
after
years,
the
at
really
whole
miles
the
line,
single high-speed
of
miles
continuing
and
those
for
not
were
been
be
thousand
case
hundred
this
on
the
was
reach
improved
would
the
seven
loss
the
To
has
mile
of
state
four
even
hundred
be
Godavari.
the
and
railway
real
the
shows
on
communication
of the
opening
the
that
year
only
would
there
annum
per
if
fifty;
from
out
improved
once
provide
first year,
laid
be
of transit.
means
only perhaps
for
provide
of the
the
times
ten
vast
available
laid
country
communication
;^5o,ooo
while
coast,
railway, would
four
in
at
railway were
at least
this
is precisely what
transit
of
steam
be
would
This
cotton
lost for the want
river would,
the
the
meantime,
exceedingly cheap
and
good
to
would
lines
before
for
have
would
river
the
high speed
years
many
it
expended.
whole
377
navigation would
whole
amount
have
viz., to
wants,
the
year
of the
And
first year
very
each
RIVER
mile, against ;;"2,ooo
railway.
in the
that
throughout,
for
GODAVARI
for
stand
did
not
nothing
RAILWAY.
miles
400
at
tons
100,000
"7,000
per
;"2,8oo,ooo
mile
per
for twenty
annum
years
at
;î2,ooo,ooo
;"6aton
Total
of
six
at
6s.
to
give
constant
depth
;"Soo,ooo
feet
hundred
One
river
;î4,8oo,ooo
.
RIVER.
GODAVARI
Improving
expenditure
per
thousand
tons
for forty years
;"i,2oo,ooo
ton
Total
expenditure
;" 1,700,000
of
But
railways expect
the
halfpenny
must
be
that
line
placed
thirteen
to
be
;" 1
2,000,000.
*Does
in
Control.
from
been
that
inclined
be
must
be
two
three
the
the
carried
remarked
Sir
from
and,
down
miles
eight
on
three
to
by
twenty
there,
Coringa
in
each, then
correct
they
notion
miles
days
at
placed
thirty
would
or
the
an
on
the
to
Wurda,
real
return
state
to
of
Bombay,
;f 10
and
for
two
each
case
floated
shillings
with
England
the
and
journey
of
steamer
load
ship-
horses
on
expense
braces
em-
at
then
cinctly,
suc-
reformers,
Indian
forty hours,
probably
of
and
and
have
landed
matter
railway,
hundred
arriving
to
this
which
graphically,
could
we
the
sketches
and
"
story,
merchants,
in
interested
if
Arthur,
to
into
diagram,
whole
the
it
conclusive
more
it
as
an
order
in
side,
other
TAis
ward,
west-
which
up
feet
be
ascending
gh"ts,
following
the
directors, Manchester
twenty
the
on
Cotton,
tells
slopes up
hundred
transferring,
question.
palanquins
of
of
whole
others
and
Colonel
proof-sheet
of
of
feasible
England
to
be
has
it
only
Berar
to
anything
conclusively,
the
Finally,
feet
Can
says
liberty
and
of
wall
four
thousand
Yes,
margin
take
thousand
the
was
have
argument
every
country
would
down
leading
Indeed,
of
whole
natural
river, which
westward.
cotton
it reached
Bombay
"
Coringa,
Bombay
the
railway
forced
this
the
on
the
until
of
than
more
that
convey
plain
dropped
waters
in
to
and
of
Board
with
easily navigable,
at
of
Bruce
J.
the
that
coast,
traffic
drive
this,notwithstanding
so
be
to
assumed
which
by
route
eastern
harbour
to
find
we
railway
the
Mr.
of
or
difference
asks
Secretary
"Yet
the
to
smooth-water
used
the
be
on
river;
the
by
would
more
expenditure
allowing
answer?"
an
to
proved
throughout
and
of
letter
Berar
been
there
^"4,
be
would
the
Even
twopence-
;i^8,ooO|00o
case
^^1,700,000
latter.
at
miles
which
in
the
proceeds
been
the
has
his
He
now
to
admit
goods
cany
hundred
against
as
to
railway, making
nothing,
for
this
Norton,
has
much
as
four
the
against
worked
slope
for
;i^23,ooo,ooo,
times
able
it is now,
what
of
COTtON
be
to
which
ton,
per
two-thirds
or
ARTHUR
SIR
378
parti-
TAKraG
^;
TRAFFIC
HO
Iff
11
"-P
"
"sisi-s
s
^ ?
lii
tf?
1.1
3
"
"
ts
1 ^
OP
HILL
3?9
SIR
38o
cularly
of
of ten
the
boats
miles
be
above
which
there
also
received
on
the
to
would
have
of
entire
the
in
their
those
drastic
many,
of
which
Sir
Arthur
again
there
is
constitute
begin
an
be
mistaken.
on
its
idea
they
tion
communicawith
and
what
the
to
of
life's work
good
to
at
once,
when
to
May
as
to
contend
of
merits,
not
which
urge
so
laboured,
eighty
be
late.
too
with
obstacles
ago
years
it remembered,
irrigation
loudly
will
it is
be
that
the
unnaturally,
which
the
of
stopping
not
before
teachings
the
adoption
as
that
For,
successful
lesson, the
we
far
nearly
that
adoption
Arthur
mind
of
remember
we,
and
to
the
widespread
whether
hopeful.
be
Sir
and
tal
instrumen-
to
we
all, so
call
we
had
lead
When
at
as
become
to
concerned,
was
significance
which
result
done
object
intrinsic
and
as
and
result, for
no
enough
now
roads
themselves
realised,
is
during
anxious
time
same
to
twenty
or
themselves
tremendous
reform.
of
little
be
ten
lively
Wurda,
record
attention
railways
will
adequate
this
the
public
with
intensely
the
that
years
irrigation, and
steam
resign
; and
sight
end.
be
with
inland
the
stance,
circum-
without
a
consider
and
of
What
they
teachings
many,
apparently
we
would
measures
extension
reached
they
arousing
in
of
gress,
pro-
impressions
true
country
of
immediately
their
journey
advantage
for
los.
in
years
instructive
clear
to
time
bridges.
fail,once
work
At
through
steamers,
will
feel
weary
the
teachings
of
long
it cannot
and
greatly
their
journey's
Surely
tend
at
journey
gh^ts
highly
of
satisfaction
sofas
be
plenty
before
long
frowning
also
without
two
on
would
freight
after
been
whilst
there
on
railway
already
the
river
the
at
ton,
cotton
the
be
Wurda
rivers
across
at
would
would
of
seeing
the
of
tons
cotton
"6
of
cost
thousands
met
carrying
descended
end
would
them,
at
it had
then
and
days
the
when
miles,
twenty
and
they
Reaching
ton.
have
drivers
hundred
one
would
they
and
day
COTTON
up,
which
in
probably
be
way
bullocks
worn-out
rate
the
on
as,
ARTHUR
of
India
in
which
there
calls
is
to
cannot
no
for
duty,
earnest
382
SIR
COTTON
ARTHUR
Appendices
I.
THE
GOVERNOR-GENERAL
IRRIGATION
During
end
of
as
deal
of
from
of
here.
nineteen
and
of
works
less
no
letters, based
this
It is difficult
figure.
30,418,454
Lord
not
The
acres"
referred
Curzon
seem
millions
to
have
its
By
Canal
irrigated
about
irrigation,
write
really
means
in
one
India,
At
of
the
giving
first,
thought
does
that
thirty and
*i"736,75S
Private
1,398,432
By
Tanks
4,671,195
By
Wells
11,328,323
Otherwise
1,283,479
Total
.
harvest
30,418,454
2,705,868
Acres
.
(From
Statistical
Abstract
of
British
331124,322
India^ i898-99b
is
harvest,
Acres.
second
much
so
"
Government
Under
me
whidi
in
Irrigation, but
details
capital
river
Excellency
Canal
The
case.
that
people
is
33,124,322.
going
spent
Indian
sea
been
under
been
any
the
His
harvests
the
interesting
that
Some
attempted
years,
Worthy
Government
to
are
what
area
both
been
has
vious
ob-
originality
as
abready
are
the
that
irrigationhas
of
good
irrigationhas
as
much
number
into
waters
that
the
thing
so
that
hypothesis
total
for
been
undertaken
understand
to
has
or
I admit
me,
irrigation.
upon
;;"^3
5, 500,000.
the
ultimately discharges
^
such
realise
so
than
upon
that
in India
acres
to
afraid
am
introduce
considerable
of
the
upon
unaware
to
themselves
plume
seem
quite
millions
that
outlay
not
for
is to
in India,
of
do
They
be
made
frequently
position prevails,is
actual
to
to
heard
in India
on
and
"
is
famines
seem
India, where
of
the
stop
writers
been
ever
of
to
idea,
the
outside
the
ignorance
these
subject
expressed
thus
Curzon
Lord
Excellencj
suggestion that
method
of
His
the
towards
Viceregal Council,
in the
Debate,
1900,
second
rule
EXTENSION.
this important
oq
The
Budget
March,
himself
"
the
ON
INDIA
OF
p.
149)-
half
agricultural wealth
in
ground
bring
the
extensions
that
whole
of
estimated
outlay
head
the
of
Protective
inasmuch
the
State,
then,
as
contemplate
we
in
is
this
covered
of
area
more
value
India
in
its addition
in time
to
famine,
desert
given
to
the
be
works
help
The
that
with
the
same
be
the
case
in
time,
has
course
encouraged,
both
growth
of what
remunerative
of
the
so
received
of the
known
character
in
idea
as
of
good
present
of
in
the
this
Productive
the
quite
of
prospect
deal
of
debate,
country,
works,
capital outlay,
At
position,
pro-
many
irrigationshould
given
because,
and
of
pansion
ex-
it.
from
thereby
extension
and
out,
indefinite
support
that
tective
pro-
as
general
the
with
time
irrigation
credits
sometimes
is
in
carried
been
now
agreement
because
food-supplies
are
have
to
stimulus
the
of
pected
ex-
Indeed,
urgently required
most
popular
much
majority
upon
liable
have
mouths
more
the
that
irrigationthat
am
in the
and
in
be
now
cultivation, a
under
of
country,
suffering inhabitants.
feasible, or
which
which
quarters
remains
districts
to
be
course,
it cannot
that
much
to
its effect
in
It
able
irrig-
the
to
the
of
bably
prowhich
time.
amount
and
afraid
am
drought
from
against famine,
is not
there
of population,
most
were
measures
that
But
is brought
fact
given,
thereby
shall
increase
food-supply
total
directly their
tract
growth
fed.
labour
immunity
to
the
to
famine,
acres
will, of
increase
and
cases,
present
not
and
burden
of
300,000
the
mated
esti-
pay,
and
year,
of
will
the
Under
financial
prevention
at
heads
This
famine.
of
when
both
not
the
practicable
total
will
the
sterling.
exceptional
work
of
by
or
revenue
and
in
area
to
Productive
net
acres,
lakhs
the
acres.
of
secure
or
the
under
4,000,000
emplo3rment
double
able
be
capital outlay,
permanent
ten
character
that
than
prices
to
that
by
about
about
way
therefore,
seems,
the
spending
fresh
of
to
yield
which
little towards
very
extent
millions
undertaken
be
the
the
i,e, works
works,
only
can
to
on
nine
and
had
have
of
million
3J
they constitute
as
rule, do
expected
about
earlier
an
Now
head
the
interest
eight
between
which,
on
is
increment
at
the
irrigation projects,
new
Under
the
cover
of
likely
are
we
by
be
may
of
me
which
systems.
which
more^than
tor
other
or
hold
got
gardens.
out
India
of
existing
i,". works
will
made
cultivation, either
under
works,
and
383
somehow
have
to
crops
estimate
careful
very
ought
into
turned
stage, and
which
astraj,
gone
India
of
Government
IRRIGATION
ON
CURZON
LORD
the
that
in
to
the
extraordinarily
I
have
inau-
SIR
384
since
gurated,
of
(so long
irrigation
our
Sir
James
directly applied
while, during
of
be
not
bring
forthcoming
our
in
in its
or
For
can
continue
than
and
in
our
occupy
the^
the
believe
day,
my
smaller
and
will
the
it will
country.
irrigation
in the
done
of
big
the
and
grandiose
is less
find
one
or
that
majority
for
tailment
cur-
respect
it has
that
shall
we
lakhs,
of
more
less ambitious
prevailed
whether
the
action
districts
returns
as
being
general
100
doubt
of
it
in this
direct
future
of
at
suaded
per-
of
have
prosperity
the
sphere
days,
with
famine,
exhaustion
certainly during
funds
to
the
of
generosity
in
our
bygone
spite
financial
famine
in
the
the
some
in
named,
much
if
lakhs,
manent
per-
time,
year
and, in
undertake)
to
Last
labour
upon
have
gradual
Still,even
spacious
effect
as
the
to
schemes.
come,
do
to
that
virtue, either
that
lakhs.
this
of
year,
hopeful
am
general
reasons
owing
past,
works
irrigation grant
fix the
to
predecessor's
75
owing
programme
misplaced
the
to
the
hope,
my
90
provision
as
the
to
spent
and,
find
increase
to
have
the
to
of rupees.
crore
can
amounted
we
Dawkins
Mr.
upon
we
In
Westland
just expired^
year
as
definite
programme.
irrigation grant
annual
India,
to
came
extension
COTTON
ARTHUR
long
time
than
enough
to
designs."
11.
RICHARD
SIR
AND
Canals
been
have
designed
from
derived
in
in
The
Chenab
The
Sarda
The
Gandak
in
The
lower
part
the
DONE
DONE.1
BE
in
projected
or
detail,
but
not
yet
general
terms
undertaken,
or
be
to
rivers,
following
the
in
TO
proposed
less
or
more
IRRIGATION
ON
TEMPLE
"
Punjab,
Oudh,
Behar,
of
the
Pennar
the
on
east
coast
north
of
Madras,
The
Periyar
Madura
near
The
lower
which
stream
part
of
issues
in
the
the
Tapti,
from
southern
on
the
the
Travancore
tains
moun-
peninsula.
west
coast,
north
of
Bombay,
'
and
Extracts
254.
from
India
in
1880, by Sir Richard
Temple,
pp.
252,
253,
SIR
R.
TEMPLE
The
lower
The
Wardha,
the
the
Chambal
The
Betwa
The
Jumna
Artificial
been
are,
the
to
carry
the
arid
lakes
and
with
have,
rivers
this
have
by
The
Ganges,
The
Jumna,
The
Sone
The
Sutlej,
The
Ravi
The
Indus,
The
the
ince
prov-
extremity
eastern
of
and
the
rainy
the
of
water
of
east
several
districts of the
not
Presidency,
undertaken.
in
proposals
or
drought
oi
parts
themselves
in most
dreaded
much
so
There
different
constantly busying
are
have
smaller,
or
Bombay
been
yet
wards
to-
season
Sutlej.
canals, greater
officers
the
parts
averted.
it
will
British
the
be
following great
under
placed
fertilization
the
the
been
Government
less, for
that
apparent
of
provinces
tribution
con-
or
tricts
dis-
"
in
Behar,
in the
lower
the
Bundelkhand,
projects
be
or
India,
in
surplus
Deccan
review
more
in
off
thoughtful
may
in
tracts
other
empire
From
in
streams
India,
however,
plans, whereby
of the
lesser
Mahanudi
Kene
in the
probably,
for
quarter,
same
Provinces,
and
works
India,
of the
in Central
projected
which
and
385
Nagpur,
Central
The
in the
Nerbudda
Wynganga,
course
upper
EXTENSION
IRRIGATION
part of the
of
The
ON
Punjab,
Mahanudi
the
part of
and
lesser
some
streams
in
Orissa,
The
lower
part of the
The
lower
part
The
Cauveri
The
Tunga-badra
The
upper
and
artificial
The
and
Kistna
of the
rivers
and
it would
be
lesser
lakes, which
following rivers
for
water
irrigation,but
are
remain
Deccan,
the
and
tedious
to
to
be
Tapti,
for
streams,
known
yet
peninsula,
southern
in the
Kistna
coast,
east
Krishna,
in the
Tumbadra
or
the
on
or
Coleroon
courses
other
many
of the
Godavari
formation
capable
dealt
with
affording
of
for
"
The
Gandak
The
Sarda
in
in
of
enumerate.
to
be
the
Behar,
Gudh,
25
this
pose,
pur-
SIR
ARTHUR
in the
Panjab,
386
COTTON
The
Chenab
The
lesser
rivers
The
lower
part
The
Periyar
The
lower
part
of the
Tapti
The
lower
part
of
Nerbudda
The
several
The
Chambal
The
Betwa
and
river
rivers
and
west
on
the
which
which
flow
and
of
Native
note
in
river
and
its
likely ever
the
regions
rather
of
gation
irri-
than
affluents,the
Megna
canals
supply
to
some
of which
humid
the
Jhelum
taken
and
is wanted
that
drainage
be
of
Bombay
the
are
States,
rivers
; the
the
of
might perhaps
through
formation
the
districts
rivers
canal
not
are
for
streams
Deocan
the
Brahmaputra
which
coast,
same
Bundelkhand,
in
it is
where
Bombaj,
near
India,
known
now
coast
province,
only remaining
the
others,
the
Nagpur
in
from
Bengal,
on
rivers
lesser
capabilities are
; and
the
Kene
the
The
Punjab,
lower
in
irrigation
for
smaller
the
in Central
and
Madras,
near
Madura,
near
rivers
Presidency.
the
Pennar
the
of
other
many
reservoirs
in
in Orissa,
gation.
irri-
for
HI.
THE
HOW
WATER
WAS
it
rain
the
which
wasted.
was
with
and
After
much
the
least
when
the
rain
did
on
the
Yet
lamentations
water
Uie
"
and
ought,
needs
waste
of
be
For
be
and
of
flow
days
the
been
river
stream,
the
flowed
for
As
case
conserve
the
width
of
dry
the
water
bank
to
of
of
one
in
day
sunny
of
of
which
of
England,
of the
frightful
river
may
its channel
"
dred
hun-
two
bridge.
hundred
to
run
gallons
and
bank
that,
days after,
Adyar
the
Marmalong
to
much
instance
an
be
many
millions
against
full from
at
the
for
of
want
would
proverbial "rainy day"
to
wide
and
of
through,
the
permitted
lip,as
stored
for the
done
from
entirely unused,
occurred,
fifty yards
the
ceased,
provided against
was
be
much
passed
expected
not
every
away
have
which
Nothing
three
middle
to
water
Uken.
almost
equivalent
oriental
which
to
rains
been
arising
been
it would
day
had
as
come,
have
the
THE
disquiet,so
of
source
still to
come,
to
crisis
might
upon
seen
were
might,
that
were
was
such
suffering
water,
waste.
fell
DURING
FAMINK
'77
Even
WASTED
yards
In
at
the
the
WASTE
least, the
current
depth
the
WATER"
OF
of
there
was
more
water.
The
water
as
it
seen
was
Tank
weir
deep,
flowing
given
for
of
banks
the
in
water
the
disaster
tanks
funds
works
is
necessity
to
choose
the
much
saving
the
banks
which
the
lesser
of
with
Lord
the
could
Board
of
saving
be
could
made
obvious.
that
What
but
was
is
be
tampered
flow
towards
passing
away
in
were
required, they
with.
the
in
of
unused,
vol.
London,
are
When
sea
i. of
of
out
the
they
a
T^
Longmans,
of
Famine
Green
fluid,
human
Campaign
"
Co.
nomy
eco-
to
estimates,
petty
to
been
repairs
have
been
shown,
are
the
things
which
which
the
and
prime
India, and,
neglected,
are
precious
sacrifice
last
of
considerable
*'a
Tanks
very
previously,
budget
has
parts of
many
waste,
governments
ought
many.
to
run
annual
instance
of
and
necessity
that
the
for
breach
around
months
consequences
one
cultivation
for
Pp. 148-9, 50,
1876-1878.
estimates
instance
one
pre-requisites
economy
they
'
tion
protec-
therefore,
water
their
upon
the
see
that
risk
local
reported
The
etc."
tanks, channels,
to
on
the
upon
Revenue
'
on
effected
be
of
the
works
responsibility
country
Nine
low.
Minute
called
and
savings
Madras
very
his
the
pairs
re-
year,
they
They,
let the
to
petty
which
the
absence
of
no
precautionary
by
than
the
and
revenue
such
take
rather
it wise
tank
the
is necessary.
flooding
issued
Lytton
what
feel
the
evils, and,
two
of the
level
in
tanks,
they
for
some
of
been,
engineers, though
to
reason
level
had
system
unwilling
consider
everywhere,
report
the
the
of
out
The
that
are
consequent
they
the
keep
when
in
water
damage,
and
water,
the
banks,
needful
unsatisfactory
so
of
keeping
of
absolutely
carrying
for
yard
one
The
budget
the
when
retained,
Yet
way.
be
discharging
and
were
of
maj
tank,
hour.
beginning
the
at
enormous.
yards wide
water
this
was
available
not
were
as
truth
was
rain, was
the
frequently
it
storage
Madras)
that
be
may
This
per
if the
what
down
cut
was
were
done
are
The
of
miles
give
might
suburb
six
five
below
was
followed.
of
and
tank
tank
waste
after
water
that,
was
the
of
of
the
hour
an
the
for
permitted
days
of
rate
It
average.
tanks,
waste
few
volume
outflow
this
an
387
miles
two
available
the
the
of
the
at
on
Saidapett (a
at
writer, a
the
by
its waste
over
from
even
indication
an
feet
of
rate
accommodation
But,
Marmalong
the
at
four
was
tank
not
taken
moving
was
ECONOMY
MISPLACED
when
should
is
result
represents,
in
lives.^
in
Southern
India^
ARTHUR
SIR
388
COTTON
IV.
OBITER
DICTA
Expressed
It does
''
the
of
and
fail, then
the
entirely
there
civilians
their
both
is
[This
singularly
Arthur's
Sir
thought
ONCE
FAMINE
general
"The
famine,
to
than
oftener
IN
ONE
have
we
about
in
once
in
has
relation
no
feeling
idea
the
there
be
one
peculiarly
famine
in
years
his
that, excepting
to
expect
to
ONLY.
seem
hundred
fault."
Probably,
with
to
reason
no
it is
and
equally
and
which
India,
are
are
YEARS
me
they
as
engmeers,
HUNDRED
impress
of
special parts
certain
liable
India.]
they
Bengal
personal
or
of
is to
result
bias
the
are
character.
less
welfare
the
was
long
detestable,
are
remark,
accomit
but, wherever
so
engineers
courteous
had
who
man
was
never
the
Cotton's
engineers
inaccurate
strangely
civilians
1878.
oj
they succeed,
admirable
the
and
civilians
the
Arthur
wherever
that
the
but
Where
fault
Sir
k.cs.i.
Committee
still admirable,
are
Works
over
both
are
engineers
engineers
Bengal
looking
me,
CAMPBELL,
Public
before the
irrigation works,
various
engineers
not
to
seem
GEORGE
SIR
witness
as
BY
to
of
tract
one
any
occur
country."
Central
[The
at
visited
by
been
have
Campbell,
Provinces,
time
one
famine
ruled
within
times
four
Sir
by
George
the
past
thirty-two years.]
"The
canal
grand
has
the
Ganges
but
that
my
was
so
the
That
incumbency
in
so
great,
making
point
very
that
of
where
time
it
was
in Bengal,
and
I declined
great dam
it is at
to
the
also
for
but
good
seriously
to
stop
its very
the
to
I have
One
and
for
the
the
upon
to
form, and
entertain
flow
of
largest, where
the
that
the
that
tion,
irriga-
and
other
me
during
the
project
difficulties
were
It involved
Ganges,
it has
was
Government,
upon
me
it.
other
than
irrigatingNuddea
urged
bring
to
I think
navigation
urged
ledge,
know-
any
was
scheme.
deal
which
Calcutta,
it seemed
inchoate
BENGAL.
FOR
Cotton's.
more
was
of
Damuda
useful
extremely
crude
Arthur
Ganges
as
scheme
CANALS
Bengal,
designed
was
same
be
it would
districts.
Sir
mentioned
canal
at
the
from
been
what
in
of
schemes
two
GRAND
schemes
other
only
were
COTTON'S
ARTHUR
SIR
just
received
the
at
all
the
its
regarding
effect
is
the
effects
cultivation, by
the
rapidly,
which
has
and
Nature
"
So
another
in mind.
We
are
in
which
communications
every
and
now
country
of
parts
almost
the
Punjab
it when
buy
were
met
grain,
it
and
habit
when
have
the
the
on
enormous
against
and
it
years.
It
grain
store
and
consequence
market
in
hoarding
which
the
so
country
of
the
of
came
nothing
was
times
conspicuous
has
been
that
was
of
being
so
of
in
famine.
denuded
which
of
such
supplies
means
make
to
was
the
of
the
as
of
store
mous
enor-
they
could
The
years.
difficultyof
the
Nowadays
"
grain dealers,
of
great, there
to
provision
dry country,
famines,
recent
as
native
system,
of
"
Joseph
virtue
and
others,
that
of
years,
the
to
was
habit
native
time
the
cheap
native
was
valley, grain
large number
very
regards
produce
the
provision against famine,
and
in
exportation
afforded.''
it for
the
Sutlej grain
the
prudence
in
from
where,
as
enormous
cultivators, and
that, under
grain,
It
those
pits,in which,
keep
an
from
habit
the
was
plentiful years
out
in
grain
was
year,
so
was
scarcely get anybody
Nerbudda
of
and
speak
can
very
That
in
and
zemindars,
underground
good
same
height
those
which
grain,
also
grain,
had
and
come
in
must
we
country
season
the
munications
com-
famines
of
is
bear
to
question, that
the
there
parts of the
could
; you
the
was
of
native
man
improved
but
export
good
has
quantities
bad
reservoirs,
that
meet
part of
upper
down
doubt
that
more
possible
to
grain.
habit
consider
off
of
that
hoarding
I know
there.
to
of
hand
fact
the
the
of
they
market
had
was
no
drainage
it is necessary
us
of
to
occasionally excessively cheap

which
of
Then
before;
view
lead
the
you
the
security against famine.
again,
drug in
the
enabling
native
old
to
perfectly glutted with
was
which
I think
of
personal experience.
own
my
spread
run
natural
famines.
to
alive
is another
great
very
in
to
the
it is quite
liable
never
there
the
I think
effect
improved
countries
much
that
formerly
in
stored
the
the
by
supply
water
considerable
by
run
forests, and
view, which
the
they
of
of
in
more
remember
cessation
long
the
natural
grounds
very
have
way
in
completely
important
very
down
the
become
may
forests, that
active.
those
on
country
provided
very
that
country
less
has
been
not
the
causes
be
to
down
cutting
cutting
the
which
country,
of
in
produced
COTTON
ARTHUR
SIR
390
an
immense
great
store
there
has
extent
to
grain by
communication
the
of
been
which
ties
facilihave
GRAIN
GKAIN.
"
STOR"S
March
of
that
the
it is
is, within
throes
of
six
the
In
whilst
the
place.
have
the
grounds
It is
should
be
brought
and
wanted,
that
scarcity,but
great
as
the
does
in
give
not
has
bad
the
in
more
from
whether,
deal
good
than
you
will
be
in
were
very
"
to
You
stated
grain,
store
former
to
in
that
but
if
to
they
would
not
be
the
people
sometimes
was
very
much
in
there
the
to
buy
view
very
serious
days
work
at
and
I think
out
that
times
that
to
it
the
was
grain, and,
unless
stored
the
hands
good
of
sary
neces-
the
may
sometimes
at
so
an
"amine
from
for
to
question,
not
are
famines
expensive
which
subject
Chairman
the
themselves,
stores
it
fully.
occurred
obtain
What
you
rate, you
that
furnish
done
room
is
famine
still
and
have
any
that
although
very
Hamilton,
famine
able
of
true
been
to
or
great
just
grain being
the
it has
you
evil
grain
no
more,
is very
there
into
and
grain.
occurred,
is increasing
expense
the
being
therefore,
and,
it is
deamess
the
people,
years
which
wanted,
communication,
olden
still unable
but
have
George
Lord
were
extent,
famines
point
to
necessary
Questions by
that,
cheap
in
bring
there
good
very
perfectly
buying
of
of
of
it is
to
is
is
that
liable
more
which
it leaves
you
means
is
grain
took
economical
general
years
mortality by famine,
financial
drain
less, sometimes
or
it is that
great
although
grain
grain
and
very
view,
of
enable
grain
the
therefore
point
because,
the
the
quantities
in
traders
hand,
on
calculated.
mis-
famine,
the
of
one
cheap
imported
improved
expense,
famine
be
those
less, in obviating the

enormous
the
years
buying
succeeded
have
in
recent
supply
to
of
means
market
the
through
either
the
the
where
country
brought
that
people
of
happened
the
better
financial
year
that
in
was
had
traders
communications
communication
ot
in
doubt
going
was
country
part
with
that
so
improved
it was,
ever
means
least
to
the
greater
importing
it should
from
as
district
the
of
the
other,
much
very
when
of
month
grain
of
The
NOW.
the
to
up
export
time
the
391
STORKS
that,
case
during
the
not
GRAIN
active
of
were
result
result.
the
STORES
frightful famine.
most
with
NO
very
weeks
Government
Bengal,
exporting
were
year,
GRAIN
DAYS
actually
famine
the
NO
OLDBN
IN
Orissa
In
on,
STORES"
it ?
"
the
That
habit
of
their
local
of
people
they
is
so
zemindars
deal
grain.
bankers
in
had
to
the
natives
the
district
the
money,
very
and
The
the
great
vators,
culti-
grain, too,
and
money-
lenders,
get
who
advance
an
in
"
than
in
is
of
unless
they
the
former
this, that
and
traders,
and
whose
generally
who
people
and
scarcity
be
to
paid
re-
in
trade
in
and
time
of
they either
the
with
had
their
to
money
the
be
to
now
money
the
case
bankers,
hands
of
whom
they habitually dealt,
it
own
what
them
advance
to
was
in time
interest
repaid with
be
to
the
I believe
what
profession
need,
still have
would
but
then
was
impoverished
more
are
think
not
money-lenders,
very
with
famine
of
it now,
grain
and
they required
I do
have
or
the
time
times, they
those
No
"
days
in
dealing
of
people generally
in
grain
habit
plenty.
the
were
the
grain
of
time
But
buy
in
are
COTTON
ARTHUR
SIR
392
of
plenty."
'*
THE
GREAT
I wish
What
''
I believe
by
meet
to
is
say
present
the
of
think
that
that
distance
famine
has
magnitude
been
which
be
found
of
indeed,
will
from
in
the
of
to
loss
by
general result, showing
the
back
country
been
on
it will
be
three
that, the
seen
than
WHY
"And
from
an
it had
you
enormous
HE
from
very
ever
it continued
years
apparent
report
year
in
which
way
the
before, and
able
considerof
threw
which
it has
put
famine,
for
the
Bengal.
which
figures
I have
famine
very
whole
some
following
been
in
the
and
in, it will
severe
famine
they
as
scarcely greater
very
the
not
was
years,
the
in
means
it
that
was
in
Office,
just put
population
of
of
seven
page
higher
rose
be
It
in modem
facts
perhaps
was
of
no
hundreds
will
supposed,
quoted
for
famine
famine
India
the
I have
famines.
great
of
which
were
actual
the
to
Take
matters,
known
have
we
the
exaggeration
of
if it
as
records
paper
but
Bengal,
us
that
refer
the
modern
it led
and
parts
The
anything
me
our
to
India.
of
meet
other
deal
good
down
that, in reality,that
some
to
not
part
not
such
been
could
in
could
we
has
this, as
cally,
histori-
matter
which
you
another
In
leads
handed
contained
are
than
by
from
the
never
that
1770.
Committee
the
extracted
were
of
often
there
India
India
quite beyond
If
times.
famine
Bengal
great
of
part
one
into
occurred,
that
means,
EXAGGERATED.
1770
look
we
has
ever
scarcity of grain throughout

necessities
OF
if
that,
famine
no
our
FAMINE"
BENGAL
which
are
in, for there

the
next
revenue
two
or
higher."
OPPOSED
IRRIGATION
think, therefore, that

expenditure
would
EXTENSION.
the
more
certain
than
danger
resulting
counterbalance
GRAND
the
risk
not
meet
very
hereafter
?
of
That
"
variety
climatic
works
for
with
which
of
have
additional
view
of
that
making
until
Questioner
''
in
Mr.
those
pressure
is
and
grain,
been
was
British
Under
?
have
There
"
famine
and
of
a
great
COLONEL
is
good
hoards
FISCHER,
of
has
I
kind,
pressure
there
in
place;
popular
I presume
the
disturbance,
plundered."
were
ON
R.E.,
Asia, and
that
taken
of
which
in
popular
deal
that
hoarded
have
process
of
have
the
by
times.
pressure
riots
a
native
in
deal
good
was
known
mentioned
frequent
who
well
no
which
there
grain
many
pone
post-
produced
people
is
India
there
on
1837-38,
map
better
you
be
to
it ; that
b
and
which
it is very
the
sell
to
in
been
times
upon
Europe,
occasions
been
bear
rule
has
had
rain
SCARCITIES.
grain
of
native
common
very
ANCIENT
compelled
unwilling
in
think
justification
over
go
tion
irriga-
the
m.p.
were
to
are
but
to
of
parts
is
there
wished
hoards
the
In
"
known
it
believe
IN
the
states
brought
who
well
"
that
different
rajahs
GRAIN
Onslow,
fact
different
clear,
that
great
very
some
are
it is
day."
OF
it the
Was
that
justification for
and
I have
another
HOARDS
think
made,
works.
contains
could
we
I think
time,
same
there
is great
there
been
the
India
393
occurring which
at
that
conditions.
which
some
but
remember
to
in respect
India
view
SCHEME
famine
great
some
is my
necessary
of
RESERVOIR
GRAND
THE
CENTRAL
RESERVOIR.
Questioner:
''We
have
the
level
you
know
which
the
was
of
"All
to
Sir
be
indicated.
question.
served
Arthur
This
by
Cotton's
one
x,6oo
be
which
Sir Arthur
Not
great
"all
George
India,'' nor
number
feet
survey
it
referred
Campbell's
unfair
all
Southern
even
of
do
scheme
actually
not
Cotton
It will
above
irrigated ;
reservoir
proposed
reservoir.
that
the
I did
although
Sir
to
was
is
That
and
was
map,
"
scheme,
levels
the
scheme
same
all India
that?
Bellary
it,I took
India!"
the
which
about
for
reservoir
grand
sea, from
proposed
It is the
begging
to
the
of
anything
whole
''
heard
of
Campbell.
George
Sir
be
seen,
storage
on
to
as
of
way
India,
reference
reservoirs
were
SIR
394
reservoir, i,6oo
great
carried
oat
the
of
"
sea
but
himself
that
same
he
but, in
had
expensive
it
that
part
of
time
; but
when
had
been
made.
"
the
reservoir
scale
on
I have
"
out
upon
the
the
land
which
"
Were
then,
was
**
the
Do
dam
and
one
would
and
about
also
six
the
will
of
bed-face
as
Is there
of
hundred
one
beg
to
say
entirely
If
had
with
"
it
to
I did
of
earth,
the
water-tight
What
would
thousand
Do
might
you
not
think
wash
intend
to
such
"
to
cany
but
nine
thousand
it would
and
be
drown
level
back
for
^The
"
it
suppose,
then, after
narrows
have
you
rapidly,
very
feet
water
the
in
river
of
the
as
it with
the
the
over
dam
high
as
tank
of
make
embankment
an
build
of
At
"
river.
the
Cumbum
the
through
length
away
smaller.
has
sixty
the
that
ot
scheme
greatest,
valley
the
it has
across
wall
and
which
it, I should
be
reservoir.
submerged
area
is
river
tank
not
construct
point
the
water
of
the
the
the
bed
the
wide
miles
I believe
"
that
eight
"
feet
district is fully that
nool
I
existing
any
what
extent
that
''
the
proposed
you
hold
at
thirty miles,
or
that
I could
submerged
the
up
much
seven
be
to
you
miles
very
or
land
breadth
the
twenty
some
feet
vary
height
what
the
ninety
be
would
be
up
and
the
feet
of
area
which
upon
of
area
practicabilityof
that
now.
to
up
hundred
would
breadth
got
the
eighty
What
so
more
hundred
One
"
about
"
am
the
it at
you
and
about
the
by
that
regarding
I think
something
it ;
from
mistake
satisfied
but
me,
see
papers
which
submerged
of
remember
was
between
be
would
not
exacdy
excessively
away
practicable,
with
district
the
of
map
was
me
finish
so
the
saw
in
to
was
did
the
you
was
here
and
made,
scale
papers
satisfied
''What
of
no
you
you
had
large
very
back
altogether.
hiUs
the
project
distribution,
Gordon
Mr.
level
told
^Yes, he
"
went
the
distribution, had
the
which
survey
he
elsewhere,
the
saw
through
and
water,
engaged
from
the
the
India.
canal
abandoned
was
country,
Apart
of
be
to
are
above
feet
surveys
the
canals
which
^Yes, i"6oo
"
proposed,
distribution
the
from
Gordon's
brought
I had
as
way
India?
Mr.
seen
you
high"
irrigate all
to
not
COTTON
feet
irrigate all
to
Have
the
ARTHUR
Kursluice.
the
voir
reser-
Tungabudra.
blocks,
concrete
centre.
it ?
"
The
length
time
of
is
between
feet
safe
in
the
whole
floods,
country
and
below
that
?
"
NO
EXHAUSTION
site I believe
that
At
there,
away
very
narrow
"
Could
be
to
into
the
the
distribution
not
have
ought
been
million
project
that
that
saw
and
the
made,
by
which
that
you
district
They
"
said
for
out.
and
saw
were
manner.
which
in
way
would
there
irrigate
could
fifteen
about
pened
hap-
they
expensive
I estimated
in that
land
India,
people,
been
expense.
of
acres
several
have
to
and
unnecessarily
to
scheme
I left
side.
carried
be
before
made,
been
get
distribution, they
not
again
this
of
not
through
goes
either
on
his
it could
that
most
fete
395
it could
below
hills
made
matter
in
the
with
the
was
had
safe
immediately
Gordon
Mr.
the
water
shown
an
what
us
GODAVARI
IN
perfectly
forty miles,
distribution
carrying
be
river
expensive
so
go
the
one
for
it ; after
it would
have
the
tell
you
SOIL
it would
because
gorge
abandoned
how
OF
rupees
acre.
"
You
this
are
tank
carried
do
if not
acres,
much
large quantity
it
of
his,
investigating,if
and
it from
Kistna
the
Questioner:
You
under
Oh,
the
dear
well
but
of
In
"
utilise
is
that
looking
water
ot
million
to
worth
large quantity
be
out
extent?
about
plains,
into
utilise
and
rivers."
FAMINE-STRICKEN.
Agnew.
that
consider, then,
not
that
Carnatic
it is
to
might
carrying
proposes
FREQUENTLY
Vans
to
somewhere
Tungabudra
Government,
were
Bellary has,
no;
the
tank
alluded
large part
very
Cotton
I think
take
and
Mr.
would
in
and
you
BELLARY
''
this
from
irrigate
water
canals
least
at
Sir Arthur
the
of
has
practicabilityof
the
would
more.
suggestion
mere
in
Cotton
enormous
India,
irrigation
of
think,
which
from
all
not
concur
you
gigantic system
Bellary,
tank,
irrigate,if
to
India;
grand
as
Sir Arthur
that
I think,
aware,
sufficient
since
tanks
those
protection
three
suffered
1850,
from
in
Bellary,
?
famine
"
times
from
have
been
famine."
Questioner:
"
Do
you
exhaustion
exhaustion
year.
consider
That
Campbell.
that
without
they
Are
G.
successful
extremely
"
Sir
of
the
of the
is not
WORKS.
GODAVARI
the
those
on
Godavari
the
Certainly.
"
any
soil, or
soil ;
the
works
the
in
drawback
anything
soil
is
respect
of
that
fertilised
thing complained
of
of unhealthiness
sort?
from
by
the
"
the
is
There
river
people
or
at
no
every
all.
SIR
396
Have
"
"
We
had
the
doctors
fever, but
irrigation.
people
have
On
the
''
The
whole,
feverish
"
And
?
has
there, and
that
case
which
very
could
is
very
there
was
ordinary type.
very
time
whole
the
I
never
I
a
saw
recovered.
district
is the
with
been
in
your
there
irrigation;
successful
veiy
in
of India
only part
"
successful
Most
"
Do
see
you
be
not
applied
Kistna
the
''Will
allusion
tell
at
has
CENTRAL
"Had
that
height
already
in
of
1,600
made
been
"
No,
out
above
The
proposal
grand
the
which
to
sea,
is to
project
have
dam
Bellary district.
the
had
that
feet
not
completed
the
kindness
examined
and
yourself fully surveyed
you
"
carried
be
AGAIN.
RESERVOIR
particulars respecting
some
us
river
the
across
It will
"
delta.
you
Bellary,
should
navigation
of
system
irrigationprojects
other
to
such
why
reason
any
THE
in
of
was
than
fever
myself,
cases
many
navigation
of
It
"
during
largely combined
this system
has
the
health
the
that
before?
of
was
it,but
about
Godavari
the
that
of
health
the
think
is less
fever
easily
be
the
comfort
that
district
there
treated
not
to
one.
The
said
due
not
was
improved.
now
so.
and
opinion
from
1869
largely, and
very
wealth
I should
"
poor
that
been
navigation
opinion
the
unhealthy
I have
I believe
"
I believe
"
of
are
an
think
deal
great
was
in
and
in
in
it
that
increased
has
considerably
you
formerly
you
indeed
season
irrigation
the
attending
opinion
the
enormously
district
one
of
are
deteriorated
not
the
"Was
unhealthy
very
population
district has
the
COTTON
unhealthiness
any
increased
district has
observed
you
?
system
ARTHUR
it
; it
was
to
tell
us
for
the
and
completed
under
never
for
me
completion.
"Will
?
done
"
to
an
you
had
throw
Cotton's,
came
the
originator
whole
proposed
quantity
district.
and
upon
of
the
of
scheme
scheme
and
of
to
into
going
the
site
over
levels
for
up
the
and
down
that
dam.
No,
Sir
Arthur
out
area
for
project
reservoir,
"
channel
Pennar
that
had
you
for
Yes,
"
reservoir?
take
much
dam.
project
the
how
irrigate a large
to
water
In
taking
this
sections
cross
ordinary anient,
Nellore
the
for the
mean
Cotton
by
I took
"
Were
"I
have
you
the
where
of
the
of
bed
the
of
river
the
Bellary,
of
use
the
Arthur
Sir
of
and
the
natives
river,
had
pensation
land^ etc., ^50,000
for
supervision^ ;^
and
"And
that
Yes.
in the
be
the
get
which
and
in
taken
water
I showed
our
single instance
one
to
could
the
land
WIDESPREAD
Mr.
Questioner:
the
"So
the
to
ment
''
the
in
irrigate,
to
failed
never
up."
opinion, is
your
that
revenue
the
to
brings
it
general comfort, health,
and
Yes,
people?"
proposed
confined
not
(rovern-
the
to
not.
it extends
But
failed
never
IRRIGATION.
OF
works,
direct
Certainly
"
"
Bellary
the
of
irrigated.
be
acres
Lloyd.
of these
of
amount
taken
BENEFIT
Sampson
benefit
which
land
half.
1,000,000
there, and
works
people
get
and
experience
constant
any
million
irrigating
of
all the
for
distributaries,sundries,
makes
hope
eight years'
district,being in chaige of
to
minor
That
100,000.
would
had
COTTON
ARTHUR
SIR
398
preservation
the
the
of
well-being
and
the
of
people
of
district
the
"And
of famines.
"From
witness,^
that
of
boats
against
barges
or
view.
I know
current
is of very
that
Godavari
much
than
I propose,
in
the
that
slope
under
mile
feet
revising
the
consider
the
tion
preven-
been
has
long
hour,
which
point if you
two
"
the
previous
will
canals
witness
allow
for
of
question.
of
whole
me.
Sir
great
it
of
to
I
A
Arthur
the
the
can
using
are
in
only
for
that
what
for
properly
well-being
give
one
officer
Cotton,
not
in
or
but
velocity
of
navigation.
said, that
constructed
of the
two
and
you
for
people
instances
myself
1852,
named,
mile
defect
a
have
you
half
difficulty,and
give, gives
easy
in
now
canals
our
with
remedy
to
brother
experience,"
we
is
that
perfectly
important
most
navigated, although
given
irrigation, when
perfectly certain
am
is
that
navigable,
estimates,
the
of
uses
navigation, to
is
part
moving
entirely against
am
never
mile, and
the
confirm
you
difficultyin
than
generally speaking,
we,
be
are
velocity
have
"
canals
That
fact, I gather from
"In
current
We
would
is great
there
greater
five
an
that
Italian
the
large aqueduct.
over
which
work
knowledge,
the
district.
greater slope
cut
been
personal
own
your
evidence
has
That
Yes, and
"
consideration.
under
the
famines?
of future
prevention
the
referred
"
in
had
to
Nursapur
to
in
USEFUL
Canal
and
the
navigable
Canal.
throughout,
the
cut
as
navigation
about
was
in
works
The
acres
30,000
the
than
12,000
the
or
revised
Canal
make
of
"
the
first
that
of
means
as
took
of
in
water-rate
whole
Book
Blue
by
No
of
"
House
the
question,
against
Committee
out
of
the
ordeal.
tions
founda-
the
increase
an
of
they
"
the
for
works
;^4,ooo
and
by
Yes,
land?
more
of
market
to
the
pletion
com-
returned
was
for
year."
preceding
India
to
printed,
strong
irrigation,
to
leave
bias
this
of
irrigation
comes
ordered
1878."
the
volume
leading
the
August,
understand
thoroughly
from
Works),
(Public
be
to
taken
are
passages
East
afford
the
notwithstanding
out
Attaly
the
got
produce
up
whole
;^5,6oo,
Commons
can
their
took
The
Report,
desires
who
one,
more
carrying
into
for
by
up
was
had
we
applied
get
they
cost
the
of
locks
put
before
could
once.
first
people
channel
canal
the
the
they
as
at
that
works,
took
when
any
irrigated
be
never
1,
was
irrigation.
for
soon
acres
10,000
The
land
187
and
in,
navigable
those
navigable,
lock
of
acres
So
for
it
In
acres.
estimates
to
10,000
13,000
Canal
without
to
people
tion
irriga-
expected
Attaly
expected
made
was
therefore
and
area
but
of
The
channel,
it.
Canal
acres
40,000
36,000.
over
up
399
Nursapur
of
out
irrigation
an
BCX)K
The
and
took
people
simply
it
Attaly
BLUE
tion
irriga-
unstudied
members
triumphantly
of
the
CHAPTER
The
of
Cost
IF,
as
famines
it
be
may
and
it
of
would
to
be
cheaper
possible,
not
of
records
of
money
basis,
famine,
will
Unhappily,
circles,
famine
that
**
coming
is
all
do,
1880,
Sir
George
used
savour
Famines,"
when
as
they
may
Campbell
language
almost
is
it
seems
with
But
dreadful.
far
as
fair
is
not
an
the
merely
undertake
public
if
to
not
even
that
proximation
ap-
of
on
that,
seeing
prevails,
India
in
nowadays
very
can
we
the
are
mitigate,
hope
may
is
welfare
to
to
towards
feeling
evil.
It
taken
be
large
we
that
even
better
sufficiently
full
This
that,
been
with
so
material
found
content
now
this
is
done
future.
the
are
be
basis
estimate
made.
the
have
were
steps
it
would
prevent,
some
in
If
it
India,
be
depends
whether
accurate
in
lives
material
be
to
But,
may
in
ascertain
loss.
famines
it
India.
which
money
cost
On
people
wholly
the
than
prove,
preventible,
cost
most
absolutely
recent
some
enquiry.
works
of
even
the
on
to
the
to
as
remedies
An
is
so
matter
provide
of
idle
famine,
relief.
administering
Money
wholly,
what
enquire
the
put
to
and
endeavours
if not
largely,
are
Indian
"
work
this
as
to
an
not
"
and
pertinent
money
Lives
"
India
in
In
Famine
allege,
some
XII
in
to
they
and
1878,
identical
fatalism.
400
be
to
the
mitigate
by
the
Famine
with
"
before
act
an
as
argued,
the
are
is
in
accepted
frequency
Passing
practically
of
be
to
come,
be."
particularly
will
official
table
inevi-
come,
unknown.^
of
God.
their
All
quences
conse-
obvious
remark
Commissioners
this.
The
official
in
marks
re-
FAMINE
that
RELIEVED
if famines
though
the
are
fighting against
His
the
of
Government
twenty
their
to
which,
as
been
are
pages
concerned,
money
hand
in the
been
put
Again,
the
done.
to
intention
in
with
more
reaped
by
year
one
and
per
day,
of
less
or
of
with
surplus
for
relieve
occurring,
from
utmost
has
been
done
famines
; we
will
relieve
but
more,
ing
die
it
saved
of
at
was
at
any
Indian
and
and
Lytton
the
far
so
which
long
that
they
appear
all the
sufferers
be
possible.
**
simply
of
own
show,
population,
famine
on
tained
ob-
consider
done.
we
God
can,
wish
is
of
money,
to
we
life and
saving
to
average
and,
We
efforts
can
an
head
their
desired
food-grain
give
^with
with
is
they
emergencies,
been
their
enough
can
has
have
done
per
famine.
it all is, with
may
to
always
of
thing
as
lavish
have
of
railways
as
with
feature
his
time
same
this
in
the
sends
and
keep
could
do
prevent*
distressful
colleagues, January,
laid
'^
down
cost
at
diseases
authorities
and
at
least
any
five
brought
mean
effort ;
millions
they
go
the
1877.
And
yet,
life xAo//
woman
man,
that
or
famine
very
by innutrition
on
well
no
in
of
state
human
.
starvation,"
starvation
The
Lord
said
though
e
astonishing
most
So
So
content
and
suffering."^
extreme
The
be
must
we
hold,
which
be
if that
alive
of relief, has
consider
have
taxation"
general
code
they
"
famine
recognise
now
grain
people
the
tion
contradic-
of government
India
Empire
pounds
quarter
everybo^dy
must
the
their
wrong
in
what
in
in
prevention
the
accuracy,
year
well
mischief
the
famine-stricken.
the
relieve
they
failed, for
wholly
and
world,
the
past
department
wisely,
the
for
pity
the
expended
Governments
famine
prevent
all
to
during
phases
public works,
means
the
as
been
of
as
Successive
have
has
unhappily,
best
but,
at
not
"
construction
forward
in any
found
justice
in direct
all
even
be
to
bare
devised
with
surpassed
these
in
prove
have
"
in
acted
grapple
Likewise
anywhere.
not
wonderfully
They
to
401
creatures,
that
stated
have
They
attempt
never
it must,
done
argument.
an
probably
have
His
India, ought
India, be
famine.
of
treatment
of
PREVENTED
God,
decrees,
they
years,
of
act
rulers
the
be
they
NOT
and
wrong
want
way
child
did
shall
die
of
generally.
to
26
work.
SIR
402
affairs
is the
forward
the
wrote
H.
America
of
of
threepence
for
demands
They
labourer.
of
diversity
Here,
the
by
in
now,
in
Sir
good
as
Abstract
for
devoted
to
for
the
period
number
first and
position
of
for
all
1873
to
pounds
years
^Pp. 66-67,
the
in
parts
to
of
1897.
the
The
for
comparison,
Commissian
Famine
"
Ibid., p. 67.
ing
rest-
proceed
to
'
infancy,'
fostering
"
be
whether,
Indian
labourer
years
in
when
ago,
above
the
the
com-
Statistical
is the
the
number,
latest
of
last
Empire,
Report^
over
represent
I
as
that
Food
ranging
rupee.
exactly
section
year.
figures given
one
cepted
ac-
taken
annually,
autumn
purchasable
for
the
made
Turn
by
must
be
feature
field
decline."
twenty
was
or
of
is, by
leaves
as
diseases
its
argument
Sullivan
Current.
met
rightly
may
in
same
gravity
the
against
the
India, published
issued
from
it
note
useful
least
the
Prices
last
of
food
Mr.
of
one
that
protesting
be
to
not
lbs.
against
cooly
Grovernment
he
as
and
given
are
of
The
long passed
guard
times
extreme
(they
has
that
so
"
as
sixty
to
the
Indian
is
For
to
price
British
1897-98,
prices
reader,
Not
parision.
"
interruption
Caird
James
is
British
the
the
1900,
fact
famine
occupation,
brief
the
nation
as
of
task
the
and
chronic
nations.'
India
"
this
of
fact
same
threepence
shelter."
of
is the
is much
of
price
eight
are
climate
States
common
**
and
two
as
poverty
'
of
infancy
remark),
this
urge
that
satisfied
the
the
of
illustrative
to
1879-80.
comparison
fifty lbs.
wages
and
clothing
regard
Commissioners
"
the
conclusions
of
^The
and
Service)
Southern
employed,
negro's
while
day,
per
the
namely,
shillings
the
institute
in
is
labourer,
two
of
labourer.
negro
Civil
Commission
labourer
is put
Caird
James
some
protest, they
But, the
Indian,
the
its
the
Sir
famine
Madras
Famine
Indian
Indian
rupee."
per
the
where
the
their
the
against
the
black
free
and
grain/'
that
Protest
9, of
the
late
(of
on
of
unavoidableness
Sullivan
colleagues
between
the
The
of
paragraph
COTTON
disguise.
E.
Minute
of their
of
that
without
Hon.
In
fact
ARTHUR
take
I find
1880^ Part
the
them,
and
IN
INCREASE
GREAT
them
work
in
out
FOOD
English
lbs.,
with
403
result
as
follows
:"
VARIOUS
GRAINS.
FOOD
1897-
X873.
lbs.
Common
Bengal
PRICES
Rice.
(13 districts),average
i)
lbs.
per
FEWER
per
per
LBS.
in
rupee
nipe".
rupee.
4325
19-49
2376
2857
17-40
III7
Burma
(3)
42-17
23-18
18-99
Punjab
(6)
23*49
15*53
North-
Central
Provinces
Madras
(7)
and
Bombay
(3)
Sind
Oudh(i
and
Provinces
West
(8)
(4)
Assam
7*96
4680
19-11
27-69
36*28
2027
i6'oi
23-81
47-17
17-78
29*39
17-16
10-15
34*37
20*09
14*28
"
1897.
7*84
5 "97
Wheat.
Bengal
North-
Provinces
West
Punjab
(6)
Central
Provinces
(i i)
Oudh
and
(3)
"
Bombay
"
(7)
4375
2085
22*90
4659
i8-83"
27*76
27-91
15-16
12-75
5383
22-67
31*16
Barley.*
Bengal
North-West
Provinces
Punjab
(6)
JOWAR
Bengal
North-
Oudh(i
and
Provinces
i)
(6)
Central
Provinces
(3)
"
(3)
Madras
Sind
and
Bombay
North-
(8)
(Bulrush
Bajra
Provinces
West
and
(4)
Bombay
33*49
2833
3874
41-27
28-88
12*39
46-10
25-07
2IX)3
5713
23^3
33*50
56-79
24*41
32*38
4697
28-92
1805
47*19
22-00
27*19
40-52
24-83
15*69
54-38
20-38
3400
57-92
35*78
22-14
37*53
19*56
47*24
2583
21-41
67-84
32-13
3571
33*09
27*63
(11)
Oudh
(6)
Madras
26-30
Millet).
average
Punjab
5979
67-08
Millet).
(Great
West
Punjab
(10)
Oudh
and
(7)
17*97
Ragi.
Bengal
(i district),
average
Madras
Bombay
(4)
(2)
Calculated
'
The
There
earliest
were
from
particulars
year
times
given
and
for
on
pp.
316-328,
barley is 1886^
places
in
the
not
5-46
Abs.y 1897-98.
Stat.
1873
Central
as
with
Provinces
others.
when
SIR
404
Sir
Apply
will
equal
an
regards
of
years
he
for
rupee,
And,
it must
with
the
not
the
are
given.
are
1897
side
of
times
Bilaspur
to
12
that
at
time
the
(823 lbs.) to
and
180
221,
R.
Cradock,
H.
^
only
in
reach
part
figures
The
a
few
50 lbs.
of
India
of
ran
sixty
to
and
lbs.
are
fully
woe-
desiderated
rupee
per
by
poorer
in
rupee,
while
in
i.cs., voL
for
on
i.
rupee.
such
The
as
year
prices again.
120
been
on
effect
of
in
seers
in
of
(247
Central
for
be
at
rose
this
rise
the
from
Rajpur
procurable
Famine
Nagpore,
1898 (available
grains,
up
had
the
were,
years
Bilaspur
kodon
the
judged
be
may
favourable
could
represented
grain (in 1828-29)

and
rupee,
classes
prices
here
is
as
rice, and
(25 lbs.) per
the
cheap
per
^the
"
big shrinkage
little better, but
food
wheat,
156, Report
p.
show
much
as
(370 lbs.) of
seers
Para.
labourer
fifty
stuff
this food-
Of
rupee,
alone
wages
"
price
of
whose
"
seers
condition
community
ordinary
per
fifty-fivelbs.
times
''The
obtained.
lbs.
The
wage.^
grains
sixteen
the
negro
wheat.
to
negro
is made.
of the
labourer's
negro
the
regard
by
19*69
the
Caird
James
in
for
the
than
simply,
artisan
artisan.
The
ceases.
comparison
rise
work
scarcity,
all classes
consumed
commoner
of
the
the
to
large towns,
in
more
earns
affects
was
and
vinces
Pro-
panying
accom-
for the
save
entirely
alone
worse
that,
that
other
in
in the
or
more
show
to
proportion
labourer
in
rice
little
"
shown
was
common
while,
in
prices
almost
higher
short
that
high
even
in
average
the
of
and
often
not
nearly
for the
overlooked,
whom
labourer
Matters
The
been
be
artisan
lbs.
as
contrary,
nothing
increase
way
either
is
Bengal,
in
the
no
price, too,
not
Sir
of food
with
increased
the
there
He
the
lbs. of
half
on
now
labourer.
On
it
footing,
equal
fifty to sixty
further, certainly
labourer,
eight
in
advent
artisan,
by
of from
labourer
an
now.
and
twenty-one
has
or
"
is not
Presidencies,
price
labourer
negro
the
increased
table
in the
with
figures, and
above
Indian
like
Meanwhile
have
and
is the
anything
He
instead
the
to
test
case
or
ago.
got only
wages
no
food
one-third.
his
in
footing,
1897,
than
that
price
twenty
Caird's
James
found
be
COTTON
ARTHUR
400
seers
lbs.) of
a
on
fact
rice
rupee."
Provinces^
"
by
1898.
Sept
barley
ist, 1900)
and
jowar,
after, 1899, famine
better, but
are
do
figures
the
over
great
SIR
4o6
COTTON
ARTHUR
CO
8" '8
"
a
IX
CO
CO
l-l
I +
"-
CO
pes
i
s
8^2
-^
JO
^^
IS.
JJ.-.2 o
-JO
tsu^
00
00
CO
M
Pk
0$
c
o
a
a
VO"p
^ô
"
"
"^:
Co
00
ts
CO
ir"t*^
CO
O
H
"
CO
co
o
o
"*
CO*-"
fO+
CO
CO
to
^?5ê
^^
";rf
""2
CO
CO
CO
^N
vj)
coo
ts
rt
CO
u^
t:
k4
CO
a
O
"
\r%
"d
Co
I is
"
r;, i:
ii
^
r^"*
o-m"*^^"-**^**)
^^
")
co
"*
"
"-"
-a
u
tr\
CO
Co
oo
pes
"
CO
CO
"d
o
'13
G"
M
-d
U3
111
o
IS
up"P^PQUfeSQ":f2wm""'""="52;p^rtScop^H
Ofl
the
resembling
ingy
the
"In
records
closely
of
period
five
and
round
in
of
turies
cen-
and
the
the
people
without
ing
dwell-
suffering."
details
the
we
of
come
the
famine.
the
upon
pestilences
There
without
turn
his
which
hardly
is
time
that
in
these
any
ghastly
The
vast
statistics
Although
in
detail
what,
added
of
cause
of
the
from
relating
Colonel
to
Pitcher,
Chap,
iv., An
and
(Government
choly records
which
the
need
the
and
be
Inquiry
cited.
into
Classes
the
in
They
Economic
the
Printer, Allahabad,
ever
came
from
the
North-
1888),
raised
as
Western
one
of
tions
quota-
of
Europe^
press
of
to
by
"
the
Provinces
the
by
brief
follows
Condition
printing
argue
referred
time
are
to
been
Development
the
witness
distressed
high officials,two
at
to
irrigation, is
increasing
has
the
bad
which
further
of
the
on
mournful
in
may,
people,
from
going
mon
com-
where
Bengal,
place
question
country
may
Indian
The
'*
it
districts
bear
Intellectual
own
Labouring
above
the
as
Draper's
our
is
continually
Commissioners
Famine
quantity,
is not
to
India,
of
existing
is of
It
the
part
of
what
those
and
quite
written,
reason
of
major
given
this
have
the
masses
districts
the
light
rapidly sinking."
sufficient
this.
should
He
observation
the
in
then,
India, that, be
and
in
to
is
irrigated
always
condition
it
the
coasts
real
only
India
to
Oudh
the
two
I.
understood
be
the
history
the
upon
Edward
chroniclers
correct
of
the
worse.
cultural
and
of
these
of
dwell
to
The
during
be
condition
Western
emerge
naming
records
well-nigh
death
of
the
has
knowledge
the
the
on
which
into
is
without
the
it wearisome
throughout
strengthen
will
facts, he
rain
"
in
sameness
of
Pitcher
Colonel
save
grculually
records."
the
strangely
"
however,
years
**
as
is
writer
recent
monotony
famine
followed
state
sad
India
407
"
century
Richmond.
of
pages
of
''
makes
cannot,
the
upon
which
between
Henry
England
from
people
lie
of
coming
this
the
which
of
said
and
of
sufferings
fifteenth
necessarily
is
pestilences,
the
quotes
having
as
There
"
state
then
He
him,
in
England
of
state
FAMINE-STRICKEN
CHRONICALLY
INDIA
Agriand
most
melan*
in any
country.
SIR
4o8
tributary
after
the
be
of
the
IV.
Lincoln,
and
the
demanding
that
wealth
Rome
facts
Crown
the
on
offices, and
the
as
in
England
that
ecclesiastical
the
had
from
king
nor
of
the
treasure
Our
enquiry
resumed.
There
this, with
any
calamity
which
of
famine
terrible
and
since
to
been
whole
the
to
to
time
to
visitation
and
that
the
be
of
much
venue
re-
of
Bill
the
as
the
as
revenue
to
Pope's
any
of
1376
for
Pope
that
alien
coming
who
clergy,
flocks, convey
away
India
which
as
India
in
1897
for
in
in
1876
the
had
to
to
to
1878.
the
The
widespread
most
known.
1898
doing
relation
only
be
now
may
available
material
regarded
"
the
famine
accuracy,
eclipsed,
great
from
times
their
the
Parliament
five
that
by
all the
was
much
of
with
Rome
by
as
mine
shown
Good
'
stall
Southern
was
to
and
was
England
see,
cost
appears
befell
twice
to
ages
Commons
the
realm,
country."
approach
that
in
hundred
have
Parliamentary
is fourfold
cared
as
the
Innocent
England
for
than
The
paid
tax
the
seen,
king,
"
dignities,
never
the
the
it
greater
was
Christendom."
forth
sets
that
of
should
"
drawn
the
of
things
by
the
three
ecclesiastics
money
by
for
of
made
asserted
income
made
of
of
thrice
occasion
"
caused
Bacon,
the
England
In
Grost6te,
astics
ecclesi-
be
boy
tendency
of
levied
taxes
prince
mere
allegations
They
from
years
by foreign
Church
Remonstrances
amount
kingdom.
the
appointment
the
the
to
as
the
as
by
*'
^the
"
be
to
"
Cathedral.''
to
such
nephews
on
was
clergy
Roger
it to
was
Fifty
Robert
received
found
was
realm.
of
friend
provision
his
of
one
"
speaking,
are
This
Italian
Lincoln
in
He
Europe
There
every
amount
himself.
king
additional
to
we
England.
in
all
III.).
from
which
ascertained
Crusades
the
"
money
of
of
Bishop
to
of
time
of
(Innocent
Pope
drain
the
COTTON
operation
the
to
steady
the
Through
"
ARTHUR
and
It
in
has
1899
1900.
*
397,
Draper's
and
434.
Intellectual
Development
of Europe^
fifth edition, pp.
365,
WHAT
Government
1.
FAMINE
COSTS
Expenditure:
"The
direct
outlay
"
relief
on
409
the
reached
"
of
sum
8,CXX),000
nearly"*
Loss
2.
Revenue:"*
Land
OF
1876
;"90,000
1877
i,30o"ooo
1878
1,130,000
2,520,000
Loss
3.
Crops:"
OF
Assume
the
as
of
of
the
is
Loss
4.
their
Report
;C2,520,ooo X
it
say
produce,
gross
Excise
OF
Government
by
sents,
repre-
Commissioners,
Famine
II. of
Part
taken
revenue
the
on
loss
the
p.
112,
teenth
one-six-
does,
the
to
tivators
cul-
37,800,000
"
IS
Revenue
:"
"7^,000
1877
1878
163,000
1879
46,000
285,000
Loss
5.
Revenues:"^
Customs
OF
1876
"iZ,ooo
1^77
74,000
1878
118,000
1879
114,000
1880
88,000
1881
72,000
479,000
'
Famine
"
P.
'
Commission
27,
Central
not
normal
all
(save
115,
of
tax
land
per
has
I.C.S., vol.
No.
i.
(or
"The
been
(less than
on
the
Famine
Nagpore,
14, Statistical
four
annas
in
Secretariat
per
Central
is
severe,
to
yet
claimed
"absorbs
in
anna
poorest
most
And
produce
one
96.
para.
them.
demand
revenue
cent,
32,
greatly overstated,
give
total
to
p.
India,
not
insignificant quit rent)
an
Report
is
this
out-turn.**
distress
triflingrate
6^
British
Commissioners
p.
whether
The
about
where
as
I., 1880,
Abstract^
proportion
same
than
of
value
at
the
Provinces.
more
Statistical
doubt
figures
the
nearly
14,
much
very
the
take
No.
Part
Report^
the
parts
the
either
pay
find
in
the
probably
rupee)
of
but
I
of
the
Province
no
revenue
Government
or
...
cultivated
acre)."
Provinces^
by
Press,
Abstract, BritishlmUa,
R.
Para.
H.
163,
Cradock,
1898.
p. 29.
"
Ibid., No.
16, p.
26.
SIR
410
6.
Loss
ARTHUR
Salt
OF
COTTON
Revenue:"^
1877
;"62,ooo
1878
211,000
273"ooo
Country
7.
Silver
Mint
Bombay
show
'*
about
as
of
gold
of
David
as
sterling,
the
had
Rs.
Sir
"
304
Evidence
'
"
India
East
submitted
p.
16, StatisHoil
No.
*'
Some
by Mr.
also
'*
of
Robert
lakhs
the goldsmith's
of
gold
at
Graham,
Sir
Barclay,"
savings
melting-pots
were
were
Sir
million
only
proper
distress)
"
was
2S.
per
;î,ooo"ooo.
.9,880,000
.
India^
p. 27.
K.CS.1.,"
1,612, Part
brought
out
going day
in
and
other
the
Figures
[c. 7060-1], 1893,
Appendix"
Barbour,
and
Official
CLE.,
David
Ans.
only
Madras
in
if
prevent
Enquiries
of
was
and
one
upon
drawn
ceived
re-
down."*
Donald
he
representing
British
Abstract
to
which
8,88,00^000
x2=Rs.
Currency
Evidence
said
melted
drawn
rupee=;((;8,88o,ooo; gold,
'
Bombay,
India
India
as
to
the
in
actually minted,
was
adopted
been
Bombay
from
Hay
"
fraction
(needlessly
4,44,00,000
H.
from
gold
reserves
elsewhere
means
was
Sir
and
alise
re-
David
that
Madras
only
the
know
sent
exported
Barbour's
and
from
of ornaments
*'
Barclay's
rupees.''
in
think,
would
we
famine
great
more
Mints
the
when
in
; but
evidently composed
much
what
of
dealers."
the
return
cent,
quantity
fraction
4,44,00,000
reached
only
ornaments
The
gold
and,
Rs.
which
[1897-98],
"
amount
England,
Mr.
famine,
the
quantity
to
silver
fiftyper
of the
large
Take
of
the
excludes
years
3,32,00,000
natives
testified
Mint
Rs.
been
famine
recent
closed,
Barbour
have
by the
the
were
years
The
must
sold
In
"
said
Mints
was
for
1,12,00,000
Barclay
the
returns,
"
Rs.
Mr.
Ornaments:"*
Silver
and
IL,
p. 305
1899.
famine
night
; and
for
of
some
1876-77
months
WHAT
foregoing
The
of
''
is not
"
pinch
would
works,
the
Rs.
disappeared
No
all
drawn
food.
As
prices
class
any
the
food
the
be
would
endured
high
fact,
tons
per
of
half
the
Mint
and
B.
^
RiCHEY,
Speech
was
famine
IS,
Relief
"s
show
food
matter
millions
Madras
additional
what
districts
Aug.
Famine
bX
only
doubled.'
eight
in
they
of
as
than
more
months
will
price
the
consumed
alone
C.S.I.,
at
six
Say,
months
though,
much
high
Presidency
the
six
that
ton,
per
were
for
the
in
for
ot
the
people.
of
Chan-
two-thirds
from
of
during
and
"
that
considered
annum
Returns
metals
J.
price
that
prices
Commissioners
The
and
;"io
Madras,
Buckingham
millions
twenty
the
In
Two-thirds
these
doubled,
of
ton.
the
estimated
suffering
were
(an under-estimate),
was
1880
stated
food.''
of
of
of
Duke
Presidency
price
per
Governor,
the
dos,
"s
at
the
famine,
accumulated
Food:"
of
Commission
of
value
used
realised
be
India.
in
Famine
of
price
what
at
be
to
the
better-off
it may
prices,
wealth
wards
to-
at
pot
high
always
relief,
ornaments
the
the
by
are
Price
Increased
The
now
it is for
impossible
by
came
famine
of
from
them
from
were
200,000
melting
the
the
who
Rs.
worth
in
in
charitable
of
the
classes.
millions
the
receipt
this
considered
be
how
and
also
on
perished
who
4,44,00,000
Mint.
people,
it throws
well-to-do
estimate, contribute,
not,
which
to
by
more
in
or
Hght
the
411
but
interest
much
the
and
Presidency,
relief
on
in
experienced
Madras
of
only
five millions
COSTS
FAMINE
importance
great
The
8.
the
take
cost,
accumulation
amounted
have
must
of
of
to.''
cious
preHon.
"
1888.
held
Meeting
in
Madras
4th,
August
on
1877.
'
Under
purchase
not
in
ordinary
last
as
four
week
if the
times
the
Southern
circumstances
normal
India
Southern
nearly
of
July
in
In
is
rate
Indta, 1877-79,
moderate
vol.
of
instead
merely
time
grain
three
at
England,
amount.
estimate
the
quoted
was
loaf
quartern
that
it
at
of
that
pound,
one-half
sold
seasons
lbs.
two
than
more
at
in
nor
ten
i,,passim.
August,
even
four
or
would
anna
1877,
that
measures
per
See
the
price
Famine
it would
rupee
Rice,
; in
which
measures,
of
buy
quantity.
being sixpence,
of
doubling
one.
one
was
grain,
the
was
nearly
fore,
there-
Campaign
in
SIR
412
and
price
increased
the
COTTON
ARTHUR
food
of
tonsx;^5s3;"2o,ooo,ooo
4,000,000
third, to
accord
into
come
and
statement,
the
with
the
take
off
Duke's
be
to
amount
"^
represented,
one-
(under)
brought
is,
out
13,000,000
say
9.
Loss
Cattle,
OF
Implements,
etc:
normal
in
Roughly,
Presidency
"
there
years,
in
are,
the
Madras
"
cattle
14,000,000
8,000,000
sheep
5,000,000
goats
and
horses
40,000
ponies
and
mules
100,000
donkeys
27,140,000^
Total
.
Richard
Sir
Agricultural
Houses,
his
of
of
sign
it
unless
in
the
fodder"
showers
In
fall ;
not
was
have
to
was
end
of
would
died, and
perish
before
fell in
January,"
cattle
dying
item
careful
these
as
''
frequent
Bombay
such
half
the
district, ''one-
Bellary
than
tirely
en-
there
Before
said
were
more
did
or
and
of
one
almost
was
stubble,
grass/'
heavy
showers
country
or
cattle
thought
June
of
the
in
Delegate,
the
crop
1876,
of
was
the
all
fodder
December,
fourth
'*
stated
reports,
bare
no
Famine
Temple,
in
'
for
District
statements
but
want
ports.
Re-
were
pared,
pre-
"
Sholapur:-^
Cattle
before
Cattle
in
"mine
224,599
....
August,
1877.
97*167
Loss
.
"Of
these
only
and
Cattle
before
in
Taluk
August,
16,591
1877.
5)47^
11,121
Taluk:
"
famine
Cattle
before
Cattle
in August,
35,747
5.644
1877
.
Loss
30,
'
Agricultural
P.
56,
Famine
for
.-"
famine
Loss
Indee
fit
purposes
Mohul
Cattle
127,432
"
agricultural
Madhee
44,000
considered
were
Statistics
for
Campaign^
British
vol.
i.
India
for
'
IHdy
"
03
1888-89,
pp.
P-
229.
364-366.
Total
be
fairly reckoned,
lo
to
in
and
smaller
the
say
estimated
and
of
cost
the
Famine
"82^36,500
"82,000,000
money
THE
LIVES
HUMAN
OF
FIVE
MILLIONS
OF
BEINGS,
Who
this
terrible
the
loss
in
for
all
;f 20,298,000
for
this
period,
twelve
only.*
In
1879,;^
irrigation
works
that
March,
31st
in
period
same
was
1879,
"
;"4,74r,2o8
Provinces
West
2,849,429
1,965,752
Bombay
923,446
18,696
;Ci"^498,53i
these
to
on
most
say
that
Sir
which
Madras
Presidency
;f 10,200,000
Madras
works
in the
in
each
for
the
"
P.
1876
117,
of
the
to
he
Statistical
Abstract^
England
is
to
for
retire
from
and
had
expenditure
seventeen
been
No.
14.
in
years,
no
than
to
absolutely
districts
twenty
More
Cotton
retained
desired
have
1879.
It
had
been
succeeding
would
there
all,
years
*
in
he
in
!
Madras
had
Cotton
the;^30,oooayear
irrigation
in
i860, when
Arthur
Arthur
endeavours
strenuous
if, from
Sir
which
in
years
irrigation
adequate
Service,
had
the
were
his
making
procure
was
ing
remain-
the
Punjab
And
in
1878, ;f 32,616
; in
Total
safe
fusing,
con-
capital expenditure
Rajputana
was
The
somewhat
Bengal
North-
capital
was
revenue
are
;f 28,589
was
expenditure
the
provinces
the
ending
it
1877
whole
current
presented,
years
Inuring
19,047.
from
that
seem
the
;^ 12,769,800
sum
as
what
famine
of
account
on
this
Madras
the
by
pence,
shillings, and
!
"7jSi%ooo
the
for
"7SZ^7io
means
India
it would
but
Madras
lives
of
and
expenditure,
accounts
pounds,
embraced
period
expenditure
was
in
estimate,
can
To
the
"
Rs.
at
sum
1,000,000
ascertained
Say,
COTTON
;"
the
Madras
in
ARTHUR
SIR
414
that
the
"
famine
:
instead
in
THE
of
WISE
loss
probably,
have
accrued.
damaged
in
There
bund,
the
in
at
passenger
and
would
Arthur
would
"
few
of
say
have
been
enthusiasts
were
no
is
and
for
and
which
han
great
connected
that
question,
millions
ot
broader
and
people
Speech
grander
at
it
lift
could
and
over
wise
poor
from
man
evils,
its
wisdom
not
was
or
of
some
poUcy
people,
Manchester
he
December
y
But,
his
and
world
Sir
Arthur
has
long
been
therefore
this
experience
connected,
this
hundred
he
views
or
is
and
thinks
those
great
fifty
that
occasion."
"
1877.
there
Cotton
grander
that
all
we
if
fellow-officers,
two
11,
dull
and
knows
on
Well,
for
he
that
necessary
broader
country,
is
it.
which
But
great
be
service
has
He
enthusiast.
an
Indian
with
great
an
country
would
in
works
the
is
are
the
in
Government.
India
time
competitors,
the
is
Cotton
undertaken.
his
with
him,
our
man
in
has
of
unto
enthusiasm
any
siast"^
enthu-
"
country
the
Arthur
in
success
he
some
Bright,
by
Sir
But
son.
honest
surpassed
not
Sir
that
and
her
that
delivered
heed
gave
They
real
in
was
Provinces,
was
us,
of
path.
its
have
justified
in
fleet
famines.
enthusiasm
only
which
The
large
Central
three
all
keep
to
the
structed
con-
provided.
been
reminds
Bright
been
tanks
thousand
have
storsê
from
sluice,
sixty
would
and
would
broken
the
have
that,
both
to
maintained
saved
there
yet
and
millions
millions
been
canals
have
cause
gain
among
would
John
as
Now
have
steamers,
difficulties
who
tank
been
Cotton,
the
empty
level
cargo
not
415
seventy
hundred
two
would
would
have
in
of
navigation
high
of
the
been
directions,
river
all
an
many
Godavari
too,
or
Presidency;
channels
have
advantage
net
UNHEEDED
people
and
would
great
so
WISDOM
Government
to
sterling,
MAN'S
^JOHN
ARTHUR
SIR
4i6
COTTON
Appendix
IS
FAMINE
1900
THE
WHAT
COSTING
PEOPLE
AND
COUNTRY.
Let
in
famine
deep,
It
Marwar
was
evil
an
purview
as
day
for
of
Indian
revenues."
The
Britain
contentment
wipe
the
out
influence
of
with
acquaintance
is
contrary
is
It
the
comparatively
scattered
over
from
the land
This
year
small
whole
of
the
the
head.
possible, and
where
the
current
expenses
State
will
emerge
from
least
in
the
Ten
decade.
State
cent,
remain.
strain
better.
camel
will
stones,")
eat
runs
The
^'
chodio
anything
the
Marwari
but
of
sheep,
akro,
the
little
ak
proverb,
with
pledged
and
these
not
chodio
bush,
the
have
load
for
at
bullocks
five
stood
per
the
kakro," (**The
goat
the
to
The
enormous
cows,
bakri
the
sources
revenues
goats,
even
and
gathered
other
an
buffaloes,
but
buffaloes.
household.
diminished
and
chiefly
incurred
been
with
of
population
was
from
have
1,223,670;
at
camels,
Unth
saddled
Marwar.
remitted,
Maharajah's
the
ago
numbered
were
the
certainty
years
jewels
of
and
was
and
passing
is derived
borrowed
State
crisis
small
;^24o,ooo
of
was
of
the
the
with
and
debt,
money
that
to
entirely the
State
was
is
year
India,
how
sheep, goats,
great,
so
single good
revenue
revenue
debt
the
even
meet
of
land
India,
of
Government
toll upon
tician
poli-
impression
the
with
State
live stock
the
second
the
area.
a
mortality amongst
under
The
the
show
instance,
for
country,
tax, and
the
area
Indian
machine
crop-failure.
will
vented
in-
recuperative
every
an
sheets,
famine-stricken
widespread
poor
wide
by
only
to
Take,
case.
such
official,whose
marvellous
up
how
suffering.
now
balance
O'Groat's, until
famine
any
is
of
gratifying elasticityof
it needs
that
and
bring prosperity
and
*'the
the
John
to
effects
the
of
show
to
secretariat
taken
been
End
Great
''
the
are
returns
phrases:
has
cry
endeavour
some
revenue
contemplation
Rajputana
when
people,''
Land's
in
general
to
effaced
which
India
misleading
the
from
slowly
the
and
to-day,
from
limited
was
those
power
how
that
drought
from
moment
it eidsts
as
abiding,
how
awful
for
aside
turn
me
anything
camels
and
but
the
COST
goats
have
been
has
dried
wealth
exporting
terrible
too,
bullock
My
and
ramp
sowing,
As
cattle, and
far
possible
than
scale
will
to
oxen
land
thousands
of
will
will
labour
one-half
but, under
the
presses
elapse
Correspondent
sorely
before
in
the
culturable
upon
its baneful
India, Daily
be
most
area
directions
this brave
influence
Chnmicle^
yoke
lie
native
fallow
the
next
at
the
next
for
be
famine
; at
least
is eradicated.
July
2,
able
suit-
this year.
sown
in which
people
draught
conditions,
favourable
will
and
at
introduced
be
says,
plough
to
substituted
will
plough
The
the
pended
ex-
alone,
State
this
uncropped
acres
camels
might multiply indefinitelythe
grand
no
good
beneficially
be
Truly
away.
light agricultural implements
for manual
more
as
swept
this
repair
to
good.
made
be
great cattle-
import
to
material
of
fount
pastoralists in
not
much
4^7
being
of
sterling might
life " ; with
of
tens
have
distressed
been
is my
and
will
would
have
harrow,
harvest
not
havoc
instead
years,
million
FAMINE
principal
The
For
up.
relievingthe
the
bullocks,
"
decimated.
wastage.
still
1900
THE
territory, Marwar
in
and
OF
"
1900.
27
on
ration
gene-
Special
CHAPTER
Is
Famine
in
XIII
India
due
of
NINETY-FIVE
but
were
(i)
two
making
By
one
famine
drought
by
In
theory,
in
1805;
have
way,
will
much
for
the
will
by
the
way
of
is
trouble
to
burdensome,
is
to
open
of
Wellesley
what
necessary
tration
Adminis-
an
what
inquire
to
liable
is
irrigation.
needlessly
now
munity
com-
another.
the
doing
"
the
of
"
superfluity
as
than
"
expense
take
country
farther
no
to-day
of
extension
an
the
the
and
there
were:
of
parts
rest,
Wei-
that
These
deficiency
of
the
greater
which
the
got
practice,
costly,
be
safe
we
the
much
as
famines.
of
of
urged
fortunate
good
Duke
great
India,
meeting
wants
making
By
the
in
more
making
year
(2)
the
the
supply
of
of
ways
ago
serving
Insufficiency
an
Rain
years
then
lington,
to
be
can
done.
There
be
can
in
expression
such
remarks
failure,
more
midst"
As
nature
provides
fails
The
The
The
or
fact,
in
less
partial,
not
India
of
one
for
the
God
'*
the
growth
shut
has
has
"There
therefore
is
elements
three
human
the
been
famine
of
finds
which
that
prevails:
"
rain
than
that
as
famine
therefore
heavens"
fallacy
greater
no
in
our
which
food
ever
:"
sun,
day
soil
remains.
rain,
supply
by
every
the
day,
year,
withholds
never
comes
in
moisture
requisite
crops.
418
its
vivifying
sufficient
for
power.
quantity
the
necessary
to
WHERE
We
blame
God
be
clouded
the
rain
it
do
suit
We
fall
does
not
which,
should
we
of
natural
of
what
law
regular
as
know
enough
variations
in
less
the
of
elements
if
only
placed
at
service
our
to
but
shall.
sun-spots,
arising
to
how
learn
could
we
move*
we
But
is needed
of
we
of
its orbit
in
than
warmth
or
harvest,
earth
our
day
perturbations
maybe
physical
really
but
absence
or
out
interaction
Some
prevalence
temperature,
of
tides, did
ocean
out.
essence
arising
and
them),
to
when,
It is the
action
as
them
God,
fluctuations
call
we
with
exactly
not
foundation
the
certain
the
moisture
and
be
(as
as
to
be
conserve
apprehend
upon
reservoir.
and
search
to
movements
never
the
and
owing
are
the
motion
blame
should
to
fluctuations
come
These
there
teaches
with
ments
time
that
science
life-motion
built
have
With
accordance
falls
rain
the
put
we
to
imperfectly
we
the
apprehend,
all
at
in
not
should
one
sterile.
heedless
when,
present,
at
if
prove
too
are
do
we
both,
or
other
Then,
agricultural needs,
forces
the
and
419
soil, therefore
either
with
while
LffiS
the
or
connection
laws
instead,
of
sun
it is otherwise.
physical
or
in
for
when
it
the
control
cannot
FAULT
THE
out
there
is
seed
ensure
all
employ
to
and
sowing
ensure
reaping.
There
is
with
wrong
grievous
that
Heaven's
Motto
'
The
Oxford,
the
of
late
the
nurse
not
take
regard
be
quoted
the
to
an
who
is ill and
care
because
authority
in
of
of
to
in the
the
great
die, but
deal
in
detail
certain
to
works
from
the
him
criticisms,
!
them
ment
Governdoctor
anything
Colonel
or
does
with
Chesney,
was
in
which
ordinary times
teach
irrigation
article
an
Indian
on
for
M.P.
extorted
were
or
India.
irrigation
health.
own
of
officials,in
that
say
a
whatever,
opposition
is
ing
claim-
grope
Conservative
that
to
spends
his
There
who,
to
Star
Indian
authorities
ready
of him
the
sometime
of
proceeded
father
of
Order
R.E.,
nothing
light.'
the
1877, declared
Indian
He
preservation
remarked,
as
child
smallest
the
in
Review^
suffering.
very
of
those
of
content
are
distinguished
most
by the
if his
guide,^
Chesney,
like
door
world,
India.
is called
the
at
Illustrious
Colonel
undertaken
famine
lies
their
Most
of the
one
was
may
the
it which
heedless
are
Fortnightly
were
by
light
and
'
it
God's
with
matter
part of
fault, but
darkness
the
nothing
it
officially
SIR
420
Is
it, a
always
reader
India, and
To
'*
falls
food
produce
law
the
with
may,
rain
enough
COTTON
ARTHUR
and
sufficiently
to
for
the
to
ask,
wonder,
and
man
moisten
beast
for
the
"
testimony
really
that
true
soil
the
reply
of
this
to
question.
Twenty-two
years
the
Government
the
observations
and
fall,even
from
GhAts
the
(Bombay),
station.
the
Mr.
It is
the
which
in
shown
averages,
be
may
the
the
depended
fail
opposite
from
upon,
the
"
From.
1813
Bombay
1817
Calcutta
1829
Bangalore
1837
Mysore
1837
(;|^3^
Jubbulpore
1845
control
until
West
before
me
pp.
north,
half
Provinces,
the
which
the
figures
1876,
sixty
in
sufficiently long period
1, Famine
did
century
to
Report^
i88i,
of
stations
unaccountably
is concerned,
a
8-1
far
nearly
takes
Madras
case
the
save
North-
fairly representative
seven
are
India,
any
page.
Nagpore
as
terest
in-
to
following
Place.
of
sented
pre-
Records
Madras
Here
and
table
chief
actuals
the
are
fall
^Jacobabad
"
cannot
the
on
Pegu,
singularly enough,
reporter,
what
in
not
Konkan
Cutch
of the
table
there
annual
the
are,
summary
the
does
0*02
average
and
lowest
and
Blandford,
as
are
periods
highest
rain
as
in
Sind
dred
hun-
two
average^
some
Tsawia,
at
in. in
428
presidency.
by
exist,
to
The
same
Those
in.
the
on
total
The
on
throughout
low
as
to
based
at
years
which
be
quantity
251*80
that,
in
year
January.
of
scattered
proved
Reporter
statement,^
series
stations
in the
in
Burma,
ranges
in
month
prepared
over
statement
though
Upper
the
made
This
single
no
India
eighty-nine
empire.
is
of
Meteorological
the
ago,
not
had
on
Appendix
passed,
i.
to
to
"
our
the
and
The
sixty-four
which
whole
under
come
omitted.*
relation
the
years
table
far
so
in
Bombay
base
trust-
Ibid,^ p.
10.
ARTHUR
SIR
422
Bombay
:"
Sixty years
Year
in
61*70
inches.
following,
72*24
inches.
years
Bangalore
1824.
Highest,
91*49
Lowest,
43*6
inches
in
inches
in 1837.
1868.
45*66 inches.
Year
preceding,
Year
following, 52*99
inches.
:"
Thirty-nine
years
Year
Mysore
Highest,
63*99
inches
in
1867.
Lowest,
i6'oo
inches
in
1838.
preceding,
44*30
inches.
32*40
inches.
Highest,
52*80
inches
in
1852.
Lowest,
15*80
inches
in
1840.
Year
following,
:"
Thirty-nine
Nagpore
years
Year
preceding,
[no record].
Year
following,
33*10
inches.
:"
Twenty-nine
years
Year
JUBBULPORE
Highest,
65*31
inches
in
1831.
Lowest,
25*49
inches
in
1868.
57*75
inches.
preceding,
Year
Highest,
years
Year
figures.
sufHciency
everywhere
for
enough
in
the
to
in
1850.
in
1848.
35*12
44*96
inches.
following,
46*92
impossible
of
maintain
again,
might
always
of
preservation
the
this, Sir
and
certain
people
in
significance
least, clear, that,
at
and
again
the
over-rate
this,
storage,
India, there
inches.
to
make
They
asserted,
confidently
inches
preceding,
almost
It appears
77*78
inches
Lowest,
Year
these
inches.
following, 33*38
:"
Thirty-two
water
inches
1828.
:"
Forty-eight
given
33*87
in
preceding,
Year
Calcutia
inches
121*98
Highest,
Lowest,
of
COTTON
is
Arthur
Cotton
possible
almost
have
been
proportion
their
homes
enough
of
crop,
and
their
villages.
^
In
spite
40*58 inches,
**
Scarcity,
of this
no
nowhere
slight
phenomenally
famine,
being
amounting
the
to
fall
(it was
nearest), the
famine."
never
official
again
records
so
low,
say,
REGULATION
Another
feature,
by.rainfall,
which
it
fatal
the
for
be
in
usual
the
this
pertinent
'*
will
It
which
that,
if
for
necessity
perhaps,
has
is, that
fact
every
part
there
is
of
India,
never
we
say
of
never
of
the
a
rain,
which
It
drains.
gives
us
thing
for
rain,
It
do,
well
above,
analysed
in
the
as
everything
we
are
by
further,
other,
complete
tion
regula-
off
by
needed,
is
God
works.
leaves
He
of
system
of
else,
too
excess
that
cost
is
there
so
ditional
adwhen
moment,
some
WATER
the
almost
Again,
crop.
carried
The
in
or
draining
at
not,
be
if
no
will
rain
But,
time
the
of
which,
is
distributed.
required
the
repays
in
of
is
indolent
some*
to
do,
we
it"
for
be
may
is
to
first
there
rain,
some
mean
REGULATION
but,
to
us
there
abundantly
so
suffer
must
this
at
is, including
requires
is
which
and
when
The
famine*
prevent
always
we
mistakes
quantity
is
improve
that
water,
season
to
not
irrigation,'
of
tolerably
when,
would
water
is
irrigation
season
be
to
even
sible.
pos-
me
some
subject.
plenty
it
from
water
always
to
on
No
unless
at
could
other
nearly
seem
this
irrigation.
famine
is
was
ever
sun
or
crop
remark
to
prevent
some
crop
on
land
of
apparently,
"
universal
tract
frequently,
kindly
the
6bservations
writes
well,
almost
are
his
He
be
second
point
with
India,
of
part
Further,
On
That,
of
early.
too
as
was
years
came
much
sowing-time.
but
were
rain
matter
not
crops,
greater
obtained.
most
did
mentioning,
of
the
affected
as
distress
greatest
423
famine
tired
Frequently
after
came
with
never
of
that
stored
perhaps,
hand,
Arthur
rainfall
were
NEEDED
WATER
connection
years
considerable
it
in
Sir
often-times
that,
If
OF
to
what
years
show,
the
when
reference
to
actual
rainfall
famine
prevailed.
was,
figures
the
in
some
stances,
in-
COTTON
ARTHUR
SIR
424
Rainfall
in
Year.
Famine
Place.
inches.
26*62
Madras
{3372
1823-24
Bombay
Provinces
West
North-
1824-25
72-24
"
1825
3711
Madras
1833-34
Bombay
39-00
1833
India
Upper
71*39
*
1833
Madras
1854
North-
and
Provinces
West
Punjab
43*20
"
1860-61
Orissa
60*00
1865-66
North
Bengal
1865-66
/4I-64
Madras
1865-66
iSi*39
India
Northern
1868-69
Provinces
Central
1868-69
{25-49*
33-38
1868-^
{91*66
6212
Bombay
Bengal
1873-74
and
Provinces
West
North-
Bombay
Ondh
1873-74
North-
Provinces
West
and
'
50*01
1876-77
.....
Oudh
1877-78
2I-6*
Madras
663
1876-78
28-7
Mysore
1876-78
*
For
Jubbulpore,
figures
the
are
1876
only, 1877
"
"Notes
of
R.
Norman
following
and
28*80
"
the
years
of
prediction, though
Report,
suppressed
permitted
matter.'
by
Reports
in
and
without
*
1876
Provinces,
rainfall
may
printed
the
compiler
1874- 1875.
of
the
Astronomer
latest
probable
the
of
the
This
It
is
Annual
to
allowed
recorded
in
be
that
the
some
fully
since
of
my
of
Volume
regretted
Reports
a
to
remark
copies
spare
Observatory
being
year
it
expected.'
in
Report
experienced,
been
now
the
makes
following
the
renders
be
1879," W
30,
Pogson
Administration
my
1 made
duly
for
only,
In
having
excess
alterations
the
"
Jan.
Mr.
notes
1874-75,
deficiency
was
Administration
tropical
verified
suppressions
Commission,
those
"
for
corresponding
of
In
statement
years
periodicity
evident
Famine
ci.E.
of
Central
in the
given.
Government
consecutive
record.
recording station
Evidence,
serious
No
62*77 respectively.
not
Pogson,
most
Madras
Five
another
'02*
22
voice
tables.
that
ever
are
in
the
STORAGE
The
official
its
observations^
effect
the
to
were
distribution
than
of
readings
mean
stations
officials,the
of
eleven
of
"
districts, namely
877
much
very
"
in
Arcot
to
the
; in
the
equal
was
in
excess
Chingleput
Godavari
North
Cuddapah
Kurnool
Vizagapatam
rainfall
results
of
on
the
the
Madras
of
as
both
31.
five
famine
Report^
the
I
Famine
quote
of
and
from
the
control
famine,
the
1877-78,
p.
Commission
each
874."
as
40.
of
because
of
its
river
following
Report
instructive:
and
comparison
in
Meteorological
interesting
and
(1900),
and
Arcot
ending
years
rainfall, and
Blandford's
in
deficient
was
preventive
those
publications,
the
of
Administration
with
1877
present
Mr.
is
in
storage
water
tricts,
dis-
nine
other
Nellore
mean
in
and,
average,
"
Canara
from
Page
"
Ganjam
view
agree
"
65
South
1898-99*
not
42
"
Madras
rain
official
"
Trichinopoly
bearing
56
"
Salem
the
table
days.
Kistna
aggregate
and
62
on
Tinnevelly
South
In
inches
Malabar
in
other
"
Coimbatore
namely,
with
Tanjore
cases,
the
results
Madura
rainfall
tering
regis-
and
Bellary
total
the
Taking
*'
1877,47*95
revenue
for
more
revenue
1875,37*26
"
the
of
1876,27-81
"
1877
year
twenty-eight
and
1874, 47*87
"
"
remarkable
deficiency.
the
ending
,y
was
charge
were
"
some
the
the
on
hundred
two
five years
"
the
the
actual
425
Madras
rainfall
for
under
"
in
the
following
Mean
In
that
NEEDED
WATER
OF
for
"
These
Report.
it stands.
figures
Both
do
are
426
SIR
ARTHUR
Rainfall
The
records
of
sixty-eight
that
31
the
this
or
29
8
68
Total
above
years
which
the
With
once
more,
Almighty
He
tanks
have
might
does
"
distress,"
sufficiency
keep
may
period
dicate
in-
examined
"
which
and
the
rains
were
ficient
de-
fairly prosperous.
denominated
be
for
the
periods.
wrong
average,
words
lengthened
With
the
by
medium.
years.
ominous
The
''
years
Arcot
were:
in
years
shown
I have
there
average,
fell at
North
which
time
October.
to
specially
of
Details
the
below
years
is
district
years.
during
June
storage
water
for
extant
Season,
of
for
need
COTTON
and
facts
in Sir
God
not
of
send
scarcity,"
during
irrigation channels,
channels
filled, the
record
on
Arthur's
for the
"
times
many
occur
continuously
been
such
famine,"
rain, when,
this
and
North
distress,"
period.
to
storage
Arcot
district
prosperous.
official
in
oft-expressed
famines,
"
publications,
ideas
declaring they
as
matter
of
'^
blame
Why
occur
I ask
because
fact, He
does
IN
IRRIGATION
rain
send
to
itself
the
should
Why
"
the
in
all
the
against
it
store
for
enough
PUNJAB
but
needs,
our
need
of
day
of
water
we
427
"
river
manageable
any
careless
too
are
waste
"
sea
THE
APPENDIX
the
Through
IN
THE
{From
Famine
of
Special Correspondent
the
May
Guardian^**
Manchester
^^
the
DONE
HAS
IRRIGATION
WHAT
PUNJAB"
Districts
1900)
30,
Punjab.
HissAR,
"
Now
have
given
proclamation
of Akbar
fortunate,
obedient,
of
star
Muhamed
those
be
made
time
my
into
it,that
Monier
for
shortly
how
'*
of
before
greatly
All
the
canals,
irrigation,
Cauveri
India
tracts
by
the
of arid
waste
Indian
The
with
between
present
which
meet
Peninsular,
has
?
had
by
Godavari,
marvellous
the
eye
against
its distribution
Why
Madras,
the
and
water
had
Monier
of
on
record
irrigation.
grand
system
and
Kistna,
contrast
of
not
are
the
placed
the
7,
example,
should
advantages
reached
the
and
From
Nov.
warfare
Sir
in
may
of
For
"
kind*
said,
Times
Why
sea
of
conducted
God
rivers.
Timesy
the
canal
be
tanks,
the
the
*^
remarked,
stretches
.
railways."
in
struck
in
made
in
fields
more.
abundant
itself
India, and,
been
which
Great
with
the
may
defensive
water
reservoirs
waste
do
and
life
the
The
to
might
of
is blest
and
of land," he
rivers,
immense
travels
had
letter
we
storage
river
visited
he
belts
the
For
systematic
more
India
manageable
any
that
waters
ages.
K.C.I.E., in
by
irrigation.
aqueducts,
more
of
famine
for
Sultan
liberalityand
of
the
long
hopes, like
showers
other
directions
on
carry
and
drought
other
In
might
we
endure
Williams,
"
1877, said
it may
thus
that
him
the
of
son
my
the
great,
kingdom,
my
eye,
grant
the
that
ran
so
inhabitants
the
flourishing,and
and
renewed,
God
the
by
and
green
be
Sir
wishes
may
of
the
"to
of
sea
kingdom's
my
(may
wisdom
thirsty people,
ness
of
1568,
the
praised
the
Bahadur
My
in
pearl of
the
apple
Salim
greatness).
the
land,
Badshah
Shah
Government,
my
and
sea
the
of Hissar,"
[district]
darkar
the
traveller
the
the
to
as
Southern
he
things
all
water
in
which
place
that
of
comfort,
the
canal
of every
so
to
The
description,
it like the
of
pearl
banks
of his
the
Hissar, and
fields
each
I rode
this
a
on
side,
old
strange
thousand
the
all, a big company

a
wicked
desert
to
be
to
Numbers
of
six
months
its
grip
and
in
the
scarcity
famine
famine
worst
of
throughout
that, in spite of
all
life
of
been
province
hundreds
Gujerat.
all
great
waste
of
that
have
fields
their
from
range
for
work
the
to
living in famine
human
the
fodder
the
camps.
than
more
had
has
memory
large
is
of thousands,
It
becomes
and
more
on
and
while
now
more
supplies
the
ing
keepto
the
canals, the calamity
indeed,
its cattle
last year
for
Thanks
cattle.
other
of
point
and
government
secure
it is hard,
they died
and
to
just declared
has
local
fodder
the
but
the
of
comer
reached
has
plough
Chenab
look
as
the
impossible
the
to
southern
Yorkshire;
as
of
indispensable
have
this
province
efforts
put off for months,

should
in
FODDER.
Lieutenant-Governor
the
from
AND
worst
whole
India, it
in
even
supplies of
has
and
of
from
according
and
within
FOOD
as
the
that
Government
is
about
corner
OF
food
intensity
such
tanks
climax
Hissar.
on
Punjab,
numbers
absolutely deserted,
SCARCITV
The
in
sixty thousand,
digging
villages are
past
Hissar,
see
land
free
comfort,
through
to
yellow wheat,
the
desert, in which
the
of
and
are
of
of
culture.
agri-
of
squares
threshing
''place
again,
canal, and,
the
from
strip running
people
hundred
shade,
sun
after
all
of
fields
of
fervour
natural
than
the
the
women
this
But
out
elsewhere,
got
men
narrow
and
the
disappeared,
hundred
of water
thing.
evil,"is,after all, a
in
film
of
in
the
in
oriental
more
and
belt
good
extermination
the
people
standing
oxen
glistening under
is
of
groups
growing,
and
the
to
up
glistening
The
nothing
seems
trees
for
were
**
faithfully,for
of
enough
planted,
Paradise.
in
Tree
morning.
of wilderness
see
wonderful
this
bank
be
merly,''
for-
Hissar
to
blossom,
say
than
down
manner
which
of
crops
canal
to
on
wider
his work
all
is water
utterance
miles
To
things
the
along
with
there
the
the
done
have
shaded
are
through
under
went
and
and
for shade
both
must
the
of
into
converted
edict
The
deeper
sides
canal
sea
canal
evil."
this jungle,
that
thirst,be
excavated
both
"on
with
all
**
be
to
I ordain
Therefore
from
free
was
make
COTTON
is obtained
that
trees
as
made.
were
subsistence
and
as
ARTHUR
SIR
428
in
difficult
that
this great
are
dying by
Rajputana
to
see
how
and
the
SIR
430
SLOW
Of
it
well
the
that
tragedy.
except
failure
I say
they
cultivation
of
desert
in
the
the
such
is
Salim's
old
an
and
they
have
story,
sugar,
Paradise
of
given
up
huge
tracts
districts
congested
the
but
sees
in
more
who
man
desert
by
than
canal
disclose
Blue-books
progress"
have
once-cultivated
the
they
opened
the
ment
Govern-
extended
largely
doubt,
no
through
water
material
and
and
camel-ride
rice
as
success,
the
that
have
They
cultivation, relieving
to
from
''moral
made.
than
less
financial
investment
best
magnificently
so
their
hot
the
in
you
nothing
is
of
moment
the
done
foster
banks
shaded
offer
can
have
they
them
granary,
This
Sultan
of
far
TRAGEDY."
canals, whose
plains
that
the
at
crops
country
back
extend
ever
new
process.
comes
to
by
permanent
said
are
have
of
be
nothing
India
of
way
only
can
that
India
the
pleasantest refuges
THAN
LESS
constant-flowing
great and
weather,
COTTON
''NOTHING
PROGRESS
the
the
are
ARTHUR
him
to
at
home.
Take
Chenab
the
India
Government
of
effect, direct
and
have
comer
of
Punjab
less
severely
Hissar
hit
of
million
employment
as
fodder,
and
of
colony
it will
all of them
is
to
carefully
be
and
proud,
has
Cooper's
official of
situation
Hill,
the
in
face
authorised
ready
be
of
all
set
glad
to
the
famine,
of
its
supplies
out
minds
the
know
that, in
Chenab
"the
districts.
the
has
That
afford
can
of
the
of
of
families,
their
and
it
productive
new
mind
master
DELIBERATION"
this, the
about
1888,
hold
to
the
ing
open-
quantity
any
Government
proudest
still
Chenab,
the
at
men
yoimg
high
opinion
of
largely
saved
the
which
the
Punjab."
is simply
in
the
the
during
congested
the
is
or
given
of workers
so
from
Ottley,
Government,
the
Government
schemes
will
opened
"
but
Hissar,
Punjab
the
to
or
irrigate
to
"EXCESSIVE
THE
In
Colonel
home
gone
selected
has
cattle
the
save
million
of which
achievement
an
who
be
of
districts of
than
people
certainly give
quarter
to
other
desert, it has
distressed
the
the
districts
famine
Chenab
of pure
going
was
the
its
famine
half-dozen
food
the
Now
acres
to
if it
looked
by
local
the
consider
and
through,
the
the
and
pretty badly touched.

four
carried
which
scheme
big
latest
indirectûpon
rainless
up
the
canal,
but
realising the
water.
nobody
seems
after
the
of
rest
The
Then,
with
deliberation
excessive
mysterious.
GOVERNMENT.
OF
Jhelum
to
quite
the
approved
project
know
Jhelum,
canal
fully
was
when
it will
there
is
the
Sind-Sagar project
stretch
the
of
belief that
about
by
to
out
the
which
pittance
the
but
Punjab
and
establishments
bigger
the
rest, if the
instead
fiftythere
of
policy
will still be
of
plenty
India
is
work
dozen
the
for
for
And,
years
ing
engineerwith
surfeited
time
that
by
men
more
famine.
in
quate
ade-
and
large
all finished
to
year
irrigation,
course,
of
this
to
for
put
Company
devote
case
gomery
Mont-
half
made
being
hold
the
allowed
does
so
are
that
been
means,
then
schemes
supposing
staff, even
is
irresistible
; but
approved
have
annually
Government
an
for
had
mous
enor-
who
chance
might
addition
forward
Government
presents
treatment.
enthusiasts
be
may
431
another
over
some
which
Some
the
waters
are
there
if the
work.
the
there
scheme
this time
through
and
1920
2L
"
Indus
spreading
desert,
project
carry
for
REGIONS
IRRIGATED
IN
HARVESTING
canals.
NOT
To
back
come
and
here
about
in
in these
But,
experts.
and
abundance
off
110,000
in
the
harvesting
is at
I visited
for
the
Mr.
the
TANKS
use
of
are
being made,
know
the
value.
The
day's
work
within
Smith's
should
that
the
the
for
the
day.
administration
trouble
results
of
the
generation,
this
hands
of
give
would
the
region,
emigrants
to
relief
the
on
told, to
am
GROUPS
the
works
people going
is
of
famine
the
what
in
tanks
villages.
of
last
was
the
whatever
and
out,
expected
was
very
of
of
well
dug
out
these
of
people
of
well
skulking.
it is generally
Dunlop-
Major
that
was
is
who
number
which
of
storage.
being
are
large
famine
compared
water
Commissioner
principle
explanations
labour
stroke
every
more
which
complaint
leading
of
is marked
gang
understand
taken
no
that
Deputy
it is work
and
VILLAGES.
know
direction
the
of
OF
to
the
of
two
There
the
clearly
in
groups
tanks
done
of numbers
so
FOR
Humphreys,
famine,"
future
drop
is due,
is making
with
''running
The
for
possible
policy
canal
hopeful
in this famine-haunted
for
satis"au:tory,too,
least
labour
famine
least
all
at
irrigated regions.
MINOR
It
large
people
at
not
are
is necessarily in
worst,
work,
to
Punjab
one
many
of famine.
160,000
from
to
of
during times
the
at
opinions gathered
that
irrigation being
of
matters
openings
permanent
the
scheme
EXTENSIONS.
confess
I must
of
parts
extensive
any
LARGE
OF
Hissar,
to
other
district,and
the
HOPEFUL
them
the
;
repaid,
fairly with
people
he
and
foimd
that
ordinary
SIR
432
labour,
evidently
and
works
struck
me
in
the
best
which
cholera,
is
and
towns
canal
had
people
had
camp
away,
on
in
who
under
staffs
and
the
them
fresh
was
of
had
dead.
were
in
Altogether
on
for
who
the
Government
On
the
other
and
He
which
village,
and
relief
told
who
lost
his
five
is
of
two
bullocks,
twenty-nine
were
large
one,
on
and
aged
creatures
in
leaning
group
their
on
collection
side
his
from
put
there
charitable
lage
vil-
of
of
the
road
He
sons.
old
are
was
mother
which
upon
of
One
cases.
his
and
more
the
up
their
children
three
and
land,
no
usual
had
their
and
the
five
together
poor
men
palsy,
blind.
five
man
wives
He
living,
people
and
but
formed
old
were
with
shaking
old
their
ninety.
There
Mr.
Rana,
heaped
all
whole
back.
These
village,
the
applicants
an
keeping
outside
the
that
Tahvandi
by
the
of
brought
dole.
weekly
sandbank.
women
deserted
and
some
thousand
picturesquely
hovels
desert^
us
decrepitude,
were
mud
receiving
for
big
the
are
waiting
were
of
time
worst
on
indeed,
of
the
of
many
outbreak
people
the
by
their
eleven
village
the
to
me
cluster
mound
infirm,
took
in
had
bad,
the
ad-
spared
terrible
so
and
up
been
which
to
practically
all-round
moment
deported
broken
also
was
the
on
was
good
camps
away,
been
be
to
Humphreys
miles
miles
of
present
there
people
there
not
famine
and
many
and
has
the
at
The
ago,
works,
Hissar
raging
The
suppose,
however,
villages.
months
some
test,
Hissar,
sticks.
condition,
good
"
ministratioa
COTTON
tradition
the
as
sickness
no
ARTHUR
he
the
got
list
thirty-one
relief.
CHAPTER
The
Money,
"
With
the
handed
southern
of
India
in
than
good
Sir
similarly
Sir
been
value
of
"
in
dy
s.
much
of
There
"
runs
of
two
devoted
Arthur
career?
the
intangible
this
biography,
consideration
Cotton's
of
and
lustre
work
the
results
harder
are
however,
of
the
to
"
not
method
of
difficult.
read
may
indicate.
may,
this
adoption
is
he
Delta
Kistna
Delta
be
estimating
Sir
The
(after
Money
Return.
Interest
on
Capital
has
Expenditure
Lower
System
3970,98,763
2,02,11,515
System
2,35,38,320
Coleroon
94910,951
Total,
Madras
been
Rs.
System
Delta
or
unusefuUy,
....
Cauveri
who
page
reckoned).
Godavari
the
How
asked,
answer
which
if
reckoned
Cotton's
Lieutenant
Fife
257.
useful
be
vice
ser-
dency.""
Presi-
p.
India,
question
of
of
name
Bombay
be
to
school
public
1880,
in
might
it
obviously
the
and
he
the
on
of
India
g.csj.,
Both
The
works
material
more
raise,
to
Madras.
irrigation
for
done
work.
Government
To
shed
have
If
tangible
I.
(a.)
contributed
Cotton's
better
the
or
computed.
were
to
generation.
that
Arthur
certain
are
this
suggested
Indian
an
during
the
benefactors
many
have
Temple,
Sir
India
is
the
the
be
with
and
posterity,
Of
will
Cautley
who
Bengal
with
Richard
has
IT
of
associated
few
are
deeds
whose
Proby
of
Cotton.
raised,
Presidencies
the
Sir
of
name
Arthur
there
have
engineers,
in
Sir
Cotton
Cautley
hydraulic
is
Arthur
Sir
Proby
of
times,
recent
the
India
to
Work
remembrance
grateful
that
practice,
Value
Cotton's
practice
the
to
Material
Arthur
Sir
northern
down
and
Moral,
of
XIV
Direct
Administration
Rs.
Report^
488
1898-99
section,
"
9,02,59,549*
Irrigation.''
28
ARTHUR
SIR
434
COTTON
Rs.
forward
Brought
Of
remainder,
certain
but
irrigation
of
for
in
this
Did
magnificent
and
Northern
India,
he
his
estimate,
basis.
the
land,
people,
to
;"i sterling
Dalyeli,
four
is
1866,
here, but,
would
through,
399,
1874).
put
times
Madras
(p.
actuals
to
the
all
coming
for
on
under
gation
irri-
Kistna)
was
signed
dethe
works,
great
produce.
given
into
8,81,30,610
15,^
calculate
who
thus
in
ground
Cotton,
of the
thereof.
; or,
the
to
the
hands
Rs.
at
15
"Sfi7S^37A
which
of
value
money
is Rs.
strike
I cannot
that
Famines
like
should
cultivation
the
extra
Rs.
increased
this
increased
the
much
with
says
acres
in
(as
acre
to
Arthur
or
teaching
land:
per
good
him
to
partial designer
of
Sir
credited
annual
had
5,875,374
are
and
increase
the
10
Cotton
only "air
his
the People
irrigated
Rs.
have
Shall
ability,
shall
and
to
as
from
Arthur
executed,
and
originator
The
Sir
Madras.
and
may
it is
There
be
exists
give
to
appears
his
Affected^
comes
is
revenue
years.
courage,
And
lions
mil-
nothing
which
of
the
several
the
to
so
into
of
rate
his
divert
revenue
hundreds
by
India
in
the
at
for
this
Districts
authorities
as
"Â^^9954
contribution
on
of opinion
in
and
the
To
certain
and
rate,
civilian
or
forgotten
for
go
produce
in
sented
repre-
present
i$="i
all
be
ever
difference
Some
currency
it, be
The
And,
go
provided
(b.)
may
example
of
of
9,61,34,507
Rs.
easily-borne
annum,
per
and
humanity,
half
of
stream
sterling
he, v^ho
rate
engineer
Treasury
on,
5^974*75^
Government
old
Rs,
taken,
much
Indirect.
and
508,430.
9,
before
ever
going
=;f
be
may
might,
and
as
undertaken
been
the
at
it is
so
successes
Direct
earned
this
however,
have
not
(Rs. io=;f i),

at
earlier
Madras,
was
reckoned,
be
may
the
would
Total
Much
9"02i59i549
one-half
the
a
Government
fair
Board
of
much
justify
I have
been
Administrative
dry
but
Generally,
average.
for
that
estimate,
cultivation.
Revenue,
higher
desirous
the
The
it varies
rate
calculation
to
Experience
than
give estimates
Recorded
for
Hon.
gives statistics
in
so
wet
R.
for
is
A.
1856
given
below
Farmer
MONEY
Sixty
TO
Sir
Arthur
Cauveri
delta
began
to
fiair to
reckon
years
of
shows
that
of
for
the
adding
Arthur
in
Summarised,
Money
return
Money
by
return
means
of
x
tain
cer-
=;f 176,261,220
30
"
has
;f800,644
multiplied
the
Government,
interest
reckoned,
estimate
an
been
inhabitants
this
the
to
the
un-
this, thirty
only, ;"5,875,374
have
profit, as
(b.)
of
Madras
we
Such
be
not
as
has
Cotton
income
the
to
figures.
above
Sir
estimate
the
"
Godavari
the
It would
an
wholly
been
per
already
also
annum,
30
people
.
176,261,220
Total
A
add
fairer
tribute
thirty-three
forty years'
much
has
be
Godavari,
of
Sir
the
great
of
the
Paumben
Arthur's
The
2.
the
be
is
happiness
adequately
idea
of
the
force
and
other
reach
the
of
of
in
and
other
parts
heed
is any
the
and
ment
improveindirectly,
finding
past
out,
up.
Return
Country
to
People.
double
every
if it
the
There
Tanjore
Nor
reckoned
prosperity
it, even
side
in
almost
is
to
in
comfort
state
success
through
Material
which
reckoned.
Directly
accurately
incalculable
the
measure
to
India, though
been
effected
work
and
of
rest
irrigation
Channel.
AND
This
been
by giving
would
undertaken.
been
beneficent
Moral
the
canal
the
saving
it cannot
certainly
for
have
to
given
for
have
little of
would
which
returns,
have
estimate,
above
justice,
that, but
very
India
the
reckoned
been
doubt
no
the
to
would
Cotton
sterling.
in strict
might,
can
of
amount
Nothing
Arthur
cent
per
"267,040,720
of
sum
."200,280,540
Sir
to
24,019,320
the
to
435
of
greatest
completed
fifty since
returns.
such
the
was
nearly
yield large
districts
(a )
and
"
of
one
works
Cotton's
PEOPLE
AND
since
passed
have
years
GOVERNMENT
home
were
matter
No
sense.
gives
in
increasing
affected
be
the
thereby,
apprehended.
might
can
one
or
Some
obtained
if
SIR
436
to
were
one
famine
the
Utter
is
crops
relief
who
others
little
work
beyond
maintenance,
mere
Their
**
it
is
their
to
like
become
than
these
For
of
is
have
field."
Central
the
per
relief
The
Alone
the
of
to
that,
How
long,
suffer?
shall
country
thus
continue
the
land
?
part
of
voice
is
of
in
that
the
1899-
region,
Government
wilt
it
our
thou
permit
that
perish
we
and
mourn,
us
the
thus
not!
herbs
of
lieges
of
"
subjects
Englishwomen
?
again
it
hideous
case
and
receiving
succour
Is
in
one
loud
Master,
British
Cotton
and
wither
suffer.
that
the
Arthur
India
of
9.)
"
Bring
the
in
are
with
cry,
in
as
want
iv.
Sir
of
part
1896-97
inhabitants
people
amongst
Englishmen
things
the
long
Arthur
in
ravaged
How
Queen
Sir
of
Indian
to
intervals,
for
Jeremiah^
certain,
parts,
many
views
other
better
are
through
{Lam,
the
every
consequence
cent,
"
in
short
at
Provinces,
forty
In
prevailed.
recurs
with
1900,
where
impossible
possible, but,
suffering
Jeremiah^
sword
hunger
stricken
away,
the
the
With
slain
be
pine
fruits
the
this
only
withered,
is
; it
{Lam,
"
with
"
not
everything
bones
stick."
slain
are
that
they
"
of
that
They
"
Cotton
high
8.)
iv.
All
of
time
"
cleaveth
skin
those
for
As
themselves
deny
to
all, and
prohibitory,
almost
of
want
recipients
pull through
to
have
the
and
charity.
private
extremely,
and
from
or
practically
destitute
somehow
food, who
for
prices
able
are
no
or
and
multitudes,
vast
crops
affects
quite
become
Government
of
falls upon
partly-withered
which
condition
awful
the
demoralization
great,
numbers
vast
forth
set
destitution
from
loss
money
and
garner
causes.
COTTON
ARTHUR
do
the
possible,
hands
for
will
Indian
the
with
our
teachings
guidance,
permit
this
state
that
of
436
on
the
saving
that
between
the
of
cost
the
in
the
importance
of
which
must
be
may
by
two-
than
more
be
the
and
the
Upper
project, however,
; it may
in
length
at
up
of
cause
argued
His
come
recognised
the
opening
authorities
the
by
he
navigation.
for
especially
reforms
alon"
espousing
rivers, and
advantages
accepted
not
Ceylon
grain
again
was
great
commercial
Godavari,
of
carriage
he
the
on
and
Tanjore
reduced
has
Ceylon,
and
cent.
per
earnestly
navigation
was
the
in
i6o
or
Most
between
freight
thirds, saving
;f40,ooo
mainland
the
Paumben
the
on
and
transit;
cheap
"2Sfl(X)
besides
cent,
per
its
by
of
expenditure
Channel,
twenty
or
community
the
to
an
on
;fiS,ooo,
of
outlay
an
COTTON
ARTHUR
SIR
future, its
early
the
that,
hoped
works
necessary
undertaken.
STORAGE
Another
of
storage
salt
of
necessary
though
it
He
alone
In
valley
by
Sir
the
Behar
of the
Colonel
made
the
the
proved
famines,
and
of
than
native
by
without
compelled
work
most
; it
essential
irrigated
five
gated
investiin
the
on
could
from
relinquish
taken
the
estimated
and
project,
who
Company,
they
to
have
officers
raise
not
the
all
up
Governidea
by
successfully completed
service
hundred
to
which
lowest,
Government,
Canal
accordingly
was
"
gain
and
report
guarantee
difficulty in
navigation
of
found
Company
people,
India, and
and
orders
India
great
the
great
the
for
irrigation
the
"a
the
manufacture."
England
East
were
whose
Government,
be
of
"
great
it would
favourable
highly
The
they
so
executing
It
under
requisite capital
ment,
had
that
salt
prized
they
levels
is
river, originally examined
to
it
published
the
same
of
project
Sone
much
the
left
Dickens,
the
sent
Arthur
1862
having
in
of
production
that
higher
to
occupied
were
the
WATER.
especially,
which
proved
water
time
always
article
an
was
the
for
water
life,"and
obtaining.
raise
this
of
topic,
SALT
OF
and
during
one
of
fifty-fivethousand
of
the
it
the
one
hundred
any
crops
His
and
could
Orissa
to
judicious
"All
all
are
the
rivers
their
by
difference
*'
and
the
Upon
; all
and
far
of
regulation
incomparably
material
and
tropical
other
famine,
comfort
the
is
constant
misery,
it."
do
can
country
every
the
else,
all
in
case
periodical
defined
have
whole
anything
on
especially
which
countries
natural
and
of
waters
to
the
things
than
this
into
makes
most
means
the
which
more
well-being;
of the
convert
material
as
expense
same
drought
that
of
so
and
and
greater
the
almost
of
execution
require
and
unregulated
far
the
waters,
treatment.
capable
are
cause
by
than
plenty
poverty,
depends,
its
all
flood
supply
between
comment
same
if
evils
All
their
of
invariable
wealth
dreadful
works
succession
constant
wise
of
the
essentially
to
rq;ulate
to
scarcely
"
improvements,
of
fruitful
was
uncontrolled.
system
used
and
subject
otherwise
which
being neglected,
complete
be
1862
require
left
incalculable
in
439
raised.
observation
deltas
They
been
have
1862
IN
from
fifty acres,
and
visit
ORISSA
TO
VISIT
rains.
''The
of
cause
Orissa
[the
has
taken
Mahanudi
the
much
former
is
thrown
so
than
by
increased
body
the
meantime,
destroying
rivers
the
of
mischief
land
above,
of
channel
water
is
whole
the
down
to
that
is
incalculable
the
as
to
widen
of
the
in
to
stream
but,
by
a
left
and
holding
sea;
done
ing
carry-
if
of
capable
is
of
set
branch
enters
now
change,
the
of
consequence
capable
are
and
Kujooree
water
continually
head
the
in
years,
parts
change
some
upon
it, till
deepen
its lower
delta
All
when,
nature,
of
latter portion
river
off.
few
the
been
change
the
is
It
of
has
and
obvious,
heads
the
lamenting
now
are
Short
Captain
last
the
we
perfectly
in
place
within
which
is
by
out
mischief
the
famine]
clearly pointed
that
all
in
flooding
the
the
and
highly-peopled
country."
The
point
the
remedy
the
evil
country
six
where
hill
for
this
was
some
trifling
originates, viz., at
miles
above
the
Cuttack,
works
termination
by
which
at
the
of
the
SIR
440
excessive
at
evils
turning
which
by
of
the
commenced
they
into
water
the
as
could
have
can
even
now.
the
Mahanudi
experienced
now
and
once,
COTTON
ARTHUR
effect
stopped
the
Indeed,
had
small
the
of
been
already
works
already
executed.
In
the
preceding
Three
Seven
Seven
of
inundation,
years
of
moderate
practical
effect, that,
the
increase
hundred
of
another
In
''To
ought
it is
more
no
ought
be
cooked,
upon
the
inhabitants
those
who
are
will
ought
to
be
sheltering
One
all
sorts
produce
In
"
is
of
am
as
times
what
to
wrote
pressing
management
this
from
the
Sir
Stafford
upon
your
of
one
India.
him
the
**
with
it is
of
spread
Oh
I if you
and
sugar,
land
will
follows:
"
the
grow,
Northcote
attention
importance,
of
in
as
that
"
mercy."
of, what
then
in
nowl"
it does
small
time
shall
it
long
much
as
by saying,
speak
we
with
upon
people
weather
of
in
;"î,
300,000
of
just
no
let
water
that
and
economy
you
six
at
drought,
is
be
before
"
food
It
to
that
millions
two
statements
that
not
and
of
their
comparatively
certainly
the
sheltering
waters
set
rain
course,
says
whether
ought
than
three
the
be
to
acre,
purpose."
our
than
; and
of
matter
things
he
delta,
barrack
of
1864
"
to
an
or
whether
water
ryots, in discussing
works
such
us
regiments
irrigation, finished
give
in
piece
of
party
flood
floods
twenty
leg
time, he
same
question
broken
the
Rs.
for
regulated,
of
in
the
necessary
as
or
as
spent
from
province
be
to
living
treated
be
whether
question
was
hundred
two
sufficient
at
more
inspection,
cost
be
abundantly
delta
to
would
produce
this
should
works
report, written
me
the
if the
cent,
per
been
seasons.
after
conclusion,
'^
had
drought,
years
this
of
of
years
there
years
famine,
of
years
Four
His
twenty-three
the
great
as
a
but
vital
matter
one
which
which
questions
is
in
LETTER
''You
will
myself
in the
future
progress
of
depend
upon
no
is the
true
views
for
''
Last
'
land
the
of
this
with
little
**
The
'
'*
this
great
Not
or
linger
for
many
"
this
of
canals
with
case
with
portions
ficed.
sacri-
interfered
greatly
of
May,
also
was
cleared
silt, and
the
and
mud,
has
of
are
has
in
to
such
great
the
and
unproductive,
the
in
in
even
the
vast
even
Madras
worth
anything
the
Ganges
allowed
been
has
but
years,
errors
; it
operation
aston*
prosecution
returns
has
Nor
last
the
respecting
five
last
with
the
to
effective
for the
correct
refer
shown
no
Tanjore.'
during
only
been
repair.
done
an
treated
been
in
indifference
strange
I need
there
its
the
been
yielding
kept
great works
the
of
India.
dangerous,
to
state,
years.
add
fact
one
if
famine,
since
"2^0^000
year,
hundred
;f3S,ooo,ooo,
India
and
which
wanted
were
viz., that
district
show
to
anything
Godavari
between
in
; in
water
is
district,
up
; this
choked
are
has
extend
to
question,
one
obtaining
properly
navigation
been
may
the
some
in
which
and
in
on
sown
proof
works
mentioning
Canal,
Godavari,
the
thrown
been
subject
been
not
has
who
Godavari
the
was
had
only
successful
have
of
as
indifference
irrigation
the
of
of
is the
same
famine.
those
of
use.
this
ishing
of
delta
chance
canals
viceroyalties
two
the
revenue
being
not
I quote
which
which
Englishman,
sub-division
seed
irrigation
very
materially
"
navigation
their
by
many
of
no
the
The
jf30,000
saw
land
future
The
to
be
must
most
as
an
in
farming
the
in
from
to-day
follows
year,
ryots
them
must
made
being
of
matter.
respect
and
one.
yielding
as
the
441
opponents
my
one
of
every
been
as
opposed
mistake
years
writes
in
of
views
conduct
letter
many
who
India
have
''
the
that
see
NORTHCOTE
STAFFORD
diametrically
are
rejected
SIR
TO
the
the
sum
to
works
which,
were
districts,
would
be
and
added
that
to
the
in
revenue
begun,
has
been
to
the
other
if extended
thirty
irrigated
be
of
increase
of
importance
would
amount
the
difference
India
left
to
in
the
to
revenue
natural
SIR
442
of
state
ARTHUR
besides
things,
COTTON
the
loss
of
millions
of
lives
by
famine."
And
Sir
to
Felly
Lewis
(alluding
to
pamphlet
closed)
en-
"
"You
good
were
about
the
Orissa
which
upon
their
I said
offer
''
at
of
hurry
being
out
of
in
details,
and
There
**
were
four
classes
and
at
nothing,
who
aimed
at
something
in
thing right,
those
of
even
offered
in
that
engineers
in
in
in
writing
in
that
had
fifty
also
as,
examine
to
with
of
thick
India
the
it ; those
mistake,
aimed
who
mistakes
in
^those
"
effecting
itself
those
at
and
some*
it out
carrying
right and,
some
Oudh),
it, and
large
the
God's
by
should
though
projects
the
of
expense
should
the
with
its
of
time
some
to
be
state
be
"
the
to
ago
case
the
is
that
nor-General
Gover-
"20,000,000
full
determination
that
by
(not
Government
of
of
East
he
promotion,
amount
executed
the
Irrigation
India
General
true
years,
the
East
of
Governor-
loans
approved
to
the
of
importance
that
projects
going
claims
the
to
raise
of
course
more
the
was
actually given
was
to
no
in
are
something
at
the
follows
authority
in the
in
overwhelmed
succeeded
through
the
informed
am
of
that
aimed
and
as
sidered
con-
but
leisure
are
who
mischief;
failed
but
advocacy
wrote
well
succeeded."
Company,
*'
doing
who
blessing,
In
first
cannot
aimed
and
the
things
matters,
and
who
those
who
succeeded
water
having
as
these
time
those
that
even
operations,
in
have
that
only
not
experience
way
and
you
other
some
works
be
before
say
the
of
should
lay
to
I omitted.
remarks,
office, I
be
to
seems
with
now
irrigation
to
to
try
had
are
circumstances
meeting
these
successful
it
meeting,
our
the
years'
them
their
what
these
opposed
are
I, therefore,
; and
the
As
attention,
that
importance
what
who
hear
to
works.
all
fix
transit
enough
companies
had
India
examining
executed
themselves
Irrigation
that
by
pany
Com-
tract
Government
; but
LETTER
itself;
been
be
but
the
I
and
that
execution
should
millions
the
leaving
tion
queswhere
works
irrigation
great
have
instructions
barracks,
the
of
these
only eight
build
to
years
that
hear
443
before.
was
"
five
in
of
it
then
since
countermanded,
raised
GOVERNOR-GENERAL
THE
TO
years,
feel
quite
certain
that
there
is not
the
being
carried
irrigation
that
if
they
refuse
it is
certain
off
paid
works
"200fioo
or
Godavari
and
yield
hundred
the
that
districts
by
they
won't
be
done
cent
from
of
while
for
the
of
would
money
besides
ing
secur-
calamitous
its
and
We
withheld
have
that
panies,
com-
all.
at
Government,
famine
; so
completion
though
to
large
any
private
we
the
late
Government
the
done
debt,
of
passed
be
works,
per
has
by
out
required
Kistna
that
them
of
;f 300,000
all
slightest possibility
let
to
millions
many
one
from
conse-
quencea
The
the
Ganges
opportunity
for
bringing
well
canal's
favourable
subject,
**
as
We
have
in
great
as
The
returns
vexed
time
and
those
as
for
attention,
"
he
will
promise
Kistna."
trying
his
of
much
occupied
always
was
both
and
Godavari
Irrigation
Bengal,
in
they
and
whole
the
the
and
year,
most
case.
both
that
mistakes
"
seems
forward
Madras
of the
of
question
in
this
operation
Canal
particular
hope
to
reason
projects,
great
extensive
of
that
as
every
Company's
be
crisis
present
correct
to
them.
It would
called
often
"
rainy
good,
Sir
point
**
the
may
Arthur
from
where
Had
would
the
district, the
was
be
inches
there
famine
have
country,
of
fell, but
been
and
saved
all
the
there
strongly
very
; as
inches
whole
been
district
in
fall
need
no
combated
thirty
the
that, if
argued
may
suffer
thirty
"
there
monsoon
followed
be
heavy
in the
the
it
rice
was
canal
and
the
crops
too
irrigation.
on
the
utilised
ground
and
in
were
yet
drought
the
lost.
of
the
sidered
con-
This
that
land
trict,
disthat
Another
followed.
this
available,
for
the
is
Orissa
the
Famine
late.
system
disasters
for
of
then
fell, and
being
year
one,
case
what
were
water
enriching
famine
averted.
of
SIR
444
Water
an
be
must
enemy
does
and
whereas,
when
is
would
on
needed."
The
needed
not
At
there
times
of
these
it
drought
too,
year,
assertions,
burning
or
is
the
of
when
life-giving
and
come,
all
argument
ruin
friend
simplicity
no
and
becomes
one
eloquence
to
them.
prove
The
1877
year
India
has
fell
My
attention
word
and
"
attended
of
only
by
the
is
the
wealth,
acquainted
with
circulation
fever.
of
This
'combined
India's
under
great
ing
supply-
scourge
and
is
extent."
of
have
it
is
from
requirement
of
in
the
again,
not
intimately
that
enough
such
outbreaks
cause
undrained
and
where
territory
Place
dangers
of
swamp,
clothing,'
system
the
and
outlay
the
the
^fever.
continuous
free
is
suggested
food
"
water
over
not
are
the
population
and
necessarily
mistake
of
the
over
who
must
a
the
used
the
as
necessary
health
the
subject
worst
immediately
very
repaid
insufficient
wholesome
it
is
with
creates
and
also
well
to
Its
Those
water
he
every
prosperity
but
the
recorded.
comprehensive
regulation
admirably
amply
is spent.
striking
just
very
as
rainfall.
to
when
water
Government.
works
money
of
as
careful
the
answers
the
drawn
that
which
land.
bringing
to
cost
of
"
it
country,
revenue
it
storage
said,
to,
fact
three
or
normal
observations
meant
included
If," he
the
he
two
quantity
average
but
rainfall,
on
The
20.
rainfall
the
heavy
fell
specially
the
on
drainage
to
Arthur's
insisted
It
term.
total
year's
been
Sir
irrigation,
18
of
of
year
the
"
half
has
of
often
May
least
at
was
confirmation
He
in
days
of
out
Southern
suflering
examination
be
to
of
year
An
1877
inches
successive
worst
known.
shows
twenty-one
then
the
was
ever
statistics
to
it does
it
or
destruction
beneficent
side.
every
think,
distributed,
of
than
dearth
water
and
rather
appear,
influence
stored
COTTON
instrument
an
"
ARTHUR
the
of
of
that
country
drainage,
sickness
SIR
ARTHUR
yards,
which,
446
million
a
cubic
gives
year,
while
In
'*
cubic
denies
the
in
manures
the
to
practicable
other,
five
from
on
''Mr.
Rs.
an
of
an
It
is
the
passing
the
deatli,
ought
for
it for
the
India
this
the
to
at
of
cost
irrigate
to
at
At
it
district,
works
by
at
want
coast
the
from
means
the
of
the
means
completely
from
will
is
they
it
attention
the
can
the
one
the
they
transport,
and
or
communication
same
from
on
life
want,
ocean
of
bringing
water,
have
through
find
to
of
of
end
abundance
or
price
prevented
interior."
the
of
while
the
banning
are
means
in
only
stormy
countries,
miles
effectually
are
the
that
thousand
ten
of
that
so
be
they
the
on
i|.
wealth
when
costs
Government
Rs.
subject
nominal
of
transit
means;
India
they
it
impurity
or
perfect
learn
to
yet
people
turning
the
into
the
or
health,
that
of
25,
special
the
Coimbatore
costs
purity
or
and
internal
of
ocean,
to
be
to
effective
com
it
irrigated
of
insufficiency,
or
the
nations,
the
if water
as
whether
to
end
it should
that
sickness
hindrance
have
that
century,
problem
the
should
be
limit
no
in
Rs.
on
strange
Government;
between
just
could
cost
It
sufficiency
depends
great
it ; for
to
little,and
every
that
cent
per
nineteenth
solved
in
annum.
per
six
which
of
for
Nobody
allusion
write
one
it would
says
superabundance,
or
from
wells
of
what
acre
that
out
"1
scale.
average
'*
or
literally
is
Robertson
20
they
that
land
watering
are
times
large
there
millions
ten
or
ing,
drain-
effects.
slightest
much
costs
of
extent
cost,
they
moment
ing,
rais-
not.
or
As
bare
Government
other
the
report,
it
is for
embanking,
the
the
is not
whether
water,
were
all
common
this
include
costs
with
there
but
;f 100,000
or
manure.
water
yards,
this, yet
instance,
**
the
cent,
per
works
etc., besides
Godavari,
60,000
yards
irrigation
navigation,
six
at
cubic
20,000
the
COTTON
answer
only
sible
posthe
bring
storms
making
thousand
of
use
the
of
miles
CHEAP
the
and
the
that
North-
the
beyond
any
about
the
Behar
English
ideas.
half
as
millions
quarter
The
opened.
"1
IS.
with
and
lOJ.,
the
bushel,
per
this
trade
forty-fold,
Indus
the
without
traffic
India
will
Indian
the
and
ually
effect-
being
be
soon
Allahabad,
to
be
in
four
and
Kurrachee
in various
will
advertisement
the
first year,
10^.
canal, if
connected,
gives
to
of
charge
the
twenty-fold
the
see
you
It
freight
in
are
the
And
now.
before
was
completed.
Do
million
it
Ceylon
Calcutta
traffic
"
some
and
canals
canal
Panama
canal
Suez
the
that
between
what
canal
is not
and
West
Pass
Orissa
line
writes
Paumben
times
between
persuaded
am
he
Godavari
main
internal
the
although
the
447
SCHEMES.
traffic
is seventeen
; the
probably;
Indian
through
mainland
improvement
"
of
question
traffic
The
"
AND
TOPICS
NAVIGATION
On
TRANSIT
WATER
together
will
grains
be
immense"
Sir
Arthur
transit
''
the
in
few
I wish
that
it is
of
and
become
the
possibly
can
that
the
the
valley
of
halfpenny
West
single
the
but
trade
''
million
the
In
prices
the
Indus.
of
canal,
its
none
at
is
it must
first ;
the
North
India
accessibility
which
and
nothing
"s
tenth
of
wheat
make
and
the
two
carry
the
millions
other
grains
railway
difference
at
North-
would
penny,
of
allow
could
from
10s.
of
communication
^r^^^
railway
cost
England
and
difference
of
tons
in
at
a
is, it would
the
if not
advantages
If
it would
fact
these
that
of
whole
the
this, with
it
understand
to
Kurrachee,
it wants
thing
one
ton,
; while
when
gives
shillings, making
ten
a
railway
counteract
''But
up
of
; and
England,
to
of
F.
principal ports,
outlet
Asia
Messrs.
get
of the
natural
all Central
nearness
somehow
one
with
water
:"
circumstances
extraordinary
inevitably
sentences
terse
could
we
of
cheapness
compares
charge
a
year
only,
prices
at
between
on
even
all ;
such
all.
matters
we
ocean
The
must
cost
always
of
transit
keep
by
in
sea
view
must
the
quest
con-
greatly
SIR
448
fall yet, low
will
of
cost
the
increase
of
With
:
**
for
has
of
make
large
considered.
to
be
well
to
be
sixty yards
to
"The
The
for
Even
for
Arthur
for
provide
and
trade
of
cheap
dreams
of.
feet
from
acres
Indus
in
yards,
square
in
is
will
require
is
be
is
sufficient
same
of
one
for
in
not
the
profitable.
the
I think
the
main
distribution
be
must
be
be
by
works
supplied
traffic
increasing
see
over
the
be
beyond
how
to
very
thing
any-
certainly
must
without
stimulus
small.
so
must
far
We
You
tons.
than
by pumping,
is
canal
the
water
cheaper
quantity
leading
much
so
suppose.
aqueducts
points
works.
the
will
to
the
canal
This
so
might
give
the
all the
view
of
it would
banks
be
whether
me,
one
deep
of
works
purposes
million
The
good
economical
is
sixty.
or
it will
usually
transit
the
the
more
this
two
irrigation
keep
India
be
drainage
navigation
people
there
form
with
question
added
be
navigation
several
250
The
large
must
for
will
and
million
about
probably
must
we
that
now
done,
suggest
would
of
cost
irrigation is, because
no
Really
be
I think
from
not
The
rivers, because
pumping.
the
to
reduce
Sir
you
one.
feet
; and
apart
would
this
line
many
great
deep
the
supply
the
large,
is to
now
as
If twelve
regulation,
river
''
long
schemes,
half
and
broad.
make
mile
canal, but
where
before
Ferozepur
water
its breadth.
to
that
;^3,ooo
from
pressure,
If this
only
by
it would
thirty yards
whether
and
high
yards.
feet
twelve
proportion
feet
late
canals
the
the
section
3,000
them
things
of
way
all calculation."
between
100
of
been
these
that
if not
Punjab,
have
current
It
of
the
in
it must
a
thing
navigation
if it is to
; but
Sutlej
with
of
use
carriage
sea
beyond
Indus
one,
canal
navigation
Sind,
be
in the
us
correspond
communication
Sirhind.
the
right
water
no
the
one
to
probably
most
the
found
is
The
will
the
to
of
cost
carriage
trade
and
tons,
the
before
now
"
think
''
of
is
now.
inland
rârd
wrote
800
or
it is
COTTON
What
reduce
what
the
be
700
certainly
half
it is.
as
large vessels,
ARTHUR
enormously
cheap
transit
it that
nobody
Indus
and
Sutlej
FOR
WORK
would
certainly be
line
of nine
upon
the
To
for
you
change
into
your
views
hint
about
F.,
and
how
which
of
if you
the
main
less
or
irrigation
of
within
than
more
great
is
Ekrookh,
too, the
besides
will
had
work
rather
to
point
is
best
err
be
the
and
begin
of
rate
but
of
miles
by
this
moment,
acted
upon
we
indeed
making
hay
the
resuming
Of
it
course,
individual
take
always
must
of
increased.
each
speed
wide
tank, viz.,
that
get
soon
expectation.
my
on,
side
at
the
and
only ;^3,Soo,ooo
once
what
carried
on
at
all
beyond
at
will
mately
ulti-
field
first
of the
conceded
you
all
especially
and
got
And
works,
should
question
have
gained.
such
works
thousand
works,
you
been
Godavari,
great
ten
completion
has
hope
Mayo
works
be
grand
but
Lord
Orissa
The
for
with
So
Ravi,
Lower
Sone,
expenditure
minor
many
you.
point
of
acres
works.
money
year,
That
great
borrowing
this
million
as
seems
revision, involving
your
as
time, with
Upper
fifteen
of your
Sind,
Ganges,
"
millions
twenty
storage
before
enough
of
It
The
Delta,
Tanjore
reach
of fifteen
navigation,
the
and
under
navigation
and
out
Eastern
Godavari
Mahanudi,
sent
estimating
or
critical
more
the
have
year
blessing.
sketched
Ganges,
come
written
you
hand
for
I have
irrigation
in at
to
in
God's
come
Kistna, Tungabudra,
more
under
What
also
you
letter
now
to
of work
extent
Sutlej, Jumna,
Ganges,
start
"
seems
forwarded.
projects
projects coming
great
great
have
Mayo
hopeful
a,
heartily
wrote
important.
his
forget,
never
vast
heavily
letter.
Thank
be
now
couldn't
such
Lord
very
that
will, I hope, give such

will
what
hope
will
reviewing
was
him
he
India
in
astonishingly.
review
India
in
two
tell very
not
encouraging
most
of affairs
Frere,^ telling
your
only
being
miles, they would
leading irrigationofficial
449
mileage."
wonderful
me,
but
works,
heavy
hundred
"Thank
to
INDIA
ALL
care
the
while
sun
shines.
"What
*
Sir
State's
Bartle
point
it is, too,
Frere,
G.CSJ.,
then
that
you
Member
give
can
of
the
the
Sone
Secretary
Council.
29
of
such
the
line
start
the
think
undertaken
Allahabad,
at
this
these
of
that
to-day,
They
which
on
the
carried
by
carried.
than
more
certainly
could.
I would
Doab
essential
work
to
also
''
as
soon
the
boat
Camatic
to
opposite
to
grand
'*
It
ideas
water
canals,
and
Aden
at
so
an
from
one
almost
by
plete
com-
the
Godavari,
through
produce
nominal
as
wanted
to
as
Ludiana,
Nellore
bring
to
as
canal
is
What
Mahanudi,
Ganges,
Could
proceeding
irrigations, so
from
an
steamers
your
little.
various
Sone,
Ponany,
is
same
About
correspondent
impossible
the
completing
"
way
as
Ganges
Government
about
say
I
to
Sone,
possible.
the
of
it that
of
the
if
but
on,
Allahabad
at
of
same
to
That's
cost
the
point
the
object"
the
To
the
mile
once
putting
communication
Jumna,
Kistna
by
your
of
steamboat
at
see
every
navigation
what
connection
Sutlej,
the
itself
those
with
the
for
force
aqueduct
commenced
footing
can
you
the
urge
canals
consider
Pray
certainly
be
hundred
two
millions
two
undertake
put
efficient
of
would
saving
about
Ganges
the
on
be
could
quantity
only
if
;C3i250,ooo
of
the
and
year,
once
be
now
which
instead
also
the
it?
the
Ganges.
by railway,
goods
saving
press
the
even
the
of Indian
Times
of
would
;Ci,7SO,ooo paid
on
will
at
connect
on
goods,
in
for
times
of
sum
canal
would
an
be
ten
carried
The
money.
on
and
for
tons
not
would
;î,5oo,ooo
thousand
you
;f 3,500,000
valley
that
beat
I think,
the
up
see
cannot
is
alone
railway
railway
water,
There
line
place.
that
to
to
that
is established
continued
of the
length
its whole
point
be
is to
utmost
there
alone
the
get
to
utmost
your
importance,
the
to
paying,
arc
that
now
extreme
on
do
throughout
once
completion
such
works
should
above
communication
Ganges
COTTON
you
especially
I consider
is
ARTHUR
SIR
460
line
crossing
without
through
to
from
the
referring
an
he
further
the
over-estimate
Burdwan
aqueduct
to
your
across
"
importance
of
Calcutta.
rivers, I can't
branch
to
wrote
note.
the
give
would
Bhagavati
you
my
send
the
at
four
NAVIGATION
BIG
thousand
the
times
time
five
or
how
far
even
at
as
iron
canal
such
an
for
the
width.
of
be
best,
say
six
twelve
or
and
front
slow
will
"You
of
river, but
"
other
In
do
You
anicut
allowing
times
the
the
the
as
the
what
for
the
the
to
have
think
would
plates,
small
wheel
direct
by
of the
vessel
"
high velocity
Muddur
master
an
have
allow
you
it would
hundred
is several
of
with
the
in
large
stream.
magnificent
the
You
Ganges
branch
the
three
and
mate
esti-
independent
a
site.
of
cost
length,
have
the
will
millions, the
times
course,
mous
enor-
of
immense
;C45o,ooo.
be
two
of
plan
for
of
the
branch
your
difference
should,
canal
ought
dispose
to
upon
to
at
which
You
main
in
certainly
you
flood
Godavari,
irrigation.
able
me
extreme
canal
difficulty in
have
think
of labour,
cost
not
require
small
the
of
with
give
so
line
that
of
would
resistance
to
great
will
be
tell
whole
great
as
you
respects
not
have
there.
would
you
over
in
Rajmahal.
or
; it would
chain
so
experience
well
in
gabions
water
your
profile
laid
on
engine.
certainly
body
come
of
action
instance,
me
what
iron,
anicut
sent
beyond
large
very
the
be
passing
give
to
with
of
use
it could
or,
square,
as
so
steamers
screws,
little breadth
very
wheel
main
with
so
the
fall, for
the
carrying
inches
rear,
action, with
the
wheel
large
twin
by
steamers
the
much
so
thoroughly
large steamers,
all
or
save
Colgong
When
course
wheels
of
river
present
enormous
stern
level
the
for
as
had
you
the
forget
the
stone,
I wish
locks
completed,
either
in
the
them
make
''About
is
time.
And
receive
of
instead
apron
of
line
expense.
couldn't
you
short
very
of
increase
an
also, whether
an
be
three
or
consider
hastened
could
two
it would
I would
and
money,
451
hour,
an
canal;
the
in
work
the
yards
thousand
velocity
well
as
SCHEMES
same
of
to
somewhere
the
nect
con-
about
Rampur-Bauleah.
"
Have
canals,
with
Calcutta
work
seen
you
that
my
sketch
I think
could
be
that
about
memo,
of
one
to
would
be
executed
for
high
level
the
connect
about
the
the
money.
navigation
Gorai
with
valuable
most
The
Secre-
SIR
452
tary of State
COTTON
ARTHUR
said
he
forwarded
had
the
about
papers
it to
Calcutta.
I
'*
putting
am
noble
project
when
hope
the
of
them
of
in
of
them
above
been
I get
saying
but
point
And
is
another
letter
There
country.
upon
the
with
fish
in the
as
been
of
lowering
In
years
merciful
to
now
per
the
tax
more
year
So
four
hundred
than
they
are
five
that
is
happily,
give
two
the
many
instances.
for
two
and
ninety
;"^230,ooo.
The
tions
reduc-
the
did,
;C95iOOO.
than
million
one
or
acres,
and
The
acres,
population
same
thousand
once
which
these
cultivation,
nearly
was
those
are
with
hundred
less
no
TAX.
India
in
now,
of
tax
LAND
of
I will
was
land
to
last
;f 290,000.
cultivating
cent,
the
and
One
extent
reductions,
tried
finances,
this.
average
amounted
cultivated
the
the
been
There
of
getting
are
THE
people.
tax.
the
out
against salt,even
REDUCING
the
to
Council.
Mahratta
South
people
water
have
the
proof
are
acres,
extent
land
the
made
and
which
of
OF
relief
before
thousand
day
such
at
pointing
in the
of
want
great
Member
that
Fresh
Montgomery,
arrived
had
Sahibgunj
at
the
pamphlet
doubt
no
respects
by
carriage
latter, any
Arcot
South
is held
EFFECT
which
districts
some
shelved.
have
to
now.
experiments,
success
have
be
Ganges
is
transit
land
to
can
the
matter
right ground
The
the
not
which
[Sir Robert]
enclosing
BENEFICIAL
"
course
turn
scheme
large
from
heresy
of water
superiority
THE
small
this
that
as
has
may
mense
im-
an
of
though
he
the
from
has
office
man
indefinitely
was
cheap
no
to
from
letter
doubt
It
canal
which
to-day
no
India.
of
wise
referred
for
projected
"
; but
free
entirely
because
nothing,
data
letter
Calcutta,
to
be
systematically
more
worries
your
account"
to
The
is
who
man
it
offering suggestions^
may
detailed
necessary
into
go
innumerable
advantage
most
to
about
thoughts
loose
some
paper
home.
get
pressure
on
at
the
are
sixty-six
same
time
SIR
454
have
they
to, but
I have
and
gives
''
I have
talent
sole
of
kind
kind
of
to
that
and
go
and
am
glad
very
I
acres.
talents.
am
"
You
that
of
you
could
the
on
it would
be
but
be
the
best-planned
for
liberty
at
work
actually
to
navigation
take
and
which
sent
value.
it should
making
Punjab
line, another
about
On
another
I
am
out
be
what
on
connected
and
North-
proof
of D.
he
the
and
on
left
that
eight
they
have
that
the
which
full
project
from
would
about,
be
trifling
of immense
did,
Lawrence
of
that
they
miles
hundred
really
in
learned
or
pose
pro-
canals
the
all
to
Office
be
undone,
wish
Calcutta
India
what
the
completing
; it would
navigation
West,
that
from
Cawnpore.
canal
Calcutta
others
your
report
for
and
to
the
out
opportunity
to
tell him
and
project,
carry
I wrote
with
in
see
to
high-level
the
which
was
Sone
Allahabad
to
up
compared
rather
the
secure
North-East,
work
trying
are
some
is.
he
extended
agement
man-
had
he
that
Four-
; his
man
him,
to
me
of
account
showed
useful
how
good
remarkable
school
the
you
the
^*
that
report
think
immense
such
remember
hear
to
and
try
line
the
him
estimates
and
a
peculiar
give
him
I
is
again
the
plans
of
work,
very
industrial
mention
hope
Pray
him
Pray
glad
so
hear
to
thought
of his
had
charge,
require
means
the
no
to
apparatus
It
execute
and
used.
have
men
them.
apply
rare
be
to
should
he
him
requiring
etc.,
to
execution,
before
few
moment
who
man
do
confess
very
this
at
it,
probably
I must
are
works
of
and
work,
get his
apparatus
'*
of
apparatus,
essential
for
laying
and
for
acknowledgment
if I had
modes
department,
each
hearty
call
to
will
there
importance
everywhere
choosing
it, who
S., for
a
that
thought
look
of
vast
M.P.
an
document,
such
of
matter
would
of
make
get
about
one
idea
new
would
really
to
to
me
remarkable
most
me
who
advised
spoken
It is
so.
COTTON
ARTHUR
in
one
thing
some-
transit"
occasion
rejoiced
to
"
hear
canal
from
Cuttack
to
GOOD
tide
link
between
is of
If you
mention
final
planning
You
could
any
personal
send
in
The
glad
that
hands,
and
he
the
would
wrote
less
Lord
to
did
from
day
works
could
he
have
be
spared
for
same.
It
is
of
items
good
valuable.
of transit.
line
rest.
other
where
higher work,
that
he
relieved
the
from
news
gomery
Mont-
was
him
from
powers.
find
in
am
under
on
go
for
leave
on
gone
physical
letter
greatest
most
time
high
the
any
and
him,
I had
many
his
upon
about
duties.
mentioning
now
project
it without
be
had
F.
could
demands
Mayo
the
executive
that
on
pray
of your
on
the
and
greatest
hear
to
it is in
hence,
report
certainly
kind,
hope
account
an
last
pleted
com-
(Rajmahal)
your
will
the
Godavari
that
of
that
be
get
certainly greatly required
; he
hopes
of
to
Ganges
copy
the
were
months
some
glad
so
It
it will
so
months
two
world
on
am^
me
Mahanudi
again
Lower
labour.
the
traffic
"I
the
of
I wish
importance.
write
be
455
step.
the
incalculable
I shall
GODAVARI
grand
and
should
this.
work
is
Calcutta
; this
hand.
; that
is open
water
FROM
NEWS
other
the
vari
Goda-
:"
"
The
1st
bringing
''
**
The
3rd.
will
fall
Fischer
4th.
of
people
only
four
has
found
feet
per
[cubic yards]
and
hundred
the
dry
is all in
which
**
The
drawing
A
"
what
more
little
I
saw
you
would
long
of
favour
his
than
the
in
do
first barrier
at the
remarkably.
the
outlet
site
for
of
twenty
bund
at
same
London
about
This
top.
and
feet
the
than
work
complete
would
one
supply
is lower
success,
high,
pletely
com-
delta
in
known,
ever
the
in
with
thousand
one
only seventy
present
a
tank
contain
to
open,
are
water
later, to
Frere
mile,
Godavari
steamers
new
noble
Godavafi
The
season.
year
increasing
is
port
with
yards
the
keep
the
this
and
millions
four
is
Cocanada
when
be
it
of
of
coal
usable
for
arrangements
Warda
the
from
found
trade
made
have
cotton
have
They
millions
**
the
down
2nd.
What
merchants
bed.
though
still
calculated.''
correspondent
; he
his
was
great
very
"
anxious
Indus
to
project;
know
the
SIR
456
last
he
had
heard
determined
to
could
of
to
of
Of
whether
would
he
point
be
would
you
told
course,
you
The
Governor-General
the
that
was
it, and
it
support
COTTON
it.
about
me
course,
it
quash
to
written
ARTHUR
him
about
was,
its
prevent
to
all you
do
anxious
likely
had
you
certainly
was
was
being
quashed.
I
''
tanks,
that
highly pleased
am
and
they
not,
have
safety,
tried
such
awful
Poona,
reservoir
of
instead
have
"
look
not
from
for
water
'*
half
I had
have
"
F.
sites
In
that
was
asked
I didn't
tanks
to
fulfilled
field
Shef-
given
way,
would
there
that
to
If
terrible
hinder
the
bund,
there
is
accident
of
storing
places
in the
him
will
of
the
not
see
told
promise,
paper
of
the
the
that
the
of
I have
it.
be
for
stored
not
Cooper's
Duke
he
that
would
yesterday
have
Office
in
promised
him
stop
once
Chesney's
opening
I have
his
at
be
letters.
Argyll
remind
to
could
letter
my
India
the
of
to-day
of
first
two
Duke
could
of
cost
cost"
middle
from
the
that
best
water
have
for
data
the
means
your
the
I should
go.
strength,
capital
us
they
off
they
to
had
given
would
no
many
what
leave
heard
not
miles
If the
city.
buttresses.
of
by
were
As
thinks
care
strength
enormous
give
answered
written
I have
has
tanks
memo.
my
add
communication
no
taneous
instan-
an
twelve
or
fifty-two deaths,
the
great
quarter
to
place
years.
two
I had
before
to
those
; the
or
into
to
in India.
found
"
well
many
These
storing
and
in
by
and
masonry,
superabundance
of
one
done
of
that
on
more
great
would
certainly
it is ten
dam,
thousands.
spare
great
near
of
hundred
be
great
masonry
especially
hear
to
is too
been
several
don't
and
had
two
been
Pray
that
but
would
glad
much
dam,
masonry
am
has
though
expense,
mischief
breach.
from
of
score
H.'s
respecting
them
of
fairly compared,
the
on
all I hear
one
sorry
be
may
even
where
not
am
with
of
reply
his
promise.
works.
they
course
take
Chesney
seen
Hill
College,
I
have
so
me,
Godavari
as
ceived
re-
am
my
sure
memo.
but
he
WATER
answered,
of
any
*
TRAFFIC
It is true
by
sea,
in
India.
but
of
it ; but
the
reported
There
mouth
of
the
and
railway
quarter
didn't
think
rail
There
than
more
million
but
with
running
railway
above
coal
two
traffic
some
must
means
and
lay
to
for
divided
is
about
and
been
And
on
it
be
has
money
has
done
been
applied
many
of
the
to
to
lines
there
Calcutta,
now
when
bring
double
been
London
much
and
double
per
and
India, such
be
of
that
any
that
a
most
that
one
not
are
about
the
that
goods
sideration
con-
north
solely
million
tons,
treble
railway,
"
thereabouts.
be
can
railway
as
importance
to
half
in
passed
the
thought
canals
steamboat
hardly
of canal
the
part of
on
The
numerous
of rails, or
thousandth
in
the
under
locks
ways,
rail-
etc.
actually
one
line
that
doubt
the
the
numerable
in-
besides
separate
to
year
thing
so
railway
perfecting
line
to
suppose,
is
he
me,
charges,
to
three
and
told
ones,
becoming
the
first
very
six
steamers
peculiar
expended
would
at
there
the
England,
its dividends
adopted
tons
least
minutes
two
from
suppose
it has
three
the
not
are
coal,
thousand
I have
"
The
between
hundred
four
to
traffic.
goods
fifth
falls
in
canal
river
the
But
be
mously
enor-
and
coal, etc., parallel with
traffic ; and
passenger
the
regular
detour,
soon
the
by
from
canal
carrying,
year,
accidents
is that
rises
ports
the
British, I suppose
cent
per
but
losing
way
thousand
it, which
by
North
it, the
rents
long
to
sent
was
carrying
ones
canal
on
coast,
tons
less
shares
each
rent
four
east
England
are
week
manager
about
the
earn
carriage
traffic.
there
goods
are
along
running
of
railways
lines
doesn't
for
in
coal
of
this
but
not
railway
Clyde
Their
copies
quantity
sea,
and
the
company
ton
of
and
cent
per
of
steamers
Forth
the
of
some
amount
ten
are
the
price
with
contending
canals,
that
the
by
not
are
coals, and
by
"
We
certain
am
equal
an
rail and
by
steamboat
by
I
carriage
with
London
457
written.
about
is
furnished
me
been
there
question.
our
have
will
have
that
into
affect
by
that
papers
carried
he
trust
GOODS
HEAVY
FOR
that
arrangements.
from
the
locks.
everything
effective
Punjab
consider
should
state
for
ARTHUR
SIR
458
both
goods
and
than
more
Clyde
about
and
miles
or
almost
in
farthing
for
of
need
no
the
for
ratta
''
the
Club,
no
the
to
time
one
of
the
San
the
and
India."
South
Mah-
Arthur
Sir
of
storing,
of
in
system.
Cotton
navigation
send
but
other
his
bore
It would
up
by
so
that
company,
my
so
the
opinion,
my
to
entirely
the
the
him
write
might
got
wrote
prove
ap-
Irrigation
with
country
of
the
ideas
as
he
to
and
very
he
whole
if this
afford
not
paper
it contains
question,
ignorant
of
I told
he
trying
But, unfortunately,
and
the
suit
asked
explore
to
of
matter.
that
tion
naviga-
Hay,
plans.
your
mine,
upon
exactly
Andrew
and
report.
to
thinks
thought
so
irrigation,
on
suit
people, quite
taken
but
engineer
ideas
own
Mr.
part in the
much
so
an
pamphlet
might
I have
that
information
his
take
it
and
rivers, and
it.
the
proposed
has
Engineers,
me
idea,
his
preferred
be
is
account
for
those
beyond
at
business,
of
it, as
view,
transit
far
are
for
I could
Company
most
there
India
valley
soil, facilities
Mahratta
sent
man
of
that
the
watering
navigation
company
about
you
to
of
D., of the
whether
was
for
opened
Southern
Oriental
forty-nine-
extraordinary
an
in
etc.,
prospect
Major
form
and
of
traffic
sequence
con-
any
"
of
to
such
advantage
country
wrote
of
for
that
at
thoroughly
speed
sure
passenger
project
; the
good
and
written
distributing water,
Fm
could
India
in
were
I think
that
Not
course,
they
locks,
canals
the
half
up
of
are,
one
speed.
and
Joaquim
if
first-class,
laid
sure
am
hour, including
an
goods
has
California
about
at
estuary,
open
itself, because
Brereton
^'
an
weather.
high speed.
in
fiftieths
in
eighteen
to
are
the
along
sixteen
boats
do
ignorant
running
passengers
the
would
line
present
was
from
first-class
stormy
mile
I
at
though
miles
twenty
average
the
remove
steamer
and,
more,
empty
suited
in
mile,
per
to
such
; one
carriage.
water
hour, carrying
an
year
one
else
its locks
halfpenny
the
traffic
passenger
anything
prejudice
COTTON
was,
on
little
like
subject
project
the
were
instance
of
of
required
Mr.
sent
the
on
Hay
have
and
storing
For
works,
season.
One
the
mile,
miles
that
so
putting
Godavari,
the
and
on
locks
all
upon
wanted,
but
cheap
In
"
Kistna
see
to
see
could
He
**
adds
also
am
; I
Council
of
use
very
hope
looks
which
of
his
and
in
anicuts
So
etc.
dense
tion
popula-
and
nothing
port,
to
put
has
well
really
he
1876,
throwing
going
tirely
en-
gone
his
to
"
to
also
Council.
I
govern.
subordinate
up
glad
am
over
to
says
his
never
dinates."
subor-
"
glad
to
see
will
be
he
Buckingham
Governor
the
on
the
country,
written
of
he's
we
tract"
Duke
that
by
advantages.
and
capital
whole
the
the
this
the
see
to
they complain
from
hope
transit
made
delta,
wonderful
Mahratta
inches
steamers
in the
country
dry
meantime
Sholapore,
traffic
with
the
the
the
seven
be
the
In
and
of the
hundred
one
probably
upon,
the
start
Godavari,
and
that
go
Ekrookh
in
that
see
you
with
is
in
delta,
fall of
once.
communication,
another
Do
at
life into
that
is that
have
at
magnificent
work
of
system
navigation
and
states
might
to
would
a
the
are,
Kistna
and
Godavari,
to
new
that
tanks
have
they
irrigation
Kistna
kinds
the
of
"
as
Gordon
the
on
company
They
"
the
beginning
of
data
rivers
Mr.
of
steamers
digested
more
Tungabudra,
thing
seventy
that
ideas
leading
; and
supplying
lower
objects
the
Navigating
3rd.
have
of
carriage.
my
exhibition
floods
the
Controlling
partial improvements
of
most
the
for
three
the
for
water
1st
and
459
water
some
written
field
perfect
"2nd.
"
with
country
containing
letter
of
tract
GODAVARI
AT
it.
on
It is
^'
level
subject,
paper
"
BUCKINGHAM
OF
DUKE
Felly
great
is to
be
improvement
member
on
of
the
old
r/gtme.
"
Pray
of
"
to
tell
writing
I wrote
use
his
something
me
to
name,
to
him
Captain
which
and
Lord
about
asking
Warren
he
to
has
him
ask
Lytton.
let
to
him
readily
to
me
am
see
allow
consented
ing
thinkhim.
Dr.
to.
W.
He
SIR
46o
has
sent
me
but
it is for
ripe
just government
COTTON
of
striking pamphlet
most
how
showing
ARTHUR
his
restoration, and
enable
to
Palestine,
on
wanting
it to
start
nothing
a
up
young
giant"
More
"
details
letter
:"
I will
send
of
contract
miles
for
same
amount.
hour,
an
"
Canal
It
line,
think
to
been
Provinces
it
works
Eden's
to
open
and
Madras,
ready
does
be
third
the
whole
line had
been
miles
of
portant
im-
second
if the
executed,
trade
cut
is.
carriage
water
now
immense
sufficiently
what
idea
for
of
and
line
of
so
the
as
tral
Cen-
Cuddapah
to
connected
Sone
works
1
and
canal
there
being
in the
that
And
tolls
be
the
why
same
two
should
as
this
estimate
hundred
he
year
suppose
?
of
idea
then
Calcutta
towards
Madras
towards
I
wonderfully,
on
thousand
hundred
eight
; everything
will
There
from
getting
well
grand
from
twenty
are
very
Ganjam.
to
and
on
That's
fifty miles
hundred
suppose
irrigated
will
lower
the
irrigation. Why,
Eden
getting
are
promising.
very
four
The
Calcutta.
no
Bengal
hundred
three
had
in
is
there
be
miles
ten
of
work
on
the
fourteen
are
is
and
and
if the
And
the
protesting against
This
and
for
open.
The
"
is,there
river
coal
at
seven
miles
even
it be
Godavari
sepoys,
steam,
would
completed,
the
fourteen
well
traffic
cheap
was
will
nominal
cut
very
the
Madras
give
As
show
and
line
three
was
What
Commerce
of
that
on
traffic
canal.
with
long enough,
is
to
old
almost
being
what
had
barrier
Chamber
the
importance.
be
miles
ment
regi-
Bezwada,
to
way
The
followers
that
would
cost
eight
regiment
the
and
of
Cocanada
to
the
I reckon
the
the
of
passage
their
finished
on
for
the
ing
follow-
the
in
appear
on
break
be
rate
Junction
Only
only
operation
penny,
Fancy
the
Madras,
tons
full
it is in
of
account
soon
thousand
when
The
is
it will
hundred
navigation
through
There
and
now,
the
you
natives
canal
by
regarding
for the
thousand
that
I should
acres
next
only
the
year,
will
be
navigation
think
it much
and
river,
the
other
of
power
"
Mr.
In
he
the
omits
giving
England,
all
has
tribute, equal
to
quite
The
with
and
two
and
With
respect
plenty
are
taken
freely
and
one
also
but
up
of
end
the
fear
the
about
the
in
good
is
four
September,
Ganges,
for
the
ing
sketch-
"
the
made
of
tion.
investiga-
into
perfect
transit,
cheap
in existence,
now
any
hundred
the
cause
of
and
and
this
only
There
the
is
Agra
seventy-four
Canal,
to
thousand
twenty-seven
;
to
thousand
Ganges
thousand
twenty-seven
Midnapur,
respectively.
Sone,
is
land
thirteen
Ganges
said
was
The
and
and
Lower
about
hundred
Sind.
Orissa
in
deal
great
there
Canal,
Indus
the
says
acres
in the
increase
What
thousand.
one
thousand
disappointed
am
Lower
"
of
than
this, in
in
irrigation
September,
be
mind.
fiftymillions.
cost
system
Fred
want
for
his
over
year
remarks,
result
situated
Punjab.
of
he
certainly
population
to
of
Rajah
Comorin.
Cape
hundred
the
at
better
sow-
jî,5oo,ooo
to
Arthur's
to
complete
most
ports
Sir
works,
may
not
says
The
;"*120,000
Madras,"
on
paper
astonished
the
Ponany
"
he
merchants,
equal
of
England."
occupied
Presidency
with
garden,
in
;"^36o,ooo
man
London
of
India
nothing.
of
respect
west
of
year,
says
income
an
twenty-five
about
myself
am
he
in
landowners,
a
people,
Fancy
London
wealth
;"'5oo,ooo
still
writing
out
of
the
of
state
everything
wealthy
of
the
classes.
state
enormous
the
schemes
am
the
downwards,
Vizianagram
"
of
in
whatever
taxes
wealthy
the
of
incomes
Large
the
pay
account
of
all the
; of
with
to
besides
road,
difference
no
utterly ignoring
Of
word
cars,
trifle
and
property,
one
man's
account
an
Bridge
people
of
miles
made
things,
the
Hynd
COTTON
thousand
hundred
one
innumerable
in
ARTHUR
SIR
462
Agra,
thirty
thousand."
Of
the
the
author
Godavari
and
of
two
Kistna
^
See
most
interesting
deltas, Sir
ante^
pp.
technical
Arthur
301-303.
remarks
works
:~-
on
IRRIGATION
"
have
He
had
gives
Western
of
delta, vast
prosperity
will
They
alone.
expressed
their
the
at
the
astonished
am
I have
will
levied
is
being
used.
to
But
the
of
that
Mr.
you
that
F.
it
less.
was
He
begun
grand
30
eight
at
only
do
not
the
to
throw
the
rate
water
at
Government
should
country
tracts
ex-
water
with
stone
pay
Orissa
these
The
letters.
of
had
teresting.
in-
as
both
had
good
said
the
have
to
the
an
acre,
per
cent,
one
and
15, but
fields
them
scheme
the
besides
water
due
from
the
of
he
tolls,giving
ment
manage-
Calcutta.
to
What
the
to
has
rain
no
in
doubt
this
alone
at
net
order
that
more
Rs.
2^
to
the
is
if
be
return
much
Midnapur
in
not
out
it
water
will
made
made
reckon
do
irrigation
people
cost
rate
the
which
the
do.
to
Is
time.
importance.
have
canal
crop
that
being
Caird.
since
water.
get
whole
of
in
or
the
paper
paper
river
for
highest
their
Campbell's
works
about
increase
empty
to
the
Eden
Ashley
George
in
is of the
Rs.
in
Sir
Sir
things
first wrote
about
thing
out
carry
about
accounts
last
your
another
compared
the
papers
is the
with
fill them
Rs.
the
think
in
these
Wyllie's report
answered
say
ing
preced-
"
The
I
the
I have
to
under
change
copy
received
there
had
that
the
of
I will
now
878
Committee
that
is
irrigation
times
result
"I
the
works
thing
the
If
of
them.
ten
now
course,
the
that
"Fancy
already
and
matter
is, of
especially
never
one.
small
It
great
benefit
things
new
before
was
very
show
dog
the
in
acres
result, and
most
that
satisfactory.
when
of
loads
with
begin
altogether
are
think
to
interesting long letter,
most
November,
in
wrote
world.
foreigners
received
who
state
manner."
strongest
correspondent
letters, he
I
the
the
other
and
the
at
and
thousand
Brownlow
says
astonishment
traffic,in
To
"
He
of
in the
tract
hundred
three
to-day.
state
works,
any
463
me
the
in the
probably
irrigate
soon
with
of
account
improvements
surpassing
delta
that
flourishing
most
EDEN
Godavari,
of
Walch,
Mr.
ASHLEY
SIR
UNDER
of
they
than
will
be
about
seven
interest.
fiftyper
the
whole
of
direct
*'
greatly
been
should
for
[of
the
he
knows
and
be
to
the
man
by
of
An
for
from
must
be
project
Caird
letters, from
Bengal
greatly
nothing
am
is
send
Pray
likely
is
is
he
Caird.
Midhat
the
Pasha
Turkey
for
of
revenues
having
our
am
acquisition,
loan
the
of
with
of
of
anybody,
I think
wonderful
security
Caird
Strachey
appointment
to
than
associated
arrangement
Puckle
with
again.
most
respect
information.
Richard]
certainly
with
interviews
way
anything
or
place
solid
be
the
glad [R. EL]
so
him
to
letter,that
the
Syria,
complete
trol
con-
about
Arthur
in
read
He
several
He
was
leaving
interested
what
in
he
the
from
Western
Calcutta
Indian
thought
the
on
Select
her
mittee
Com-
for
the
husband's
Provinces,
Cocanada.
agriculture.
of
sula,
Penin-
the
"
extracts
North-
Punjab,
to
in
it throws
light
says:
Presidency
Madras
rivers
submitted
1878.
me
the
this
explaining
one
the
large
of
because
say,
in
never-failing
Sir
the
is to
tanks
the
quoted
Inquiry,
was
alone
there
would
agriculture
Sir
as
the
on
take
several
the
the
us
have
keeping
supplied
and
that
Palestine."
method
"Mrs.
but
and
done,
country
Commission
with
important
great
the
of
it tantamount
I consider
sickness
that
the
[General
and
Damascus,
tainly
cer-
when
canal
been
might
give
Cyprus
upon
etc.,
of trade
trade
by
has
Indian
could
we
guaranteed
what
to
connection
in
and,
home,
man
head
I look
Lytton
about
that
the
suppose
navigation
the
hear
at
Now
service] had
just
best
"
and
more
to
Calcutta
all that
then
and
Madras
was
glad
to
Lord
irrigation
to
of
done.
Frere,
the
be
an
returns.
approve
bring
will
with
navigation
it has
call
What
its dreadful
of
out
increase
astonishing
;^
question
rapidly rising
The
this.
be
At
land,
of
and
cost
on
be
return
cannot
now
is
communication
the
me
whole
There
depression.
is conclusive
the
five
and
cost,
carriage, protection
cent.
province
of
state
in
saving
the
on
will
what
But
with
acre,
all
in
cent,
per
COTTON
ARTHUR
SIR
464
He
Oudh,
He
said
irrigation works.
MAGNIFICENT
He
went
the
over
Calcutta
leave
the
best
his
in
Eden
ill health.
from
in
colleague
I have
"
the
plying
Bellary tank,
deliver, during
and
cubic
From
would
there
support
the
very
large
then
to
the
canal
divide
Eastern
carry
the
the
hills to
to
to
be
into
both
it, so
those
rivers.
with
great
four
all
with
thence
north
as
canal,
From
From
through
the
canal
to
be
it two
the
the
of
branches
Nizam's
and
by
of
from
the
Anicuts
to
short
turn
to
would
the
be
tanks
floods
yards
would
country,
on
entrance
they
would
over
branch
Carnatic
the
the
Arcot
canal
hundred
one
Kistna
its water
distributed
most
to
Pennair,
canal, by which
and
water
the
hills, and
Comorin.
the
in
the
second
level
the
to
reservoir
North
at
Cape
to
rivers
south,
make
This
deep.
Madras.
and
to
the
the
carry
the
season
tank, which
of
of
lion
mil-
level
or
yards,
dry
dead
feet
dead
for
cross
anicut
an
into
level
the
to
feeder
water
across
into
under
and
to
Nellore,
the
canal
great
cubic
discharge
thousand
one
to
sup*
thousand
clear
One
Kistna,
is the
From
Chittoor, and
level
and
end
a
for
project
anient
water
canals.
four
Tinnevelli, and
waters
carried
the
water
turn
thrown
their
one.
dead
perhaps
river
Tungabudra
left
select
to
million
on
either
carry
of
the
canal
large
very
Scott-MoncriefT.
twelve
at
be
above
of
that
Kistna
it full
would
into
into
ghauts,
would
months,
one
to
ghauts
level
five
the
it
where
Kistna,
thousand
is
has
Caird
foundation
Its
are
pulsory
com-
made
Tungabudra
three
yards, leaving
watering.
contain
to
they
member
wants
the
from
;"'34,ooo,ooo.
cost, perhaps,
to
tanks
Carnatic
port
sup-
[Sir R.] Strachey
see
sketch
rough
must
proposed
have
Mr.
He
last
he
see
amount
asked
to
go
heartily
another
and
to
irrigation,with
You
Lytton
Caird
sent
and
will
they
Bombay.
of the
he
to
was
I think
The
other
or
Lord
place
that
extended
Commission,
off the
month,
him.
Bombay.
at
of it in
business
last
Haig
proceedings.
for
Somehow
;f3. 500,000.
is taken
rates,
water
poor
bill
465
Haig.
succeeds
energetic
forward
bringing
of
this, and
for
man
with
middle
Levinge
Doomagoodien.
be
works
Sone
the
in
PROJECT
in
broad
it
connect
carry
similar
passing
30
near
SIR
466
Hyderabad
four
from
inches.
million
water
lines
of
do
think
you
both
general prosperity
the
Cottonian
who
unknown
**
for
Indian
to
always
several
fact
and
''
It
to
the
be
to
and
so
proper
^
why
so,
In
came
quantity
month
of
to
Madras,
Government
conversation
was
Kistna
and
necessary
and
with
him
had
a
last,
the
those
quality
writes:
then
to
you,
for
it is
ment
Govern-
to
be
said
realised.
the
by
is
contrary
the
accepted
in
to
the
state*
the
to
reports
India.
land.
the
is
"
reading
meant
Some
Allowing
make
land,
member
the
of
pleasure
night,
irrigatioa
anicuts.
the
and
it
bunds^
and
use
certain
on
be
it cannot
measures
proper
India, and
Godavari
by
both
officers
spoils
January
on
districts
been
which
submerging
for
but, although
is
young
required
House
for
have
have
water
and
also
there
thoroughly
must
water
when
the
be
water,
adopt
the
prevent
and
gratitude
and
large, yet
what
authorities
not
gratitude
gentleman
beneficial
at
refuse
excessive
their
God,
I
are
will
inexperienced
that
world.
understand
ryots
The
some
say
the
fact
real
of
is hard
to
that
Indian
first to
public
projects
gether
alto-
intelligent
their
them,
declare
One
they
worthy
that
ment
the
to
Ceded
cultivation.
from
both
irrigation works,
that
the
"
though
even
who
this
about
3êars
well-known
when
in
give grand
to
show
given,
thankful,
prosperity
my
come
and
works.
races.
feel
canal,
dry
received
had
India
in
resided
have
that
gratitude,
^yes,
"
project
rendered
these, herewith
appreciation,
of
of
canal
irrigation
India, expressing
irrigation
of
few
the
fall
main
would
acres
often
were
the
the
This
secure
kindnesses
personal
for
and
such
Southern
of
inhabitants
having
Hyderabad,
million
of
letters
Interesting
connect
through
twenty
some
also
Bellary.
Carnatic,
the
Kistna,
Irrigation Company's
in
acres
and
of
What
the
communication
Districts
and
would
with
tank
the
COTTON
Godavari
the
to
five
or
ARTHUR
benefit
I
was
to
and
I
Parliament
him
meet
hold
to
explained
derived
glad
to
at
some
what
from
the
find
that
"THE
he
FATHER
OF
concurred
with
THE
GODAVARI
that
me
DELTA''
works
irrigation
467
much
are
needed"
The
Godavari
Arthur
Cotton,
This
active.
They
him
send
be
The
hall
The
with
life
this
is
still
ing:"
add-
district
are
and
strong
of
feelings
and
gratiThe
prosperity.
his
get
address
His
hitherto,
views
of
them
necessarily
must
me.
Sir,
feebly,
fails
able
canals
carry
with
Godavari
water
proud
and
works
it is
of
be
by
him.
He
sows
water,
raises
and
labours
in
the
Godavari
honour,
people's grateful
people amongst
whom
water.
these
high
and
I
memory
that
one's
generation
after
many,
for
gratefully remembered
the
to
it
eats
with
the
in
jfour
GodavSLti
connection
denied
seed
water,
on
work
net-
with
corn
jôur
you
the
the
at
has
genius
and
Godavari
drinks
justly placed
rare
very
him,
the
of
looking
on
for
jôur
Godavari
whole
name
to
convey
the
of
the
in
construct
it with
water,
have
should
generation
cooks
hereby
providential
your
Hindu
"
people
your
gave
in
man
Godavari
arduous
pedestal
that
you
and
the
one
will
place
to
influential
its
follows
as
you,
not
and
jtour
water,
of
one
of
which
building,
It wishes
building,
Cotton."
remember
to
that
with
long
voice
anient
Godavari
Your
the
devise
to
j'^f^r
assure
is
decent
Arthur
Arthur,
to
there
magnificent
acres
j^2,ooo.
Sir
Sir
to
who
of
be
is
build, rather,
to
and
of
wrote
very
been
name
him
and
society, through
same
district
It will
picture
district, that
And
he
''Sir
as
Delta/'
of
Memorials.
the
;""1,500
Allow
you,
his
that
to
proposes
here.
members,
the
able
Godavari
people
long
indeed,
Association
hall
"
of
valuable
between
cost
the
his
been
not
copy
very
town
for
him
weight
great
''
remember
of
wrote
the
the
know
to
pray
has
of
and
ever
ever
Association
will
Father
pleased
tude, and
to
the
Association
immensely
Association
District
he
spent
the
best
SIR
468
of
portion
and
at
his
life,and
Committee
that, in
take
keen
for
of
spite
and
No
Irrigation/
that
the
this
of
terrible
paid
been
ryot,
river, has
still not
all, and
at
of
hundreds
Rs.
Rs.
3 to
knows
paid
The
And
answer.
the
4, and
it will
if
water,
tax
from
stop !
The
in
supply
he
the
has
And
unploughed.
without
from
Rs.
Rs.
And
5.
to, and
yet higher
any
Rs.
to
3^
heaven
has
system
it
and
thousands
Drainage
attention
thing
attention
the
echoed
to
parts
probably
perchance
rose
Rs.
in
of
irrigation.
to
Many
simply
is
acres
whole
felt
of
still lie
acres
water
now
adequate
any
of
The
very
huge
season.
question
yet
where
of
right
thousands
is this ?
why
the
would
and
awake
wide-
recurring
paid
versus
vast
being
be
canals
enough
in
not
is still
been
and
and
and
many
if one-half
had
all the
with
conscious
the
neglected,
still
you
'Railways
as
must
tude
grati-
interest
irrigation.
which
extension
Godavari
of
and
age,
great
regards
unknown,
thing
railway
to
assiduity
engineering,
on
half
want
still
be
be
which
and
Indian
note
as
famine,
irrigation
have
for
and
read, with
to
self
unused
in
recent
seems
presidency,
should
with
pleasure
retirement
has
and
worthy
lying
recent
worked
great
interest
It
one
your
are
he
with
your
lively
able
your
as
whom
learns
specially irrigation.
respect,
COTTON
self-sacrifice.
great
"The
ARTHUR
been
not
taxation
is
proposed.
Your
"
to
and
"
living
you,
favour
question.
and
which
them
has
the
part
best
employing
of
with
the
ocean.
and
dumb
opinion
your
people,
voiceless
people's friends,
the
of
advocacy
and
of
the
feel
is
if
greatly obliged
opinion
your
anxiety
of
official,view
In
will
accurately,
yet
entitles
country
England.
in
Their
are
able
Committee
The
kindly
the
in
trust
this
We
weight.
great
we
like
of
experience
to
the
put
thus
Memorials
ryot's
the
furnish
intentions,
the
on
with
an
can
you
in
fairly,
case
Government,
impartial,
non-
question."
water
Sir
on
land,
Arthur
or
in
Cotton
conquering
was
almost
it when
equally
SIR
470
suitable
for
stone
The
4.
miles
the
head
of
but
land
There
5.
of the
was
the
The
and
twenty
A
The
a.
carried
d.
The
they
after
every
have
ten
so-called
of
water,
monsoon,
been
the
swept
fold,
three-
cost
with
years,
of
loss
period.
that
during
mistakes
minor
the
at
needed."
increased
annum
per
also
were
:*-"
stopped
the
the
continued
was
large body
of
through
flowing
water
effective.
was
with
Cawnpore,
to
quently
conse-
the
into
waste
to
being
Jumna
the
and
Ganges
year
of
instead
Cawnpore,
at
where
navigation
slope
supply
most
are
four, had
Allahabad,
river
and
fifty
river
the
and
completion
of
as
up
away,
when
the
across
thrown
cent,
was
to
and
hundred
secure
swept
to
per
such
canal
on
meet,
be
number
out,
to
as
are
the
thirty
large
pointed
so
one
delayed
to
dam
*'
time
very
and
head,
the
at
three
permanent
to
mistakes,
admitted
was
conveyed
works
the
at
most
was
irrigates.
canal,
liable
are
away
it
no
temporary
which
**
declared,
the
in
procurable
was
Arthur
water
it, therefore,
to
works
hydraulic
mistake.")
whole
of
some
COTTON
(This, Sir
sub-Himalayas.
inexplicable
ARTHUR
river.
The
c.
boat
The
of the
towing
bridges,
And
many
Each
of
"
During
India
his
that
the
that
was
of
allow
the
by
in
1872,
Sir
Ganges
He
"
emphasis.
greater
a
fully-loaded
boat
raising
fiftybridges
to
one
out
of
that, this
six
essential
traffic
of
one
It
would
3elect
the
Cotton
it had
Not
one
mistakes
not,
story
of
the
trafHc
in the
thousand
up
to
it is
as
the
Committee
it ; they
to
are
construction,
tons
has
been
he
says,
at
this
under
pass
that'
and,
sprung
East
here, only
described
bridges,"
be
ing
concern-
period,
that
swered
an-
on
pressed
much
was
under
go
allow
hundred
and
before
the
to
fully discussed
assailed.
told
off
thrown
miles.
engineer
why
be
to
arches
the
character.*
was
Arthur
canal, and
profitable enterprise.
with
raised
had
three
every
similar
line
towing
at
examination
Finance
the
fully-loaded
through
carried
not
were
points
eagerly
prevent
to
as
them.
more
the
low
so
paths
so
bridge
every
were
under
passing
d.
at
bridges
in
up.
would
moment
is
only
spite
.
of
TWO
THOUSAND
YEARS
unprofitable, as
But
troversy.
raged
ences
building
details
across
be
may
the
engineers,
Sir
with
latter
impossible
under
The
Bengal
with
We
foot
be
done
is in
of
this
to
The
Solani
feet
point
So
of
beds
rivers
from
of
one
but
nothing
have
constructed
so
Therefore
years.
of
mile
falls per
with
weirs
"
built
be
rivers
having
large
across
the
in
existed
can
and
times,
thus
across
all
There
like
the
Madras
to
raised
is
as
nearly
are
possibility.
such
Tanjore
century,
of
the
be
at
river
the
; it may
Madras
built
work,
supposed,
which
thousand
two
3rears
below
lowest
be
estimate
two
or
would
weirs
and
one
three
feet
at
Your
do.
not
of
confluence
the
that
gestions
sug-
visionary.*'
Really
the
you
mile
*'
in
is
day.
your
denies
again
second
slope
per
are
have
weirs
never
declared
many
than
The
in the
is found
quarter
They
but
summarised
thirty,
there
for
experience
the
all
sand.
and
Why,
natives
Bengal
former
broad,
still unconvinced,
:
use
the
the
again.
Madras
the
which
weirs
miles
pared
com-
colleagues:
they
ten,
to
twenty,
Bengal^
by
four
tion
irriga-
Bengal
the
not
his
built
built
loose
ten,
be
It must
and
once,
may
never
to
up
unfathomable
not
scornful
disadvantage
circumstances
have
yards
one
can
it
; therefore
beds
Madras
stood
done
have
We
thousand
thing
very
ailments
sandy
from
Cotton
few
some
was
done.
colleagues,
differ*
the
sand,
Cautley
being
con"
advisability of
of
considerable
adverse
more
north.
the
had
"
at
Arthur
done
had
his
and
were
this
old
this
the
bed
471
which
to
Proby
of
possibility
he
on
Sir
given.
that
forgotten
around
is, as
river
revive
to
point,
one
fiercely, that
dam
wearisome,
as
upon
most
concerning
be
well
EXPERIENCE
OF
about
The
half
upper
of the
anient
bridges, and
on
Cauveri
the
they
are
is
raising the
others."
'^
made
'*
Was
that
the
I think
the
roads,
the
fault
of
insisting
mistake
was
on
those
low
who
made
gradients ?
in the
the
canals,
or
"
projection of the canals."
those
who
there
where
built
and
half
cut, where
mile;
per
with
stand
The
and
Well,
establish
to
years
Madras
You
what
you
since
How
were
to
argue
to
class
Cotton
One
he
was
the
were
did
we
thirtyfirst
affecting
the
idea
in
canal
that,
to
retain
of
experience,
of
"
minor
the
interest
over.
Sir
Arthur
ton's
Cot-
looked
upon
laige
in
"
he
far
So
project
without
feet
Proby
idea
Cautley
to
be
such
the
the
upon
difficulty
And
with
Arthur
Sir
from
distant
in
from
the
this,
slightest
of
having
is
quite
state,
really
a
same
or
in
order
to
ensure
there
depth
matter,
dealing
controlled
its proper
usefulness.
men,
that
hesitation
any
need
as
first-
827, therefore
controversy
Proby,
most
"Sir
of
old
passed
the
know
not
any
it."
slightest
difficulty in dealing
is
with
men
justified.
eighteen
the
Cotton
not
of
of
depth
in
of difference.
this
show
to
did
men
now
than
Sir
Suppose
for
1827
completed
been
have
showing,
be
says
without
Arthur
Ganges
in
in
reason
other
points
may
"
as
of water
thing
two
the
after
since
professional
to
tending
good
constructed
more
remark,"
no
distant
extent
same
nearly
Jumna
effort
learned
difficulty
difficulty in dealing
masses
in the
railways
all the
on
reader
general
see
been
be
importance
hesitation, and
most
criticisms,
works
many
illustration, and
more
proposes
I have
the
your
the
had
first-class
of water
Sir
the
is
canal
that, because
cannot
Report
masses
how
now
strictures
highest
the
have
has
little
had
his
"
with
there
of
abandoned
much
it
so
the
of
But
construct
And
to
head
may
did.
railways
that
another
and
ago,
river
assuredly
most
river
in
work.
year's
how
the
in
feet
lesson
to
as
would
ani-
ten
Madras
slope
three
Pallur
fall about
in
Besides,
slope.
same
the
Provinces
West
fall of
is the
stand
will
certain
years' object
Bengal
six
and
and
there
and
sand,
that
North-
the
thousand
try
work
sand
Again,
is also
bed
in the
bed
bed
certain
mile.
per
the
but
nothing
is
feet
COTTON
ARTHUR
SIR
472
of
is
no
water.
current,
if the
right
the
or
with
to
such
place
its full
particular
The
only
depth
is
FOOLISH
the
greater
slope
Godavari
Kistna
than
more
Sir
Finally,
me/'
to
after
now,
language
which
with
of
construction
anicut
I
across
thought
anicuts
what
in the
ago,
the
also
Cauveri
that
time,
will
be
of
their
with
by
the
all
'An
"
this
"
will
of
poor
be
will
years
it is called,
as
and
these
people
end
on
can
means,
an
I'
idea
of
one
hundreds
natives
Anicut
the
urged
visionary
only get
there
self-same
anicut
to
hearing
abundantly
first
"
little science
and
us,
in
troversy
con-
There
''
the
Coleroon
end
Grand
"
when
can
an
by
the
the
to
most
works,
What
If
be
done
case
done
'
and
or
In
anicut
curious
very
met
was
the
of
depth
amazement.
very
Cauveri
the
was
Cauveri,
the
built, there
that
see
at
these
of
operation
difference.
reference
scornful
successful
of
years
feet^
nine
thirty-seven feet, and
this
''something
says,
thirty
profitable
of
words
anicut"
close
must
own
he
the
over
Arthur
in his
is
feet
twenty
allow
we
with
over
passes
of about
depth
deal
473
of
depth
is all the
to
feet
If
less.
for
That
had
eighteen
have
we
be
yards
we
IGNORANT
THE
must
inches.
six
be
must
thirty feet, and

the
bed
the
thousand
three
the
''In
of
slope
of
current
the
OF
EXCLAMATIONS
of
such
exclamations.'
But, since
"
in
the
without
failure
one
heard
with
water
of
till this
waiting
of the
We
as
for
we
It
already
me
till all
Allahabad
go
such
Madras,
on
as
ceases,
the
constructing
and
to
live
of
one
it is
wait
water
and
our
useless
as
by
runs
the
off.
visionary
these
results
substantial
uncommonly
of
mastered,
by
it is to
is
cry
volume
been
that
now,
with
and
same
the
man,
etc.,
visionaries
die
pains."
It is but
entering
in
thing
to
produce
witness
our
at
to
tne
one-eighth
has
seems
of
content
which
of
constructed
foundations,
precisely
non-professional
sort
Ganges
be
must
works,
by
not
which
been
accidents),
many
now
river
those
engineers.
greatest
side
of
one
that
and
to
respect
and
have
respects
as
without
(not
profits ;
unprecedented
works
situations,
worst
very
such
then, eight
fair
into
to
Sir
Arthur's
controversy
on
memory
the
Ganges
to
say
that, before
canal,
he
put
on
record
report
a
the
on
India
and
the
On
not
Another,
through
has
to
Arthur
Cotton,
main
stead
canal
of
stitution
for,
Deakin,
"
be
less
be
his
Proby
much
lower
the
great
Bengal
latter's
Sir
the
than
state
that
"
the
with
design.
to
the
feels
foregoing
my
to
father
commendation
to
it
of
his
of
able
Mr.
proved
soundness
be
sub-
river
great
new
first
the
was
1863-64,"
between
controversy
engineer
general
glad
am
in
time,
have
wisdom
the
this
not
same
of
general
and
judgment
the
construction
the
for
but
to,
in
in
recommended
Cautley
supposed
was
plan
Ultimately
execution
in
errors
"Sir
original
river.
Proby
and
Re-
headwork
At
Aus-
says:
and
addition
plan."
that
conceded."
to
in
design
''
to
the
down
Hon.
Victoria,
the
new
know
controversy.
wholly,
of
existing
that
duty
almost
I
the
Deakin
Mr.
criticise
to
adopted
was
the
references
the
construction
serious
be
in
the
fer
pre-
should.
whom
for
on
I
I
India,
Lands
opinion
the
Cautley's
must
of
it
considering
and
irrigated
canal,
called
that
need
no
cisms
criti-
enterprise,
witness,
on
Ganges
his
is
independent
his
to
Cotton's
the
to
there
ex-Minister
undertake
canal,"
condemned
proposal
to
speak
not
importance
Arthur
Sir
service
writings
the
h^cl
its
of
expressed
ferring
1863,
'
his
Deakin,
tralia,
and
vital
is
Empire.''
whether
to
absolutely
an
Alfred
to
of
one
with
dealt
matter
but
British
as
relevant,
myself
only
whole
question
were
the
question,
the
to
that
**
defended
only
and
contention,
ground
personal
mere
in
for
dislike
his
COTTON
ARTHUR
SIR
474
to
Sir
project
close
and
my
the
of
XVI
CHAPTER
Work
the
of
Majesty's
letter
Sir
late
THE
The
from
a
insert
least
to
facts
and
As
the
two
men
events,
and
the
The
the
following
the
exposes
''
He
not
India
that
heard
of
are
difference
the
to
use
have
his
on
narrative,
be
which
of
water,
total
saved
where
want
470
sufficiently
used
never
of
acres
no
penny
they
rain.
were
moisture.
did
in
has
He
ignorant
and
to
criticise.
millions
or
all
failed
he
water,
of
in
"
were
ryots,
is
India
that
rain
river
of
march
possible
ten
the
and
excepting
it from
year,
where
penny
It is
some
are
every
rain
irrigation
rain.
there
case
if
the
which
to
to
reply
reply
that
so
judge
attack
critic's
as
no
watered
that
his
the
Arthur's
the
as
undertook
he
Sir
of
that
that
during
biographer
The
right
was
deduced
print
not
judgment
own
proved
of
was
between
principle
refused
to
speaks
single
likely
portion
there
know
even
his
weakness
when
did
Titnes
form
India,
gained
experience
part in this
question
(Sir James)
except
from
long
viewa
statements
controvert
reputation,
in
rapidly increasing prosperity
irrigated districts,
apprehend
office
it is incumbent
can
was
of
Her
wrote
forensic
great
of
Cotton's
Arthur
tenure
The
main
reader
the
the
him
by Sir Arthur,
at
his
years'
enable
independent
the
five
labours.
it
to
that
one
London)
criticising Sir
Member
Law
afterwards
and
Court,
High
India
for
(sometime
Council,
the
accomplished
sent
of
of
his
to
lifetime's
to
Stephen
considered
with
sufficient
James
Times,
He*probably
coupled
England
Viceroy's
Judges
to
in
of
the
acting
upon
gained,
have
actually
pelled
com-
But
what
SIR
476
has
this
do
to
tanks
in
seven
hundred
with
Madras,
under
the
every
year,
thousand
there
and
would
of
not
the
He
"
for
speaks
it
will
for
on
rich
rain
entirely
of
and
river
whereas
land,
whole
grain
crops
water
on
bearing
at
rupee,
river
that
it, so
in
bullocks
for
yards
if it
as
either
by
water
hundred
years
water,
difference
no
well
renews
that
and
also.
were
the
moisten
period
some
abundant,
water
three
at
that
India
in
acre
water
most
raises
ryot
of about
hundreds
is
if there
only
river
dry grain
or
âs
"
it also,
manures
go
same,
cost
average
and
of well
single
rain
for
but
quantity.
or
an
when
rice
not
for
better
even
all the
were
cost
the
crop,
only
not
be
is
in the
acres
more
irrigated
are
acres,
acres
falls.
rain
there
million
million
many
whatever
further,
"But,
million
Grodavari,
the
Tanjore
; in
near
are
; under
acres
acres
Canal,
condition,
same
million
old
the
Under
general
in
irrigation
four
Ganges
COTTON
ARTHUR
water
districts
without
manure.
The
"
Government
Rs.
at
for
hundred
wheat
yards
well
or
hundred
it
cubic
So
knew
been
in, though
irrigated
delta
'*
an
tracts
The
to
what
be
in
I would
it
in
say,
in
fever, the
it
and
for
six
or
acre,
fever
the
fever
life in
the
from
it, nor
districts
I have
number
in
while
district,
moment
un-
the
the
into
go
you
of
what
what
who
and
entirely
men,
thoroughly
men
have
proved
law,
selves
them-
them.
question
know
all my
without
is not
think
men,
me
of
any
of
instances
day's
think, but
matters,
but
an
of
cost
continually.
cases
knowing,
asked
2^
are
Godavari
these
such
value
lived
fevers
the
In
practical
anybody
had
encounter
of
means
experienced
If
had
question
without
"
I have
you
the
its
Rs.
I have
never
of
little
half
fifteen
of
rate
quarter
there
believe
instance
very
or
about
at
the
at
land
the
to
rupee.
districts.
has
upper
per
irrigation, and
ever
is
not
irrigation, but
accompanying
of
is
supplies
fever.
river
rupee,
which
yards
about
midst
per
water,
ragi,
the
rice, which
of
acre
cubic
filtered
"
an
deliver
what
of
ought
don't
to
know
'
say.
'*
million
single
the
in
famine
of
twenty
millions
famine
for
when
it occurred
wise
enough
way
of
the
hundreds
of
swarming
with
created
secured
from
the
the
in
Government
highly,
returns
great
only
points
land
by
grossest
for
two
they
ten
their
the
had
whole
to
were
the
was
time, that
system
of
one
ought
some
to
be
given
are
that
to
est
greatin
the
on
the
India
or
two
or
is
to
are
one
trains
on
of
injured
two
water
caught
up.
or
the
which, through
the
of the
given
the
patch
patch
of
foreigners
works
be
thorough
occasionally
of
judgment
for
imports
of
inquiry
facts
the
killed, that
and
of
sea
ised
mineral-
or
Treasury,
which
things
that, after
from
concluded
of
produce
raw
and
in
use
commission
report
of thousands
the
are
Suppose
millions
due
noticing
worth
out
cases
; these
time
England
to
want
character
forming
is
water
mismanagement,
question.
in
people
actual
engineering
yet effectively drained,
not
reh,'
from
nothing
were
of
the
into
cost,
of
filthy
natives
the
poured
whether
the
of
eyes
from
tripled,
living in
the
other
no
traffic almost
ten-fold,
twenty-fold,
question
; the
increased
obtained
ever
from
exports
be
and
nominal
and
drinking
;
We
secured
millions
poverty
from
late
famine
and
at
of
delivered
season
millions
all these
not
from
and
the
the
by irrigation.
secured
tens
some
used.
and
carrying
canals,
raised
increased
goods
"
the
dry
of
assuredly
but
of
of
tract
been
boats, conveying
manufactories
England's
world
canals
monsoon,
in
water
Most
more
step further
them
in
comfort,
and
go
discovered
innumerable
abundance
had
might
we
crops
famine,
much
a
and
six
area
irrigated, drained,
by
and
as
whole
famines.
steamboat
wholly
from
secured
means
been
acres
permanently
effectually counteracting
prevent
has
two
perhaps
the
or
same
surely
this
floods,
raised
the
in
of
Millions
her
if
to
doing
in
people,
secured
Kistna,
permanently
wisdom
shown
mud
of
ever,
have
to
thus
and
and
expenditure,
has
country
Godavari
of
have
losses, would
river
surrounding
case
millions
half
COTTON
[of expenditure]
all the
and
districts
*^
ARTHUR
SIR
478
the
delayed
settle
the
railways
in
investigation,
passenger
arrived
in
after
fire,etc, that
ONE
One
''
of
RESERVOIR"
the
reports, when
Government
but
money,
the
have
to
give
works.
We
have
result
general
this
is
from
and
increase
average
"1
been
los,
land
the
works
which
reference
if it
magnificent
Presidency.
'^
supplied
that
the
is, that
the
and
another
rocky,
these
works
But
and
that
in
respects
**
what
With
respect
is the
of
with
quantity
the
to
the
cent
all
storing
stored
to
of
the
other
have
we
even
ment,
Governall
and
that
experience
our
works
must
be
ones."
water,
when
siderably
con-
Yet
expect
vast
old
the
and
the
on
mistakes
our
will
has
money
that
per
could
reasons.
apprenticeship.
half
vast
works
for two
of
Madras
tanks
something
all this
than
be
of
certainly
may
cheaper
to
to
undulating
remember
all
we
future
is
our
and
includes
executed
some
result
seven
Therefore,
in
must
"
failures.
the
there
You
of
this,
lines
water
Such
more
value
the
from
four
or
the
this
at
reservoir,
thousand
is
price,
cent"
that
three
local
normal
per
alone.
country
securing
average,
added
ten
the
heavy
already executed,
is that
is the
return
least
and
Tungabudra
reservoir
one
at
large portion
very
tion
naviga-
besides
off the
convey
the
irrigation, has
hundred
laid
to
at
upper
is this
accomplished
works
altered.
side, which
to
Probably
than
more
One
and
from
be
we
irrigation,
acre,
an
; he
canals
irrigating
on
the
to
might
with
cent,
one
refused
land
to
carriage
country
there
of country
with
made
of
due
per
certainly,
was
made,
were
tracts
them
Government
the
alone,
and
And
cost
an
floods, carrying
the
to
"2
been
sixty-six
"
are
yielding
Special
has
river
the
the
moment
cost
acre
the
men.
states-
irrigation
now.
average
the
upon
for
them,
upon
them
supplying
produce
supplying
that
be
of
per
from
rains, and
so
rivers
great
the
that
of
have
these
the
finance
for
they
of
upon
of
only
question
results
Indian
interest
effect
the
is
more
"
draining, embanking,
the
pay
;"'20,ooo,ooo
spent
these
in
necessary
is what
That
;f 10,000,000
spending
are
very
general
the
you
of
479
they speak
will
question
altogether.
country
I
be
which
great
TANKS
complain
is that
It may
works
the
given,
are
profit
purposes
that
things
they
10,000
you
may
I tell you
imagine
that
from
alone
Godavari
the
flow
into
the
sea
is
lack
of
there
brains,
been
have
is
It
the
in
millions
of
day
but
With
respect
to
all my
life to
get
since
just fifty years
the
the
construction
of
the
speeches
of
cubic
Many
there
pressed
for
of
full river.
India,
in
water
fighting
necessity
thousand
five
water.
not
COTTON
ARTHUR
SIR
48o
is
yards
suppose
only
of
storage
lack
such
works
upon
the
large
reservoirs
of
I
water,
executed.
Government
the
on
Neilgherries.
''In
some
revenue
remark
that
on
''My
for
"There
in
the
of
impoverishment
still
wealth
of
irrigated
rate
water
at
this
alone
of
proceeds
the
one
one-
of
would
most
Which
most
people
of
wise
sixty
opium
promote
strengthen
?
Which
rapid
yet
300,000
will
be
and
a
a
districts
of
if all
these
be
two
credit
our
hold
our
most
of
the
to
be
acres
of
total
increase
of
year.
Now
the
the
who
modes
of
before
as
the
upon
to
the
to
of
extent
and
it would
estimate
can
balancing
?
other
our
Which
nations?
affections
promote
be
districts
Godavari,
God
for
would
other
in
before
tend
increase
an
increase
Now,
safest,
year,
completed,
are
revenue.
an
only
works
the
works,
new
India,
increase
present
portion
pro-
;f6,000,000, which,
management
would
Which
the
positive
considerable
and
that
so
with
;"'5
70,000
about
are
of
;"'220,ooo
and
is
year,
and
district
was
all, ;"'5oo,ooo
in
when
between
India
means
the
With
there
a
district,
that
the
difference
finances
or
is,
are
done
is
actual
the
of
fully replace
the
by
improved
twelfth
There
and
per
that
great
opium
hundred
one-ninth
slightest
honestly
made
state,
revenue
;C 120,000
from
;"'40,ooo
were
add
to
the
not
of
capital.
with
when
net
about
the
jfi 50,000,
least
of
people.
the
opium
abominable
difficulty
people,
out
;"'350,000,
of
increase
revenue
greatest
completed,
not
The
neglected
the
paid
was
is
be
to
former
with
paid
year,
wished
such
to
money
India.
its
in
there
recourse
of
plenty
honourably
have
the
finances.
our
is
Godavari,
this, that
is
having
our
balancing
should
of
subject
point.
position
excuse
of
mentioned.
was
the
peace
of
the
with
MANCHESTER'S
China,
be
in accordance
most
of these
while
let
us
of
India
for
not
is that
Empire
is
and
of tons
purchasers
of
supply
the
hundred
If
purchasers.
of wheat
of
they
thousands
both
(for
sible
that
It
him
that
enquiry
was
Indian
They
there
no
Lord
The
Can
into
had
on
had
that
the
enquiry,
one
have
It is
an
impos**
which
more
men
who
heard
satisfactorily
had
not," asked
of
state
either
the
should
occasion
startled
however,
"
connected
Manchester
of greater
matter
capital
unemployed
of both.
for
willing
field),they
be
the
exact
that
and
of
tens
wants."
we
the
question
Salisbury
statements
could
Association
enquiry.
was
''
of
employment
by
two
being
have
we
anything
require
Cotton
desirable
very
the
or
felt
Arthur
Salisbury.
an
It
Sir
also, while
millions
the
of
without
sellers
limited
un-
implies
one
population
some
of
other's
each
evidently
was
Lord
for
an
worth
so,
only
and
the
other
the
"20fiCOfXX}
in return
countries
meet
for
limited
un-
worth
fit for
we
with
instance, ;C20,ooo,ooo
fellows
hundreds
two
for
labourers
and
produce,
be
cannot
of
to
other
the
materials,
goods,
British
impossible
what
her
for
; and
goods
field
exactly
manufactures
her
view,
fundamental
it is
rough
"
general well-being
millions
of
in
mainly
exactly
and
have
which
unbounded
that
of
would
parts of the
two
is
481
conscience
main
my
the
one
sell us,
they
of
and
the
orderly, industrious,
of young
anything
of
of
market
must
kind
some
of
hundreds
fifty millions
and
famine
manufactured
An
other.
the
of food
unlimited
an
which
one
The
wants
one
millions
And,
money
t"êther
up
interests.
The
wants
for
;
bound
so
HELP
national
sight
well-being
the
their
wants.
lose
own
keeping
are
England
points
her
our
making
moment
and
separate
of
we
with
with
modes
two
But
''
legitimate trade
and
TO
EAGERNESS
things
out
ought
with
not
be
his
take
under-
of Commerce
an
than
such
an
agent,
and
irrigation.
extraordinary
enquired
appear
''
for themselves?
undertake
importance
to
Leese,
Chamber
sent
them
does
Mr.
answered
to
into."
have
made.
31
been
SIR
482
In
at
of
meeting
later,
days
two
recently
similar
the
secure
the
prosperity
of
follows:
''I
million
must
of
hour,
an
be
possibly
constructed.
canals, each
main
canal
is
allowed
in
the
and
With
of
of
they
that
speed
form
will
and
may
they
be
required
Sir
Arthur
is
than
one
locks,
be
can
The
navigation.
fifty feet by
in
emptied
small
one
or
obstructions.
admit
may,
has
but
and
and
could
canal
greater
very
they
water
fifty tons,
and
filled
being
this
on
Tungabudra
is wanted
hundred
one
half
district
Sirhind
the
yards
that
Godavari
make
to
irrigate
and
one
; the
as
necessary
To
highways
is
country
larly
particu-
irrigate
to
nothing
the
hundred
of
broad
needful
the
two
the
that
are
that
so
feet
hundred
any
the
capable
six
broad
canal, in order
minutes,
two
the
tion
prosecu-
carriage,
water
come
Thus
so
of
we
sixty yards
constructed
now
twenty,
at
slope
the
locks
broad
current
finest
sixty yards
yards
for
most
on
canal
those
promote
irrigation.
the
make
main
where
with
to
cheap
of
the
he
words
requires
need
were
which
with
of
ing
exemplify-
as
and
on
of
when
here
to
convinced
few
deep,
three
hundred
famine
canals
that
so
actually
we
of
rice
feet
three
was
point
say
of
shape
East
results
uiênt
the
and,
the
the
emphasized
he
advantage
the
acres
by
scale,
The
of steamboat
connection
miles
prevention
is
he
which
which
India.
insists
broad
with
works,
such
in
referred
only
are
the
and
works, especially
before
describes
again
schemes
earnestness
of
it he
In
Association,
read
was
address
an
gave
Indian
him
by
paper
These
navigation.
Cotton
Manchester
constructed
further
to
the
Association.
India
Arthur
1877, Sir
December,
COTTON
ARTHUR
of
boats
of
course,
be
for
the
traffic
two
worked
be
to
carried."
On
several
Association
of
expression
with
which,
these
writes
here.
occasions
pages
*'
We
convenient
his
much
are
regret,
concerned.
There
had
views.
are
an
and
there
must
Of
be
one
of
of
indications
discussion
at
discussion
so
over
these
the
the
for
was
passed
India
East
the
medium
useful
Always
certainly
adjourned
found
far
meetings
some
East
as
he
change
India
EAST
THE
Association
good
; one
felt
have
and
much
so
but
wit
that
three
new
feature.
Naoroji,
enough
four
or
in
should
Indian
written
to
additional
hundred
three
besides
for
twice
me
he
his
in
was
quite
(Dadabhai
that
hands
of
copies
had
also
curious
; how
affair
whole
the
if I had
other
Association
the
out
come
The
side,
my
Association
fact, the
have
on
of
secretary
and
of it
advantage
openly
spoke
The
now,
take
to
they
opportunity,
grand
man,
it necessary
they thought
silence
for
Office
present
were
dignified
me
gave
indications
India
man,
that
of
part
This
me.
had
old
another
Railway
483
two
were
and
vers
pressure
their
meet
Dan
Sind
the
abandon
to
that
was
Andrews,
and
There
railways.
on
ASSOCIATION
INDIA
an
I ) has
my
paper^
distributed.
I
...
showed
M.
one
times.
He
is
the
made
But
this
honestly
stood
up
know
exactly
believe
I sent
of
into
one
was
nine
upon
this
stress
great
find
the
shall
have
traffic
of
the
you.
by
the
half
mistake
not,
to
has
though
cost
they give
of
under
the
five
It
still
rivers, but
arisen
and
it several
working
the
three-eighths
is
I read
times.
I have
Brahmaputra
of
penny
send,
not
I
I
made
part of the
difference
think
letter
the
ton
how
wrongly
accounts
steamers
per
laid
tons.
I can't
your
river
now
great
think,
and
greater
millions.
; whether
got
I have
the
there
two
I have
thousand
course
shows
find
Nuddea
you
papers
Of
this.
kindly
I cannot
tons,
hundred
though
can't
in the
thousand
but, by
one
I don't
which
missing
traffic
the
hundred
only
million
I read
be
the
obnoxious.
say
letters
your
can
that
acknowledge
to
going
between
or
is
average
allusion
it
say
million
of
side.
can
to
sorry
his
if
respect,
if you
am
though
frantic
himself
paper,
I
one
how
to
you
my
them.
this
make
to
of
In
scrape.
understood
the
enough
against
gained
right
in
plays
and
be
the
on
stand
touches
would
they
F.
part
find, though
now
boldly
distributing
sad
communication
and
copies
some
water
and
several
Council,
irrigation
eye,
does
whole
the
him
to
decided
about
and
what
he
you
means
their
of
apple
very
and
fight
land
making
to
State
good
point
any
of
talked
letters, and
your
equal
not
Secretary
he
of
per
and
mile,
SIR
484
the
and
Director
from
cargoes
their
they
he
says
the
doubt
What
of
having
that
way
Oriyas
perhaps
canals.^
the
believed
Edinburgh
of
Napier
Ettrick, who
Governor
The
and
the
engineer
"
said
He
lay.
beg
offer
point
us,
is his
transit
He
makes
the
Since
irrigation
(p. 288)
book
the
above
character
^*
of
failures, though
persons,
preserving
and
now
life.*'
India.
the
use
the
at
from
Lord
Madras.
see
The
to
eye
difference
eye.
chiefly
was
its
being
I may
the
into
the
canals
Orissa
finished
at
Mr.
canals
the
to
public
the
whereas,
used
largely
in
says,
India
of
for
his
and
denominated
of
profit
expense
the
effective
and
be
of
that
Deakin
cannot
to
difference
circumstances
view
right
premise
being
are
your
Governor
the
whatever
them,
the
account
with
this
of
the
cheap
to
of
had
strong
those
essential
the
indifference
Concerning
people,
constructed
lately.
constitutes
written,
Taking
been
in
you
with
having
mention
no
before
certainly
who
so
entire
navigation.
and
in
traffic,with
one
not
the
matter
his
years
between
from
all, which
of
to
of
conclusions
my
Napier,
for several
first
The
address
an
reply
wherein
fairly established."
is
certainly
in
do.
even
the
vinced
con-
out
race
that
gave
am
advantage
to
not
did
the
bring
to
opinions,
Madras
would
now
speak
not
Governor
out
contrasting
his
ought
in
depends.
is the
can
been
engineer
lecturer, Lord
late
he
"
now
light by
had
pointed
this
they
Institute
Literary
paragraphs
whole
degraded
Cotton
Godavari
the
is that
steamers,
Arthur
Sir
1878,
the
most
however,
of McKinnon's
assistance
In
the
Sunder*
the
two
or
and
office
that
hope,
I have
one
wrong,
to
by rail, that
on
understand
in
be
ten
paper
office, that
man
certainly
have
1 couldn't
and
which
them
out
man
must
left out
upon
of
by
cheaper
railway.
last
my
essentially
are
ones
make
to
they
of
the
much
so
under
cent
per
miles
hundred
with
only
very
I want
hundred
contract
had
it
their
send
to
twenty
found
one
approves
if I
Navigation,
no
them
their
up
at
they
four
send
to
gave
M.
**
but
used
they
rail
by
themselves
than
bunds
that
me
charges,
them
carry
told
Kushtea
rûlar
COTTON
ARTHUR
as
private
means
of
Prevention
Famines,
of
Congress
Replies
Sir
Ettrick,
of
Minutes,
Trevelyan's
Walter
Sir
Napier
International
the
Manchester,
at
to
of
Consideration
the
for
Points
COTTON
ARTHUR
SIR
486
(Ganges
Cautley
Proby
Lord
Canal),
The
and
of
Navigation
TAXATION
the
ordinary
At
the
Finance
Minister
the
to
be
the
to
as
impose
it
in
of
that
whom
of
meat
salt
was
extent
could
Government
than
it could
be
further
To
still
the
population
did
not
fall
carriage
good
"In
to
so
the
raise
England
shillings
per
the
interior.
On
to
came
a
salt
in the
was
hundredweight
formerly
on
salt
salt,
or
pans.
hardship
the
on
it
coast
the
of
cost
ment
Govern-
the
to
at
cheaply
more
The
an
Cheshire
from
added
public prints
great
so
when
burden.
serious
by
on
course,
be
Hindus,
sold
those
pensable
indis-
an
manufacture
inflict
to
to
diet
to
Government
interior
there
and
from
was
could
principal
The
and
price
sion
discus-
is
to
Calcutta
of
discussed
especially
the
anxiety
salt
food.
as
determined
whose
it raised, that
at
out,
revenue
Now
*'
as
severely, but,
deal
than
consequent
monopoly,
of
the
it became
and
population
purchased
price,
more
considerable
salt
on
landed
in
Only
sent
was
additional
consumed
price
be
Laing
was
vegetables,
or
rarely
actually
Tax.
of
finally unfortunately
is
the
was
Mr.
which
in
for
cereals
Income
was
pamphlet
brochure
revenue,
duty
condiment
is
late
the
was
increased
an
from
cattle,
wrote
Maris
India, there
direction
raised, and
Poor
the
to
deficiency
He
small
value.
when
time
him.
quoted
and
interest
the
and
beings
to
Tlu
be
can
passages
human
anxiety
entitled
subject,
few
as
of
SALT.
salt, and, consequently,
by
source
ON
on
consumed
quantity
on
taxation
heavy
always
(Teheran),
others.
many
The
River
Kareen
the
was
measure
the
time.
.
duty
about
of
three
fifteen
half**
pence
the
nation
opinions
of
health,
that
sterling, and
by general
have
since
It
is
yielded
between
of
compensation
for
for
is
used,
this
is, in
the
population
human
the
food
vegetable
anything
taxes
measure,
of
for
than
urgent
more
taxes,
resorted
again
demand
where
condiment,
of
new
been
food
the
salt, but
millions
two
collected
never
that
on
Whatever
up.
animal
that
and
easily
has
tax
to
food
animal
used
one
the
on
essential
so
was
who
most
this
chiefly
justify
given
imposed,
known
system
the
consent,
well
to.
a
been
salt
population
could
one
was
that
ject,
sub-
the
into
inquiry
conclusion,
nothing
it
though
the
body,
among
extensively,
it was,
medical
fullest
the
to
came
the
even
article
after
pound, but,
per
487
TAXATION
SALT
is
only
food
for
except
itself.
''
salt
Now,
is
that
fully proved
Mr.
by
Men
in
don't
salt
is conclusive
And,
Rs.
Laing's
2^
total
millions,
''
it has
Now,
is low,
the
as
twenty-two
at
present,
ought
to
probably
strong
that
annas
in
at
to
it is
in any
and
part
the
his
of
and
hundred
one
be
lb.
before
;
it
head,
as
high
is
Indeed,
it
given,
might
yet
never
consumption
reason
less.
be
to
actual
India
price
the
eighteen
proved
it has
very
is
there
reached
its
India.
labouring
family
the
over
not
that
believe
for
all
; it could
supposing
day,
that
than
the
place,
least
more
height
Now,
less
parts
some
of
consumption
that, where
ascertained
is not
one
any
be
be
in
of
head.
per
lb. ; whatsoever
ground
proper
well
total
be
year
from
far
consequently,
and,
ton,
last
levied
cannot
population
lb.
afforded
consumption
duty
it
before.
enough
not
average
gives
seven
been
had
6s. per
for
consumption
it is said
and
is
increases,
total
The
"6
or
which,
consumption
the
The
increasing.
is, sometimes
"
to
as
^^3,500,000
tons,
eighty
data
tioned
men-
that
liquors,
population
sterling.
of
duty
do
fact
is
consumption
if the
paper.
maund,
per
560,000
the
the
j^3,SOO,ooo
was
the
they
as
that
secondly,
Mr.
by
that
of
deprived
is
First, by the
things.
two
therefore,
and,
by
Laing,
use
excess
of
portion
one
man
anna,
in India
his
income
to
earn
two
is about
SIR
488
seventy
income
5i
that
the
above
^'
of
the
he
is
he
cannot
does
it
time
same
dealer's
for
English
in
of
whole
while
and
his
in
is,
this
declared
India, it does
not
atrocious
and
this
be
proposal
of
large
of
voice
a
relieve
voice
or
year,
that
to
up
one
off, the
the
by
are
before
taken
was,
that
of
amount
sixpence
given
appear
of
intolerable
so
was
income,
Even
was
two
people
of the
of life.
England
and
millions
two
small
millions
with
to
one
his
to
at
twelve-
Indian,
from
the
by
to
earns,
one
poor
proportion
income,
are
family, fifty
his
pay
fourteen
only paid
and
to
in
and
him
the
necessary
cent
per
country,
and
hundred
one
for
costs
shown
as
of
and
England,
in
tenpence,
salt
have
much,
his
salt
income,
without
of
the
against
his
the
at
shilling
one
he
carriage,
Now,
.
payer
superficial men
that
words.
lb. of
the
case,
of
manufacture,
and
tax
salt, for which
other
It is thus
that
fifteen
one
in
of
cost
result
labourer
between
the
one
things.
income
an
the
that, in
abhor
to
and
words
is called
that
discovering
between
one
and
as
one-seventieth
the
that
much
is
tax
professes
he
thing
difference
and
of
quite
duty
man's
poor
income
without
on
very
tax,
raised, that
or
this
diet, would
the
almost
the
the
man's
poor
lays
so
times
revenue
Bombay,
day
vegetable
course;
in
hundred
part
hundred
cent
own
year,
hundredth
his
per
shillings
pounds
Madras^
besides
their
pays
two
in
man.
the
pays
by
man
cent,
signify
profit
misled
per
rich
receipt,
Bengal,
the
salt
receives
in
financier
discern
other
cent
the
actually doing
What
the
the
per
of
average
that
Yet
is
duty
of
tax
so
salt
the
and
year,^
rupees
COTTON
ARTHUR
was
tax
him,
raised
of
this
nothing
like
increase
tax.
Rs.
yo
per
investigation
the
the
Unhappily,
reader
contentions.
in
will
in
save
year,
1882
note
made
the
of
income
average
the
it
Cottonian
only just
effect
of
Indian
an
districts.
two-fifths
this
is
per
reduction
Lord
head
on
Cromer's
of
Sir
Rs.
70
Arthur's
MR.
ROBERT
Yet
"
Holy
this
in
same
Scriptures
words
of
truth
and
unite
the
for
this
those
deafness
though
allowed
Much
of
which
on
viva
slips are
Mr.
his
with
of
One
they
speaker,
NOTES
heard,
in Bastar.
other
I
Both
are
mission
ARTHUR
at
the
though
"
was
missionary
Arthur.
BISHOP
COTTON.
Sironcha
wish
We
new.
one
"
writer
Sir
was
of
to
and
open
one
at
mission
Ingdalpur
work
at
points.
in
am
my
It is
given
And
The
for
have
"
BETWEEN
SIR
AND
of
years
imagined,
Indian
silence,"
are
two
The
experienced
"
hours
bystander
given.
CONVERSATION
We
be
may
Arthur
Sir
reminding
by
be
paper,
several
last
records"
readily
of
handwriting
spent
the
heard
words
THOBURN
Bishop
one-sided
most
who
was
conversation
"
the
in
during
often
can
whose
OF
Arthur
and
these
them
friends,
by slips
point
Christian^
The
these
Thoburn,
"
of
ing
Grow-
literary activity.
on
of
remedies
privacy which,
with
his
to
his
conversation
be
cannot
Bishop
the
of
which
to
answers
not
may
the
that
to
number
many
Sir
telephonic
in
We
thought.
intercourse
stated
Quite
and
constant
carried
was
converser
Scott, of
life.
the
done
so
works
needs,
hindrance
in existence,
week
every
be
voce.
Robert
in
ever/"
and
ever
more
his
to
conversation
the
replied
and
more
hindrance
to
his
father's
my
him
kept
never
be
may
Laing's
Mr.
India's
years,
were
great
that
Englishman,
year."
these
needs,
for
fast
and
praying,
in
us
works
our
stand
pray
one
Throughout
"
join
the
quote
Hindu
enlightened
and
us
489
to
enlightened
every
that
to
as
heartily
stand
for
with
dares
writer
Every
as
Psalmist,
equity
most
well
as
cordially
may
the
say,
THOBURN
BISHOP
paper
and
Mahommedan,
do
SCOTT;
thirty-ninth
out
strong
that
man
whole
Godavari
mission
with
year
Lord
Cromer
is needed
as
country
stations
of service
at
in
India.
leave
cannot
Egypt
this year.
Governor-General
is looking
Raipur,
up.
We
Ingdalpur,
have
planned
Sironcha,
and
SIR
490
possibly
Ssimine
intend
been
not
COTTON
in
stations
orphans, and
have
other
two
ARTHUR
settle
to
coal-field
Jellandu
than
nearer
there.
of them
many
thousand
three
have
We
Bastar.
"
^two
years
and
held
aga
General
used
Haig
meetings constantly
I
the
among
constantly associated
were
work
GodavarL
the
on
with
worship
to
his
is
work
mission
he
years
and
me
of
now
in
told
often
He
together.
of
several
For
seamen*
Some
in Calcutta,
us
his
our
hands.
I
superintend
down
We
the
to
are
Straits,where
have
and
extends
straitened
home,
for
and
might
official
would
lead
direction
to
of
Many
in
us
They
lower
the
Nurbadda
have
Wales,
Men
of
I
of
my
am
my
of
went
result
the
his
in
ago,
Chumars
friendlyto
before
our
valley in
do
to
Sir
hills.
many
the
it
on,
In
every
work.
They
years.
The
famine.
recent
introduced
be
In
ing
form-
by
with
this
did
Ramsay
Henry
Most
of
Scandinavia.
to
give
are
force
is
not
Indians,
responsibilityto
them.
times
ancient
cans,
Ameri-
Ireland,
Scotland,
foreign
Our
when
1859,
missionaries
our
increased
in
in
out
came
responsibilityupon
they did
as
representing England,
some
aim
We
"
^follow
^'
the
ditions
tra-
man."
much
work,
method
the
age.
gradually puts
love
we
up.
are
mission.
and
Germany,
this
this
for
Kumaon.
years
have
we
saved
American
an
increasing.
and
in
success
but
officials
the
among
twenty-three
waking
are
regions irrigationcould
reservoirs
is
years
for
feared
irrigation again
up
all sub-mountain
Ours
some
from
grants
ways.
take
could
perfect
castes
But
the
among
He
Hyderabad
many
will
work
our
work.
said
India
revolution.
the
if
the
the
in
greatly
are
extent
any
North
in
that
report,
of
We
all
work
The
grades.
castes.
reductions
to
of
Christians
of all
lower
extension
almost
to
Commissioner
aid
owing
rapid
succeed
the
tricts.
dis-
and
languages
thousand
preachers
spread
colonists.
Chinese
different
ten
has
work
The
many
now
and
among
means,
the
are
native
rapidly
very
India.
over
twenty-four
hundred
one
thousand
two
all
there
in
preaching
now
We
ages,
missions
our
pleased
and
in
it
to
find
greatly
baptism.
that
you
me
encourages
I
was
ltd
into
read
have
to
it,and
brief
account
you
approve
know
after
finding
this
WONDER
"A
discovered
path
with
the
were
Only
the
are
in
quite
We
Most
the
way
very
491
Testament
New
deals
have
of
to
in
people
wonder
are
to
me
India
unto
of
many."
feel
of
to
the
treatment
that
hear
of
am
under
late
with
your
our
welfare.
man.
is
You
great
interest
will
It
India.
in
It
thirty-six
young
care
famine.
you.
since
For
still
not
you
even
brandy-p^L
interview
years.
do
reservoirs,
orphans
survivors
intensely
We
new.
India.
medical
now
this
was
are
?-*Forty-five
to
great
drink
must
thousand
have
back
go
in
and
three
them
me
situation
India
in
spend
revolution
told
government
era.
system
of
system
The
fuw
when
abstained,
now
delight
of
you
in
been
have
did
freely
They
Providence.
of
Pentecost
of
believe
has
out.
of
years
that
There
years
the
development
threshold
quote
came
is
elements
church
many
You
the
to
simplest
the
How
"a
left
the
on
shall
it
that
MANY"
question.
They
found
UNTO
are
truly
CHAPTER
Life
in
Bartle
MoncriefF,
from
When
after
and
years,
he
returning,
did
endeavoured
to
the
gain
He
for
longed
intercourse,
his
he
broken
by
he
trying
by
to
in
word
to
his
out
carry
have
been
told
occurred
you
time
Fife's
to
on
for
did
as
me
the
letter;
thus
moment,
one
his
like
not
time
have
fall
the
site
possible
branch.
wrong
if
that
not,
49S
great
so
could
they
I
will
understand
not
having
forget
send
this
which
Eastern,
could
all
Tungabudra
the
the
reached
friend
mistake
of
branch
to
wrote
great
wrong
great
about
me
he
making
they
the
with
one
they
Wells
the
tanks
he
less,
end-
were
resources
perhaps
ennui
Tunbridge
for
His
after
weeks
few
the
social
much
too
visiting.
examining
sites
the
the
from
life.
known,
constant
they
their
sent
of
Instead,
power
during
country
never
of
at
find
time
never
had
up
While
real
meaning
sighed
often
for
return
the
what
had
foot
on
opportunities
country,
freedom
and
quiet
and
and
is
who
those
of
his
was
were
England.
this
in
it
on,
schemes.
great
for
India
serve
support
leave
again
not
later
and
thoughts
awaited
we
schemes
sundry
had
he
there,
us
removed
we
where
Wells,
rejoined
though
home-coming;
in
he
retirement,
his
business,
irrigation
Tunbridge
to
after
India,
to
went
Scott-
Colin
others
and
special
on
return.
last
''
father
my
Sir
Frcre,
r.e.,
Devonshire
his
ingale,
Night-
Florence
"
Sir
and
from
Letters
England
WHEN
XVII
it
fall
be
ing
wast-
whether
He
it
was
these
Amongst
who
and
the
rising water
of
the
river, dragging
higher
been
had
by
the
lasted
were
the
out
It
only
whilst
men
bodies,
and
altogether
was
short
from
away
time
the
terrible
sides
them
on
sight,
but
laying
the
as
houses
their
lined
tunate
unfor-
of
bodies
many
swept
drowned,
ground.
fortunately
piles
strange
people,
COTTON
ARTHUR
SIR
494
naturally
torrent
subsided.
soon
Our
two
it
lay
as
visited
the
days
of
some
the
his
the
steel
of
iron-clad
greatly,
work.
We
also
works,
and
saw
iron
and
of
father
my
line
own
sides
prepared,
vessels
manipulation
of
Sheffield, the
engine
delicate
the
as
interested
great
for
plates
well
as
in
entirely
so
huge
Sheffield
at
of
pair
dainty
scissors.
On
and
for
hours
two
devoted
the
whole
subject,
our
the
whole
Park:
mountains
do
the
the
at
us
this
dent,
acci-
call
it ?
hours
of
you
two
the
of
master
through
useful
I
the
of
mountain
it
in
view
could
we
was
a
that
I
moment
would
just
rhododendrons
see
that
the
Mountain,
that
be
only
the
sea,
this
in
and
was
greatest
the
woods,
side
by
But
it
"
to
was
glorious
I
combined
this
an
the
From
ofl*,
air, and
refreshment
delicious
the
him.
woods
and
waterfalls
in
west
miles
two
view;
flower.
enchanted
so
sea,
the
on
the
stream-torrent
amongst
fronted
Tolly-
snow,
in
rocks
the
stood
and
with
tipped
rushing
over
house
with
abruptly
bubbling,
of
gates
entranced
all
rewarded
were
we
of
drive
long
great
ending
tumbling
by shrubs,
bed
house
mountains,
the
to
up
after
station,
over
The
and
the
perfectly
which
cascades.
immense
scene,
time
and
was
sometimes
surrounded
from
richly wooded,
through
flowed,
felt
and
engine
was
time,
Ireland,
driving
he
hills
ravine,
and
of
rising
the
in
miles
interest
more
view
of
Loss
interesting
most
eighteen
the
the
of
father
My
commiserated
one
loss
our
was,
arrived
soon
about
also
on
down,
journey."
We
by
soon
some
**
reply
it the
thought
He
the
of
study
when
and
journey
his
to
broke
delayed.
were
passengers
misfortune.
of
of
the
period
cause
end
from
journey
our
was
him
He
the
now,
IN
RESIDENCE
wearied
he
as
of
course
the
that
gate
that
months,
this
his
could
he
for
home
everything
were
one
left
power
than
could
he
In
there
into
which
beautiful
would
he
his
who
well
as
him
truly,
little
and
of
to
the
that
none
and
Dufferin,
Lord
hospitable
Vicars^
Nugent,
more.
delightful
other
many
was
with
home.
one
his
of
would
Lady
Miss
Marsh,
wife
favourite
and
be
daughters,
and
freely
from
come
charming
most
presence;
her
Arthur
exquisite
and
Lady
Blackwood,
of
guests
; and
often
heart
to
authoress
visitors
for
often
the
the
loved
Bible
queenly
Sir
as
see,
Gainsborough,
Lord
to
to
needy
forget
Lurgan,
used
his
and
conversation.
friends
so
used
a
lonely
rooms
most
which
these
his
of
father
through
with
their
flows
could
weary
They
open
the
was
invigorate
pleased
offer
features
her
and
of
or
He
books,
"
knew
and
her
cessantly,
in-
however
visitor.
the
afternoon
scattered
Countess
the
with
stay
ever
and,
and
satisfy
can
better
wrote
foot
solitude
he
the
use
neighbourhood,
ladies-in-waiting,
handsome
manners
and
and
in the
Life, which
daughter,
to
with
of
Grace,
Queen's
Tollymore
when
scenery
opened.
drove
with
would
making
and
He
refresh
of,
for
Bryansford,
on
grateful
one
of
years.
farms
the
ToUymore
the
filled
welcome
Water
of
to
lonely
him
could
to
walking,
cheer
prayer,
the
of
of
place.
mountains
seemed
many
Roden's
woman,
of
always
or
of
Throne
one
scenery
the
in their
reading
Lord
and
to
were
cordial
tell them
the
evening,
pockets
endeavour
people^
three
fond
visit
mountains,
for
the
to
and
would
gates
order, with
quiet retreat,
moved
the
it to
he
that
the
see
climate
in this
all
we
and
felt
"
to
temptation
frequented
remained
active
He
the
pen
feel, it always
might
him.
his
in
put
The
he
more
expeditions
singularly
he
and
time
we
the
made
him,
any
morning
through
at
"
the
least
time
short
village
And
now
in
very
pretty
to
resist
not
down
offered
and
in
when,
him
recently
park,
the
And
drove
had
he
495
body.
Roden
into
opened
few
Lord
day,
house
charming
and
mind
in
was
IRELAND
came
of
Mr.
that
Hedley
Richard
to
Jolly-
SIR
496
often
We
Wellan,
The
visited
COTTON
Annesley's
Lord
its remarkable
with
house
the
ARTHUR
in
stood
undulating
with
the
house
at
park,
and
pinetum
exquisite
an
beautiful
lake.
far-reaching
down
position, looking
on
the
between
shining
water
Castle
place^
trees.
Lady
Annesley's
another
was
was
delightful
re^l
enjoyment
the
overlooking
watch
the
rain,
the
beside
the
to
river
and
its
charm
of
turn
bridge
of
the
which
the
never
said,
*'You
can
swinging
work
was
with
the
should
in
and
pose
On
the
he
He
at
Society,
of
on
the
continued
the
Bible
his
of
be
gers,
passen-
They
great
busy
my
father
this
bridge.
bridge
for
useful
work,
health,
irrigation
to
easy
in
chain
conversation
that
the
day
father's
my
determined
within
always
little
mediately
im-
father
traffic.*'
construction
this
wanted
may
its
be
par-
well.
as
the
Dorking
was
to
the
to
particular
foot
for
decided
was
added
it would
"
its
mills, where
saw
After
light, strong,
extend
residence
settled
and
of
recovery
reason
it
had
wooden
bank
shop
the
on.
for
plan
picturesque
to
his
going
done,
specimen
to
pointing
My
carriage
for
was
alwas^s
useful
see.
Roden,
one
to
carpenter's
charge,
a
soon
light
to
have
bank
to
greatly
up."
one
easily
attached
"
out
put
too
the
constantly
man
and
have
exceedingly
be
to
interest
was
seen,
this
and
We
from
across
it would
draw
This
said,
after
which
of
pointed
He
and
Lord
he
park,
it, each
grounds.
have
of
the
and
miles
with
driving
terraces
woods,
winter
drive
crossed
and
in the
Would
was
the
on
in
special character,
own
together
scene
walk
to
which,
through
ran
stream,
though
He
that
ornamental,
drove
father
there, but
bridge,
very
people
It
neighbourhood.
wander
to
waterfalls,
my
bridges
history
the
when
day
then
which
sight
the
father
my
and
splendid
were
One
to
sea,
in
place
Lodge,
Donard
Newcastle,
he
Ireland,
leave
of
tunities
opporFor
India.
of
interests
reach
desired
and
; he
London
take
^p
finally
Surrey.
of
Committees
Society,
connection
and
the
the
with
Missionary
Church
Irish
these
Church
Mission.
Societies
for
STRONG
many
his
years,
attendance
and
of
sight
used
fresh
wonderful
and
through,
its many
of
One
day
pass
fierce,and
the
You
the
father
my
like
just
set
was
joined
day.
obliged
rather
down.
its horns
he
me
thought
looked
and
near,
he
woman,"
with
us
sand
thou-
were
of them
at
that
stile
in
fields, and
Some
dead
of
he
miles
all
**
of
out
got
smiling.
was
said
with
India,
years
was
passed
had
he
difficulties
some
the
activity
life in
fourteen
active
to
are
women
same."
rebuke
he
sorbed
in
rupees,
or
He
could
write
rented
at
anxious
choose
to
the
spot
wood,
several
house
such
merit
''to
that
thought
reside
not
first
build
kind
having
times
built
that
on
he
the
in the
long
and
plan
crowded
would
busily
one
asked
out
view.
liked
had
very
seen
were
father
A
with
father
had
much
to
on
to
ing
charm-
crowned
My
had
we
my
like.
slope,
he
that
brothers
would
sunny
have
of
him.
to
cottage
they
both
pleasant
would
not
figures, carrying
mother's
my
they
a
did
spoken
; he
he
that
he
in
of
time.
house,
"
his
al"
so
kind,
had
him
down
the
at
of house
selected
was
and
as
no
scale, millions
some
one
all around
very
her
brave
often
was
abstraction
Dorking;
at
as
is
addressed,
was
any
this
jot
he
of
and, if he
or
is
gigantic
people talking
of
driving,
or
preserve
notes
she
danger,
there
"
on
conscious
be
is
when
away
measurements
or
word
his
did
fear
miles,
line
own
We
asked,
runs
there
calculations
often
out
woman
walking,
was
with
room,
no
utter
to
appear
now,''
"
was
knows
When
not
done
but, when
and
did
"
reply
danger
lion
have
?
His
to
ran
are
''What
his
of cattle.
a
his
and
or
herd
When
way.
**
thirteen
made
that
sixty-seven
crossing
one
immediately
of
were
we
of
exposures,
age
walking
large
labour
wards
after-
enjoying
His
illnesses
and
the
at
devoted
was
country.
new
497
prevented
long walks,
very
severe
zeal
privations,
nothing
or
the
the
kinds,
to
views
MIND
being
He
take
to
After
only
deafness.
by increasing
exercise,
OF
CONCENTRATION
the
32
said
have
island
SIR
498
of
belonging
Guernsey,
friend
Indian
of
The
In
the
said
Oh,"
''
like
should
who
lived
man
to
it
mine
in that
General's
will
he
death
delighted
be
information
some
gentleman
''
reply
was
Arthur
Sir
to
with
cot
to
So
this
Good
men
to
I"
us
this
perhaps
can
visit
inquiries
my
desk
joy
the
have
won
uncle
of
He
it since
him,
upon
give
and
were
you
found
the
made,
the
actual
of
plans
surprise
showed
plans,
which
his
them
in
was
He
into
ance
accord-
the
Then
hands
Out
of
this
honour
indeed
very
added
sword
eight
great
he
for
spent
greeted
if I
say
were
fencing
of
:
hundred
My
Wood-
always
pair
he
having
at
room,
prize
handsome
very
he
you
first
the
India,
arrived
What'would
father's
1"
Northern
usual, for
came
"
received
were
in
colours.
pride.
Sword
had
the
built
as
words
and
into
of
time
he
as
exhibited
put
son
and,
Conduct
and
to
rented
call
this
was
flying
the
he
our
and
his
myself,
town.
will
the
loan
afternoon
that
you
saying,
sticks
often
wish.
with
with
father
tell
and
pay
in
house
at
was
with
Sunday
my
Saturday
one
this
having
If you
'*
to
the
earliest
his
Sandhurst
left
in
you,
here
begged
brother
My
few
When
architect, and
an
an
pic*
"
house
the
enough
days
its
have
Strangely
Guernsey,
over
have
forget
it."
about
home.
at
round
young
for
see
was
never
house
adding,
to
walked
father
My
in
Haviland,
built
for
man's
clergy-
thing
de
plan."
"
this
it
that
'*
General
When
gallery
I had
house
very
him.
met
curious
very
shall
ever
rooms
aga
and
answered,
taken
has
lives
on
is
knew
years
with
like, if
curate
that
house,
hall
that
out
interesting.
fa"er
; my
came
previously.
years
is
old
an
"
Guernsey.
ever
few
his
arranged
The
the
if you
at
I should
have
ask
inner
turesque
said
father,
it
to
my
there
stayed
parish
conversation
family belonged
few
occiarred,
the
to
Haviland
de
died
now
come
of
course
Colonel
had
which
had
curate
COTTON
to
who
da)rs
coincidence,
new
ARTHUR
fendng-
"
Look
'*
it is the
at
young
father's
Soon,
"
light
de-
however,
asked
the
of
pushing
of
canal
expensive
whole
the
of
interest, if
not
an
the
for
ten
canal
to
water
light
strongest
"
I think
main
the
communications
(2)
whole
"
I wish
think
speculation
the
of
there
the
water.
seems
no
for
count
famine
of
impoverishment
use
hear,
think
you
the
That
what
you
seriously
what
effect
the
upon
project
materially
it will
the
traffic
fully
in
traffic
small
the
as
and
delay
affect
Surely
the
now."
depopulation
it must
of
I have
hand
your
will
say
in
upon
the
doubt
but
me,
sible
pos-
wrote
effect
district
for
room
have
least
he
says
first, what
and
opening
as
the
get it put
will
the
in
Jessore
to
it to
send
could
to
whether
"
would
able
are
famine.
at
F.
money.
you
anxious
am
you
he
that
it yet
got
and
in
year,
is open
you
importance,
whole
the
time
it and
on
not
for
along
putting
proposed
greatest
of
canal
that
Sone,
works
I
the
pay
passed
the
glad
the
canal
the
boat
point
such
of
level
of
of
expense
grand
most
accumulations
nor
very
from
effect
Ganges
am
land
high
the
memo,
also
the
the
years.
one
the
It would
with
watered
letters
^that
"
of
cost
oven
line
two
this
upon
and
main
the
written
whole
works,
was
much
so
the
twice
Orissa
It's
Midnapur.
to
works
acre
also
insisting
pay
of
urging
Jessore,
to
parts
I have
would
irrigation
cost
different
the
especially
famine
canal
have
subject
Campbell,
George
Navigation
Ganges.
TimeSy
in
crop
the
up
The
to
of
on
the
on
Sir
to
the
COTTON
memo,
letters
two
execution
the
him
give
to
me
written
ARTHUR
SIR
500
ac*
last
your
letter.
Next,
"
Government
''I
'*
of
they
see
accepted
labour
have
it
the
doing
months
Will
be
everything
be
the
that
I should
month,
make
to
will
it do
obliged
project
they
suppose
funds
and
that
by
the
B.
has
able
much
of
advance
works
your
what
very
of
this
;^2o,ooo
you
and
prospects
ago.
upon
offer
enough,
I should
will
now.
ought
that
for
to
of
use
you
for
They
to
in
this
you
have
your
find
it, and
your
to
seem
done
season
opinion
be
now
fourteen
present
posi*
"
tion, with
ought
in,
you
see
the
money
on
am
side.
my
complete
as
glad
so
that
papers
controversy.
failure.
quite
finished,
Indian
any
canal
Ganges
report, too,
works
heavy
to
anybody
or
501
distribution.
glad
extraordinary
an
"
DONE
in the
be
the
on
the
of
far
go
I should
**
some
to
NOTfflNG
BUT
PAPERS,
The
report
they
didn't
have
was
call
Godavari
the
free
failure,though
ment
com-
from
bias.
I wrote
"
the
I wrote
the
also
fair
himself, which
papers
for
lately printed
irrigation
but
everybody,
Cribboume.
not
of
acteristic
the
and
of
House
Commons
affair
They
have
about
done,
that
almost
by
papers
writes
everybody
age"
read
to
papers
"
truly
most
says
him
do.
to
that
seeing
Office.
India
begged
single thing
one
Buckle
the
promised
melancholy
most
"
the
he
in
help
to
in
hearing
Stafford,
Sir
to
him
asked
and
received
matter
"
Frere
to
by
Lord
is the
char
even
this
and
but
says,
body
no-
does.
*'And
in
executive
and
who
Works,
else
nothing
"They
the
order
all the
have
"
Barriers
the
I have
deeds
effect
something.
Godavari
used
to
in
left
the
do
not
report.
talk
of
of
respect
public
of
with
have
to
of
time
his
But
they
now
There
capital
afraid
another
season
writing
am
make
of
; the
all
rogueries
works
at
is lost.
to
by seeing
is
was
of
the
man
may
Upper
they
as
such
last
he
millions
of
never
to
perhaps
answer
talk
was
Frere
and
that
Government
move
month.
an
Smith
Godavari
Indian
words,
B.
Upper
Office
the
others, this
belie
J.
India
the
to
the
with
told
left the
trying
thousands.
of
he
orders, and
Frere, Sir Stafford, and

whose
in it, and
same
Wood
this
to
idea
some
the
prosecution
; but
issued
not
the
body,
acquainted
interest
an
is
Board
separate
themselves
Charles
before
did
vigorous
Council
incompetent
an
have
just
on
Sir
he
the
to.
going
thing
are
we
acquire
attend
to
they
make
to
to
works.
last
till
time
and
are
Godavari
the
have
while
done
;
hope
no
business,
be
works
public
is
there
their
will
nothing
an
ing
open-
year
private enterprise
and
have
the
accumulation
be
is
obtained
I
in
which
probably
set
business
of
another
that
faults
with
them
will
of
them,
down
crack
to
the
will
such
produced
have
all
that
arguments,
my
all I say
more
these
they
quite forgetting
works
the
to
ig^nore
to
only strengthen
the
in
am
of late.
affect
nut
own
an)rthing
yet, of
done
they
hard
mistakes,
results, it only confirms
his
to
officer, Forbes,
while
too
all the
if,with
it has
as
them
against
say
attend
to
public works, though
on
will
just obtained
signs whatever,
about
showing
all sorts
liberty
The
soon.
you
have
at
no
sent
find
they
see
still creep
they
works,
Grovemment
done
have
Godavari,
for
being
"They
could
amount
any
from
hear
may
Stafford
Sir
it may
hopes
find
the
; but
effective
hopes
majority
I suppose
prodigious.
Government.
by
am
COTTON
ARTHUR
SIR
502
about
the
profits
the
Ab}rs-
irrigation.
God
''
has
sinian
Expedition
it's
say
favoured
that
in
the
peace
*"
and
order
have
had
in
interest
is
is
he
force
works
on
"
to
born,
in
feet
the
see
see
if he
India.
In
his
It
delicious,
''How
an
this
Rajah
of
It
in
is
few
astonishing
gift
it
to
inches
hundred
three
beautiful
invaluable
tell
Benares,
well, within
was
but
He
Club.
something
is
there
way
working,
influence
some
do
cannot
ago.
years
National
the
great
it
now
very
take
yet
may
to
is done.
Oxfordshire.
deep.
(3)
trying
anything
If you
been
is
undercurrent
before
long
of
gerald,
Fitz-
Vesey
some
of
man
of
state
takes
it
in
tour
member
in
considerable
and, I believe,
but
and
made
Mr.
could
countries.
who
Ireland,
in
property
India, and
me,
with
must
entangled
inaugurate
surrounding
conversation
literary man
for
sent
of
for
too,
me,
to
in the
and
though
inextricably
be
compelled
some
Liberal,
be
there
man
He
and
country,
to
should
we
to
hopes,
our
disappointment
help hoping
not
termination
all
beyond
terrible
with
us
order,
that
seems
and
of
just
I have
him
where
and
the
was
fifty-eight
water
was
neighbourhood."
that
navigation
must
''
VITAL
MOST
be
never
mentioned
at
happy
Commons.
begun
the
at
the
are
completely
going
have
then
not
reports
had
talk
with
of
seems
this
on
the
built,
be
to
seems
still
why
"
fundamental
one
Tungabudra.
for
[M.P.
Madras
King's
and
efficient
very
it
prove
being
fire
of
works,
to
Sirhind
hangs
Bourke
Governor
who
Connemara],
the
same
book
anicut
an
House
Ganges
of
is said
Mr.
Lower
Sone
the
; the
with
appointed
talk
503
in the
or
wrote
; and
word
the
C.
"
IRRIGATION
Office
say
to
well, but
idea, for
to
nonsense
in the
"
India
successful
very
no
the
spot where
greatest
on
point
am
very
was
OF
SUBJECT
Lynn,
Lord
created
and
man,
in
am
'
great
hopes
upon
him
Public
will
the
without
spent
as
man
and
to
and
is
far
so
being
advise.
you
to
is
present, unless
work
into
last
We
heard
ports of the
and
to
lay
could
the
Society.
has
^'I
me
Red
be
What
been
most
for
resuscitate
this
whole
themselves.
of
He
Indian
I cannot
most
the
vital
official
but
of
is
Godliness.
all
and
the
dad
Bag-
able
man
Arabia
around
Missionary
think
how
such
great
that
hope
he
last got
at
more
satisfaction
prepared
was
single
visited
Church
the
it is to
it's
subject
has
deep
mission
hitherto
paper
men,
that
Muscat
to
go
by
thing
that
his
Nile.
is sent
F.
having
great
away
able
he
is to
grievous
thrown
this
he
of
and
not
now
that
base, the
present
have
expands
Aden,
up
acknowledge
must
that
at
and
found.
G.
concerned
are
ground
we
rejoiced
and
foundation
circulated,
the
Sea,
But
talents
him
from
Damascus,
not
man
his
of
worthy
the
western
North-
the
earnest
petent
com-
canal,
Coast
quite beyond
all.
am
been
of
want
posts
prepare
mind
good
in
advanced
above
have
sterling
navigation.
This
front
the
Godavari
master
the
earnestly
the
point
to
up
the
though
brought
the
harbour,
it is fAe
at
of
the
up
as
done
taking
head
the
at
pressed
yet, entirely from
as
taking
are
Madras.
millions
three
works,
they
see
nothing
Indus,
able
an
alluded
Frontier,
but
of
result
any
Tungabudra
You
restore
about
men.
"
to
Department,
which
on
something
putting
Works
works
the
do
by
it may
yet
you,
have
so
and
help
irrigation,against
body, almost,
to
to
which
entirely set
Indeed,
**
to
that
me
the
to
friend
of
finds
the
he
Government
matter,
in
and
hand,
of
further
railway
enough,
your
advice.
jects
that
itself
is
it would
to
rather
think
the
of
paring
What
the
which
wonder
without
line
Vizaga-
the
and
I
country.
least
proper
am
pre*
remarics.
your
perceived
never
ob"
the
their
for
have
to
of, and
natural
submit
in
vast
first-dass
talked
it is the
me
It is from
long
but
have
project
greatly
of
long.
will
is that
at
like
Gangetic
Upper
the
India, though
been
that
point,
whole
memo.,
all
actually begun,
main
the
perceiving
outlet
is
has
in
before
number
miles
and
earnest
execution.
now
affect
hundred
Raipur,
patam
such
quite
three
only
have
I should
includes
It
the
great
for
turn
re-
that
They
another
ready
which
about
project
have
almost
in
to
out
authorities.
superior
acres,
inclined
found
lately
written
lately
rather
really heartily
one
But, curiously
**
Office
I have
the
million
has
ex-C.E^
an
India
are
spite
three
irrigated
mine,
And
subject
Punjab
COTTON
ARTHUR
SIR
504
the
of
state
case."
of
One
favourite
his
On
Nightingale.
of
of
If
with
it.
of
Will
the
With
regard
prepared,
copies
have
She
famine
He
the
Miss
brought
additions
require
correction
alludes
of
bore
to
Sir
map
"
interesting
something
and
tion
informa-
then
was
being
date, is published
I
**
that
;
portance
im-
"
that
writes
hope
wrote
do
to
was
the
and
she
figures
year
to
up
this
to
able
map
Nightingale
because
made,
this
in
she
attention
most
your
latest
irrigation
make
to
it will
to
the
me
things
which,
and
memoir.
this
give
be
might
subject
works,
of
one
me
the
drawing
certain
Florence
irrigation
this
to
forward
of
state
of
Miss
was
Indian
Governor
letters, I
you
of
view
write
could
you
impressive
"
With
pushing
and
few
subject
newly-appointed
*'
the
interested.
keenly
correspondents
every
and
have
had
year
that
with
but
shall
we
eveiy
year
!"
Richard
minute
Temple's
on
the
1877-78:"
testimony
to
the
tanks,
as
famine
relief
FORCING
works
for
^when
"
of
Bombay
Presidency),
the
people.
I read
this
of
never
human
but
am
very
there
is
Sir
to
good
time
the
England
rails
miles
in
they
half
one
twelve
fifteen
lines
No
at
adds
hour,
works
building materials,
whole
domestic
the
through
of
millions
ten
five
famine
transport
chaise
of
which
would
the
would
sand
thou-
one
is
matter
and
eight
of
exception
miles,
while
at
it"
in
people,
Madras
and
The
of
in
would
the
supply
would
alter
works
also
increased
an
addition
all
food
abundant
whole
little to
the
to
vide
pro-
sent
pre-
in
Mysore,
for
twenty-
provide
ol
means
peninsula,
its cost
the
produce
effectually
the
of
scattered
irrigation
secure
with
very
as
(besides
would
throughout
add
such
secure
This,
in connection
food
to
as
generally
required
acres
annum.
Bombay),
of
the
chester
Man-
is
the
worked
people.
million
acres
and
millions
against
per
of
it is
by
the
to
twenty-five
peninsula, }delding
million
Hyderabad,
five
whole
that
the
only
fuel, salt, etc.,
of
five
about
carriage
from
at
in
"
cheap
for
land
this
part of
whatever
for
made
transit
lines
are
been
have
suggested
state
to
"
judgment
with
reference
have
water
generally
twenty
her
forcing
decided
ludicrous
an
(referring
there
rails
in
miles
the
miles
he
wonder
''The
has
yourself,
with
trying
have
decisive
The
certainly
twenty
or
miles
would
After
India, where
is
they
millions
of
canals
of
they
years,
What
working
two
canals
world
the
friend
mistake
thirty-five
length
are
to
or
hideous
that"
for
instead
seven
for
in
carriage
that
such
India
yet
in India.
sixty
Canal).
land
hears
one
account
another
to
railways
spend
to
the
writes
railways
for
necessary
of
father
their
more
that
an
poor
live
must
inconceivable
an
on
so
coming
You
of
making
forcing
The
permanent
"
destruction
and
hear
sorry
Cotton
''What
side
suffering
front
Arthur
the
in
the
to
way
of you
feels
one
505
their
to
passages.
more
INDIA
before.
seen
''
the
and
think
always
of these
any
famine,
record
to
the
(in
value
IN
RAILWAYS
ON
But
at
what
SIR
5o6
would
be
the
the
the
in
to
and
by
for
the
extension
vast
the
in
be
proved
fully that, with
the
of
in
of
of
state
for
the
Godavari
in
of
Those
the
this
only
who
is
of
living
of stout,
that
effects
the
in
people
in
in
change
of
one
such
of
Indian
the
this.
a
of
district
famine
Godavari.
has
famine,
see
now
cheerful, well-proportioned
with
compare
famine
by
teeming
women
men,
in
the
world
symptom
of
any
by
checked
been
we
country
of
died
judge
can
In
have
men
population
will
one
things,
The
seen
of
is
instructors.
themselves?
memory,
fodder
the
put
necessary
of
have
This
all
district
and
farms
of water,
to
of
area
cost
necessary
of
cultivation,
model
small
certified
as
have
the
in
children
and
river
would
people
dry
supply
very
respect
consequences
population
The
estimate
idea
some
thousands,
contingent
it
respect,
give
within
of
tens
educate
to
change
where,
to
value
diminished
the
small
can
in
people
will
at
that
instance,
them
**
supply
difficulty for providing
met
very
of the
providing, by European
enabling
papers,
cattle
things
way
Who,
'*
Besides
and
produce
the
of
completely
for
many
the
life
superior
ordinary
fodder,
consequence
would
grown
the
of
of
abundance
cattle,
be
the
course
inter-
new
certain
condition
improved
jungle,
may
imagine
that
the
improve
putting
more
of
means
irrigation.
But, further, the
lead
this
can
we
(and
years
greatly
present
^
all
works, by
ordinary
would
water),
that
people, certainly
beyond
irrigation, these
tanks
the
the
to
community
new
the
give
COTTON
stimulus
prodigious
would
into
ARTHUR
for
intelligence.
''
In
Godavari
the
and
prosperity
*'
Lower
is
"
works
money
the
is
scarcely
that
enjoyment
river
and
incredible, though
is not
the
in
there
displayed.
delta, the
are
solid
few
rush
for
instances
of
reaction."
apparent
Once
rational
down
education
there
more
"
According
to
executed
is
borrowed
Whittaker,
by
the
Government
at
per
present
is
cent,
return
4*3
'
apart
on
per
irrigation
cent,
from
while
the
ad-
SIR
5o8
There
"
the
be
can
will
order, and
the
give
their
that,
and
to
in
is
years
on,
go
be
very
maintained
tensive;
ex-
in
good
irrigation, and
encourage
the
as
eventually
canal
made
confidence
lyots
canal's
ability
to
to
all
meet
demands.''
From
the
amongst
these
during
be
the
effort
every
whatever
increase,
that
provided
COTTON
doubt
no
irrigated
area
ARTHUR
correspondence
are
years
few
which
letters
which
he
received
profitably
may
reproduced.
From
Sir
Colony
and
Bartle
E,
Frere,
Commissioner
High
South
for
Government
Governor
G.C.S.I.,
Africa.
Cape
House,
Town,
March
My
Dear
Sir
I have
been
all
the
which
there
is
every
part
sources,
storage
works
and
of
the
find
it
and
draw
show
how
from
up,
of
If
could
you
make
would
index
larger
to
help
us.
of
not
have
to
private
both
school
hope
fast
of
here
depend
would
of
very
active
they
much
more
water
soon
the
Blue
Books
precis
as
prospects,
financial
the
of
or,
as
South
did
with
you
Orange
on
persuade
it were,
in
and
which
the
the
it would
at
works.
private
upon
kind
Africa,
irrigational
supply
fies
satis-
and
great
reports,
in
now,
that
the
were
of
mass
works,
such
summary
article,
as
But
money.
sources
are
description
through
how
detailed
more
we
period
a
so
go
and
got
irrigational works.
review
good
ot
nothing
vast
and
me
description
Madras
go
here, how
for
get
to
important
more
your
but
materials,
executed,
in
I have
great
time
friends
my
field
comprehensive
your
other
irrigation, for
every
work.
scattered
economically
results
of
and
unlimited
for
and
make
to
almost
kinds,
really complete
Office
regarding
and
Africa,
results
India
can
and
of various
impossible
would
irrigational
and
and
cost
that
South
reports
as
the
from
enormous
an
1880.
27,
"
getting
papers
of
water
me
Arthur,
Cape
of
kind
the
ning
beginwill
They
Madras,
for
enterprise
Vaal
of
greatly
rivers
engineers
people
which
of South
of
we
and
axe
your
Africa
FROM
LETTER
to
spend
least
at
with
railways
as
the
SIR
good
and
uncultivated.
I wish
South
a
few
Africa
home
from
India
India
or
will
course
of
they
have
been
old
work
in
mind
not
in
when
they
where
men,
who
cannot
climate,
thrive
such
in
Frere
Lady
and
I am,
live
Very
Sir
Arthur
Cotton,
in
all
know
you
kindest
gards,
re-
join,
Arthur,
faithfully
H.
General
twelve
at
with
Sir
dear
my
is
exhausted
daughters
my
for
or
or
retire
and
cause,
take
It
ten
amazingly.
is
inhabited
health,
have
they
soil
India.
in
up
on
would
for
search
than
trouble
which
school
in them
cold
your
used
the
; for
sparsely
their
find
Indians
and
of
disciples
spending
are
results
509
very
everywhere
the
they
as
larger
the
where
years'
more
of
after
country
and
in
of
certainty
everywhere
almost
millions
many
FRERE
BARTLE
yours,
B.
Frere.
E.
K.CB.,
Dorking'.
From
Sir
Colin
Colonel) Scott-Moncrieff^
{then
R.E.
L
Nov.
Cairo,
My
Dear
Sir
I thank
of the
as
you
which
The
twenty-five
in
time
of
irrigation
easy
sigh
open
of
the
curbing
were
it.
relief
the
in
when
the
you
for
had
I
a
on
of
case
river
daresay
with
every
rupee
your
anxious
head
of
for
cannot
good
began
to
old
wonderful
with
an
moments
But
water
we
and
rise
days,
rice
and
quite
engineer
there
when
we
could
you
inappreciative
was
light anicut,
toa
for
the
at
were
and
ceeded
suc-
we
English
young
for
job
cotton
say
accidents,
in the
that
it.
report
not
sound
from
demand
the
you
letter
veteran
Do
Barrage
metres
the
such
article.
Far
highest.
there
Cauveri
battling
its
I insisted
gates.
the
three
Nile, when
at
always
made
up
of
sending
am
their
pounds.
holding
about
being
thousand
was
kind
most
your
sympathy
formed
have
we
lowest
and
gratifying.
Times
think
moment
for
sincerely
approval
is very
1885.
14,
"
very
The
31st
yourself
on
Arthur,
were
and
ernment,
Gov-
SIR
510
Now
although
have
quite
are
little
India,
and
here.
And,
God's
I
which
India
have
almost
decided
it is.
weir
over
the
of
we
shall
on
making
fear, two
spend,
I found
gave
that
flourish
fullest
the
fell
of
water
the
on
the
work.
Nubar
leave
Egypt
was
at
much
daylight
on
This
work
and
twenty
without
and
"
When
months,
six
and
pounds
corv6e.
the
system
and
rascality
are
through
Here
the
that
the
little
for
ever
politicalhaze,
but
of
in
of the
hopes
hinder-
lowest
India
hoping
seems
to
unpaid
or
and
the
it
the
influence,
his
am
In
lot
worries
employees.
are
do
forced
intrigues,
two-
battling
all
I
about
quantity
to
with
without
endless
we
us
in
sense
for
are
we
whole
common
same
sanguine,
too
am
part of the
clearer.
them
dredgers
jealousy, palace
the
little
now
helping
hence
years
there
got
The
corvee.
clearances
I have
perhaps,
But
of honour
shown
And
is
French
ances.
river.
One
rabble
the
only
By
silt
Pasha
two
workman.
miles
pounds,
corruption
to
man
obtained.
altogether,
though,
have
former
system
and
all the
to
poor.
we
be
can
play
second
few
hundred
for
annually
have
sound.
one
doing
are
thousand
of
of
army
sent
ever
arrangement
thirds
abolition
hot
here.
pasha
burden
hundred
of
in the
the
two
Egypt.
unsparing
make
fiftythousand
-with
never
Nile,
up
school
the
to
and
quite
in
would
crosses
horrid, disorganised,
"
that
an
employed
men,
food
is the
heart
here
railway
hundred
think
dozens
the
of
existing Barrage
my
or
the
fear, quite
the
near
thousand
and
where
than
more
branch
Damietta
Benha,
will cost, I
No
We
work
and
whom
what
pay
about
knock
from
us
picked
good
at
^Ve
Indian
aghast
without
been
came
stand
India, and
in
the
of
no
daily
have
for
all, it is
after
and,
north
mark
highly
here
officers
my
shouldn't,
some
it
of
Ten
Englishmen
some
so
I have
spend
to
me
now.
it who
leave
pashas
here
young
say
deal, and
help
to
which,
spend,
to
money
great
corps
thought
The
weather
shall
we
of
India
capital
before
in
help
though
training.
way
will
English
three
blessing
never
million
from
officers
COTTON
got
much,
not
right good
ARTHUR
sense
the
to
as
path
arrive
thick
LETTERS
as
FROM
Gladstone
Mr.
ever.
chsLnce,
clear
to
and
did
really
Gladstone
domestic
the
no
had
long
letter,
and
is
the
to
words
medan
Moham-
to
of
of
Mr
leave
to
sympathy
in
which
I cannot
orders
is
on
Captain's
work
ways,
spite
going
go
here.
subject
the
gets
were
in
work
is
friends
Believe
in
we
not
are
to
Hard
kind
more
we
great
duty.
if
somehow,
kind
This
soldier's
ever
one
that
for
if he
corrupt, unrighteous,
little heart
you
511
utterly
I know
old
have
Submission
good
itself.
believe
desolation.
write.
I disbelieve
Radicals,
thank
to
determined,
all the
I should
I have
seems
their
to
I not
and
^SyP^f
SCOTT-MONCRffiFF
reforming
fall back
would
C.
all out.
us
country
they
SIR
than
I.
surely
solace,
great
my
and
this
Forgive
me.
Yours
C
very
sincerely,
C.
SCOTT-MONCRIEFF.
11.
Sept.
Cairo,
It
is
often
true,
as
harder
Egypt
had
you
than
have
had
the
delta
in
an
in
few
weeks.
made
night
heat.
The
best
easily
; and
then
help
to
really doing
that
the
and
say
we
I think
would
had
under
well
Government
for
do
that
we
are
be
more
sure
honest
face
to
not
are
we
and
does
home
the
our
to
opposition
trouble
have
on
going
with
land
Port-
old
think
I
speak
not
the
England
your
I
and
; a
cheaply
guidance.
English
at
all
thatl
hadn't
You
got
during
from
of
be
Trieste
about
benefit
the
and
trouble,
day
required
quent
conse-
could
from
got
materials
our
and
no
gave
than
be
we
as
we
us.
once
could
stone
carried
light
you
machinery,
pumps
pleasanter
much
as
railway
electric
far
of
steam
leave
it must
the
part, I think.
in
we
what
over
materials,
more
hand
Europe,
to
nearness
dozen
work
light
in
procuring
Our
cement
Till
in
labour.
advantage
is
reforming
other
the
On
enormous
days,
and
patching
originating.
facilities
skilled
that
say,
1890.
7,
and
ence
experiEgypt
only
is
regret
honestly,
out
the
country.
call
forth,
French.
The
French
It
SIR
512
thwart
us
been
in
did
abolition
of
We
unskilled
has
been
I
for
remedying
the
when
that
skardii,
of
special
Nile
flood
you
far
But
the
that
which
and
He
most
has
it is
only
step
big
has
blessed
us.
Yes,
job.
blessed
our
thank
much
Thank
you
in
work
He
again
it has
very
me,
Yours
very
Colin
the
that
if
encouragement
Believe
Eg}rp-
actual
not
Nile
of
is
with
fully recognise
of
his
this, I think,
Him.
selfishly
CoL
the
storage
and
I
capable
in-
this
made
years
the
left
command,
distress,
be
must
1888,
be
to
nightmare
supply,
humbly
and
the
means
therefore
has
three
or
by
summer
lamely
kind
two
bringing
great
Almighty
can
we
poorly
your
oft
him,
the
increase
to
in
see,
in
apt
in
assistants)
to
the
had
and
flood,
This
suppose.
on
is
all
which
care
we
second
haunted
be
next
the
may
other
as
of
1884.
may
Egypt
excellent
trust
fail
may
such
Upper
Indian
and
the
all
to
you
you
1887,
by
pounds
etc,
and
up
as
notes
in
of
My
old
fellah,
floods
valley
my
Our
water
had
we
longer
no
famine.
not
of
the
mean
embankments,
corv6e
more
is, uncovered
study,
will
two
tillage.
(one
Ross
the
defective
long
gives
thousand
dredging),
unpaid
to
you
hundred
some
by
boon
flood
big
on
tian
(except
great
one
done
which
Barrage.
canals,
repairing
sending
am
four
now
performed
a
the
fifteen
have
we
reform,
put
it for
over
nothing
oppose
just
has
corv^.
and
was
get
in
debt
effsctually
so
won't
than
even
labour
labour
Egypt
to
of
have
they
best
annually
clearing
on
their
.the
spend
conversion
S3anpathised
satisfaction
more
that
have
They
COTTON
which
wheels,
They
here.
Yet
in
the
years.
me
seriously.
very
concluded
spoke
ARTHUR
sincerely,
Scott-Moncrieff.
for
Egypt,
knows
how
been
done.
heartily
for
SIR
514
had
and
dislike
no
compel
of
many
On
beautiful
the
on
AiÛshire
his
enjoyed
where
coast,
had
we
rambles
and
hospitality
William's
Sir
Ballinakill,
at
deck.
the
desert
to
guests
stayed
we
place
often
before
William's
would
which
weather
rough
to
even
Sir
return
our
COTTON
ARTHUR
amongst
heather.
the
father, in spite of
My
walks
used
say
demurred
:
this
rain
of
to
one
could
be
obtained
the
river
navigation,
Tib
the
(a
fully
of
to
and
and
Donald
North-
West
civilization.
from
of
his
at
opinions
every
on
had
he
though
he
whereas
command,
nected
con-
William's
Sir
as
of
opening
missions
of
his
for
emplo)rment
Scotland.
and
strong,
my
steamers
farther
progress
clearly expressed,
the
was
AFRICA.
NORTH-WEST
Mackenzie,
Africa
One
for
its
the
interesting correspondence
Mr.
written
tant
dis-
men.
very
with
view
with
as
the
expeditions,
Church
Free
such
slave-dealer),the
DEVELOPING
his
the
to
correspondence
subjects^
States^ and
leisure
busiest
of
Stanley's
terse
abundant
moment
across
"
would
beautiful
even
guiding
go,
whence
sea,
constant
notorious
the
were
subject
and
lose
us
would
near,
variety
Congo
with
letters
land
in
was
regarding
of
he
Away
summits
let
Don't
he
come
he
which
To
raining.
was
will
who
long
how
remember
well
ramble,
take
to
Ireland.
of
father
up
nothing.
of
William
Tippoo
for
day."
party
Sir
it
is
delicious
coast
off
am
that
The
'*
reply
sides.
mountain
"
to
Some
of
the
on
used
weather,
stormy
of
the
general
more
lucidity
of
the
issue
retirement,
benefits
letters
it
workings
as
well
of
father's
my
in
view,
and
^n
advanced
even
taking
and
given
its
subject,
here,
highly
with
his
as,
bitious
am-
and
document,
mind,
during
this
to
as
unique
age;--.
on
commerce
be
may
forms
always
at
of
relating
reading,
expression,
suggestions^
illustrates
the
possibilitiesof
the
on
carried
also
was
tical
prac-
period
of
OPPORTUNITffiS
IN
North-West
To
Sir,
"
am
the
glad
very
There
know
this
at
are,
of
Africa,
Central
there
properly divided
Chad
to
the
following
under
Col.
of the
Khedive
White
Nile,
Gordon,
the
of
two
private Expeditions,
4th, the
part
east
coast,
Sth,
the
the
east
Church
coast,
of
left Lake
Lieut
ytb,
westward,
the
mouth
the
to
the
exploring up
of
given
have
you
It
the
long
wild
route
desert
Coast
and
'
nto
This
my
given.
that
letter
hands
Congo,
2,000
the
by
as
half
west
in
that
on
the
Nyassa,
that
he
west
has
coast,
with
9th, the
for
now
from
which
had
coast,
Tanganyika
way
near
Society's
Expedition
Lake
to
3rd,
received
be
the
to
this
of
undertakings
plain, obvious,
to
simple
various
through
and
Timbuctoo,
and
long circuitous
addressed
was
all human
unhealthy
most
and
2nd
and
the
east
lately gone
the
purpose
Expedition
of.
miles
Tripoli
"
last
Congo
river ; and
that
of
if in almost
of
on
direction,
Lake
to
Mission
the
of the
Mombaze,
heard
heard
last
German
account
an
from
through
basm
tried before
be
to
was
as
seems
the
of
the
authority
Geographical
we
nothing
we
8th,
which
Stanley's Mission
whom
of
lake
the
to
coast
Mr.
the
may
Lake
source
chiefly to
are
of
ist" that
exploring
near
Mission
down
pass
slavery
Italian, for
6th,
of
known
have
we
months;
to
that
Scotland
Cameron,
Tanganyika
in
slaves
starting;
now
but, unhappily,
twelve
of
Church
trade
Mission
England
liberated
the
where
Free
Mission
of
tion
opera-
from
viz.
to,
the
believe
etc.
at
African
of
streams
great
in
Africa
that
^viz.,
great lakes
slave
the
that
portions
two
Central
"
for
come.
establishingthe
of
purpose
the
the
refer
now
actually
Niger,
the
of
time
the
Expeditions
of
west
Expeditions
destroying
one
three
basin
about
Egypt
and
east
cating
advo-
paper
is
land
North
south.
your
now
up
516
Surely
nine
either
opening
the
for
of
and
others)
into
the
are
in
article
than
less
and
the
and
of
able
Expedition.
the
for
be
The
Editor
an
are
again
Nile,
no
^the north
"
the
terribly oppressed
that
in preparation
or
Expedition.
see
moment^
(probably
of
AFRICA
African
African
North-West
emancipation
the
to
N.-W.
to
the
of
the
over
up
newspaper,
name
plan
while
States
from
sickly route
Bedfordshire
catting only, without
barbarous
that
other
Thus,
one.
States, and
savage
and
every
the
the
and
paper
and
Gold
tains,
moun-
Niger,
comes
being
SIR
5id
it seems
which
is not
great bend,
tribes
used
long
centuries,
for
years
also
by
ago
has
sea
the
sent
state, besides
its
miles
which
into
point
The
in
practicable people
ground
neutral
settlements
French
the
Bogador
is
uninhabited,
sea, and
obtained
is
there
that
and
there
into
canal,
that
or
line
by
at
also
that
shelter
the
point
near
so
many
for
At
the
that
of
dangers
finds
and
it such
and
by
the
footing being
and
mission
certain
way
level
of
sea,
the
Niger
be
and
this
dty
and
the
past
passed perhaps
light
very
rail
or
in
only difiiculty
myself
travelled
excepting
I
found
mention
the
on
difficulties,
though
coast
of
amount
Timbuctoo^
great
none
by the
up
should
litde
but
ourselves,
they picked
to
of
Juba
up
extraordinary
its way
north
the
us,
be
is
coast
quite
have
drink.
most
all the
the
for
of herbs
conveying
the
the
coast
road
The
of
on
the
may
by
to
far
the
with
reported
of.
of
times
but
and
meat
by
seems
of
nearest
races
Capes
It
present
water
on
speaking
am
the
hundred
the
thrown
below
at
water,
is
by
Morocco,
between
quantity
vessels
expense
enormous
through
for
manufactures
European
of the
both
that
its pre"
is the
mercantile-
point
either
about
as
prospect
distance
sea.
^the small
them
serving
overflows
places
two
or
"
is
that
Arabia, carrying
one
way
the
be
to
in
camels
the
from
afterwards
letting in
appears
distance
obtained
for
and
by camels,
sandbank
difficulty.
intermediate
The
several
of
English
an
serious
actually
of
between
space
high water-shed
no
the
communi-
shown
part
kingdom
the
portion of this is
river
the desert.
first
the
is
the
desert, but
at
that
That
there
for
plain direct
Timbuctoo,
to
any
Africa.
the
that
there
without
represented
merely
as
so
somewhere
settlement
that
represented
in
be
delta
are
of
and
south
showing
is peifectly healthy;
there
it is south
of the
mouth
the
West
the
perfect
hollow
long
there
desert
in
in
to
or
brought
be
at
country
the
of
is a
can
sea
certainly
seems
there
coast
The
borders
the
the
of the
England.
to
(as
tried
urged fifty
difficulties,
even
from
all
is certamly
concurs
offering a possibilityof
have)
we
This
have
savage
of and
settled
the
routes,
England, though
attempted.
free
most
these
talked
had
of
through
while
who
we
miles
Gambia,
been
line from
been
if
ultimately,
information
of the
have
information
incomparably
hundred
some
mountains;
of
voyage,
never
it is
cation
mouth
direct
the
all the
shortest, and
within
intelligentmerchant
an
Morocco,
the
from
lofty range
COTTON
navigable
that
over
involving
of
and
and
ARTHUR
in
spite
distances,
no
and
measure
THE
of
the
NORTH
traffic
there
the
secured,
If we
thus
and
to
the
on
provinces
comparison
that
by
wanted
for
whole
fertile
any
of
the
is to
find
basin
of
and
countries;
plan
other
some
hitherto
the
no
seems
these
full
adjoining
there
tried.
the
for
means
trade,
brought
be
to
certainly
there,
slave
and
accomplishing
of
routes
new
northern
Niger
the
distance
premises
influence
wholesome
and
hundred-fold.
practicable
the
of
is yet
opened
were
mission
and
6*7
overcome,
one
or
very
source
the
this
between
twenty-
commercial
every
of
were
proposed
now
within
very
TRADE
obstacles
increase
the
way
and
line
Timbuctoo
at
the
SLAVE
if all
if the
establish
strike
open
bear
to
and
be
would
bring
to
seem
that
traffic
of England,
we
would
indication
sure
AFRICAN
objects
is
What
of
exploration
and
now
this
line.
I
mention
may
depression,
being
of
open,
Suez
of
but
hope
The
truth
Coomassie
have
to
try
any
light
into
their
aid
for
asking
for
route,
miles
for
and
British
of
Donald
the
the
bar
the
end
nordi
interest
of
if
the
with
an
help
to
I cannot
forward
find
of
I have
bring
and
bring
is
my
for
space
what
is
obtained
now
Timbuctoo
only
this
lend
in
attempt
done
being
millions
of
any
excuse
within
open
yours
will
respecting
effectually
by twenty
Christian
enterprise
grand
such
anxious
us
readers
your
in
people,
make
to
Africa
in
missionaries
the
of
but
that
abstract
remain,
the
blessing,
to
would
enterprise, occupied
thus
cannot
take
England,
and
state
in this
information
of
the
and
kindness
the
fully opened
fortnight
of
trust
project,
activity,
captivity of
God's
I
of
hopeful
new
people.
obediently,
Arthur
7.
into
countries.
Mackenzie
have
day
and
purpose
idea
before,
places.
readers
and
realising
June
sea
through,
case
noUe
diis
of
years
plan, under
dark
to
your
which
The
you
Africa,
four
obtained
can.
supply
to
the
never
Mr.
in
oppressed
us
to
they
the
cut
the
more
in these
hopeful
way
in
no
gracious
gives
these
of
God's
of
account
we
letting of
prevent
shown
importance
it is
that
as
to
been
know
greater
and
peace
that
say
one
nothing
has
as
the
to
respect
CanaL
I must
nor
is
there
kept
the
with
Cotton.
this
2,300
field
COTTON
ARTHUR
SIR
5i8
TEMPERANCE
The
blue
which
ribbon
appears
to
This
that
interest
he
heard
he
servant,
have
the
of
immediate
said
alcohol
he
was
or
two
compelled
refused
the
last
Many
be
*'
health,
activity,
all
alcoholic
like
and
of your
He
the
own
that
clear
life,it
of
difficult
to
rapidity
reading.
he
thing
pass
not
not
it
put
his
his
During
and
his
speaking,
he
stood.
to
India,
to
manner
old
ing
wear-
would
his
preserve
live
can
man,
say,
"why
Take
my
You
lips.
at
strictly repudiating
by
name,
would
the
persistent
way
an
he
death-bed
supported
where
crutch
your
mouthful
stimulant
chair,
I,
twice,
or
take
to
tasted
never
will
should
advice,
glad
be
by-and-by."
carefully
most
and
the
He
his
interest, and,
he
topics
thoroughly
make
of
with
general
interest
conversant
master
his
memory
last
week
of
to
would
with
for with
any
his
adding
each
mastered
him,
It
possessed.
himself
as
the
to
in conversation
information
drink,
thoroughly
even
respecting
statistics
of
consequences
trustworthy,
could
If
too," he
such
aroused
find
good
'^
comments.
and
not
was
his
and
require
amazing,
was
amount
mind
and
notes
the
to
will
once
warmly
indicated
on
he
On
the
fatherly
hard
collect
consumption
him
life he
drinks.
abstinence
question
very
you
would
I
Do
when,
other
starting
work
let the
never
Turning
death
always, by
"
in
his
it,and
boy
; and
him
his
except
taking
man,
young
of
any
his
Ribbon
by
without
had
which
away.
faintness.
or
often
town
Blue
warned
luncheon,
at
drink
this.
around
of
of
years
in the
of the
those
brandy
cause,
meetings
of
decanter
form,
attack
an
thirty
temperance
results
day
or
by
touch
to
the
temperance.
sitting
Remember
the
to
shape
during
when,
in
sary
neces-
more."
hour
in any
day
father,
my
scarcely
interested
the
again.
any
that
it
neighbourhood.
Take
**
me
table
From
tragic story
of
portrait
renders
much
was
it before
on
he
from
in his
occurred
frontispiece,
dated
the
in
shown
as
say
WORK.
was
of
notice
have
which
the
book
his
the
been
his
greatest
worth
SPECIAL
OFFER
OF
Although
he
a
the
was
friends
he
saying
right
him,
said
Danby
wished
suppose
been
inclined
the
opened
the
Indian
difference
from
Indeed
it
Kistna
the
Irrigation
Works
him
specially
for
or
friction
resistance
through
which
canoe^
lived
near
himself^
up
the
The
of
and
the
resistance
sail
tried
new
to
as
in
mentioned,
open
and
obscure
to
canal
prodigious
vidual
indi-
obscure
Government"
Godavari,
individual.
of
power
boats
on
passing
as
to
thing
every-
the
shape,
new
who
interesting
think
to
double
friend
the
new
speed.
canals,"
simple
waters,
the
the
of
very
used
afresh,
in
meets
boat
lessen
to
was
lake
were
we
of
brass-covered
the
led
navigation
designing
on
hazardous
items, viz., the
three
water,
before
to
be
no
in
effect
great
Tanjore,
vessel
experiments
rather
but
the
object
produced
to
His
His
whidi
used
us.
had
surface,
he
have
views
an
the
the
to
canals.
He
water.
regard
attention
suited
been
DESIGNING.
with
much
devote
to
"
zeal
intense
the
me
have
such
by
of
was
BOAT
His
had
from
creator
would
doubtless
have
comes
from
It
heterodox
my
recognised
man
but
does,
would
in
hear
not
should
makes
It
matter
it
as
perhaps,
question.
whether
or
and
would,
was
address
offered
they
publish
to
me
did
which
appointed.
Had
it,
accept
Either
my
Commission
for
way
England.
upon
to
Gibson
I
for
General
not,
as
my
sion,
Commis-
Sewage
answer.
was
line.
my
Navigation
much
else
somebody
of
but,
me,
to
accept
could
I
Mr.
gave
to
the
immediate
thought
write
to
out
Thames
he
relates
He
could
they
of
office, of
applied
Gibson
President
Party*
in
were
Minister.
whether
an
Liberal
the
Liberals
Milner
Seymour
he
have
of
of
Cabinet
required
M.P.,
the
know
to
appointment
Balfour,
whilst
"Mr.
London
PRESIDENCY.
supporter
from
thus:
in
the
case
not
was
519
COMMISSION
recipient,
incident
me
compliment
great
the
he
COMPLIMENT
that
friction
he
wrote,
resistance
due
on
to
the
of
'*
is made
displacing
the
surface
piling
of
as
the
SIR
520
boat
The
square
of the
first is calculated
the
miles
a
per
half
in
pounds
hour^ the
resistance
to
that
on
plates of hard
on
with
line
this,and
friction*
no
found
not
than
An
in
experiment
friction
from
surface
with
of
of
The
fifteen
deck
and
inches,
be
that
greater
would
be
been
settled
by
both
resistance
same
whefiier
the
on
the
is
the
on
feet
same
entrance
steamers
Go-
by twenty-four,
in
the
and
of six to one,
can
lessened
be
rectangular
are
and
have
transverse
surface, perfectly fiat in the bottom,
vertical entrance
piling,I
the
twenty-four
and
that
showed
friction
also
large
bow,
double
be
to
would
the
is the
entrance,
the
on
if the entrance
has
surface
imperfect data
the
less
about
ing
by apply-
experiments;
respect, viz.,that
hundred
one
be
point
horizontal
drawing
section
ratio
displacement
angle
or
davari,
and
and
and
vertical
this
But
from
friction
the
painted
the
trials
resistance
or
one-
accuratelyjoined,
the
run
above,
important
of
is when
plane.
from
doubt
if the
and
increased.
the
stated
six, no
bow,
to
For
about
usually done
as
six, it is found
cakulations
I have
to
one
the
on
rough
As
I have.
its
investigation
any
make
only
This
experimental
the
on
tion
fric-
miles, and
surface
bronze
heads.
one
surface
considerablyreduced
parallel to
of
plane,
surface
half
and
its
be
to
in
half
two
to
The
of
phospho
screw
entrance
an
there is
be
probably
countersunk
moves
and
two
ordinary coppered
an
this would
with
foot
foot
square
at
at
perpendicular
by experiment
per
iron,moving
thick
and
length
same
run.
"
These
the
is
pound
and
two
foot
square
square
per
ascertained
line
pounds
been
or
but
on
at
plying
multi-
section
midship
resistance
fifteenth of
wood
of the
area
the
by
of entrance,
length
to
for the
thirteen
has
the
quotient by
durteen
by dividing
breadth
miles, moving
being
half
ratio of
feet
square
COTTON
ARTHUR
cost
boats
of
sides
of
been
carriageon
special reason
inasmuch
have
as
the
for
complete
shallow
giving
it would
the
river ; and
.same
probably
canal, there
in
success
being
form
reduce
no
to
the
lateral
redudng
think
canal
wave
pressure
there
boats,
on
the
from
SIR
522
self."
He
remark
It
he
and
anxious
if she
already
had
one
these
1"
she
his
take
Her
missionary,
district
upon
his
for
missionary
machine
who
knew
and
how
father's
My
always
was
could
broken
father
my
to
but
So
for
when
to
tricycle
the
given
she
riding
to
go
the
back
came
to
away
the
friend
'
invention
the
out
what
misfortune,
compelled
was
prevailed
it.
for
genius
he
for
his
about
getting
accident,
serious
ing
find-
excellent
She
patent
cycle
an
tricycle,
be
to
eventually
use
working
the
arm.
was
done, how
be
that
day,
one
with
hospital
such
of
afforded.
proved
with
met
of
in
and
the
up
to
mental
experi-
my
exhausted,
give
to
he
as
built
complete
means
him
kindness
to
him
all
not
pitiful story
better
send
not
and,
were
was
to
him
him
be
implored
fiiey
for
however,
donkey-cart
to
happened,
time
was,
needed
father
intended
to
told
who
than
my
the
she
had
Rome
long
not
will
anxious,
very
falls, she
''
was
persuade
not
sake,
own
me
patience
could
bad
perilous rides,
reply
is
motiier
your
only
cycle
my
was
what
two
or
His
; it will
mother
heard
The
ot
accident."
this
my
she
had
ones.
brake
afraid
am
of
hope
full
face
fall
the
by
''I
was,
"I
true
when
discontinue
day
made
his
plight,
bruised
arms
knows
quite
was
COTTON
wretched
then,
alarmed,
say
his
and
that
spoilt";
in
was
scratches,
ARTHUR
**
"
ifs
life.
of
it would
wonderful
He
extraordinary.
was
be
**
If
I"
and
so
his
was
so
tinual
con-
remark.
AN
PRIMER
ARABIC
Another
greatly
When
student,
word,
was
who
in
with
Armenia,
he
meet
and
during
through
him,
about
speak
;
thus
the
other
the
some
this
working
of
countries
of
composition
English,
time
of
out
he
the
where
Arabic
an
him
hours
every
word
languages,
missionaries
Arabic
an
stay with
to
spent
the
father
my
invited
he
seventy,
sentences
needs
interested
and
occupied
was
was
could
going
to
time
weeks
several
day
this
at
Primer.
ior
that
study
LANGUAGES."
"LIVING
AND
which
Primer,
new
in
Arabic
Persia
is
by
and
spoken.
fflS
This
Arabic
the
Primer
whole
He
theme
had
child
of
study
be
much
very
the
learner
times
mind
of
the
pupil would
perhaps
and
the
touched
would
until
the
almost
secondary
grammar,
language
had,
and
the
by it, to
Thus,
in
the
third
every
tion
acquisi-
requirement
need
certain
that
tion
pronuncia-
in
place
which
to
the
subjects.
The
the
him.
give
"
mastered
thoroughly
five
or
after
possessed
sound
sideration,
con-
would
four
it
"
is, that
would
other
of
being,
be
later
thoroughly
"
it
may
; that
say
so
imparted.
as
upon
be
be
knowledge
looked
word
sentences,
spelling taking
the
and
the
case
repeated
considered,
he
whom
process
country,
time
hundred
one
detail, the
he
for
spelling
of
of
knowledge
exclusion,
in
the
with
languages
sentence
repetition,
and
similar
each
of
native
by
hear
constant
sound
the
facilitated
tongue
sentence
much
of
all modem
of
learning
should
by
This
the
so
"
the
matter
every
as
it up
those
as
learning
mother
picking
adults
or
of
that,
its
from
then.
just
subject
being
grammar,
being
leisure
learns
and
expense,
own
the
by word,
grammar
his
on
world
children
associated, either
the
the
word
and
of
opinion
first without
at
sentence
is
into
comes
orally,and
by
his
523
his
at
much
theories
strong
Languages,"
who
PRIMER
printed
was
occupied
very
"Living
ARABIC
be
not
been
extent,
acquired.
Of
I have
"
'
of
one
been
Pamphlets
It
gives
order
that
I have
could
if
with
I
feel
this
of
quite
of
pamphlets
am
stiff
time
is
naturally
full
now
will
be
sold
of
and
progress
could
one
deaf
ear,
make
far
compared
expression, which,
and
the
follow
that
of
and
small
hopes
be
to
satisfied,judging
man
a
the
in Arabic,
rate
tongue
young
pronunciation
would
sure,
a
a
progress,
matter
with
man,
the
well
been
begin
system
of
idea
have
and
word
of
advertisement
will
subject
remarks
seventy
single
the
definite
perfectly good
method.
the
certain
without
the
of
sale
the
trying
some
old
The
greater.
been
make,
stupid
make
can
obtain
with
that
hopes
great
me
to
man
Languages'
on
discussed.
in
delighted
so
he
pamphlets
before-mentioned
the
that
some
real
adoption
of
hundreds
investigation
SIR
524
will
b^n
of
obstacle
removed,
confusion
and
telegraphy.
gave
them
The
Times
said
the
what
hints,
made
an
the
going
general
the
world
hundred
and
touched
To
by
Soudanese
**I
millions
in
contains
he
Ireland
God
is,
the
filUng
in
is
face
Three
under
a
our
measare,
wrote
the
at
of
time
the
"
glad
so
become
directly
earth
on
to
see
curious
some
peculiarities.
whkh
Grammar,
Beidawi
yoax
had
idea
no
you
had
found
time
vdue.
great
learning
sound
''
by
what
is
neither
has
to
by
seen
the
British
Chinese
army."
spoken
like
should
Cotton
that
If
?
to
try
have
they
our
They
can
only
this.
answer
in
nounce
pro-
Africa,
I
our
'not*
book
your
have
but
had
demoralized
wonderful,
think
and
two
requiring
despise
is
saw
they have,
in
man
never
'political.' Fray
with
sound.
this
in
as
Don't
what
how
is of
It
subject
language
true
whether
severe,
'
say
We
them
Japanese
made
'o'
this
really
it
know
to
wanted.
of
deaf,
in
delighted
am
not
the
as
short
''I
is
utter
'o'
much
common
who
could
our
wanted
'
'
they really
who
many
Is
ear.
fully into
so
and
short
Could
go
how
By
it
of
India
the
to
younger,
were
is
influence."
War:
am
nation
every
this
and
^pifitual.
now
are
it
Tamil,
soon
is
and
temporal
it.
quence
conse-
work
She
of
learning
wonderful
by England
forty
friend
and
it
the
and
It will
that
subject
English,
world
What
fruit
her
learn
to
the
with
and
Etnpress,
obliged
over
languages,
steam
come
the
upon
Englishman
an
language.
in
remark
by
said
inis
more
great
measure
been
have
nothing
learn
of
all
on
accomplishing
of
bat
the
large
have
space
missionaries
cannot
instead
in
be
can
and
excellent
are
satisfied, that
am
tongues
Several
Tamils
is
time
useful
is that
a
of
English
million
of
those
as
COTTON
this
of
and
ARTHUR
beaten
of
cases
the
advice
I
enemy
would
influenza,
same
regiment
aod
it is just
'
is^ the
be
an
To
as
one
stand
honour
The
NILE
NAVIGATION
escape
of
conquest
God
''A
society,
the
and
any
small
already.
of
possibility
I
**
hdp
in
calculated
our
Lord
It
to
and
buy
look
out
for
NILE
They
scarcely
their
for
seem,
deal
good
them.
from
They
are,
the
acknowledge
to
to
me
has
who
not
that
help
any
NAVIGATION
have
If
greatly.
htm
let
sword,
to
adjunct
important
difficulties
would
one,' surely He
lantern
magic
very
Irish
counteract
the
in
brought
seems
said, 'He
coat
and
dared
have
have
you
Ireland.
and
and
accomplished
hope
that
men
the
present,
essential
improvement
glad
am
have
to
considerable
only
at
last
at
way
out
the
up
effectively.
persevering,
are
means,
I have
yet, the
as
they
practical
carry
helpers
taken
has
culture
of
the
of
proof
ocean.
likely "'to
few
very
in
think,
improvement
but
extremely
the
over
525
wonderful
Colonization,
seem
course,
money,
us
Land
farming,
the
of
have,
the
is
Gascayne
given
members-
of-
point
has
of
question
the
GORDON
AND
keep
us
his
sell
sharp
offer.''
may
WOULD
WHICH
SAVED
HAVE
GORDON.
At
the
of
time
Grordon's
General
Soudan,
and^
Arthur
to
Cotton's
dire
such,
He
'"
in
The
to
couU
river
of
the
in
the
had
''
the
When
with
regard
were
occasioning
complete
hindrance
was
engineer
an
solely
irrigation eiîneer
Lord
such
Dufferin
that
an
was
works,
wanted
engineer,
and
simikr
to
spent
nothing
and
there
because
on
ever
what-
was
no
there.
there, he
went
with
been
had
Millions
is that
conversant
exactly
was
case
other
effected,
Expedition,
Soudan
the
The
and
:"
the
been
irrigation.
Barrage
thing
one
has
of
navigation.
delta
follows
as
furnish
not
been
experienced
that
matter
strange
England
that,
newspaper
thing,
one
all this
that
which
of communications
Sir
death.
exercised
much
was
his
of
news
disasters.
wrote
such
mind
slowness
the
the
receiving
on
the
into
journey
to
he
saw
to
India
that
once
E^ypf
restore
sent
at
perity
pros-
for one.
SIR
526
I
and
believe
turned
the
has
been
publicly
results
had
What
with
conversant
And
really
show
to
of
charge
'*
side
officers
one-tenth
of
the
of
who
had
spent
the
the
the
experience
by rail, without
cost
engineer
an
the
who
is
river
under
in such
work.
of
would
anything
Nile
following
miles
hundred
work.
in.
Take
river, which
navigable
of
engineer
an
the
promised
bring
to
placing
no
two
on
that
once
work.
consequence
Millions
1st
the
by
the
such
for
out
called
but
nothing
navigation,
with
at
Moncrieff
water-wheels
thrown
but
the
effected
of
been
is wanted
in
been
before
been
has
expense^
community
even
Nothing
work
else
conversant
facts
the
suck
nothing
effective
into
this?
caused
The
water
Scott-
Thousands
already
have
the
already
the
by
him.
trifling
Colonel
obtained,
granted
engines
has
delta, and
has
at
raising
revolution
thanked
he
been
has
account,
in
the
part
steam
"
of
great
million
and
to
complete
prodigious
he,
had
they
man
arrived,
man
ablest
the
sent
Barrsê
canals, and
in
they
such
moment
COTTON
ARTHUR
railway,
at
convey
spent
the
on
river.
2nd.
"
drew
and
for
unfitted
carried
in
be
seven
the
carried
^
by
4th.
railway,
their
in
toum
Khar-
to
side
paddles,
utterly
way
every
to
convey
sent
was
if
as
just
carry,
as
made
happened
when
India,
into
was
was
steamer
it
out,
Indians
ê
"
heads.
was
rocks,
To
Sth.
steamer
of
money
removing
"
the
on
on
No
had
believe,
wheel-barrows
them
conveyed
miles,
eight
or
carried, instead
introduced
we
water,
small
pieces
had
river.
When
''Srd.
to
of
Gordon
that
fieet of
six
speed
boat
The
laid
out
the
improving
on
river
etc.
force
up
the
river
boats
rowing
were
out,
sent
eight
"
How
away,
force
can
thousands
worked
miles
ten
or
carried
and
of
solely
up
a
of
day,
fifteen
bear
to
others,
and
we
because
there
the
river
while
hundred
think
thousand
ten
single
steamer
at
men
could
have
Gordon
and
men.
fiiat the
millions
was
by
of
nobody
lives
of
were
money
who
was
thrown
conversant
with
such
with
stem
river
drawing
only,
such
twenty
carried
This
'*
to
year
begged
with
communicating
flotilla
time
had
twelve
that
long)
last
this
why
twenty-five
however,
the
Gordon
solely by
the
help
what
not
be
may
one
measures
of
also
are
the
taken,
by
twenty
feet
hear
that
the
if
speed,
and
river
If,
drawing
rocks
removing
am
had,
he
steamers,
low
months
that,
too
at
speed.
many
steamers
can
but,
of
want
for
with
improve
to
stream,
of
stem"wheel
though
the
Who
I
from
ordered,
been
clumsy
with
even
Khartoum
the
done
feet,
two
or
hold
and
his
on.
that
months
year
defect
essential
and
Alexandria.
last
have
could
been
informed
was
two
at
done
steamers
afraid, all with
flotilla
Parliament,
again,
hundred
one
were
not
was
munication
com-
have
of
member
In
(of
they
been
would
of
speed
constant
there
official, he
steamers
in
force
ordered.
ordered,
were
imagine
been
now
having
forward
matter
an
steamer
one
difficulty.
friend,
this
had
527
been
been
whole
the
least
the
bring
and
try
have
and
steamers,
without
up
there
foot, and
one
should
we
MISTAKE
Had
Khartoum,
with
of
navigation
wheel,
miles
twenty
RAILWAY
SUAKIM
THE
trating
concen-
the
at
same
time?
have
*'
not
them,
of
accounts
the
seen
experience
on
the
navigation
can
be
*'
At
1st.
that
established
read
numerous
from
assert,
my
eflective
thoroughly
:"
below
far
have
confidentiy
can
Godavari,
cost
and
but
rapids,
that
of
hundreds
of
miles
oi
railway.
*'
"
2nd.
To
To
3rd.
Soudan,
require
carry
the
import
to
steamers
have
on
distracted
the
established
''The
would,
that
and
Suakim
first,be
river
the
gives
miles
when
in
eflective
Railway
his
that
Had
first
rule
over
was
utterly impossible
the
to
just
and
Gordon
had
whole
complete
to
protect
the
vast
line, will
up
the
intelligent
eflective
he
government,
the
transit.
takes
England
and
peace
country.
railway
quantities
thousand
export,
of
cost
enormous
two
and
effectively
matter
rule
at
extending
in
one-tenth
carry
could
region.
mistake.
it
It
Nothing
SIR
528
the
in
world
desert,
as
we
It could
hdpless
so
in
see
tlie
cany
at
quantities
that
not
the
or
is
''It is
proposed
cost
thousand
geographical
that
Nile-
ou^t
could
this
no
doubt
Khartoimi
great
weirs
built
are
whole
of
of
the
two
fers:
trans-
from
the
great
the
river
if
ton,
that
improved,
certainly,
and
mouAs
the
at
is
the
shillings
ten
river
of
brought
be
for
year,
eight
valley
besides
is
Alexandria
the
of
the
conld
the
hundred
London,
to
down
goods
three
one-twentieth
this
And
that
purpose
is
r^^lating
for
Idces,
the
year.
The
Not
less, when
part
Calcutta
conveyed
cost
or
much
for
probably
for
Cairo
to
be
the
for this
ton
miles.
to
bear
have
"2
from
carrsring
lakl.
already
answer
requires.
case
charge
miles
would
that
cost
few
the
in
especially
railway,
of
the
miles, the
goods
as
case
to
of
COTTON
ARTHUR
of
cost
smalt
greatly improving
with
compared
tthe
that
obstacles
worst
of
that
railwajrs,
be
can
would
be
feel
and
removed
at
quite
sure
quite
cost
insignificant"
foUowing
The
reference
beam
tions
actual
to
have
steamers
of
the
more,
little
send
that
has
small
had
for
or
miles
but
cannot
being
quite
alteration
Nile
complete
should
Gordon,
communica-
wliat
have
the
ever
high
it
have
enough
would
in
carry
their
them
on
really
are.
by
seen
by
of
Tlie
have
twdve
vibration,
With
frames.
up
them
it?
about
great
an
Could
and
for
of
report
run
inches
power
obliged
vray.
part
account
on
been
speed
eighteen
they
rapids
that
in
considerable
any
strong
and
much
engineering
any
they
so
the
of
account
be
experience
use
tbey
and
idea
draw
ten
me
draught
steamers
of
speed
rapids,
out
year,
Godavari
not
the
of
up
get
distinct
no
make
cannot
to
could
if you
you
who
or
those
of
engineer
all
opening
wished
long
state
them.
I
the
to
General
to
"
I have
"
written
letter,probably
very
severe
ARTHUR
SIR
530
remaining
unused,
while
their
nothing
less
use^
population
vast
of
Word
It
God.
that
Egypt
the
India,
grand
are
have
of
some
that
things
The
"
bear
hope^ coming
India
old
but
them,
on
oracle
of
having
they
forward
comes
that
railway
tried
twelve
for
hear
of
"
works
1st
The
stone,
be
cheaper
of
dams
to
large
the
pass
such
"By
talent
and
good
"
blocks
round
means
as
for
such
But
"
if
been
all
month
the
we
for
its
work."
your
:
"
which
the
blocks
by large
powerful
is used,
apparatus
than
of
would
also
which
stream,
blocks
be
can
dynamite.
small,
the
cost
former.
rough
places, throwing
some
stream,
building
and
stone
locks
them.
these
work
to
of
channels
in the
across
boats
navigation
year.
in
Probably
3rd.
side
has
working
rocks,
pounds
large
saved
own
the
by
suggestions
dangerous
work,
being
up
millions
"
the
work
ways
^rail-
"
their
prosper
concentrate
to
fight
hopeful
is
at
now
idol
Every
God
is
and
mile,
his
smaller
closing
to
that
few
inexpensive
breaking
"
of
cost
as
very
it is
for
of
so
of
many
hard
canal
now.
continues
blasting
The
2nd.
"
are
are
find
when
upon
abundantly
required
the
at
he
letter
The
done
He
reading
sixty
wonderfully
Africa
May
another
"
How
proof
your
and
"20fiOO
cost
new
emancipation.
In
has
the
railways
their
up
hundred
insists
years.
some
it is
give
to
one
and
Like
that
will
terribly puzzled
Central
for
prospects
bear
are
for
there
there^
issue, but
an
spent
for
improvement
cannot
party
after
"
to
and
see
you
the.
Egypt
upon
internal
of
to
which
in
papers,
equally
question
length,
the
late
my
of
engineer.
offer
to
that
thing
is water,
compelled
b^
of
up
unfortunate
Egypt
upon
influences
railway
been
hanging
rapid opening
most
of
mistake.
complete
the
was
is
wholesome
the
treasure
railway engineers
the
than
employed
they
what
I remember
all
to
COTTON
an
would
Khartoum
engineer
very
for
soon
most,
of
some
experience
effect
perfectly
all, of
if not
the
excellent
use
can
certainly
be
made
of
the
river,
HENRY
SIR
in
even
steamers
its
present
are
used, carrying
foot
draught,
and
twenty
twenty
when
there
be
board
with
Godavari,
offer
to
this
of
the
and
Cotton's
theories
Henry
read
to
to
last
look
returning
it to
must
at
to
are
the
efforts
still
soon
bring
in
chester
Man-
tical
prac-
welfare,
the
vast
great
leave
for
London.
capitaL
everlasting Gospel,
lives
which
of the
pray
and
Him
alone
people.
Picot
is
Deeds
of
in that
dark
chiefs
for
is
the
his
and
land.
To
sealed
spite
prevent
introduction
capable
my
painfully
cruelty
that, in
to
in
on
hermetically
God
me
gave
calling
letter
His
it were,
by
opened
Mr.
by
morning
pleasure
for
you
parts.
king
by
that
to
made
salvation.
kindly
you
have
gratitude
some
subject. Sir
this
it is,as
may
and
the
early
up
which
being perpetrated
made
be
in
way
hearts
to
the
throughout
on
got
now
Ashanti
of
the
sideration
con-
"
observations
the
the
and
my
appearances
all
the
and
before
all outward
heralds
him
to
interesting, especially
to
while
these
promoting
people
pamphlet
you
the
to
bloodshed
public
pushing
pamphlets
night,
express
visit
recent
the
his
wrote
the
through
attention
of
one
of
of
one
late
up
to
the
on
Africa.
yesterday
"
double
temporal,
Johnstone
I sat
"
and
allusion
In
the
in
object
great
the
was
of
continent
for
preparing
before
navigation
on
it worth
subject
are
could
power
matter
think
the
London."
Arthur
spiritual
who
all
up
much
this
in
the
on
more
difficulty
as
may
clumsy
not
ran
What
you
papers
the
in
this
with
fifty times
gentlemen
Nile
of
speed
sails, probably
low.
hope
other
the
of
subject
Sir
but
with
one
hundred
one
up
experience
long
I cannot
on
can
and
went
and
was
with
so
effective
only
steamer
wheel
but
of wind,
river
had
they
in
he
nothing
steamers
Having
"
power
stern
that
writes
the
if
mites.
T.H.P.
30
or
rapids,
with
long,
with
H.P,
53t
state,
the
all
1,500
twenty-five
boats
20
unimproved
or
engineer
country
than
i,ooo
feet
or
"One
JOHNSTONE
of
it,
of
of changing
I thank
"
crown
efforts
your
At
this
opening
time
Society
the
Arabian
It is
the
of
of
deep
the
at
south
hundred
seven
and
for
railway.
the
accompanied
whole
alluvium
without
hundreds
of
ground
as
clear,
level
"
but
nothing
of
the
requiring
four
in
vast
certain
at
broad,
laid
of
of
tract
of
owing
the
weir
important
these
that
of
as
in
occur
about
Godavari,
the
which
required
and
one
three-
embankments.
with
manner,
will
India,
be
of
as
ought
also
to
refer
to
the
great
point brought
it
culable
incal-
value.
"I
of
works
the
Euphrates,
for
besides
capable
and
to
witii
compared
communication
of
requires
it
such
rains
of
masonry,
make
millions,
local
size
earthen
journey,
one-fourth
of
the
the
on
country
to
Madras,
broad,
dry
sea.
expense
small
the
of
that, for
literallybe
scores
heavy
almost
tract
the
the
in
for
so
Euphrates
for
the
only
waterways,
the
of
viz.,
crosses
miles
on
in
Damascus
line, and,
weeks
for
of
it
between
vast
an
miles
line
second
be
to
tons
of
miles
''This
at
yards
million
one
quarter
would
and
which
this
irrigation
hundred
instance,
just
from
provision
no
Carnatic,
three
all
cut
delta
great
the
be
might
valley,
soon
Gulf,
absolute
or
that
population
difficulty
hundred
might
was,
like
that
canals
bearing
canals
for
add
serious
the
one
to
will
this
was
stones,
There
importance
Tit"erias, leaving
by
rails
to
Damascus
country
caravan
miles, the
regard
and
seven
country
horizon,
may
level
sand,
it is.
only
of
easiest
the
way,
to
Jordan
lake
of
the
surely
the
miles
Busrah,
world
"
of
end
with
fundamental
the
the
of
To
"
Mediterranean
the
depression
himself
Acre
overcoming
the
inter-communications.
of
from
and
in
interested
intensely
Busrah:
line
of
abundantly,
you
addressed
to
behdf
on
I"
by
question
The
connection
the
also
he
completed,
the
was
railway
empire.
be
success
Arts
indeed
bless
Lord
Palestine
labours
all your
witb
he
of
up
the
"
the
May
country.
my
for
sincerely
you
COTTON
ARTHUR
SIR
532
forward
CoL
in
RAILWAY
F/s
of
deposit
also, of
fact
that
line
the
it
material
worth
These
A
India*
of
railway
all the
and
ably
probof
of
the
help
would
to
British
the
effectively into
bring
of
surable
immea-
an
bitumen,
halves
two
use
millions.
things combined,
namely
"
link
connecting
for
with
England
East
2od.
The
giving
"3rd.
The
opening
"
the
certainly
site of
them
across
of
hundreds
of
533
that, independent
so
the
are
state
coal
subsidiary
and
plains
the
connection
three
''1st
of
would
Empire,
"
fueli in
course,
strengthen
these
that
paper,
ARABIA
THROUGH
value
and
access
the
to
field
vast
of
fuel
perhaps,
for
hundred
one
of
the
consideration
be
will
the
that
the
desert
allowed
in
thoughts
"
hope
of
might
only
be
can
this
matter?
add
that
naturally
at
of
harbour
following
The
from
the
that
size
him
very
much,
to
India,
in
offer
as
it
of
which
make
cost, to
required."
father's
my
and
my
requires
Carmel,
be
the
termination
the
of
one
found
to
small
may
for
subject
irrigation
Mount
the
express,
respect
Palestine,
comparatively
any
in
to
from
from
them
be
Acre,
of
port
letters
interested
sentences
of
port
extended
constructed
possibly
presuming
my
the
and
to
can
suitable
and
Arabia,
excuse
breakwater
perfect
of
weight
fluence,
in-
English
by
experience
own
foundations
words
no
could
as
my
to
is
railway,
that
great
as
Arabia
alluvial
rich
of
the
give
of,
population
laying
things
railway
it,perhaps,
May
passage
Arabian
Society's
"
these
the
miles
square
assuredly
Egypt;
an
render
and
for
way
justice throughout
in
as
subject
with
and
peace
the
thousand
combined
country,
of
he
often
spondents
corre-
quoted
"
I.
"
with
I went
my
ejected
to
idea
and
Hit
that
rained
to
see
nearly
down
the
all
upon
bitumen
our
spring
coal
the
is
in
volcanic
vegetation
to
connection
product
which
geo-
think
legists, I
I
the
of
the
be
to
''
of
Babel
built
on
These
the
question
will
be
Babylon
fields
force
must
by
this
"
Moslem
this
rally
one
the
permitted
never
when
at
of
but
have
of
it
quit
to
probably
"
series
Egyptian
Arabia,
Turks
centre
by
the
and
the
some
going.
route
new
acquisition
followed
rally being
was
from
why,
was
Empire
I think,
accomplished,
Europe
the
keep
Turkish
on
this
under
site.
will
of the
state
city
great
that
that
others,
What
origin.
I suspect
fields, and
among
onwards,
coal
''Both
doubt,
the
But
coal
vast
are
no
reasons,
Tower
confirmation.
there
Euphrates
the
solely ascribe
erroneously,
is all in
there
saw
COTTON
ARTHUR
SIR
534
ascus
Damcritical
very
events."
IL
''General
whereas,
I contend,
interests
in the
of
annexation
from
Yeddah,
to
Martini
rifles which,
Persian
port
"
look
safety
of
of
should
between
Canal
and
attempted
"There
British
make
of
enterprise
and
raise.
is
no
India.
at
virtual
of which,
Bedouin
tion,
insurrec-
brisk
going
trade
in
the
through
on
places
oriental
are
fanatics
made
before
is whether
andria
Alex-
the
or
This
that
under
is
But,
Bagdad.
not
equal
have
before
the
either
the
control
not
slight
would
feebler
the
intelligence or
long
as
Suez
have
Arabs
than
pace
of
want
no
and
Turks
coast
the
comparatively
rapid
more
of
question
the
entirely
an
Egyptian
Philistia, quite clear
much
like
be
route,
on
affairs,both
There
the
somewhere
to
to
discussion
of
essential
now
as
certain
politics.
doubt
of
at
for
terminus
opened
to
Mohammedans
hundred
the
European
direction
India, and
points
Said
progress
natives
and
port
Port
the
districts
the
to
been
line
Arabian
of
the
be
British
new
has
of
state
suspect,
I hear,
the
progress
One
long.
coast
Indian
direct
line, with
view,
Mohumra.
upon
and
in
are
dud,
remotely
all the
nearly
the
to
Gulf
Persian
in
Mesopotamia
secondary
are
and
Egypt
of
wants
they
Arabia,
Bahrein
not
the
has
N.
as
Christians
law, and
of
the
revenue.
few
BRITISH
and
the
real
long they
done
his
hand
or
found
of
things
translates
like
'running
and
round,
distinct
as
words.
the
from
of
the
or
in
root
certainly
turn
in
our
attach
not
being
common
word
their
not
was
to
curro,' and
could
it not
Karkara,
now.
Karkara,
Kar,
*
munshis
two
running
dictionary
"
"
Latin
the
you
running
Arabic
in
'
or
the
do
find
My
to
It
noun.
origin
meaning
which
they
and
the
grown
which
to
Hebrew,
in
machines/
word
other
'current,' and
use
of
machine,*
so
bludgeon
beasts'
KURKHUT
20.
same
be
can
with
man
'swift
word
nature
the
by
535
Constantinople,
at
nothing
and
EGYPT
back.
dromedaries/
Exactly
round
the
Ixvi.
the
his
IN
hands
depressed,
at
gun
Isaiah
any
be
districts,except
have
''I
AUTHORITY
is in their
power
must
in the
refer
SOLE
for
dromedary.
"
usual
The
means
Hebrew
word
railway,
in
a
'
from
the
The
suggestive.
'
which,
is M
prophecy,
Sulal/
translators
inclined
am
make
it
'
which
up,
sider,
con-
and
Asulah,
heap
to
to
highway/
is
as
bankment
em-
very
are
you
aware.
''Steamers
Gama.'
'
again
The
latter
vessels, in French,
cloud,' signifying vapour

There
"
are
the
round
but
gets,
large
not
agriculture.
fewer
and
how
As
this
of
On
of
keen
the
from
the
fresh
the
Opium
interest
as
event
question,
to
him,
Egypt
has
he
the
daily
Egypt,
of
become
to
natives
these
by
mails
see
would
is
happened
subject
made
which
father
my
"The
opinion:
in
that
its
one
ideas."
with
his
steaks
subsistence
and
killed
improvement
before
a
European
Authority
political
of
relations
record
tending
out
Vapeurs.'
the
officials
time
Ghaym,
cattle
of
quality
'Kli
"
worthless
an
route
of
'
produce
some
Arabian
British
Sole
to
eaten
stock
on
be
and
aged
European
being
But
distinctly
greatest
markets
With
regards
British
of
nearly enough
are
vampires.
in
number
fewer, it will
they
bring
Hebrew
Arabic
the
possibly
is
the
by
meant
seem
puts
establishment
incomparably
in
was
proposals
long
my
always
of
his
the
life."
one
own
536
SIR
for
the
increase
o(
growth
than
^'I
the
the
are
reminded
for
with
us,
the
is the
has
He
as
of
weight
His
But
blood,
to
hopefully:
pray
It will
mind
be
help
And
be
wholly
that
of
do
this
the
were
was
our
house
of
and
both
one
of
of
his
succour
and
Kings
It
to
show
the
had
took
was
a
quality
and
ordinarily
pride
to
root,
quantity
noticed.
; his
with
eflforts
plant
in
this
of
pared
pre-
everything:
his
Then
him
to
with
he
potatoes,
sight
an
surpassing
Then
to
extraordinary
an
indeed
were
single potato
mistake
with
raspberries.
time
pains
placed
same
after
same
vegetables
of
the
out
them
immense
success.
the
great
it
iveness.
product-
lay
the
at
subject,
its
to
considered
instance,
vegetables
us
and
and
did
and
will
aware
the
trenching
blackberries
He
of
him
to
deep,
He
for
fully
am
soil
Dorking,
flowers
produce
other
the
to
he
gooseberries, and
gardener
of
to-night
questions,
King
remarkable
flavour.
remembered.
that
feet
both
soil, would
crop,
at
blackberries,
turnips,
his
scale.
with
rewarded
currants,
drop
are
promise
the
the
transgressions.'"
our
importance
; afterwards
rich
production
and
measurable
im-
from
one
we
Divine
enjoyment
great
new
too
on
American
size
of
devotion
highly
manuring
the
us
anxious
which
the
to
fashion, three
own
And
all
in
remarks,
some
inadequate
It
his
the
would
of
guilty
delivered
alsa
trust
what
all these
to
dealing
not
demanding
from
ary,
Sanctu-
the
nation,
we
word
for
respecting
trade
this
in
who
were
nation
us
how,
God
to
How
men.
from
any
much
veiy
help
patience
'Deliver
those
to
now
gardens
in
continually
His
believe
on
opium
us
noticed
reverted
and
with
wish
If
slavery, without
bear
can
wrath
rather
"
with
in infinite
of
transgression
dealt
direfttl
man.'
the
tmpovaish
end,
Send
'
of
of the
Who
He,
the
smti-optum
of
place
writes
the
word
not
the
report
of
help
crime
'*
the
that
of
in
He
country^
evidence
vain
in
must,
trust
real
COTTON
revenue
which
cannot
see
be
of
that
enrich
ARTHUR
to
desire
be
the
enormous
anything
would
have
EXPERIMENTS
weighed,
it
that
so
would
produce
the
In
wheat
the
soil, his
the
exactly
acre.
By
"
or
this
to
that
from
terested
in-
he
of this
three
feet
on
could
will
be
found
He
would
deep, pulverising
air
of
grain
problem.
needed
plants
he
one
chapter
out
that
the
what
degrees
found
result
ordinary
two
being
know
He
working
ground
537
agriculture, experimenting
com.
Appendix
*'
theory
per
in
Indian
of his
description
aerate
to
times
seven
CULTIVATION
might
intensely
and
oat%
produce
he
amount
himaelf
wheat,
ON
the
much
as
as
water.
One
there
was
while,
of
summer
neighbourhood,
small
when,
But
pk"ts
five
quite
yet he
like
feet
had
the
this
of the
rest
were
endless.
some
new
His
this
^Your
the
"
can
do
they
possibly
should
altogether
like
improvers,
be
the
be
under
and
in
the
way
question
of
anything
thought
that
whole
should
of
the
practical
Guardian:
"
remarks
on
require
not
real
any
tion
descrip-
from
occasion
vation,
cultithem
to
subject
question
and
else
in
with
that
body
or
of
to
'
the
a
beforehand
of
utterly refuse
improvement,
out
improving
everything
improvement,
resources
and
any
fundamental
why
reason
yet
exception,
without
the
do
vital
it with
working
some
which
take
depth
provide
Manchester
to
this
The
use.
amount
to
on
repeat
beyond
the
The
energy
contained
not
national
should
first is to
to
cultivation,
information
some
My
natural
there
supply.
always
was
perimental
ex-
fared
before, his
everyday
yesterday
great
but
it into
rain
it,and
I said
as
his
wrote
on
as
answer,
of
he
feed
brain
active
of
paper
experiments
give
But,
putting
subject
to
the
luxuriant
cultivatioa
of
mode
sufficient
growth.
sense,
direct
the
in
was
It had
water.
the
regarded
as
the
hay
growing
grass
of
drop
of
abundantly
strong,
one
theory, and, with
common
my
it
fields
been
of
and
in
grass
visited
we
saw
we
of
supply
summer,
garden,
thick
was
had
vigour
his
the
course,
same
given
never
schI
On
in
high,
only difference
of the
that
lack
great
What
dom
king-
success
by
the
agriculturists,
attempt
thing
any-
to
write
even
538
utter
or
word?'
COTTON
ARTHUR
SIR
Nobody
can
possibly
answer
with
the
this
question.
still
And,
'*
intelligence
classes
in
these
more,
and
men
very
and
animals,
their
like
just
doing
perseverance,
improving
are,
utmost
all
other
the
with
same
results.
In
"
passing
along
horses,
cattle, and
eighty
years
precisely
same
did
in
but
''And,
if
never
admitted.
land, and
from
to
And
*'
of
acre
Upon
has
potatoes,
have
is
some
this
we
as
respects
rye
five
whole
been
wheat,
idea
trial, of
about
grass,
what
any
four
and
it would
of
result
pure
same
The
average.
is such
in
crops,
of, for
thought
feet
six
when
year
high,
feet
the
meadows
farm
on
an
stance,
in-
high,
it.
on
a
of
the
exactly
result
be
can
is
is
extent
single grain,
in
soil
soil, which
have
ears
seasons
June
grass
the
could
ninety
^this without
"
The
what
the
below
I do
here
soil
is
crops
advantages
And
the
much
from
to
as
considerable
etc.
one
papers,
certain
the
of
nobody
and
in
of
respect
things,
without
one,
wheat
of
try what
writer, for the
as
seen
ings
meet-
improved
in
crops
state
cultivation.
of
for
improvement
to
poor
by
plant
as
was
the
the
deep,
agricultural
agricultural
experience,
your
hundred
one
crop
word
enrichment
seasons,
a
see
we
crops
granted
are
implements,
very
of
improved
though
any
only change
blade
inches
miserable
same
leading
meet
with
of
before,
''
the
To
effective
imagination
with
the
that
farmer
of
five
or
hedges,
or
cost.
or
produce,
to
spite
four
prizes
circumstances
my
ordinary
as
the
over
hundreds
for
one
read
we
is certain,
not
of
not
thing
is,
the
of
thousands
quantity^ quality^
made
and
again, reports
animals,
in
look
we
seventy
boyhood.
where
can
if
of
thought
not
were
such
continually,
meet,
we
cultivation,
same
clods,
our
And,
''
as
but,
enormous
roads
sheep
sô
the
the
not
owing
the
at
rate
to
of
green
drought,
three
tons
watering.
ten
times
roots.
cost
or
twelve
that
of
If
any
to
aerate
years,
the
the
farms
in
wants
to
farmer
his
s"m1
duce
pro-
to
the
SPLENDID
of
depth
two
calculate
will
He
of his
cost
every
This
saying
acre
in
be
once
were
"8
of
I have
Two
"
it in
that
three
per
tons
further
land
of
the
adjoining
I have
"
the
the
the
**!
whole
If
yield
would
the
be
work.
setting
of
of
he
feet
last
eighteen
rye
of
grass
much
as
about
before
year
crop
two
farmers
many
are
that
the
the
from
by
more
wheat,
saw
higher
on
than
on
of
lands, and
farm
that
therefore,
and
owners
of
none
change,
from
bushels
the
present
when
of
wheat,
so
on.
more
now
many
scattered
false
over
leaders
can
write
they
of
word
improved
are
tenants,
especially
writer, without
there
that
saying
tenants
first year
sixty-seven
both
that
of your
way
taken
mis-
was
body
depth
of
wrote
letters
crops
average
and
possibly stop
in the
the
to
landowner,
said
doubt,
no
country,
whole
that, the
man
splendid
improvers,
more
the
current
to
as
of
promise
several
also
One
have
I know
me
all
improved!
grand
astonishing
with
be
that
this
acres
an
other
seen
double
farms.
cultivation.
than
showing
the
made
agriculture would
to
to
Another
the
had
have
they
had
acre,
cuttings.
the
''
writes
he
of
evidence
that
twenty-five
inches, and
were
it
country.
themselves
One
earnest
cultivated
he
full
landowners
great
they
cultivated
and
in the
now
already setting
are
if
acre,
per
he
as
and
counting
could
so
legs,
its
upon
way
cultivation
England
set
Further,
''
be
curious
little
system,
own
this
at
on
how
my
his
to
this.
show
to
hour
an
going
year,
improvement
a
is
of
first
take
for
tried
system
the
profitable industry
most
on
by
that
first year
he
539
to
hear
writes,
that
acre
was
in
the
profit
an
permanent
expenses.
at
that
profit of "S
clear
man
matter,
failure, but
was
the
only
materials
what
One
way.
about
know
here
has
of
plenty
add
POSSIBLE
feet, he
has
only
this
in
time
three
or
it
CROPS
real
only
argument
subject
am
fully assured,
matter,
the
multitude
most
of
after
carefully
that, with
present
profitable
industry
intelligent
men,
rich
looking
into
prices, agriculture
in
and
if
England,
poor,
now
the
would
only
the
engaged
SIR
540
the
on
land, would
thought
in
'^The
their
thirty-five
Of
the
this is due
agricultural
no
is
This
**
earo^tly
the
beg
above
the
vital
one
hint
much
How
the
in
every
of
results
that
oon-
course^
this.
at
readers
your
average.
latter ; but, of
to
question
believe
to
the
to
'
to
of
average
usual
much
reasons
an
is
case
how
dare
allow
to
this
in
great
would
paper
you
six
it is due
of
great
give
and
season,
I have
portion
year
question
the
'
this
wheat,
great
to
improvement
stderable
harvest
of
with
day
every
Improvement
of
bushels
course,
of
minds
work
their
to
go
reports
COTTON
ARTHUR
and
way,
to
I most
of
side
this
see
questioa"
To
friend
"We
have
wanted,
both
safe,
is
would
but
the
in
all
absorbing
men
this
We
they
to
have
and
of
question, though,
conquest
already
see
improving
as
the
and
Him
declared
Who
years
yet,
cultivation
new
Two
took
They
great
both
would
and
make
that
ago."
in
highway,
that
such
we
of
respect
which
ocean,
soon
has
now
moving
was
His
that
in
answer
ture
agricul-
attention
least
very
:"
to
leader
single
all-
the
quarters
themselves
the
pay
land
speedy
not
writes
many
so
on
papers
soil, he
the
from
yet,
sure
the
over
in
safe
discoveries.
they
pamphlets
to
am
safe, cheap,
thousand
of
condescended
I
the
wheat.
really setting
are
But
mises
pro-
farms.
new
said
and
intimation
now
women
subject
the
now
system."
gift
with
see
saw,
question
has
same
hitherto
in the
allusion
In
about
enquiry
to
the
on
day^
not
am
hay
wheat
My
it is
but
that
than
came
latter.
former,
any
the
of
the
to
cold
few
The
fallen.
greatly
we
to-day
; but
corn
and
not,
mischief
that
experiments
the
has
is
forwarder
lairds
interest
*'
wheat
beyond
Scotch
and
hay
what
exactly
weather,
temperature
progress
far
is
"
beyond
crop
much
The
"
the
terrible
glorious
for
the
do
though
remarks
had
see
to
sorry
he
shall
all
the
see
produce
been
the
to
as
made
the
nations,
purpose,
we
by
three
Of
SEER
MODERN
his
sîcultural experiments
writes
on
and
the
entirely
the
of
spoken
had
541
tired.
friend
is
seed
three
feet
is three
and
in
four
or
twenty
height
inches),
from
straws
fully occupied
so
each
by seed,
almost
to
as
soil
friends
three
feet
Arthur's
in
America,
digging,
unusually
sown
Sir
hundred
one
some
the
be
to
HOPE
never
about
now
sowing
ground
the
that
is
farmer's
to
cover
find
he
last autumn,
sown
land,
ordinary
seed, and
"
of
hundred
one
each
wheat,
foot
square
(while
NEW
"
Sir Arthur's
"
AND
deep,
seeds
in
put
were
this
but
is
the
at
I had
that
imsîned
"
whom
to
the
quite
seed
take,"
mis-
of
depth
one
inch!"
''The
*^
facts
of
worth
farming
real
cultivation
landowners
going
The
subject
used.
hour's
an
if
There
and
on,
honestly
are
by
of
that
ing
approach-
anything
is, however,
some,
now
an
old
the
of
even,
the
tion
cultiva-
calculation,
investigate
to
also, have
Government,
with
themselves
setting
father,
my
capacity
acquainted
profitably
is
enquiry
extensive
be
conducted
be
can
said
wonderful
one
every
easily notify himself,
can
the
and
the
to
as
produce,
forward,"
brought
conclusive
quite
are
have
ordered
trials
to
made."
Appendix
MODERN
AND
SEER
NEW
FOR
HOPE
BRITISH
AGRICULTURE
(By
There
life.
The
his
waste
of
India's
and
famine
poverty
extreme
waste
in
great
agent
of
waste,
like
that
our
dramatic
own
age,
his
it is
of
treasure
:
home
with
of
India's
the
prime
land
System.)
and
was
and
Sir Arthur
in
land
and
air.
"
clearness
the
he
unthought-of
monsoon
floods,
to
sees,
be
in
of her
a
of
waste
; and
saw,
cause
sees
He
plant-growth.
he
chief
now
Cotton's
water
Then
flood-waters, the
equal
lands
soil*action
of
completeness
of
subject
great
in
now,
the
is almost
Student
parallel
air, that
too,
this
inconceivably
be
almost
is to
The
is
undertakings,
year
he
"
has
problem.
are
on
on
by
small
so
scale
he
one
has
made.
feels
old
that
addition
Yester
had
has
reaches
Without
old
order
aeration
far greater
with
strength
he,
"I
the
value
got
ago,
the
produce
be
was
when
the
cultural
agrias
country,
he
success
ditions
con-
special aids,
point
"
these
is
land
better
under
the
be
e"g.
ance
importin
used
expected.
be
BEGAN.
Governor
as
in
and
"
Four
came
acres
years
is
noYi
into
the
Madras,
battle.
him
visited
hundred
there
I
of
Godavari
his
Sir Arthur
twelve
and
Tweeddale
of
principle,
there
of
here
the
wonderful
Let
Arthur
hands,
have
any
nothing
other
soil.
or
for
one
Culture
my
as
The
larger.
this that
aU
him
into
reliable
steam,
done
his
when
far
do
the
shewed
Deep
this farm
of
he
and
scientific
and
average
Marquis
Sir
to
ments
measure-
highest proportion
to
Marquis,
The
plot
experiments
can
avoided
eighth
the
and
extreme
or
EXPERIMENTS
THESE
great
on
tilling
the
still may
results
Cultivation.
forty-five years
its
Add
the
of
square
Each
India.
been
home
agricultural training, and
establish
to
scarcely
These
age,
may
the
experiments
the
weights
horses,
below
friendship continued,
Their
then
labour
purposely
and
side.
during
now,
his ninety-sixth
instructive
as
without
"
all
experiments
more
fuller
been
in
man,
cent
the
Deep
with
and
are
in
much
Also, he
began
him
growing significanceof
the
HOW
They
giving
large scale."
per
in
high fertilizers,
of
it :
and
on
How
case
cessful
suc-
deltas
the
to
taken, with
other
the
on
puts
done
be
and
the
acre,
the
had
very
fully sixteen
poor,
answer
latter
Indian
the
and
practical
dealt
he
results
been
experience,
might
blem
pro-
^by superbly
"
eighty-fourth to
in
the
to
the
As
expense.
it
question
water
semi-deserts,
two
all observations
is really
made
been
his
mile
and
have
advantage
allowed
rivers,into gardens
little that
that
so
they would
of
remarkable
relation
made,
exactness,
turning
^from
"
square
every
are
and
solved
himself
tiny scale, his garden
its exact
bears
years
given
very
for
yard
the
It matters
was
as
Godavari
and
twelve
last
he
far
so
"
Cauveri
He
closer.
even
question practically
these
land
the
as
air
and
India.
parallel
of the
this land
Britain
Great
agriculturaldepression,
our
considers
He
vital to
as
for
fully account
to
it involves.
all that
and
to
enough
vast
vast"
COTTON
ARTHUR
SIR
542
some
he
was
ago," said
four
tinus
possession."
ARTHUR
SIR
544
the
aim
one
In
most
be
to
and
lower
mixed
The
pulverizing
cases,
indies
few
of
at
experiences,
well
in
and
to
view
the
It is now
the
known
soil.
sometimes
this
is
in
is
Again,
key
the
it.
to
often
great
as
one
available
teni,
soil,
die
the
from
the
air.
nitrification
of
from
present
plant life.
to
keep
to
taken
in
tropical
but
little of
"
is nitrate
cent
per
is
common
comes
in
part
individual
turalist
leading agricul-
One
nitrate
of
plenty
in
weight
whole
top-spit
to
thing
up
ninety-fiveper
plays
left
great
locked
the
helps by making
Air
available.
air often
of
want
and
air
much
form
this
of
produce,
as
is die
that, of
that
There
soils
much
of
way
The
treasure
air
declared
in the
land
that
be
must
ingenuity.
and
wonderful
remember
has
however,
unwholesome
soil is too
large quantities,with
in
and
once,
scil
the
graduallj, going
done
unaired
of
partide
every
be
must
; for
season
particular methods,
needs,
aerating
and
first,this
at
each
COTTON
the
only
makes
is air
cure
soil
c"^d, and
sour,
^with plenty of
"
ous,
poison-
even
land
air, sour
grows
sweet
air
Then
garden
and
much
blanket
is
always
drier
in
winter,
Again, deep
which
telling Sir
Arthur
how
the
roots
feet, and
four
far
we
his
deep
required
ploughing"
such
depth.
gathering, when
wheat
was
long/
six
And
inches
he
growing,
and
yet nearly
deep,
and
keep
out
summer
soQ
hard
penetrates
as
as
well
^for friable
soil
sponge
above
"
the
cooler
and
better
play
In
what
was
the
where
all fanners
with
of
could
still
called
reply
plough
till
glass
see
its
plough
at
had
tain
cer-
never
subsequent
case
roots
only
was
question
to
it ? wheat
feet, onions
diat,
me
of
good
shape
they
told
was
his
reserved
the
he
most
"
exp^
three
carrots
wanner
explore.
to
the
summer.
horticultural
reply,
in
action
root
to
feet,
two
Tweeddale
that
moist
more
gives
even
soil is far
only beginning
are
it in
stti"ce,
as
deep-tilled
that
so
Such
Lord
He
gave
acts
country.
six feet
wheat
soil
fi:iend of nine,
well-tiUed
so
to
fh"st
below
strawberries
of
why
blanket
this
agricultural meeting.
for
tilled
tillage gives
subject
is
inches
to
and
blanket
capillary attraction,
six
important
traced
of
known
and
soft
and
law
damp
droughts
and
below
is
This
than
heat
of
air,
deeply
the
to
of
frost
and
sponge
play
some
worst
full
quickly
well
"
conductor
poor
winter
more
Further,
soil
bed, bdng
drought
so
is
in
which
eight feet
four, five
which, while
or
it makes
CULTURE:
DEEP
clods
above,
the earth
out
wonder
No
pan
irons
RESULTS
hear
we
into
beneath
bad
of
times,
543
impervious
almost
an
farming
and
that
never
pays!
DEEP
CULTURE
When
I asked
quiet smile
in the
Yet,
"The
to
blade
that
on
of
rate
while
us
of green
four
five
and
received
nothing
the
was
land
tons
but
of
years
there
June
Dorking.
previous
the
sown
luxuriant, yielding
three
tons
It had
more
and
liquid manure,
of
at
hay^"
splendid
of
acre
ordinary dressing
an
hay
worst
fields about
and
me
with
answered
first
grass,
the
to
cuttingsgave
subsequent
two
half
the
the
of
high, green
feet
a
By
the
of rye
plot
of
SEASONS.
BAD
this,he
one
was
in any
grass
IN
about
parts.
I cut
day,
very
1893
these
in
RISK
Cotton
year
that stood
autumn,
the
Sir Arthur
century
not
was
REDUCES
VASTLY
poor
RESULTS.
Potatoes,
Planted
r.
"
Wells, cultivated
the
yard^ yield fourteen
square
tons
the
to
with
in
cabbages
another
and
Maize,
This
remarkable
used
fodder
potôes
eight
forty-fivetons
Peas,
Wheat
and
a
one
bearing
crop,
height
sweet
often
an
peas
and
The
1896
^This
crop
year
two
was
acre,
yielding
potatoes,
at
Total
701.=
(at
value
one
raised
com
hope
the
in succession
years
some
The
of
luxuriantly
six feet
twelve
of about
hundred
it
as
to
height
and
poor
plants have
of
the
finest
soil,
peas
high.
to
fifteen
fiftyears
and
inches
Once,
plant
per
twenty
apart,
ears,
and
of
some
once
marvel,
fodder.
eight feet, yielding
grain
is
year
flowering time, thirty-fiveto
the
stood
z.
"
neighbouring
cut
despite long drought

of
one
acclimatizing
frost that
grows
excellent
average
ninety
for
and
each
single grain produced

hundred
of
acre
per
Potatoes,
acre.
withstood
ground,
Hand-sown,
"
in
next
aheady
year's
The
ate.
ever
the
the
splendidly to
grew
I
to
of
20J.=;^35.
at
country.
feet,yielding, at
^This
"
this
the
to
nine
and
of
tons
twenty
rows
the
to
to
acre.
in
It has
down
the
plant
plant (average),or thirty
Yield
1895.
One
feet.
;;îo5.
ton,
per
fullyripened
has
seed
plant.
each
(forfodder)
per
thing
the
as
lbs. to
thirty-fivetons
cabbages
"
of
70J.
in
three
depth
between
planted
of) ^^105
rate
at
Dorking
of
crop
;^7o,
the
worth,
acre,
Planted
2.
the
to
once
Tunbridge
soil, in
deep, rich, sandy
in
yielding
produced
at
120
the
ears
rate
A.
each."
35
one
C.
SIR
546
hundred
usaal
thirtybushels
and
tons
ten
in quality
Grass,
Ryt
life of
able
only
year.
This
this
diminished
hay
is the
half
of
tons
been
hay
spread
there
manure,
to
of
depth
This
is
It
these
that
true
still,the
average
for
seasons,
is
four
similar
fully
and
land,
me,
as
we
was
sown
the
on
the
end
of
sown,
and
the
late
was
very
and
grew
sown,
wonder
never
numths
Talk
feet
to
of
the
ears
to
growing
Klondike
whole
an
land
labour.
the
the
best
and
and
for
country
land
better
only
in
what
plot
birds
the
better
winter
the
"
the
at
last ; but
the
late
winter,
registered 47^
"
Deep
early
behaviour
forty-five ears
case
means
sowings
grew
of the
of
some
fresh
the
to
wheat
through, without
of
of
at
at
got
scarcely
fair crop
the
crops
in
said
The
'*
with
two
sown
spells
that
wheat
difference
average
thermometer
diink
of the
variety of crops
of
had
we
late
coldest
in the
Only
The
reached
liquid
among
filled up
we
the
and
the
of
this year," Sir Arthur
but
Thus
came
tillered
frozen, the
was
three
I for
left îch
"
seed
startlingresults.
the
from
October.
against twenty
great
that
September,
sown
of
cost
DISCOVERY.
away
of
small,
very
by hand
average
discovery
striking.
in frost, and
farm
profitable.
yielded still more
gaps
winter, and
even
no
were
the
and
have
dressings
are
over
years,
REMARKABLE
ist
about
sown
enumerated
is little doubt
turning
were
there
the
cases
remarkable
it, so
these
enormously
times
have
A
I made
been
twelve
there
would
conditions
"
has
been
"2$
about
been
seasons
only cultivation
first and
has
seven
the
ordinary
five
feet, costing
three
therefore,
crop,
the
has
even
of splendid
tons
these
Besides
years.
or
merely
was
of
some
; but
to
seven
of cultivation
seven
four
and
though
pro6t-
there
years,
cuttings,of
cost
these
over
harvesting,
and
The
provement
im-
in its seventh
now
of five
rate
previous
has
declme
any
the
at
six
the
acre,
bad.
extremely
when
the
to
the
at
striking
plant
is
Arthur's
shewn
weighed
steady yield, in three
almost
an
Sir
it has
During
of
straw
weighing
shows
this
methods
but
has
yielded
amount
as
first year
crop
acre
per
years
It also
grain, too,
The
ordinary
two
twenty-nine, the
of
high (average), and
well
as
instead
acre,
generally.
acre.
Under
"
per
feet
the
to
COTTON
country
quality,six
remarkable
of
the
for
average
rate
ARTHUR
of
all
early
a
per
at
culture
stop
seed
And
sown.
when
in
the
face
sur-
depth
adds
of
three
season.^
and
its gold
mines
Here
in this
discovery
DUKE
THE
possibSitiesenough
are
wealth
vast
hand
at
hidden,
in
The
our
of
principle,
in
year
and
The
Arthur
Indies,
used
in
of
the
deep
culture, by
means
yield
per
place
The
best
whatever.
cubic
his
or
htmdred
of
and
cut
The
the
at
reasonable
the
this
to
has
process
begun
which
Bedford,
only
of
cost
inches
year,
for
about
tilled,and
so
old
Sir Arthur
forty
question
the
fifty per
to
is
the
of
than
Duke's
them
other
to
estate
reported
wheat
top
in
the
see
to
vented.
inof
a
this
July
wheat
on
it stood
similar
on
at
eighteen
that
me
by
near
been
Duke
the
Early
vent
in-
Indeed,
thirty inches
of
in
shall
have
by
all.
believe
too,
we,
machines
in
They
their treasure
pulverizes the
50T.
neath
be-
land
style.
Cotton
if not
only
ue,
one
feet higher
two
which
them.
ideas.
year
cover
dis-
men
to
new
depth
that
yards
come
air,
these
last
to
and
visited
experts
tilled in the
20^.,
land
the
acre,
per
another
some
land
the
30X.
up
used
one
When
reach
to
and
Several
to
once,
ploughs
hinder
to
soil
ploughs
thousand
people
profitably
already.
others,
rips
in
up
out
carry
Amongst
bound
treasure
machinery
as
land
clods.
one
able
of
it into
of
with
no
expense
we
of
coffee
any
who
he
is faith.
are
be
to
tired
turn
instead
make
till they
Once
cost.
boundless
no
in the
result
has
can
inches,
wealth
enormous
tropical
never
who
while
times
this matter
in
invent
and
plan
effect
they
surface, they allow
and
of
presence
the
think
while
the
he
as
planter
is
yard
eighteen
or
in
raise the
to
one
every
four
every
long
as
that
Arthur
square
plough
this
on
lbs. I
Sir
the
The
garden-forks
been
2,500
to
one
watch
thing needed
one
to
availability
soil
the
aerate
forks, had
tillage,as
fourteen,
the
reported
letter
these
so
coffee
of
two
sent
deep
can
twelve,
from
This
and
acres
had
tills but
more
known.
specially felt
letter
do
to
means
is
lbs.
its
close
fruit trees
3,000
culture
200-400
who
He
yard
depth
is
out,
me
of
this
of
he
deep
he
of
us
here
cultivated
are
plants
says
hoe.
from
acre
pointing
of
whom
Australia
Rhodes
shewed
to
It tells
but
North,
frozen
cruel,
of
soil, and
advantage
Sir
lands.
imagination.
tillage is gradually becoming
Cecil
Mr.
547
fields.
Vineyards
deep-tilled
lives.
West
familiar
ESTATES
the
stagger
in the
deep
Tintara
famous
to
not
own
power
BEDFORD'S
OF
national
believes
best,
cent
one,
and
return
and
that
land
is
that
it may
at
present
one
of
one
of
well
the
be
prices.
incalculable
best
made
vestments,
in-
of
to
Anyway,
yield
the
importance.
CHAPTER
The
and
Mainspring
Life
was
lived
who
one
as
souls
of
of
God
for
the
of
mainstay
thus
of
of
God's
his
life
the
issues
great
salvation
of
sense
He
sense
the
the
be
to
and
and
in
was
world.
Master;
one
ever-abiding
and
the
while
zealous
he
believed
in
Divine
every
ever
His
secret
to
Cotton's
unless
he
conversation;
him
men.
the
was
and
made
eternity
happy
what
his
religion
of
importance
of
served
life
his
ordered
really
kingdom
the
Arthur
Characteristics
promoting
of
furtherance
the
and
never
manner
some
of
Secret
Character
father
MY
XIX
the
presence
manifold
of
activities.
So
long
he
found
being
this
was
the
carrying
My
always
him
occasion
father's
the
lay
took
convicts^
being
dominion
his
of
for
of
of
on
world
small
not
good
great
in
missionary
the
by
648
few
him
in
themselves
were
others.
side,
Christianity
of
from
quite
his
which
particularly
were
extension
evident
in
assist
to
sent
to
reports,
table
occurred
enterprise^
and
Dowlaisweram
at
instances
great
was
anicut
mission
particularly
More
officers,
good,
Christian
India,
great
Many
interest
the
pile
Australian
supporter.
Young
out
throughout
little
while
case
by
the
the
amongst
in
ready
evidenced
influenced
made
him
constructed.
was
the
he
Tasmania,
to
work
stationed
was
in
the
this
was
visits
colony.
Wherever
work
of
island
penal
his
evangelistic
in
southernmost
then
of
one
as
interest
great
the
ago
glance
up
ready
date,
to
to
be
at
the
which
studied
"
INTEREST
at
leisure
any
life"he
being
was
to
be
to
aid
made
part of the
of
march
each
of
of
month
last
very
cognisant
the
549
fresh
that
effort
Christianity in
his
every
world.
with
conversation
themes
and
used
to
tell him
take
in for the
in his search
related
the
To
moment
seemed
PROPHECY
IN
being."
the
spiritually
so
many
that
we
much
as
his
"ut
as
brain
own
ferent
difoften
could
we
tired
never
that
especially in anything
of
British
the
temporaUy.
or
area,
heard
knowledge,
advantê
embrace
vast
*^
had
we
time
after
to
such
cover
that
would
him
he
Truly,
either
Empire,
was
Christian
patriot
the transcript of the
When
he
used
been
constantly
sent
His
This
Word
The
shall
that
seems
God's
light,
if it had
as
when
moment,
attacks
the
on
inspired
believing ones
nothing
can
ever
of
same
certain
figure
If
the
who
of
that
shake
the
can
give
sin.'
something
else
is literal,figurative,or
matter
do
this, as
or
any
will
a
soon
matter
other, book.
be
man
events
To
speak
Nobody
up
when
has
"
jects
sub-
may
one
in
we
any
us
he
say
who
the
in
sense.
a
passage
easily done,
conclusively.
res^d
it is
another
common
is
is
be
satisfy
'
person
whether
which
to
this
that
that
so
They
shall
will
we
of
to
ourselves
symbolical,
cleared
know
and
man
is contrary
of course,
consequently
individual
an-
that
of sin
consideration
future
and
of
as
smallest
to
know
we
The
'
read,
we
will let,'we
lets
now
man,
When
garment,'
read,
prophetic
on
things literal,things
up
'
prophetic thoughts
exists
mixing
beg^n by satisfying
we
his
which
we
the
man
passage
of
unbounded.
was
some
my
reference
be
'
of
again,
he
it has
cannot
interest
upon
figurative,because
the
It
to
came
critical
things allegorical.
When,
revealed, and
''
that
from
arises
lots
cast
literal.
lets
remind
confusion
strange
figurative,and
'
to
; and
sketch
slight
surely
us
its worst
merely
his
prophecy
but
of
stone
'*
testimony."
In
"
is
one
is true
Divine
it
to
us," he said, ''justat
to
infidelityis trying
Word.
refer
to
Moabite
We
/oAn Bunyan's,
doubt
whether
his
"
SIR
550
'
Interpreter
another,
is
ARTHUR
who
man
whether
or
COTTON
translates
he
is
to
add
interpreter
an
into
language
one
the
of
of
Word
God.
But
"
I should
like
remarks
two
or
one
on
ticular
par-
points.
One
"
is
is about
perfectly
used
just
Tarshish.
clear
as
that
general expression
had
East
call
to
India,
Indians,
men,
not
all
Tarshish.
and
returned
apes
the
from
three
the
as
Asiatic
our
read
we
the
in that
are
no
thereof,'
the
England,
'eagles.'
all the
rest
of
just
add
here, that, in
to
world
the
Ezekiel,
Tarshish
saying,
sarcastically,
That
spoken
the
is
case
contest
He
Anglo-
The
by
would
held
their
the
merely
'Art
has
is
designate
official
Thus,
and
all
symbol
There
ones.
Australia,
and
whelps,
superior
in
the
represented
as
thou
to
come
to
like
38th chap,
looking
what
South
I would
take
intelligent
an
anticipating
as
is.
mother
taking
lead,
Tarshish
Tarshish,
young
passage
person
went
other.
the
being
glorious
as
assuredly
and
and
on,
prey?'
view
of
of
the
strongly,
the
the
end
of
be."
for
theory,
were
latterly
years,
many
Israelite
which
very
is
that
who
we
no
verse,
Canada,
real
England's
are
were
of
products
now
as
of
ships
ivory, gold,
also
'
lion
the
"
State
only
young
Africa
remarkable
most
lions
if there
as
was
Ezion-geber,
those
But
still.
locality,just
India,
used
silver, tin, and
back
England
Bible,
with
and
We
that
marked
India,
in
is, as
We
from
is
coloured
call
the
four
present
particular
in
earth.
whereas
voyage,
brought
of
Empire,
young
of
the
Mysore,
products
mentioned
years'
the
Indians.
Tarshish
to
that
"
we
red
or
called
went
Tarshish
to
Indies
are
three
peacocks,
Tyre
of
It
Tarshish
India/
is it ?
word
parts
West
they
after
of
Where
vessels, Indiamen,
ships
highlands
the
word
negroes
as
Thus
and
distant
ocean
just
the
the
asked,
Bible
the
for
and
the
is
used
whether
large
correct
in
have
we
It
the
certainly
and
result
of
close
very
many
of
his
investigation,
ments,
statewere
convincing.
relative
to
whom
the
following
letters
are
addressed
SIR
552
shall
who
have
day
every
already
in any
help
the
which
have
sprung
had
In
"
of
the
in
which
and
the
there
of
neighbourhood
And
we
be
to
as
rapidly
every
years
well-watered
sod
Let
men.
of such
energies
persuaded
am
of
(2)
''
am
It
Popery.
fight
the
of
this
men's
in
John,
have
the
to
of
the
in
order
most
glad
wisely
tears
structed
in-
baptism.
will
cases
of
truth
all for
of
many
faithful
in
help
to
be
work
our
not
year^
Word
should
times
is to
get
rid
referred
in
their
and
overpower
of
own
try
this
the
and
it
in
as
stupefy
the
all
sign
that
boyhood.
that
speaks
the
end
And
last
system
of
with
the
my
the
It
whole
authority
interests.
at
us
to
but
quoting
your
body
way."
revive.
asleep
ago
each
own
is
enemy
grappling
churches
fast
so
is for
subject,
never
own
spending
the
upon
so
difficult
will
be
in its
are
you
Rome
in
of
work
own
most
should
only thing
hear
conscience,
Papacy
to
its
to
many
thousand
and
people
the
yet
on
carry
are
the
far
seed
and
who
so
for
the
India,
other, instead
as
religion
that
Indians
such
that
one
from
first visited
prepared
every
churches,
were
it were,
God's
each
is certain.
remember
and
prayers
it is that
consciences
I
"
of
throughout
the
twenty-five
importance.
must
childish
number
expect
native
entirely
who
measure
the
native
catechist
a
as
of
was
worship,
encourage
that
so
there
is,
by
fact
to
sionary
mis-
any
than
more
native
There
upon
Christians
now
confidently
terrible
now
churches
before
confines
movement
great
almost
this
their
this
the
unspeakable
How
"
in
multiply.
under
and
is
native
little
the
on
Christian
now
may
measure
leaven
this
well-established
finding
for
met
We
Hinduism
places,
are
are
scriptures,
regularly
good
of
of
the
many
there
commencement
tracts
in
fabrics
in
country,
Hyderabad,
villages
has
seed.
them.
of
tract
living
working
in
up
reached
one
State
surface
the
this
it
that
great
the
; and
on
scatter
proofs
undermined
appearing
to
way
new
Mohammedanism
COTTON
ARTHUR
of
verse
day,
and
tatively
authori-
training
conscience,
Word,
acting
SUPPORT
And
"
is the
whole
invented
be
things,
teaching
be
still
are
false
counted
which
God.
faith
If the
possible
Lord
equally
was
afflicted
Temple,
must
have
the
pillars !
that
this
people
faith
'
Bible,
the
that
it,
upon
false,of
been
course
'
What
this
thou
God's
him
suffering
knowest
n6t
in
purposes
as
of
village
man
in
well
as
the
and
the
land,
praising
commiseration.
apostolic
weary
man
in
every
leaping
the
at
The
type.
almost
and
of
Peter's
known
and
are
long placed
of the
object
enemies
of
been
town
every
long,
of
of
him,
I do
thought
one
miracles
the
and
friends
miracle
witnesses
his
of
confirm
certainly
seen
well-known
think
word,
where
that, in
so
have
must
I often
in all
of
dependent
are
and
heart
found
are
proof
Bible
old, had
years
the
land
of
God's
approve
declaration
The
them.
remarkable
forty
the
God
the
these
could
and
place,
to
was
of
there
scriptural
could
which
is the
the
that
thing
took
witnesses
Temple
porch
of
records
proves
things
absolutely
by it, and
there
is vain.
"Every
our
'
righteousness
That
some
How
full
and
have
book
Some
; and
could
it
contains
to
dear
who
another
in
conscience
the
is pervaded
is from
of
natural
But
for
understanding
with
perceptive.
entirely opposed
religions.
being
our
the
it
obliterated?
utterly
to
of
and
and
proof
own
system
doctrinal
themselves
life
its
human
Every
both
the
to
this
upon
intimation
some
nothing.
rests
bears
It
conviction
553
justification by "uth"
Bible
it ?
should
carries
t of
albumen
The
*^
which
that
WORK
WOMEN'S
OF
of
reminder
as
little
How
now.'
regard
to
this
ferer
suf-
!"
One
of
father's
my
and
the
world's
with
talents
place
great
Many
undoing
an
of
them
to
the
argument
need
skilful
and
characteristics
women's
feeling
arena
hand
granted
in
his
terms
gentle
of
support
ardent
very
strongest
as
work
I have
of
work
that
women
in
order
his
was
He
miration
adin
expressed
called
were
that
they
into
might,
instinct, which, he
said,
were
special gift, take
their
own
evil.
heard
between
him
and
others
would
who
efforts
of
He
rather
hold
kind
that
the
would
; do
girl
loyally
Time
that
it
was
learning heavenly
twice
classed
be
untouched
were
and
would
often
There
in
village
gift
for
love
her
quiet, gentle,
who
line.
railway
her
to
and
and
blessed
in
opposed
in
was
said
to
not
wish
Gospel
nth
that
to
are
her
expreissing
well-known
called
he
said,
astic
This
way
and
'^
are
words
me
looked
quite right
his
to
the
what
she
heaven
did
; and
quaint
You
what
we
of
way
to
Bible
this
was
enthusi*
most
she
of
the
quite right,"
are
the
His
in
us,
attention
in
of
of
costume
much.
up.
commencement
that
tell
Her
very
approval
her, and
in
He
and
hindered
was
message
drew
ever,
how-
wives
around
the
''
"
Brighton
raising, refining
Father
it ?
navvies
objected,
she
"
of
us
the
and
exactly
she
him
of
; the
did
in
Their
reached
opposition
why
He
poor.
classes.
living
our
to
extraordinary
an
hundred
carry
as
struck
expressed
brings
If
doing
are
the
and
strange
Corinthians,
we
house
London
those
''
from
ployed
em-
lady residing
Yet
needy,
argument
the
You
he
day,
and
passage,
for
this
He
story
name.
by
kind.
roughest
the
and
himself.
winning
by
might
masses,
neighbours
should
ist
when
richer
way
one
pews
them
working
the
was
of
poor
of
wear
her
women
the
chapter
of
every
father
to
making
very
discussion
my
in
men
her
the
the
over
She
these
softening,
children
it
efforts.
their
for
had
; many
power
Many
sit in
French
She
very
been
any
meetings
young
felt
had
around
meetings
and
who
to
visited
benefiting
employ^
were
unbounded
was
lives
who
these
time
and
life,he
those
of
neigbourhood.
reaching
for
her
the
his
work
cottage
this
at
was
England,
of
of
day
my
momenL
nearl"
non-church-going
take
and
go
single
is
thousands
spiritual
small
for
for
missionary,
held
house,
something,
Church
all their
the
by
home
the
last
whilst
amongst
idle
mistake
truths
Sunday,
every
the
"Do
Eternity
of
it to
to
supported.
me:
be
feminine
encourage,
and
to
say
adherent
devoted
than
loved
short,
is
firm
strongly
he
Never
something.
Though
COTTON
back,
sometimes
Remember,
ARTHUR
SIR
554
my
was
own
doing.
work
in
that
neighbourhood,
warmly
Our
book,
father's
do
But,
Coffee Rooniy
life, I only
show
to
and
allude
that
it
told
his
is
work
the
to
had
this
as
that
the
most
he
really
memoir
been
my
of
my
able
to
interested
and
eager
in
story
have
he
nning,
whi^n
and
already
be
the
supported,
have
as
555
from
which,
and
encouraged
initiated.
ROOM"
COFFEE
"OUR
support
A
that
day
be
to
mobilised
on
'*
We
do
cannot
first remark.
do
to
we
that
room
delay,
days.
leisure
promised
regiments
that
for
the
He
We
the
namely,
He
said
for
"
will
do
As
He
furze
road
better
met
who
for
in
help
to
the
tents,
inspection
him.
plan,
our
the
troops.
better
assure
meets
person,
that
you
views.
my
would
Where
you.
arrange
him
for
the
stopped
we
to
and
exactly
men
his
room
command,
the
to
told
applied
have
not
when
use
make
We
recreation
neighbourhood
for
was,
Kirby.
of
can
he
of
couple
common
to
up
without
erected
the
the
on
militia
and
within
are
wooden
large
be
in
What
troops
ready
rode
General
officer
provision
all I
just
could
to
father's
*'
up
done.
be
my
was
our
like
you
to
it ? '.'
place
too,"
You
had
and
knowing
erection
the
am
such
be
to
the
knew
up
officer
Not
by
of
to
was
put
expected
we
be
had
an
ground.
proved
''
whom
site, when
of the
It
were
it should
arrived.
men
occupied
hours.
carpenter
to
were
sense
was
many,"
so
decided
we
be
what
question, however,
next
might
the
as
for
anything
Finally,
their
during
near
was
our
possible
as
bushes
on
the
place
on
scarcely
the
the
put
and
the
to
near
pump,
reply.
and
walked
that
almost
smiled, dismounted,
for
were
"
consider
one
militia
and
troops
commons.
our
to
us
The
of
one
moved
responsibility
of
number
large
very
neighbourhood
the
throughout
spread
rumour
to
clearing
than
this," he
erection.
spot
the
think
''I
common.
the
finishing
could
you
at
once
half-an-hour
had
work
touch
through
us
adjoined
said, and
Within
and
with
to
our
the
central
not
have
gave
sion
permisworkmen
the
We
begun.
hall
the
of
had
delights
SIR
556
when
the
from
end
great
kind
General
was
three
tents,
the
space
for
day
my
numbers
made
to
endorsed
first
and
the
were
application
an
Every
end.
to
So
me.
sounded,
bugle
COTTON
ARTHUR
on
then
and
the
father
was
who
used
the
five, were
men's
filled
men
there
to
with
the
lent
to
requirements,
it
helping
that
come
which
the
result
that
Office,
War
behalf,
our
of
crowd
great
increase
to
us
recreation,
and
shelter.
The
them
to
of
terms
of
The
if
them
down
for
in
closely
the
us
the
at
help
and
follow
must
really
we
He
and
supplying
of
needs
masses,
and
the
us
to
we
laid
plainest,
practical,
most
human
th^
we
eternity,
Himself
the
and
success.
and
who
left
and
of
point
matter,
for
and
steps
brightest
the
met
fail
the
time
maxims,
the
time
for
the
at
this
reach
Saviour's
our
warmest
very
cannot
discuss
to
them
highest
same
Example.
want
the
in
that
to
and
done.
one
often
read
we
opportunities,
fellow-creatures
our
is
need
by night
these
had
we
meeting
I used
and
that
agreed
and
of
threefold
father
all
for
for
themselves
expressed
principle
satisfy
thankfial
gratitude
night
when
eagerly
were
them
their
My
they
many
of
listened
men
in
race
sidering
con-
:"
1st.
Their
spirituaF
2nd.
Their
mental
3rd.
Their
bodily
wants.
indeed
Sometimes,
first the
meeting
in
upward
At
to
be
last
day
in
moved
finished, and
telegrams
requesting
shot, and
been
to
this
in
the
officer
bodily
His
body
that
continue
of
kindly
to
at
He
our
lent
us
would
we
demand.
both
to
carry
carrying
us
his
the
the
Of
hut
there
this
at
militia
of
friendly
should
be
fresh
to
work
my
when
father
no
and
Aider-
that
had
rose
difficulty
undertaking.
Aldershot,
work
our
there, and
men
course
were
them,
camps
the
accompany
out
order,
ing
proceed-
thought
leave
in
tents
that
and
and
We
our
Dorking.
said
people,
soldiers
take
on
this
reversed
them.
Aldershot
offering
commenced
way
to
about
were
came,
with
when
the
of
wants
dealing
came
He
generally,
very
our
An
tents
for the
men
in
us
numbers
the
was
Our
last
to
them
become
to
The
most
which
he
of
**
not
am
England
firmly
will
in
not
suffer
the
this
is the
that
ordinances
the
the
temple-worship
suited
all the
the
"
to
we
utmost
our
to
returning
to
'
'*
The
into
be
in
is
ornament
Here,
therefore,
movement
to
possibly
in
the
be
too
direction
of
still
for
we
it is that
day,
present
to
use
truth.
delivered
once
watch
and
do
with
connected
are
form
compelled
to
us
what
exactly
the
faith
the
and
world,
scriptural,gospel
of pure
fied
satis-
am
therefore,
Herodians
whereunto
substituting
by
such
the
And,
Liturgy
different
so
so
from
many
bondage.'
always
keep
in
only
are
the
of
truth
the
hands
beggarly elements
and
the
it
in
in God's
are
parish
mummery
cannot
victory,
Church
and
truth
urgently require
some
we
and
difficulty,
the
planted
Articles
the
earnestly
most
weak
fall of
who
He
of
language
introducing
to
the
ministry,
the
whatever
beginning
imperative
of
of
prevail against
to
and
contend
to
for
dispensation.
new
save
the
proaches
ap-
anxiety
phase
every
Jerusalem,
at
was
times
desiring again
are
of hell
Church
to
saints, the
insidious
certainty
thirty-nine
the
of the
the
are
its
deepest
that
that
bulwark
themselves
if
them
exhorting
and
fear
grand
present
ordinances
But
the
who
Pharisees, Sadducees,
thrust
who
in
the
to
those
gates
that
his
to
Christ.
through
parish by
every
there
alluding
and
the
With
father
that
them
army,
war,
Jesus
fully assured
I feel
telling
ing
bless-
My
them.
to
stood
men
what
say
persed,
dis-
they
:"
of
one
to
the
father
up
follows
as
of
ritualism
my
him
buoyed
wrote
of
thought.
constant
culty
diffi-
only
numbers
and
Burmese
soldiers
occasioned
of
that
the
spread
rapid
to
came
our
before
themselves,
like
in
good
end,
night
been
had
of
one
early experiences
and
one,
thankfulness,
profession
no
was
as
They
very
Sunday
England
to
the
to
the
on
their
visit
to
commodious.
memorable
express
spoke
and
557
accommodation.
of
one
their
RITUALISM
that,
meeting,
was
up
large
were
such
TO
FOE
never
time
on
our
ritualism,
it
when
simplicity in
much
for
intoning, pretty
as
was
utmost
of
music
our
dresses,
is
worship^
Popery
or
more
was
against
guard
which
worship,
and
every
in
SIR
558
slightdisgaise.
sensible
not
it is that
"
defiled
be
many
do
they
'
that
lusteth
us
of
they
enter
upon
thereby
course
which
this fatal
of
gently
dili-
and
you,
rudiments
the
'Searching
trouble
up
of
torrent
England.
great warning
springing
to
therefore
by the
away
are
only
not
idolatry,and
to
Church
contains
in
carried
are
consider, and
not
heresy
ritualism.
of
'*
If
such
they did, how
in
made
and
which
God
made
'
tions^ and
which
God,
which
which
is
is
beginning
is not
there
he
has
sought
called
usuaUy
trait in
the
to
the
spirit
out
inven-
many
sufficientlyon
be
therefore, possibly
cannot,
what
or
Bible.
the
upright, but
instance^
for
entirely contrary
are
spiritof
man
we
of
course,
is the
before
with
things
Liturgy, and
them,
"
such
downward
possibly endorse,
they
whining
as
other
the
Articles
of
could
abomination
an
intoning, and
our
against inventions'^
watch
His
views
own
colouring
of
In
pens.
said
the
much
so
the
on
from
free
the
that
writing
to
Romanism
that
depression
letter
of
advance
tinctly
dis-
time
was
from
emanated
Church
of the
one
this
at
were
testant
Pro-
journals
he
:"
In
''
which
of
for
consideration.
some
''
misleads
like
facts
Bare
Popery,
facts
The
periodical
recent
progress
given
if
may
they
to
appear
to
are
show
to
showing
statement
seems
stated
are
facts
see
be
call
to
me
earnestly
startling, but
thoroughly
not
what
is
exactly
the
nothing
considered
contrary
to
truth.
the
"In
this
Roman
''If
in
and
1885,
Popery
this
has
England.
different
is
that
it is stated
case
Catholics
2,200,000,
in
degree
therefore
; and
perceive
not
and
the
bitter root
lest any
dwelleth
in mind
keep
not
do
that
men
pervading
now
do
They
way
godly
mauy
is
spirit
same
COTTON
is, multitudes
"act
the
the
so
evil that
The
that
in
but
envy,
ARTHUR
in
according
But
things.
it
1845
to
Popery
the
in
Papists
70,000
were
328,000,
Romanists,
leaves
thirty-five-fold
and
there
1780
in
England,
truly stated,
increased
in
one
are
2,500,000.
impression
hundred
two
187
that
years
essentially
XX
CHAPTER
The
days
at
Woodcot
stated,
in
the
THE
after
evening,
with
small
very
the
his
face,
searched
One
of
fond
of
it"
His
of
such
It
mock
seemed
to
on
afforded
was
life
absorbed
lighting
up
thought
You
seem
of
one
child
his
the
on
studying
touched
it
all
of
impressive
playing
been
beyond
very
tired
get
ever
have
have
to
favourite
that
this
There
yet.
have
losings
be
"
relief
to
ever
have
his
lost
busy,
o'clock,
Patience.
note-book,
jotted
problems
numerical
the
kept
were
nine
of
game
but
regularly,
sadness
after
interval,
an
his
and
with
It
come
it
played
it
ruption
inter-
no
intense
"
you
little
my
Owing
was
smile
with
heights
and
play
winnings
say
like
Bible,
perfectly
of
think
hand
hardly
seem
would
would
his
his
ing-room
draw-
reading.
the
known."
Then
only
not
do
the
of
him
evening
all
in
In
in
pages
sit
spondence
corre-
Word"
the
one
feel
depths
or
he
lake
would
him
raising
and
seen
to
"
was
the
expression
an
into
Bible
reply,
margin
are
said
your
gestures,
book,
with
deeply
us
on
sometimes
him,
and
sit
around
he
before
sometimes
he
as
thoughts
subject
in
would
already
been
friends.
of
delighted
he
has
subjects
he
conversation
the
his
to
fixed
eyes
which
print,
deafness,
his
to
his
us,
various
dinner,
Peace
as
a^number
with
frugal
his
spent,
of
study
and
Light
were
them
upon
in
of
Eventide
down,
two
active
which
He
not
which
in
he
and
would
to-night"
games
brain
this
when
to
simple
trate
concen-
tion
recrea-
him.
during
one
of
peaceful
these
060
years
at
Woodcot
ail
THE
that
EVENTIDE
father
heard
death.
The
Provost
strength
were
my
doing
was
before,
the
His
life
sitting
at
and
during
he
did
his
family
no
reply
his
felt
father
My
the
always
was
grief
or
the
had
the
path,
His
his
One
of the
if he
felt ilL
of
whenever
he
could
of
He
made
away.
brother,
and,
as
bereavement
any
not
as
members
passed
his
to
bead, and,
moment
loss
sentences
goodness
bowed
that
in
him
after
long
very
Governor
Cotton,
the
of
his
life.
He
gathered
about
five
round
him
there
games.
But
Sydney
entered
tired."
am
utter
word
one
found
that
last
about
on
saw
him,
come
and
my
pay
sick
and
me
men
will
in
give
going
"
to
his
pass,
taking
his
to
seat
rest
time
it
which
he
respected
;
was
times
Many
into
Sir
in
was
and
he
was
on
religious subjects.
me
You
that
not
last
the
death:
visit here, and
of
man,
but
infirmary.
you
"
glory
much
saying
hour
fail.
to
merry
or
usual
short
all
we
the
of
ing-room
draw-
which
upstairs
in
good
him,
before
long
the
at
ill
rest
immense
conversation,
am
speak
his
fortnight
after
bed, and
knew
however,
remember,
was
to
tea,
instead
of the
spoke
heard
been
ever
that
beginning
was
all who
by
'*
the
as
into
when
but
to
He
to
day
room,
heart
he
come
Sydney
taken
was
remarkable
music,
said
enter.
to
for
went
illness
honoured
had
his
that
to
Sir
brother.
Hospital,
as
o'clock
the
He
being
came
tea-table, he
the
by
Chelsea
used
always
loss, his
this
died, his last hours
and
to
asked
all
in
hands
utter
to
for
Whilst
his
raised
bân
then
and
with
his
crossed
carrying
and
suddenly.
he
forward.
intensely
case
years
subject
Not
He
fall
spirit
thirty
done
very
God
to
him,
he
eighty-seven,
Sunday
close
voice
life.
to
went
;
to
low
to
and
activity
of
had
on
evening,
long
he
Richard's
brother
his
age
561
Provostship.
gratitude
seemed
so,
his
one
in
and
praise
him
of
dinner
that
PEACE
whose
the
at
services
brought
was
adoration,
of
work
duties
of
man
that,
five
AND
tidings
was
same
attending
all
out
the
great
so
the
LIGHT
OF
"I
then
shall
you
time
want
you
be
may
who
one
that
you
can
my
read
36
I
to
read
lain,
chapthe
Bible
them.'*
to
lasted
illness
conversation
**
I hear
and
he
again,
never
meet
that
keep
I have
good
Sir
fight I
Sydney
finished
him
Commission
this
at
"My
chak
does
I don't
to
require
fellows
addition
my
political
reduced
work
falls
was
to
some
to
at
me
not
one
collect
else
the
winter
of
Ceylon,
Ridgeway's
and
it is
been
Among
Ridgeway,
it, after
supplies
for
point
make
that
the
they
bit
my
and,
in
of
member
the
people
part
of
the
says
he
however,
a
of
an
coarse,
much,
me
occupy
They
hand,
Of
discipline.
of
Mar-
to
to
or
other
the
officer, and
turn
on
Central
and
trouble.
tired,
November.
present
pitality.
hos-
serve
Zulficar
much
feel
On
commissariat
to
form
to
duties, I have
since
loved
and
kindness
cheerful,
they
does
place
success.
give
strict
military
the
was
give
under
staff
anything.
command
to
been
that
fill his
ever
from
had
^very
all when
us
Governor
is
men
will
"
admit
kept
be
to
have
to
fought
"
he
men
my
ofi*
get
small
very
job
think
to
to
I have
Afghanistan
now
father
escort
to
seem
never
excuse
his
persuaded
appointed
been
sixty-seven
great, strong
honour
genial
between
calvaty
not
his
he
voice
relatives, who
and
had
have
committed
loss
friends
Ridgeway,
to
of
The
who
West
time
party
escort
will
Sir
under
of
Then,
I
am
could
one
enjoyed
Boundary
wrote
the
and
Alfred,
Asia,
are
circle
No
course
my
The
ready.
have
unspeakable
an
lai^
brother
My
''
was
away.
much
so
the
It
passed
the
amongst
"
victory
flowers!
which
...
of
clear, distinct
"
never
Captain."
such
as
; I am
believed
have
words
songs
great
With
have
victorious
music
are
"
to
these
in
now
''Oh,
1"
with
glory
they
^the
"
"
to
Him.
Yes
me
whom
appeared
1 such
Music
going, going
flowers
is able
He
of
^his
hours
thirty-six
He
his
which
during
somewhat
exclaim,
such
time
gates
it I
songs
am
to
I know
**
"
that
would
seen
said,
ând
"
waits
Captain
hear
triumph
about
himself
expressed
before,
only
the
entering
it ; yes,
heard
short
interesting.
most
was
and
army,
think
was
he
thought
the
Daring
"
COTTON
ARTHUR
SIR
562
My
mission,
first
with
THE
EVENTIDE
difficulties.
who
is
This
only
Nabaks
and
notice,
short
very
OF
the
government
is weak.
fearing
the
for
done
it
enough,
the
work
to
think
obey
to
too
much
their
authorities
being
was
subjects
call.
sudden
right, and
all
local
are
chiefs
present
the
force
inability to
people
The
the
many
Mamiena"
of
Wall
and
563
good
Amir.
between
would
work
over
the
to
Afghans,
their
done
get
the
Thus,
hard
was
was
of
Afghans
and
us,
had
tributary
hate
that
PEACE
AND
place belongs
and
LIGHT
However,
his
expressed
Ridgeway
do
to
satisfaction."
Alfred
Again,
Our
**
there
going
to
the
unavoidable
wants
a
morning,
so,
the
the
does
get
to
a.m.,
while
day,
one
one
so
about
miles,
twenty-one
of
much
as
takes
march
the
on
except
gets up,
sun
we
as
correspondence
result, mother's
the
as
to
While
us.
anything
for
time
at
with
are
we
waiting
are
we
do
before
done
when
while
to
march
in
day,
going
and
high,
feet
heat,
much
We
sleep
of the
this
did
is not
possible
as
good
third
is
work.
stage
our
the
escape
there
move,
:"-
five thousand
be
Government
what
hear
will
camp
Chilik
from
writes
suffers.
The
"
with
to
the
present
plan,
cavalry
and
while
Kashmir.
If
will
passes
necessary.
we
had
It
was
'*
the
that
until
which
set.
green
made
is
could
I
I
put
We
in
do
to
camel-thorn,
blew,
me
Turk
and
quite
on
to
if the
cold.
day
into
ourselves
north
the
side
water
his
duty,
I have
did
known
curtain,
a
by making
throwing
Turk
had
who
of
this
it to
second
of
hedge
the
on
off,
them
mosquito
bad
so
knock
except
camp
became
They
geologist,
our
keep
be
this, and
in
long
stays
one
chair
cool
will
like
about
high
the
soon,
prcâmme
new
way.
all
by
by Kabul
go
Chitral, Gilgit,
pretty
waiting
when
and
me
that
Ridgeway,
Karkin.
terrible
table
managed
and
to
through
work
nothing
my
and
of it at
hot,
given
was
dreary
mission,
do
not
up,
month
flies increase
engaging
wind
It
the
Durand
do
we
snowed
very
of
off, is for
get
can
bulk
be
bad
we
I escort
Feshawur,
and
if
tent,
it.
If
and
the
arrangement
bring
the
tem-
At
Kelig,
where
Bokhara
means
pull
the
of
boat
been
of
look
at
now,
benefit
other
describing
the
they
hot
we
river.
are
and
I find
that
stands
his
rejected
'
10^
on
I have
and
door,
put
troops
so
may
for
your
them
on
returned
of Admiral
together.
damp
my
AX
ten
miles
least
is
every
cheerful
here
of
one
It is
as
this
away
from
well
be
imagined
that
leave
to
at
It
was
to
of
Leopold
Heath,
a
few
vety
unusual
to
us
and
years
His
all.
with
his
ders
borof
out
rifle and
smiling
anxious
to
native
keep
homes."
brother's
letters
were
father
looked
special
the
joy
When
wanderings.
May,
married
he
only
my
that
in
are
their
welcomed
close
the
England
Sir
pleasure
and
eagerly,
they
two.
or
sand
came
small
desert
carrying
men
my
breeze.
no
word
loose
and
quite
long
and
of
lot, but
now.
sandy
of
wind,
of
in, every
joke,
no
be
the
human
by
assistance
pen
belt
going
would
the
of
limit
kept
there
tunnel
Alpine
an
the
are
the
most
interest
constant
of
without
to
but
from
get away
return
the
is strong,
which
reached
tunnel
march
accoutrements^
for
whole
crossing.
say
'
the
belabour
bows
the
end
steering
during
is next
crossed
twenty-one-mile
It
what
does
and
other
the
and
broad
single
current
not
we
write
shot,
night
the
In
not
of wet
the
But
one.
could
They
have
the
in
boring
*they
say
96^'
at
though
vessel
ble
capa-
ponies
The
should
ones,
Two
in
need
3 p.m.
large
to
unique.
thermometer,
his
Afghanistan
people.
surveyors,
endurance
the
the
merchandise,
stern
down
of
position
and
pole,
long
way
that
day,
"
the
remedy.
no
When
"
are
mariners
at
suggestion
boats
is fastened,
in
a
long
from
They
rope
man
the
is
probably
unmercifully.
one
to
107^
assistant
Talbot,
is
have
we
road
donkeys,
with
ponies
the
base
In
boat
wretched
at
The
this
to
two
passage
just
river.
swimming!
by rowing
can
"
by
and
the
to
takes
main
propelling
boat
surcingle,
he
the
days
yesterday,
the
carrying camels,
The
still
on
halted
we
crosses
of
but
ferry,where
principal
tied
30^
down
perature
COTTON
ARTHUR
SIR
564
eldest
his
he
daughter
they
returned
to
after
that
brother,
my
India
THE
his
on
remedies
died
failing
the
on
while
from
home
way
his
who
them,
dearly-loved
with
great
loss
has
which
admire
son's
your
will
pardon
always
relied
work
confided
any
father
My.
of
work
of
The
the
often
to
end, and
during
himself
in
all
touch
of
both
In
of
some
which
feelings,
Your
"
finer
of
tall stalks
his
Rugby
After
Your
mother's
short
father
and
than
of
the
to
to
absence
visit
in
his
fighting
for
of
there
wheat
he
on
now
was
to
the
taining
main-
ever
fell to
of
the
lot
interesting
thoughts
his
latter
years.
in
gathered
says.
watch.
or
interesting
are
is
very
war
that
that
these
look
cession
suc-
of
and
picture
grain,
this
topics
times,
day,
sorrow
during
too,
well
the
home
beets
went
well,
greatly prolonged
the
letters
ears
to-day
and
world,
the
of his
and
good-sized
sugar
could
continue
to
wonderful
with
of
little
work,
straw
and
maize
from
my
is
you
The
with
brave
of
years
joy
relatives.
and
and
the
give
and
moment
battle-field
truly
pace
and
father
crop
latter
questions
with
friends
passages,
and
the
respect
him.
ever
the
it is
keep
to
sad
great
absorbed
on
and
all the
able
was
the
officer, who
many
battle-field
close,
of
It is
"
therefore
this
rallied
the
on
whether
severe
more
drawing
life, he
he
but
always
that
right,
loss
of
to
stunned
this gallant soldier,
of
cause
the
almost
bereavements,
life of
mas
Christ-
wrote
and
at
alone,
the
at
he
him."
to
interest
spend
loyally, thoroughly,
first seemed
at
to
Times
promising
do
to
upon
arrive
learned
you
most
correspondence
universal
"
lost
has
on
The
worth,
and
intruding
to
grief
In
I had
you.
on
character
my
Government
be
fallen
read
all
sufferings,
Ridgeway
West
I have
that
him
with
Sir
son.
sorrow
widow
overcome
were
their
his
565
ill,and,
his
to
expecting
were
PEACE
very
alleviation
leaving
voyage,
AND
became
India,
bring
to
parents,
with
LIGHT
OF
EVENTIDE
However,
fine.
He
farmer
has
is
; a
the
still
coming
him."
from
straight
home
from
"
the
carriage
to
his
dear
ARTHUR
SIR
566
wheat
the
Indian
and
same
and
corn
if he
The
has
the
for
It is
interesting
the
to
public
of
India
the
was
lives
Then,
iron
sole
form
of
his
pen,
instead
of
of
millions
ness
busi-
Tke
to
in
which,
for
of
loss
in
money
he
This,"
"
awful
Times'
condemnation
water."
of
sown
process."
words
were
of ail this
cause
-such
letters
final
The
and
last communications
father's
my
grain
the
watching
of
day
clared,
de-
millions
the
value
of
cattle."
appeal
an
Tke
to
the
of
worthy
is
question
the
ticketed"
India.
from
hundreds
and
and
crops
in
came
purposes,
"
of
and
sits
the
in
were
famines
giving
"
of
day
to-
to-day,
each
produce
that
note
to
Press
concerning
who
father,
dear
down
come
your
soon,
long-thought-of
is to
the
in
it very
answer
is the
wheat
and
plant
interested
to
calculated, r^stered,
be
to
hopes
this
precious
separate
much
were
he
but
time,
has
harvest
letter, and
engineering
every
and
father
all much
were
''Your
which
beet,
sugar
left them.
he
when
as
COTTON
Times
"
that
paper
am
this
sure
the
really at
is
terrible
head
of
earthly powers."
Within
was
much
as
at
as
perusal
addressed
26,
to
1897,
with
short
my
series
husband.
'^P"'il 20,
^^
his
of
The
1898,
WooDCOT,
My
About
.
feelings,
to
the
the
waste
This
letters
are
various
will
be
which
Fed.
seen
all
were
from
follows:
as
people
the
range
Dorking,
India
and
its
my
There
firm.
Indian
of
grasp
mind
Feb.
"
26, 1897.
Anthony,"
dear
of the
letters
and
father's
my
good
less
not
was
the
death
while
period,
advocated
of
his
of
concerned
he
months
former
any
schemes
by
few
almost
the
Government's
is
famine
in
want
no
is caused
the
sea.
whole
famine,
loss
obstinate
of
water
by
the
or
of
life
being
rejection
land
water
in
the
being
tell
cannot
of
due
you
solely
irrigation.
worst
of
allowed
to
years
run
;
to
SIR
568
I
in
am
find
some
of
the
that
the great
lady
said
the
whole
when
The
to
of
works
through
of
considerable
some
is wanted
What
be
made
forty
in
there
has
the
Wenlock,
his
of
This
effect
work
Godavari
Lord
of
spite
have
the
begun
has
he
Lord
lecturing
districts
watered
famine.
entirelyby
officials
the
about
say
individual
the
Madras,
of
Governor
of
are
canal,
been
present
when
body
there
navigation.
does
the
upon
task.
steam-boat
extensively
Tweeddale,
whole
word
was
of
Madras,
five
the
presidency
effort of
not
of
for
unirrigated, including,
acres
of
the
Office.
battle
this
itself, where
miles
300
or
India
the
fought
miles
500
officials,
present
at
navigation should
at
me,
water
Punjab^
local
out
difficultyof
500^000
but
by
carried
district
Governor
province,
his
the
and
200
late
incalculable
like
not,
in the
the
irrigationand
Godavari
range,
made
first matters
conceive
still about
are
their
on
who
irrigated acres
700,000
in
the very
can
years,
Even
is that
railways."
operation provide
being
are
of
one
nobody
But
works
indeed,
so,
in
wheat, and,
stand
determined
think
is invested
in
and
it in the
Service.
Civil
''I should
now
rice
look
our
face.
believe,a personal question
the
property
our
before
dying
to
of
wife^
my
acres
the
millions
it is now,
majority
Government
1,000,000
these
the Government
compel
with
subject, with
tell you
I must
for
hopes that amongst your acquaintances you may

could
who
one
ance
importapprehend the immense
and
eyes,
COTTON
ARTHUR
Calcutta
at
in
and
Madras.
What
"
"
one
great
But
**
rain
Lord
the
and
thing
With
that
man
say
respect
with
or
the
the
India
He
pestilence"
will deliver
railways,
miles
ports,
necessity;
branch
to
800
but
with
reigneth," and
sure, He
am
600
connected
to
it is that
grievous thing
"
and
to
lines^while
of
main
with
spend
the
us
I may
both
can
''
Be
out
hundreds
terrible
send
of
of
irrigationand
time
of
one
all this confusion.

that
connect
other,
not
gracious
still,"and
mention
line to
each
this
at
have
we
were
millions
I consider
the
an
capitals
absolute
on
small
navigation were
THE
EVENXroE
neglected,
this
at
was
LIGHT
OF
great
PEACE
is shown
as
wrong,
AND
569
actual
by
results
time.
Ever
affectionately,
yours
ARTHUR.
Dorking,
My
Anthony,
dear
have
to
have
not
and
Mar.
29,
letter
of
1898.
"
thank
much
you
yet answered
for
your
being
it, not
the
8th,
it would
sure
find
you.
Thank
also
you
Times
and
reprinted,
for
Price, M.P.
much
so
for
for
East
the
getting the
copies
Norfolk,
sent
you
talk
to
came
letter
Tke
to
Mr.
me.
to
about
me
irrigation.
He
India
time
giving
is
Office
it
about
the
question
in
and
trouble
to
the
to
the
force
but
the
The
religious
paper
Friend
of China,
It
he
hope
House,
it would
the
was
able
letter
much
up
time
that
as
The
was
was,
letter
same
take
attention.
public
my
the
to
to
require
upon
which
been
has
be
may
matter
in
and
matter,
The
to
Times,
With
of
where
tracts,
such
about
should
What
that
There
many
are
Bombay
near
The
such
rails
am
in
The
mo3t
could
So,
of
Lord
Harris
I send
you
began
Channel
famines
from
watered
irrigation
idea
of
subject
to
write
matter,
terrible
news
contains
now
and
some
this
Do
works
one
pay
time
the
the
says
cent
per
which
be
tion
ques-
watered
the
across
can
the
be
railways
that
speaking
Is
"
can
as
laid
acres
one
pay
be
not
applied,
on
paper
find
trying
wanted
could
you
; but
men
of
irrigation
on
give
or
millions
only
if you
glad
about
pamphlet
both
will
tracts,
think
profit
cent
per
be
his
after
paper,
cannot
rivers.
unfailing
Muir's
W.
irrigation
we
by saying
Sir
to
respect
to
eye
run
your
strange
should
be
short
memo,
and
hope
have
fear
tion
informa-
should
navigation.
the
much
of
be
so
It
it
over
the
railway
really investigated.
of what
to
send
yet heard
I think
you
is
is
now
copy.
that
China
SIR
570
completely
has
its
to
of
direct
with
the
you
hope
people
and
that
which
the
is
the
Trade,
and
position,
will
Yet
I
in
He
says
He
promises
I find
point
real
not
leave
Protestant
permit
depends
upon
it.
the
the
of
mine
has
set
but
cursed
that
Opium
national
God.
of
judgments
is
what
blessings
which
unpunished,"
endless
us,
nothing
present
our
wholly
all
satisfy
that
failures, the
of
; the
and
Government
of all these
you
of
idea
insane
of
our
source
God
task
Indian
now
its famines
the
to
the
to
Dixon
disgrace
midst
time
some
it from
all
grand
the
us.
of
end
no
of
of
the
the
to
car,
Madagas-
in
Mr.
expenses
cause
choose
them
leaving
more
into
must
and
from
us
the
one
no
may
Russia
receiving
give
equal
are
for
provide
we
or
Price
deliver
we
which
are
to
Mr.
see
all deliver
above
can
able
can
bring
any
deem
do.
immensely
else
Nothing
be
to
India
of
future
in
way
will
Papists
question,
water
Church
will
will
This
Englishmen
Greek
than
on
agreed
with
she
that
missionaries
our
as
missions
in
us,
them
has
China,
in
railway
them.
defending
for
the
resident
defend
treatment
same
of
She
Russia.
to
lines
soldiers
contact
between
"
three
to
necessary
COTTON
surrendered
making
number
ARTHUR
the
papers
of
subject
for
water
With
fully
going
great
into
every
India.
affection,
yours,
ARTHUR.
Dorking,
My
Anthony,
dear
In
irrigation.
on
papers
in
written, containing
subjects
which
upon
of
well-being
is
as
Egypt,
and
that
exactly
the
sort
Dufferin,
we
proceed
who
to
B.*s
I find
had
other
end
of
fully persuaded
am
great
is
man
the
matters
all I have
sent
to
the
that
depends,
that
treasure
of
as
wanted
who
was
India
in
sent
to
statesmanship
we
must
lay
the
to
our
have
these
on
say
entirely
now
some
that
papers
form
what
of
no
have
telegram,
every
India
the
completely
1898.
"
with
compliance
April
poral
tem-
water
it
is
of
former
Egypt,
say.
foundation
is
Lord
Before
by
THE
the
EVENTIDE
water,
that
as
which
thing
OF
to
because
it is that
rights.
of millions
depends,
Nay,
it is still
which
on
by
than
more
the
571
the
only
setting
the
being
as
ground
standing
alone
PEACE
that
of
lives
in
India,
its hundreds
depend.
have
there
are
all
AND
us
give
finances
They
which
on
can
LIGHT
hundreds
spent
not
millions
and
railways,
on
lives
of
of thousands
tens
now
of
lost
being
withstanding
not-
?
There
with
vegetable
ought
to
of
land,
have
been
practicable
at
can
write
for
be
to
Mr.
done
and
navigation
short
of
; but
irrigation
I
I
what
moment's
Civil
the
finance.
or
trying
to
ought
sure
in the
write
this
Service
am
am
delay,
I cannot
been
of
removal
and
memo,
without
now,
life
have
might
of
which
in
India,
the
Council
to
as
and
loaded
millions
and
all
but
all
water,
sea,
over
distributed,
either
Price
the
into
Indian
of
yards
Nothing
the
India,
save
cubic
scattered
cost
from
opposition
of
food, flowing
miles
square
it
millions
are
of
way
such
paper
effectively immediately.
I
hope, however,
Think
water
of
about
due
500,000
more
about
provide
per
in that
small
of the
miles
increase
in
there
and
acre,
to
acre
an
the
are
of
district, capable
would,
which
canal
of
500
while
rupees
miles
350
soon.
Rs.
only
world,
works
of
means
it
including
in the
it is 40
acres
irrigation by
time,
to
of
copy
cost
Godavari,
navigation
of crop
you
actually
in
acres
finest internal
value
having
its
700,000
send
to
the
at
and
same
of
150
river
navigation.
think
I
would
but
the
cost, perhaps,
if it cost
comparison
in
irrigation
five
times
its
to
double
the
upper
non-delta
it has
done
what
benefits,
in the
it would
much,
as
in
even
districts
be
nothing
only,
money
delta
while
in
for
life it is essential
It is true
not
now
this
is
who
were
succeeds
up
their
mistakes
that
paying
solely
three
of
the
to
because
determined
in the
minds
are
made
the
that
hands
of
that
they
and
interest
Treasury
they
Government
great
not
were
they
men
should
who
shan't
difficulties
in the
pay.
have
succeed.
are
met
works
for
the
hands
cost, but
of
Nothing
previously
In
are
every
with, which
those
ever
made
work
can
only
be
they
shall
by enthusiasts
overcome
abundance
learn" and
to
the
directly.
engineers
the
Treasury?
but, What
of
tJie
The
in
water-rates
lacs
year,
but
works.
the
would
works
they
nothing
only
ever
can
of
store
a
are
have
the
what
what
in
allow
non-paying
if
Treasury,
of
with
; this
season
supply
important
most
could
these
great works,
abundance
India
has
Office
would
mention
I
treatment
things
to
subject
the
have
continue
is
subject
but
ignored,
must
experienced
in this
done
reservoir
executed.
whole
provide
be
could
if the
India
not
ledged
acknow-
are
Immense
cost
to
on
course
And
way.
which
those
yours
look
and
expect
; and
state
me.
Ever
is
water
Of
acres.
this
in
mand
com-
the
country, which
dry
the
to
Mahanudi
delta, while
on
upper
the
But
dares
the
in the
yet provided
yet been
the
35
acre,
per
lacs, all due
all the
to
200,000
even
reported
who
Government
with
of
some
in this way,
with
meet
head-works
in the
matter.
that
interest
if carried
for
been
openings
bear
of
but
is 80
revenue
trifling comparative
very
everybody
to
tanks
of
acres
pay
water
have
none
into
the
without
out.
great works,
large
sites
of
but
reach
5 rupees
are
pay
vast
over
successes,
in
but
Treasury
people,
only,
fullypersuaded
am
2,000,000
of the
at
the
question
water-rates
the increase
instance, the
distributed
enormously
returns
even
cession
suc-
investors
the
profitsto
not
abundantly
some
aid
long
works.
mere
What
Godavari
fullycarried
were
For
one
the
the
of the
reaches
not
the
to
generally.
revenue
to
charge
is not,
in
Treasury
of
had
have
entirely due
really paying
are
is
and
patience
are
are
It
is
proportion
question
life ?
mistakes
had
Government
rulers,and
reaches
works
small
so
The
speaking
that
determined
are
success
have
that
non-paying
in fact, though
our
indomitable
and
of
of
plenty
made
we
determination
All
who
succeed
Godavari
In
COTTON
ARTHUR
SIR
572
afTectionately,
ARTHUR.
the
Pray
THE
OF
EVENTIDE
UGHT
AND
PEACE
April
Dorking,
My
Anthony,
dear
sending
am
Mr.
Price,
famines
is
whole
water
the
all
the
in
which
over
have
the
shows
it
eight
now
capital, taking
the
principal
of
result
the
is
by water,
securing
peace
Among
the
of
some
be
time
the
water
of
land
and
cost,
we
operation,
midst
of
this
profits on
the
and
leaving
the
general
those
the
far
works.
out
crease
inAnd
of
largest part
the
people.
per
of
Increase
Goda-
in
acre
value
of
produce
incalculable
thing
benefits
that
India
of
cheap
after
wants
food.
but
the
question,
my
opponents,
attention
sent
papers
with
unaccountable
the
if you
to
simple
of
account
which
Salisbury,
really contains
all the
and
is the
you
Lord
which
glad, indeed,
and
the
one
Manchester
points
I shall
of
are
water.
of
actual
in
management
out
printed
forgotten,
by
by
the
the
and
quite
made
want
enormous
solely
by
and
leaves
carriage
at
no
the
the
rupees.
all this
contest
of
note
and
rupee,
is
Government
and
moment's
want
water-rates
result
in interest
forty
And
the
no
in
pense,
ex-
them,
is
in
food
yielding
profits gained
one
works
direct
of
any
word
practicable
with
to
taking
cost
about
only
revenue,
the
in
The
van
even
returns
this, without
at
millions
but
famine,
present
there
immense
ten
or
only supplying
not
taken
be
this
the
want
at
the
there
and
year,
the
appoint
of
that
that
subject,
mention
perverseness
worst
the
who
is
Water.
than
out,
on
ago
not
certainly
can
sent
the
about
depends.
thing,
were
those
and
shall
they
measure
India
prevent
everything
obvious
one
years
they,
all
upon
men
eighteen
which
in
and
depend
which
investigation
in
to
to-day
which
on
certain
ablest
is, that
can
for
written
wanted
Times
India,
one
more
the
on
agreed
Who
the
consider
point
in
famines
and
;
to
one
be
can
of
is
The
in
Commission
of, except
Nothing
I have
memo.
consider
article
long
Agricultural
spoken
India.
in
There
of
copies
what
to
1898.
20^
"
you
as
573
alt
the
great
misstatements
facts
stated
by
your
way
to
this subject, which
is
indeed
can
see
my
I had
me.
give
a
AfeTHUR
SIR
574
in
great
one,
it and
the
view
hundreds
by neglecting
of
of
and
dependent
lives
that
money
raising
few
disgrace
greatest
and
ever
bringing
Christianity throughout
upon
losing
are
we
while
navigation,
in
Government,
any
of
millions
judgment
Traffic, the
by
name
of
millions
irrigation
God's
Opium
of the
COTTON
curring
in-
are
we
millions
by
brought
upon
reproach
the
self
it-
the
upon
China.
Ever
yours,
ARTHUR.
Even
he
after
had
suffered
from
no
nor
his
natural
was
One
receiving
at
other
friends^
surprised
weak
had
next
three
even
able
to
had
change
come
''On
Sunday,
cheerful
much
through
to
those
9, he
whole
the
on
felt
all
very
that
evident
than
we
greatly
he
though,
more
topic
every
said
was
two
or
were
we
he
and
days
lay
his
the
during
and
once
that
saw
was
great
"
Bible
book.
service
had
downstairs,
exertion
church
had
of
not
sitting
become
for
only
gone
very
deal, but
good
The
in
latterly he
sofa
his
on
his
other
any
him, and
for
great
of
July
one
him.
bright, reading
and
inclining
rallied
over
writes
that
It
up.
delighted
and
freely
seemed
downstairs,
come
mother
them
left him,
he
much
very
Monday,
get
suddenly
weeks,
he
next
not
dim
not
was
eye
Fred
with
well
the
on
was
brother
conversed
could
and
his
So
when,
strength
up
from
forward.
brought
My
and
he
June, 1899,
visit
His
*'
he
ninety-six
abated."
force
in
of
age
whatever.
illness
Saturday
the
attained
too
the
munion
Com-
service.
**
That
Sunday
he
evening,
the
under
the
he
stick
trees,
air, the
summer
**
said
of
help
His
we
heart
was
this
house
and
try
and
beauty
especially dwelling
in
would
and
at
to
long
sat
of
the
garden.
walk
in
time
'
the
Exactly
reached
the
God's
seat
lovely
quiet
goodness,
great
we
to
the
With
the
sweet
comfort
suited
in
garden.
he
and
for
on
the
and,
enjoying
there
scene,
praise
that
together,
shoulder,
my
full of
home
at
were
had
us,' he
had
said,
those
who
and
remaia
After
his
became
speech
last, there
very
'
On
the
love
were
who
came
of
day
in
of
pathos
all in
open
he
had
flowers
few
work,
Francis
been
had
few
"As
the
W.
of
how
power
the
details
and
general
complicated
the
conversation
to
witness
which
most
the
flowed
earnestly
with
in
the
hot-house
white
with
with
from
permitted,
his
desirous
of
and
great
that
India.
in
an
the
grasped
he
problem
new
him
worics
will
name
As
his
life
Government
of
and
was
so
manner,
results
brilliant
he
for
subject
exceptional
and
in
be
development
altogether
works,
some
lovable
and
prominent
the
and
1874
I had
before
his
a
"
irrigation
great
of
endowments,
any
laid
with
in
perception
which
formed
works
beneficent
mental
and
phases
years
Christian
was
of his
well,
him
Cotton,
his
clear
connection
was
fine
his
that
naturally
similar
he
prolonged,
the
Arthur
were
success
in
of
extension
at
life^long
spoke
follows
as
surroundings
Presidency,
associated,
ever
fired
army
different
in
wrote
Sir
and
question
remarkable
Madras
the
as
the
knew
him
order
an
rare
what
The
with
appreciating
with
**
his
were
Engineers
Royal
who
Fox,
meeting
and
or
touching
well
as
to
of
cemetery,
volley
ever
privilege, between
'99^ of occasionally
character,
of
afterwards,
months
opportunity
the
he
poor,
spoken,
past,
wreath
Corps
engaged
had
words
loyalty
beautiful
and
The
symbolising
of which
the
rich
rest.
and
his
and
sentences.
Mr.
friend,
who
by
much-valued
coffin
and
and
A
to
of the
the
country
sent
end
the
sympathy
both
the
Volunteers,
served,
was
and
memories
the
enthusiasm.
utmost
the
to
up
picturesque
laid
was
sung,
the
by
clined
de-
rapidly
looks, and
warmest
the
to
he
covered
his
to
which
with
grave
devotion
which
that
Jack
the
numbers
hymns
keeping
Union
the
the
strength
neighbours,
our
large
in
his
unintelligible, but,
funeral
by
Dorking,
near
that
"
the
shown
COTTON
loving, recognising
were
perfect peace.'
was
ARTHUR
SIR
576
alwajrs
was
of
India
should
introduce
financial
works,
1877
several
*'
He
the
the
to
late
the
meeting
views
time
Hon.
John
he
own
against
canals.
influential
ing
meet-
Clifton
from
the
at
he
house
Subsequently
presided
by
his
with
him
in
and
out
of
over
in
them,
supported
in
irrigation
M.P.
Bright,
years
statistical
by
cordially sympathised
irrigation, and
the
addresses
guest
was
Manchester,
at
host, who
on
and
Clifton, and
where
held
of
large
Rochdale,
was
distinguished
his
his
effectually protected
Rooms,
Right
during
deliver
to
construction
this
at
India
duty
be
judicious
Victoria
proceeded
splendid
in
irrigation,showing,
on
could
addressed
at
of
towns
India
by
577
those
developed
visited
his
it
felt
he
English
famine
realise
seen
famine
severe
yg,
facts, how
PEACE
parts of India.
the
to
had
he
AND
and
blessings
that
other
When
**
the
results
in
LIGHT
OF
EVENTroE
THE
Parliament.
**
of
He
had
of the
blessings
'74
years
discoveries
of
Cameron,
"
the
'79, for
to
Gordon
about
labours
and
General
to
was
of
Gordon,
him
to
during
the
the
later
Stanley
and
world.
hear
possibilitiesof
also
was
and
Soudan,
the
the
that
years
those
as
the
to
late
great
in
then
the
remember
occasionally
Nile
the
had
been
should
and
moral
with
connection
investigations,
these
the
the
in
was
Africa
these
well
as
known
Cotton,
that
world
from
Basin, and
placed
upon
regions.
vast
''Sir Arthur
in the
he
of
responsibilities which
in those
way
it
the
immense
some
during
was
of
pleasure
anxious
it
friend, the
intense
him
Continent
made
Governor-General
the
Dark
Livingstone,
were
His
and
interested
especially
how
of
up
spread
to
lines
objects
Gospel
recollect
opening
calculated
were
all
for
s)rmpathy
deepest
which
policy
''I
the
be
ever
the
material
his
seemed
to
of
means
ing
engineer-
own
be
earnestly
ameliorating
condition
of
his
in
fellow-
men.
''On
staying
out
some
another
at
Grove
occasion,
House,
experiments
in
when
Stoke
connection
Sir
Arthur
Bishop,
with
in
Cotton
order
was
to
carry
turbine
steam
37
SIR
578
be
engine
joined
had
him
of
stability of
the
had
Froude
lake
''Sir
this
became
quite
''During
House,
founder
of
Arthur
of
one
visit
Anthony
first
wife
and
George
when
for
"In
concluding
of
your
that
Sir
W.
F.
W.
much
evil
of
hatred
which
he
knew
him
acquired
knight
and
best
'
King
that
the
all
who
Arthur
loved
and
Bristol
of
dinal
Car-
those
early
assisting
of
all
in
and
gladly
of
to
him
minds
recognised
the
Round
revered."
allowed
be
sympathy,
invincible
an
be
his
manifestations,
giving
hearts
and
character,
believed
its
scences
remini-
imperfect
gentleness
he
and
cidence,
coin-
the
then
was
father, may
united
other's
brother
since
seen
Cotton
curious
visit, at
(th^
the
became
each
a
the
work.
force
in
over
this
brief
what
of
form
Newman
Cotton's
follow
family
Arthur
by
dad
Bag-
at
became
sisters
Sir
Sir
he
where
to
not
few
intense
stopped
had
and,
esteemed
Arthur
an
Down.
whose
missionary
these
Grove
at
Ashley
Newman
where
characteristics
true
itself
turbine
on
after
hours
had
to
original
per
Miiller, the
pleased
he
these
the
Bristol, his
the
missionary
first time,
few
in
with
determination
and
on
George
Both
whom
Bagdad,
combined
ficial
arti-
Cotton
sojourns
India,
to
of
were
Groves
say
torian),
his-
the
late
man,
one
the
met,
the
to
Mullen
Miiller
Anthony
to
had
revolutions
of
arms
well*known
the
Newman),
at
he
the
on
near
Cotton's
journey
station, Francis
railway
the
young
George
acquaintance
days
Groves,
of
he
the
of
Arthur
hundred
orphanages
great
with
late
Sir
several
that
paid
overland
acquainted
into
experiments
models
works
Arthur
Sir
was
the
an
naval
some
as
invisible.
Cotton,
on
Inquiry
battleships,
some
at
at
great
so
where,
(brother
with
Hope
house.
witness,
speed
of
accompanied
working
minute,
of
making
Torquay
to
turbine
result
the
Hope
occasion
"
Froude
Mr.
James
Torquay,
of
Class
late
been
hb
at
James
steam
the
investigate
to
that
of
guest
from
way
Invincible
"
Sir
Admiral
Commission
Royal
the
late
his
on
COTTON
the
designed,
there
Chairman
been
ARTHUR
that
all
influence
the
of
duty,
those
that
Table,'
who
he, like
was
THE
EVENTIDE
Sir
Richard
to
Sankey,
all
the
of
him
to
expected
great
long
it
deferred
has
I,
test,
any
given
to
behind
time
philanthropist,
-the
scientific
officer,
those
of
creator
that
pathise
sym-
life
which,
such
has
endure
must
or
is
as
He
world.
which
name
very
now
was
this
in
attain
to
been
greatness,
true
very
husband,
your
His
of
and
as
knew
his
much,
how
have
at
have
not
say
who
one
fame
could
and
might
we
still,
affliction.
your
few
whether
all
and
was
very
him
century
hardly
need
in
you
by
only
all
happened,
judged
left
but
with
the
event
pathy
sym-
health
life,
temperate
survive
sorrowful
the
age,
of
letter
extraordinary
really
his
579
"
husband's
your
result
PEACE
in
K.C.B.,
remarked
from
vitality,
AND
LIGHT
R.E.,
mother,
my
Though
''
OF
as
practical
splendid
to
along
works
"
East
the
of
of
coast
and
lives,
which
India
will
have
continue
already
do
to
so
long
as
thousands
saved
world
the
as
lasts."
These
are
and
desired
be
must
noblest
the
the
"
His
can
grandest
thousands
do
of
so
be
spoken
as
long
They
Memoir.
of
endure
lives,
as
and
already
the
will
world
can
tinue
con-
lasts."
man,
any
which
have
.
to
this
these
as
works
saved
of
testimony
such
things
only
for
words
which
words
constitute
final
the
"
be
Index
Aldershot
556.
Alexandria
Abyssinia
Acre:
Expedition,
Bridge
Aden
453
15.
in
454
Recorded
Experience
Famines
Former
434.
Administration
1874
America
Reports
346.
Central
Provinces,
338;
346*
345;
Mr.
425
Anicuts
and
Oudh,
results
wonderful
563
524;
West
"
South
508
516.
514.
550.
264
"
has
said,
are
made
'
Aqueduct
ture).
over
water
all
**God
209
Arabs:
things
Aralam
427.
581
517;
:
143
(pic
534-
533;
to
496.
:
:
Busrah,
532-3
78.
by
522.
33;
:
Lady
Godavari
Primer
169;
"
340.
and
503;
Arabic
1568:
339.
340.
Railway
534Sea
"
From
473.
341.
Lord
Arabian
358.
Badshah,
*
338.
Annesley,
Shah
139
340.
Arabia:
406.
:
340.
Vriddhachalam,
"
102
340.
Vallum,
462.
320;
Agriculture : Indian, 464 ; 573.
Implements,
412
; 4x3.
New
:
hope for British
541-547*
British
Statistics
for
Agricultural
India, 1888-89 : 412.
Agriculturalists : 413.
Ahmadabad
:
406.
Ajmere-Merwara
473.
341.
Tirukkoyilur,
395.
Agra:
Ahmednagar
548.
140.
Srivaikuntam,
Vans
Poinay, 340.
Sangam,
339.
Shatiatope, 341.
551.
R.
341
370
102
Penn^ru,
550.
473.
Anicut,"
Grand
Palar,
529;
483.
Railway,
Lower,
Pelandorai,
North-
Akbar
490
71.
Mehmattur,
530.
450;
340.
Marudur,
564.
517;
513;
"*
536-547.
Cotton,
North
Agnewi
63
Godavari,
A.
297;
402
Sind
Dowlaisweram,
Soil
of
West
Cauvery,
Cheyaru,
Coleroon,
"
"
297
Theory
An^lo-Israelite
424;
Provinces
West
577.
Central:
"
528
406.
Andrews,
345.
"
447;
407;
Islands
Punjab, 345.
386.
Adyar:
Africa:
294.
Andaman
433-
by Sir
Afghanistan
527
473-
228
Amritsar
347.
Madras,
Aeration
541.
Bengal,
Bombay,
North-
29
canal, 89.
Ambravatty
;
28
75;
470
Amalapur
503.
Administrative
27
534.
Allahabad:
533.
532;
Adam's
502.
421.
34.
Sir
A.
Cotton
INDEX
582
N.
W.
Alexander
Sir
Arbathnot,
Kindersley,
56.
Sir
George:
Gen.
223;
Balfour,
speech supporting Sir A. Cotton,
519262-264;
Mr.
re
52.
Works,
Cauveri
^fiK,
Edmund
by
speech
of,
Ballarat
Burke,,6i.
North.
240
62
South,
425
shire:
452*
Canal
Bank
A.
Sir
of
David
Robert
Round
the
of
Bamet
226
499
Canal
Mr.,
Cotton.
Mr.
Ashbury,
Ashley Down
311;
James
331.
Bay
578.
Shidiak
366
402
Athemeutn:
399.
Australia
Visits
43*
38;
548
142
Cotton,
117.
Capt.
234
237
289
311
348
Ayrton,
Com.,
Hon.
1872,
S.
Pari.
Chn.
Berar:
Bevan,
Tower
Babylon
of, 534.
35;
534.
(Bulrush
price
405.
Balasur:
Balfour,
291.
289
332
334
343
344
349
350
351
358
3^6;
388
391
; 392
403
: 404
; 421
; 424
millet)
of, 1873
average
1897,
and
A.
J.
264
130
167.
3635
358;
426.
426 ; 433
472;688.
471;
378;
373;
386.
127
C.
R.
282
403
267
river:
283
294
176;
L.:
I7S.
451.
302.
:
Bhowany
295.
Bhurtpore : 8.
Sir
Bible:
Reading,
delight in, 19 ; 20
Society: 496; 551.
Bilaspur : 404.
:
Bimiipatam
95.
78.
Bingen:
"
317.
Rt.
Hon.
464;
A.
;
16"
320;
29.
Bhagavati,
Bhecma
252
460.
Bacon,
Bahrein
233;
Bezwada
408.
Roger:
Bakerganj : 406.
26 ; 29 ; 31 ; 32 ; 34
:
Bagdad
36 ; 37 ; 503 ; 534 ; 578.
251
324
345 ; 585 ;
Mrs.
and
Mr.
Beyrout
534.
287
;
:
231
250;
225
75;
421
Betwa
222
; 249
298;
443;46o;
Bengal :
Bay of, 78
3955
4";
of, 50a.
; 414
407
211.
447.
296
386;
A.
358
332;
438;
406.
235
322
27.
Rt.
252
280.
278;
;
550.
547.
4*6;
38s;
362
Maharajah
Bengal : 176
of
of
251
"
Avignon
247
Benares:
46-49.
refs.
1691
Manna,
70;
42;
project
storage,
Cotton,
Gen.
of
41;
40;
Water
421.
362; 363; 393;

BelUry:
294;
40^;
398;
396;
397;
466.
465
5
;
425
150.
newspaper,
526.
Duke
Belgaum
426.
S^;
5^9;
489.
384;
gold, 44.
Captain
of
Discovery
Behar
421
Madras
Attaly:
by
paper
137
343.
Islands
Bedford,
31.
30;
and
405.
Beckenham:
447.
393;
price of, 1873
52s
410.
342
Bastar
264.
Royal
Society,
Ashburner,
374.
Mr.
512
B*"f
the
Asiatic
Berar
on
paper
375.
374;
420;
173.
182.
172
369
Barnstaple:
Egypt:
B""""e,
532.
531.
Ashbumer,
269;
410.
Barley : average
1897, 403
579.
Ashantee:
350.
166;
89.
Sir
Barbour,
Barclay,
Bari-Doab
King,
Table":
Bajra
349
422.
339.
R., 80.
Arts, Society of:
348
156;
"Arthur,
Babel
179.
Bangalore:
514.
Wright,
"^ssam
190.
Balmoral
proposals, 456.
Arkenkota
Assad
4^5
220.
consideration
Cotton's
Asia:
3^3
272.
Baluchistan
of
Promised
Ark
362
196
Duke
AiÛ,
241
4iS5.
426;
Gto-
Economic
of
author
Nawab
"
Mr.
Ball,
Arcot
Cotton's
;
;
INDEX
584
Cautley, Sir Proby : engineer, 178 ;

Canal
Controversy
433 ; Ganges
with
Sir A.
Cotton, 46^474.
Cauveri
to
:
Capt. Cotton
appointed
well^
Cald20
charge of works,
; CoL
Chinglepiit
opinion, 52, 53;
Chronicle,
roon
Hon.
rcfs.
Gen.
93
294;
296;
339;
343;
433;
435;
509
Cawnpore
Ceded
Districts
Census
Report
Central
344:
3S5:
427;
461;
471;
473;
406
94
415
; 421
454
296
Civil
Coal
385
424
to
75
220
up,
by
426
open
Report
in, 404
**
15
Colgong
169
F.
in
of
rector
409
Chanda
254
Changras
Chapman,
14
169.
57
370
Tank
340.
384 ; 386 ; 428 ; 43a

:
: 221
Chesney, Col., r.b.
; 456
; 259
extorted
Irrigation extension
suffering,*'419.
by famine
Cheshire:
18; 486.
Chenab
"
H.
Hon.
Rt.
264
267
300.
China
lake
Chinese:
555.
27
255
294
59;
146;
139;
385
58;
57;
52;
Baron
433
211;
473-
8.
House
of:
501;
1872,
Committee,
503;
211-214,
Select
for
motion
on
G.
mittee
Com-
Lord
Balfour,
262-264.
1878
Committee,
motion,
of
defence
terms
Sir
2x6-217;
his
A.
integrity,
of, 264
Members
210.
Sir
6.
262
490;
judge
Campbell
as
witness,
tion,
day*s examina265, 266 ; First
267-291 ; Secondday, 291Third
day, 30a
Report
;
300
of
Committee,
;
304 ; 306-308
Memorandum
in reply by Sir A.
Cotton,
295,
311
524.
481
551
570.
G.
Campbell,
Fischer, 388-399;
general
refe., 328. 354 ; 46i
Committee
railways, 1884
363.
302.
from
extracts
309-327;
of Sir
Col.
Select
490.
563.
Chilka
464.
evidence
340.
Childers,
Chilik:
;
;
and
485.
Chumars
7.
Cotton's
lectures,
Chembrambakam
Cheyaru
451.
Select
302.
370.
135
295
; 293
George Hamilton,
216-224
Fawcett,
; Henry
;
257
Sir
258-261
Bright,
John
;
262
CampbelC
261,
George
;
War,
296
134
Queen's
1878 :
Speech,
214
Wilbraham
on
Address,
Speech
Egerton, 215.
of
:
341
55.
Mr.
Chatham
295
534.
437.
44;
577.
Select
Sir
294
91
283
124;
93;
Commons,
385.
Chambal:
;
;
Our**
22;
Debate
Burmese
16
Abbey,
198.
Beckenham,
Canal
Combermere
460.
S^S-
"
Rev.
Chalmers,
282
Coffee Room,
231
Sir
lake
Chad,
438 ; 447.
". Tennent,
16
by
Ceylon,
296
460;
362;
302;
425.
Lake
Colair
:
131
; 145.
410.
Ceylon
89
275
Coimbatore
river
82
Cochrane's
before
Famim
OH
277
457
3"";325;334;455;46o;
403;
;
253
455
78.
Cocanada
*S4
250.
59.
Coleroon:
346
389;
436
388
233
Coblentz:
navigation,
372-380.
of irrigation in, by Sir
Stoppage
265.
George Campbell,
"
232
Coanud
i860,
"
229
503.
458.
316; 323
470.
canal
and
457
63;
416.
Indian
Service,
Clyde
466,
The
Missionary Society: 496;

Circars, Northern:
248; 421.
413.
366
Attempt
"
334;
;
:
231
333;
Provinces
358
230
306;
542.
280
:
139
426.
Daily,
Church
figures after fourteen

of Upper
Lower
and
Coleanicuts,
63 ; opinion of
cipal
John Sullivan, 64 ; of Prinof Tanjore, 64.
Collector
years
432.
Chota-Nagpur
official
563.
Cholera:
of work,
district, 52 ; scheme
57 ;
results, 59;
opinion of
expected
Board
of Revenue,
after ten years,
63
465.
Chitral
of
state
150.
Chittoor
opinion, 1804, 51 ; nature

Bairdof
river, 52, 58 ; Col.
Mr.
Smith's,
Kindersley's, CoL
Sim's,
435.
Chinnoor:
Commons,
408.
on
:
359
Remonstrances
extension
;
360
of
of
361
the:
INDEX
Comorin,
Cape:
296
297
290;
462
Sir
continuid
465.
Gvnbral
Cotton,
295;
294;
; 302
301
585
Congleton, Lord
:
31 ; 37.
Congo States ; 513 ; 514 ; 515.
Congress, International
406.
:
anicuts,
Connemara,
and
value
Department
65 ; superintendence
Lord:
Constantinople
Control,
Board
Coomassie
of:
Cooper's Hill
Coorg : 366.
Coringa : 82
Comwallis,
89
135
145
steam
month,
344.
170.
Sir
T.
Arthur
character
in
birth,
40
scent,
de-
parentage,
early characteristics,
canal-making
amusement,
as
12
extension
of
71
Survey
Ordnance
Madras,
to
1821,
Tank
Panmben
repairs
Burmese
First
dislike
i6~i8
of
appointed
superintendent
central
Department,
health,
20;
20;
of
21
20
Cauveri
work
for
evolv"i
Cotton,
21
jungle fever,
21
21
absent
and
sick-leave
and
in
tastes
House,
31
stay
Bushire,
at
arrival
37
of
work
on
work
for
and
utilised
in
Cauveri,
six
visit
to
40-44
38
steady
controlled
by
means
of
huge
from
117;
17-120
120
davari
Go-
on
difficulties
splendid
report
to
pletion,
com-
of
Board
Government,
from
a
Court
Hindu
Veranah,
Melbourne,
Madras
146
123-126
also
Veenem
-
progress
121
from
dug,"
Cotton,
further
115
fears
Mauritius,
Revenue,
126
of
on
hindered
Australia,
to
122
bay,
Bom-
Court
begun
115;
Fred
overcome,
at
river
94-98
estimates,
of
I'S;
works,
resumption
years,
river
to
serious
grave
India,
letter
tails
9^; de-
work
satisfactory progress,
breakdown
in health,
117;
of
delta,
artizans,
leave
from
*'
116;
cus,
Damas-
left
for
Bagdad,
32-37
;
May 21, 1833, 37 ;
illness
of
want
sick
of
1847,
establishment,
France,
letter
112
freshes,
21
ject
pro-
After, 77-
work,
through
Switzerland,
Belgium,
Egypt, Syria, Palestine,
26-31 ;
Bagdad,
Mission
for
and
approval
Godavari,
of
life,
overland
saved
control
on
Directors,
provement,
im-
half years,
fluence
in-
74
proposed
107-111
Europe,
to
74
Cotton,
of
attacks
73
Fred
to
Fred
Lieut
repeated
India
to
letter
sanctioned,
of
two
serious
return
irrigation
assistance
report
and
to
promoted
; appointed to charge
irrigation, 20 ; plans
20
Captain,
92;
in
Pass
Before
"
ginnings
be-
Tank
Paumben
deep
Vizagapatam
19
breakdown
struction
; con-
72
wreckers,
make
Godavari
gineer
en-
division
72
principal port of India, 74-76

appointed to Rajahmundry,
77
Mount,
War,
voyage,
church,
Hindus,
from
not
Vizaga-
to
on
convictions,
to
military
18 ;
card-pUying,
religious life,
to
vessel
to
23
health
groynes,
over
trict,
Dis-
Thonuis'
Sl
religious
supervision
on
of
of
24
cyclone
erection
return
marriage,
appointed
to
ordered
leave, 23
70;
of
survey
Southern
work
buildings,
15;
in
15
appointment
15
Pass,
16
15
patam,
of South
return
doctors
and
favourite,
40
India,
to
Lear-
John
great
23
robust, 70
14;
Wales,
in
Dept,
of Tank
16
Chatham,
Sir
in Tasmania
23
Eneineers,
14;
Madras,
return
12
dered,
hin-
health,
Miss
to
met
Tasmania,
Red
to
in
Expedition,
cadetship for
India, 13 ; Addiscombe
Military
to
College,
Royid
13 ;
appt.
fearlessness,
23
arrival
Pole
Prologue,
Madras
Franklin,
Lady
Tanks,
of construction
completion
engagement
39;
79
Irrigation
of
breakdown
of
Tasmania,
38 ; Hobart
centrifugal
experiments"
accident,
engine, serious
to
Town,
191.
of
Summary
142
66
Board
of
railway,
38,
67
378.
Grnbral
4,
of
378.
visit
Hills
Cotton,
205
456.
coast
wold
3,
430
Lord:
Coromandel
Cots
199
duties
on
Hills,
163
535.
517.
150
36
Revenue
503.
135;
Harbour
51-61 ; Madras
65 ; report to
Scheme,
T.,
Arthur
"
tions
congratulaof
tors,
Direc-
overseer,
128,
129
chief
of
appointed
engineer
works,
Presidency, 129 ; extended
of
navigable
131 ; development
channels,
131-134;
founder
of
INDEX
586
Cotton,
Gbnbbal
Sir
continued
in
the
world,
of
success
139
works,
life
family
Godavari
dunng
of
work,
health
168
and
155;
F.
Rev.
Chalmers,
170
super-Mare,
170;
Hills,
170;
assistance
deigy,
170
address,
170-172
London,
173;
return
home
172
Madras
177
; scheme
175
of
Bhagavati,
on
Governor
from
of
praise
1858,
supreme
Orissa
Irrigation, 178 ;
178 ; lecture
on
work
at
Rajmabal,
178; report
Canal,
Ganges
178 ; retired,
on
in
i860, 178 ; banquet
London,
for
178 ; knighthood, 179 ; work
in England,
India
181, 184-203;
stay at Barnstaple, 182 ; humour,
on
visit
to
Calcutta,
204-208
witness
before
214
of Commons
; House
attack
severe
214-224
mentary
Parlia-
on
an
reply
to
;
of
delta
works
Southern
Madras,
canals
232
Orissa
in
Godavari
and
Northern
230
and
navigation,
India,
235
works,
no
"as
empty
dc^s examsmtnavigation canal

detailed
lines
navigation all
twenty-five schemes
India,
fit for
acres
irrigation,"
rivers
utilised, sketch
of
expert
of
railways
on
frivolous
309-327
be
on
Committee
to
India
;
A.
receipts
capital
and
gation,
irri-
mode
of
Memorandum
questioning, 305;
by Sir A. Cotton
gain
304
Sir
to
railway
1878, 304
to
Sir
300-303
Committee^
unfairness
304;
losses
to
timate
es-
concession,
non-expert,
v,
Select
works,
;f 50,000,000^
cost,
567 ; report
306-308;
day's
proposed
ot
Campbell's
George
financial
nird
provision, 291-300;
:
for
mU-
of
discussion
examination
of
over
hundred
"many
of
ever
statement
of
Madras,
be
that,"
as
Second
completed,
Report
of
estimated
by public works,
to
precious metal
no
compared
for
value
with
precious than
367 ; sixty
gold in Australia,
times
valuable, 368 ; detailed
as
statements
regarding the opening
Provinces
of the Central
by river
water,
tion
naviga-
throughout
Tungabudra
267-291
lions
Fischer,
suppCMrt by Gen.
Godavari
defence
reservoir,
storage
305
discriminating
advocate
irrigation, 225;
cent
reresults
not
ignored, 226 ;
why the Tungabiftira works
were
only partially successful,
227 ;
'247
224
district
every
per
canals
in every
in
lating
cheaper than railways, vacilauthorities
not
fied
justipolicy,
in stopping
supplies, Knrnool canal
mismanagement,
lect
negleaffirmed,
by authorities
expenditure
cism,
criti-
official
;^30,ooo
transit,
steamboat
man,
adverse
Godavari
1878,
way
and
debate,
absent
irrigation
Cotton,
1872,211-
Committee,
cheap
declines
ment
Govern-
in
unfinished
main
of
guest
177
to
invented,
mountains
annum,
asked,
irrigation,
railways do net
irrigation,range
views,
what
navigation,
tion
tendance
at-
Grant
Trevelyan,
to
report
176;
Madras,
Sir
P.
Sir
Mutiny,
during
177
Gen.
control
176
questions
of
of
265 ; complete
questions,
all
to
summary
the
kenzie,
Mac-
for
opposed,
committee,
of same,
Cotton,
Colin
Major
to
in
ing
connect-
244;
hundred
nine
great
ment
Govern-
respectingColonel
visit
chief
kept for him,

of Engineers,
from
letter
to
Bamet,
at
India,
to
not
ensineership
176; Commandant
176$
return
navigation
answers
for
given to
missionary
of
transit
to
as
works
urgently
an
appeal and
a
required, 245;
Select
246;
pathetic defence,
of
Committee
titude
at1878 : hostile
dread
Cotswold
243
links,
works
Weston-
to
notes
delusion
India,
of
to
Tun-
to
to
241
do, objections
voyage,
169
169
T.,
"
be
to
irrigation sources
;
tapped, 239; singular statements,
of
land,
Eng-
to
of
Penge,
to
Wells,
bridge
172
167
159;
account
visit
sick
165 ;
thropic
philan-
affected, furlough
167
of
237
lake,
Palaveram,
at
missionary
to
;
;
pearance
disap-
Ootacamund
home
135
142
progress
hills, 164;
the
to
151-163;
works,
leave
134
activity,
constant
165
help
engineering
opposition of
138 ; recognition
;
Arthur
Sir
General
Cotton,
of
137
Government,
of
T.,
continued
school
cheapest
Arthur
"
367
more
INDEX
Cotton,
Gbneral
Sir
continued
Cotton,
canal, 372-381
;
money,
material
tax,
Sir
Cotton's
India,
A.
of salt
433-436 ; storage
Orissa
the
438;
visit,
water,
1862, 439 ; project to supply the
Camatic
Tanks,
465 ; Indian
work,
the
"*
466-468;
Father
of
delta,'' 467;
Godavari
with
Sir
Proby
troversy
con-
Cautley,
Canal,
469regarding Ganges
reply to Sir James Stephen,
474;
addresses
Manchester
475-477
Indian
Association,
Edinburgh
do.
477-482
517
Sir
Bartle
Frere,
Nile
have
saved
trip
Gordon,
Norway
to
visit
513;
to
514;
^18;
suggested
boats,
periments
ex-
519-521
unproved
135.
chief
members
1535,
Arthur
10
Cotton
brother
Cotton,
Cotton:
Vere
Indian
brother
Cotton,
Admiral,
Calveley Cotton
Sir
Arthur
of
la
brother
retired
Cotton,
General,
of
12.
10.
Arthur
Major
; 11.
mother
Cotton,
Arthur
Frederick
Cotton
Conyers
Sir
of
TAe
to
steamer,
Calveley
Sir
of
Presidency
with
of, since
Francis
work,
519;
fiunily, the
civilian,
and
Commission,
Sewage
Arthur
Charles
525-529;
temperance
Cotton^
of
Guar-
letter
566.
Cotton
Mis.
soil, 536-
Manchester
to
nave
tion
; cultiva-
of
537-540;
^22
would
525-531
aeration
letter
Sir
Sweden,
Ballinakill, Scot-
land,
547
169,
that
Gordon,
and
Scott-Moncrieff, 508-512;
which
would
navigation
Colin
Primer,
navigation
Times,
Sir
lish
Eng-
tion
transit, communica-
Arabic
Nile
"iûm,
to
486-
works,
by the Congo,
of
study
opium
living
revenue,
finance, 485 ;
languages, Indian
of
national
Interfamines.
prevention
Congress at Manchester,
river, 486 ;
navigationof Kareen
N.
African
W.
expedition, 514-
Dorking, 496 ; committee

work, 496-7 ; carious coincidence
concerning
plans of Woodcot,
letters
Miss
to
Florence
498;
Nightingale and others, 499-508
letters
the
Soudan
with
Literary Institute,
at
in
tax,
salt
Tungabudra
intemu
saved
land-
works
income-tax,
mans
T.,
reducing
various
on
453-460;
poor
489
Arthur
effect of
452
visit to Sheffield
reservoir,
stay in Ireland, Bryansford,
Park, 494-496;
tling
setTollymore
484
494
Sir
"
beneficial
enthusiasm,
moral,
of
India
tributes,
General
continued:
and
to
T.,
"
415
value
Arthur
587
C.S.I.,
10
tricycle, 521 ; various

writings (see pp. 525-566); death
and
funeral,
tributes
574-76;
article
from
opinions regarding railwajrs and

irrigation, 67-69 ; letter to, from
Cotton,
Capt. Arthur
;
117-120
appointed to charge of Godavari
dams
in
works,
sandy
129;
beds, 139;
population in Sind,
Mr.
R.
Sir
Extracts
from
of
Fox
W.
and
Gen.
576-579.
and
writing
of
Poverty
value
F.
Sankey,
India,
its
letters
186
cause,
189; neglect of
water,
irrigation works,
parison
com-
ancient
of
British
policy of
comparison
ancient
with
irrigation
rulers,
193 ;
district
of
irrigated
with
unirrigated
^Tanjore)
results
(Guntoor), 199 ; Tanjore
"
of
liberal
putty
2*6
in
treatment,
pamphlet
India,
railway,
372-378
well
topics
river
437;
294,
to
and
India
on
tap
Central
439
navigation,
441
Irrigation Co.,
442
value
water
of
river
water,
445;
and
schemes,
1900,
21
letter
462
Henry
gation
irri-
10;
493-
Oriel,
Sydney
his
35
Mutiny,
Lawrence,
Chelsea
last hours,
brother
at
9,
of
services
letter
10;
Hospital,
561*2.
of
87, 561.
brother
Cotton,
8
of
Provost
died
Sir
gation
irri-
anient,
Cotton,
Arthur
of
navigation
Indian
Cotton
of
brother
Kumool
Cotton,
Lord
over
447*452
10
fJEither of
7.
Cotton,
Ljmch
during
mous
enor-
Arthur's
Cotton
Cotton,
Arthur
Sir
; Eîst
works,
Sir
on
Calveley Cotton
Arthur
Richard
v,
Cauveri
Calveley
Sir
Sir
Magnine^
574.
Sir Arthur
Hugh
II
works,
India,
Orissa,
on
Btackwooo^s
May,
great
202;
road"making,
public works
204;
case,
in
from
nor
Gover-
561
INDEX
588
Cotton
l4uly
Damascus
156;
Bangalore,
last
Dams
Cotton
Alfred
served
flying colours," 498;

Commission,
Boundary
; married
563-4
Heatb^ 564
died
West
Baxon
Cotton
H.
R.
Lord,
Cranbourne,
Lord
Cranbrook,
appeal
Lord
Crops
Mr.:
:
369
264
357
:
from
England,
Lord
68
440.
letters
four
566-574.
243 ; 328
Cotton,
Arthur
Sir
river
219
Rai
Dickens,
Col.
36a
4*5
41.
Kedleston:
of
Prod,
M.P.
364.
57a
45a
331;
231;
567
273.
Mulhall
264.
:
Dolphin's Nose
72 ; 73 ; 75 ; 76.
:
Dondapad
343.
: 465.
Doomagoodien
Dorking : 496 ; 497 ; 53^ ; 55^-
46a
394*
:
438.
ofStaHsHcs,
Comp.
Pari,
DotTs
301;
542-547*
Mauritius
128.
Mr.,
40.
39,
493.
Econ.
Dictionary
294;
Tasmania,
182;
Dhaupat
Doab;
287;
Deep,
Lord,
of, 439,
Anthony
T.
Devonshire:
397.
339;
Pipe,
384.
358.
treatment
Dixon,
286;
Curzon,
62.
Dtctienofy,
CumbumTank:
Cure
Dethy,
famine,
returns
John :
:
Capt
40.
408.
:
34a
Cultivation
Delki
Derwent
in
cultivation
Cuddapah:
Clinton
406.
from
489.
1877-78
542-7.
Cross, Mr.
Crusades
Doon
:
168.
Enormous
Crozier,
49.
:
50;
A., M.L.A.
JS ;
84; 87; 88; 93; '"";
288; 328; 343 ; 345 ; 351 ;
474 ; 484.
358; 385; 3^6;
128; 333;
Delhi
Deltas
430.
of, during
409.
48
372.
429
deep
Denny,
488
381
31.
422
Loss
Cotton's
A.
D.
R.
bury).
Salis-
{See
257.
483.
421.
Sir
to, 224
274
Dehra
409.
501.
Capt.
Crawford,
Cronin,
404
388.
;
:
66;
Deccan:
of, 373-376.
Cradock,
Cromer,
growth,
profitable
plant:
transit
362.
58;
8,
503
Hon.
Deakin,
565.
Combermere,
29.
Dharwar:
to
47
Hon.
Sea:
Dead
; letters
voyage
464
293.
Dawkins,
from, 562-4 ;
England, 565 ;
testimony,
Ridgewa/s
on
Sir
Darwar
Afghanistan,
Miss
May
34
139.
river
Darling,
on
434.
233 ; 277
Sir Juland
Danvers,
with
Sandhurst
**left
Cotton,
Arthur
Sir
of
son
104;
Damuda
illness, 574-576.
32
30;
532.
collections
re-
Arthur's
Sir
of
R.
A.
Hon.
Dalyell,
reminiscences,
117;
51-156;
Arthur
Sir
of
wife
Cotton,
Dowlaisweram
area
53
79
103
120
136;
137;
irrigation, 209,
129;
124;
I2J;
Indian
Budget,
14S; 211
; 370.
210
of
Development
382; incomplete
March,
Draper's Intellectual
1900,
creased
408.
irrigation, 382 5 inEurope',
407;
figures, re
:
127 ; 217 ; 264 ;
expenditure on irrigation,
Duff, Sir M. Grant
profitable
; speech on
for
267
384.
Revenue:
Customs
420
Dacca:
317;
275;
Daiiymple,
322
East
Lord
Mr.,
Lord
East
2i6.
m.p.
359*
C,
R.
Mr.
Coast
India
483.
of
495
525
264.
Mortimer.
Sir
Durand,
Dykes,
280.
Marquis
The
570.
Dutt,
464.
Dalhousie,
291.
Dufferin,
Dunleath,
454.
439;
of,
421.
238;
Cuttack:
Cyprus:
loss
Seunine, 409.
1877-78
during
Cutch
313;
C.I.B.
:
K.CS.I.
;
194.
Canal
:
213
Association:
499-
563.
85.
^
282
54,
295.
4^2,
589
INDEX
438 ; 442
Company
India
East
205
208
Oudhi
and
N.W.P,
in
Geology:
Ashley : 317 ; 322
460 ; 463 ; 465.
Sir
325
323
I.
Sir
Edwardes,
Egerton,
28;
Egypt:
137;
577.
Khedive
"
of:
Ekrookh
73
Canal
33*
511;
Sio;
343;
Irrigation
Bengal,
570;
535;
459.
91
Better
142
213
Elphinstone,
Bart,
James,
m.p.
**
K.
82.
319;
167
378;
457;
462;
481;
36
78
187
253
486;
488;
493;
499;
505;
510;
524;
525;
550;
557;
Govt.
English
Dr.
in
India
Esdraelon
279
revenue,
of, in
5
;
3^
salt
Increased
529.
393
532
408
and
534.
313.
1877-78
Government
:
Expenditure
famine,
1877-78
409.
409.
on,
"
Total
in
Water
"
550.
Ezion-geber:
wages,
"
famine,
Cost
ments
orna-
food, 41
1.
agricultural
412.
413.
capital, interest,413.
profits,413.
and
lives, 414.
cost, money
wasted, 306-7.
of, 1900
partial,416-7.
:
Histories,
Famine
550.
of
houses,
cattle,
Loss
silver
410.
price
implements,
534.
410.
,,
silver
Country
409.
409.
"
"
36.
Revenue,
Ezekiel:
excise
"
Loss
Euphrates : 33 i 34
Europe : 297 ; 311
Loss
409.
sold,
237
409.
revenue,
40.
Canal
customs
442.
351
409.
crops,
"
Hemds
English
169.
Marsh,
Engineers
E^hus:
Excise
335.
neglected,
Expend.,
land
Loss
515.
and
Hearts
333.
higher rentals, 334.
of, 1877-8
Cost
"
"
of
Erie
Madras,
Sind,
Prov.,
Orissa,
332;
advantage to State," 357.

1898 :
5,000,000
irrigable, 298 ; food prices,
acres
559.
Church
"
Behar,
404.
447;
519;
N.W.
Punjab,
in
blameable,
Great
407;
490;
Commission,
"
292;
England
356.
16.
L.
359
justified,330
Recommendations
Sir
357
337.
crops,
Mysore
282.
E.
334
Deccan,
449
89
1880
329 ; 336 ; 351All irrigation works
515.
320
412.
Alleged irrigation failure, 286-7.

place,"
first
Irrigation to have
215.
530;
Ellore
525;
5";
India,
Southern
in
"
Herbert
Wilbraham
432.
424.
420;
173-
74;
431
Commission
"
407.
418-
of, 4)86.
Campaign
387; 411;
"
Edinburgh:
137.
Literary Institute, 484.
Edward
428
Prevention
;
life, 401.
save
27.
Camps,
Ball, 272.
Eden,
to
England, 407.
Alleged insufficiency of rain,
410.
ci.B.,
389.
now,
392.
1770,
In
407.
Economic
of
Bengal,
Enquiries:
Currency
Condition
Economic
150
Determination
Graham,
Donald
80
"
frequency
Remarkable
25a
India
East
36
continued:
Famines,
pany
Irrigation Com469.
; 443 ;
and
Canal
India
East
Gen.
357,
80;
refs., 60;
357;
214;
477;
432;
431;
289;
478;
504.
Henry,
Fawcett,
264
Famines
Record
Fenwick,
since
Forty famines
fiftyyears,
Railways not
Insurance
"i
Once
1853, 357-8.
or
scarcities
in
nearly
359.
preservative, 362-3.
fund, 364.
in a hundred
years," 388.
Ferozepur
Feudatory
Fever:
267
States
216;
257;
366;
396;
292.
256;
476.
444;
Finances,
Capt. : 374.
448.
:
247;
Fife, Mr.
M.P.
335.
257;
433 ; 493.
Indian:
485.
INDEX
590
Fischer,
Gen.
361
269
393-99
Fodder
412
Food
Forbes,
H.
Fort
Dept. : 429.
St. GeoTige : 150
Fort
Su
Canal
Fox,
F.
Franklin,
148;
46
Sir
India
455
464
Fnllerton,
Fyzabad
103-111
578.
:
Capt. : 15.
praise
"liquid
400.
necessary,
126
from
231;
421
Ganjam
90
425
Garwhal
501
;
:
S.S.,
Gautami:
79;
Geneva:
339
Gilgit
works,
320
Association,
45^
Father
I. P.
35^
363.
515.
421
493-
Rt
Gloacestershire
General
290
420
421.
519.
253
170;
W.
427.
".
172.
51
1.
437
40
*'the
to
Delta,'*467.
44
160;
157;
398;
District
53
163;
75
165
190
203
213
220
225
230
235
239
242
246
247
249
250
251
254
265
270
280
275
282
275
273
281
291
293
294
295
316
334
306; 308;
318 ; 323
338 ; 343
369
370
373
374
375
368
376
377
385
395
396
390
415
425
4*7
433
435
437
43"
441
443
446
447
449
450
451
455
456
; 459
460
462
466
467
468
469
473
476
484; 489;
480
506 ; 507 ; 519
501
:
Gen.
231
480;
478;
Hon.
379
Godavari
refe.
151;
301;
563.
Railway
Ghidstone,
"
evra
Bombay
works,
address
of the
502
520;
527;
54a;
567;
503
310;
255
276
283
296
257
277
284
300
315
312;
325
327
344
361
482;
528;
568;
project.
tion,
predic-
to
Cocanada,
to
of
135.
Milner
:
river
success
27.
Gibson,
G.
V.
139
unfinished
railway
289
42.
Western,
Ghent
history
Godavari
525*
1878, 315
cognition
re-
extensions,
accurate
works
in
137;
138
1882,
135;
singularly
76;
343
1890,
on
476
world,*'
success,
Fischer
27.
465
:
in
summary
gation,
navischool
**
244
504.
Society, Royal
Geographical
Germany
: 490.
Ghauts:
Eastern,
78;
295;
"
449
;
;
India
of
Geelong
223
460.
358.
Gaseoyne:
Gazetteer
503
295
219;
469-474;
75
300;
443
462;
;
297;
441
455;
500
280
296;
293;
142
127;
steamers
indifference,
192
river
23?;
288
2J3;
273
495.
150;
385.
plains,
Ganges : canal,
178;
78; 79;
190;
245
128;
engineering
1883, 134;
of
; enthusiastic
development
cheapest
;
130;
of
Countess
dam
of cost,
beneficiaries,
gold,"
Government
225;
; estimate
104
131-134
of
Gainsborough,
Gambia:
516.
Gandak:
384;
in
; economy
Directors,
440.
Mr.
Froude,
*'
508.
569.
:
40
tion,
cultiva-
sugar
probable profits, 1 07-9

; approval,
to
anient,
damage
112;
220-2;
veritable
triumph of engineering
skill," 122
April, 1852,
; report,
ment,
Govern123-6 ; congratulation.
40.
449
works
76;
75;
construction,
511.
:
:
of China
official, 89-92
53;
work,
153.
John
Bartle
5o"
461.
292
of
irrigation, 94 ; general state
of
irrigation, 96; details
proposed
419.
77-9
Famine,'*
80-2
Indian
179.
44;
river,
Great
**
cyclone, 1839, 82 ;
;
83; increase
Montgomery,
do.
84 ;
population,
revenue,
480;
imports,
exports,
revenue,
of
condition
wealth, 85 ; improved
distressed
to
86-7
people,
; succour
88 ;
native
regions,
testimony
179.
:
c.M.S.,
Sir
499
147
80;
H.
Sir
576-579
26;
Friend
1833,
430.
454
H.
Frere,
428.
Revirw:
Mr.
W.
Rev.
France
457.
Fortnightly
Fouracres,
"
429
Gazette
George
description
factories,
130
233.
Godavari
455-
Goalunda:
502.
Forth
251.
Mr.
"
Forest
129
250;
411
290
502.
428
403-405
437
Fitzgerald, Vcsey
281
529;
531'.
571;
572-
333
532
INDEX
592
489.
Ingdalpar,
Innocent
III.
Intellectual
298
IV.
408.
; 433
460
in
Development
Europe:
464
437
465
478;
476;
438
466
; 449
;
58
; 4
468
475
;
;
481.
408.
Inundation
Canals
Ireland
visit
495
Gen.
429.
Lord
to
Roden,
493
5*5
496.
refs
490
S""
5^
551Irish
Mission
Charch
Irrigation
29
43
471
from
ancient
60
F.
196
and
modem
contrasted,
299
67-69
Cotton,
all
systems
responsibility
of government,
198; comparison
tricts,
irrigated and
unirrigated disobjections to,
199-201
;
answered,
27 1-3; *'many hundred
of acres
millions
perfectly fit for
irrigation," 298 ; Sir A. Cotton's
scheme
for Madras
;f50,000,000
194-5
"
Presidency,
301-3
Select
report
to
on,
in
reply
Famine
309-327;
1880 : strong
Orissa,
mileage,
Lyall on
; railway
lectures
area,
financial
all
Henry
531.
253.
532.
of
minister
famine
Egypt.
price,
average
Jubbulpore
406
291
; 393
470
420
river
canal,
and
73
'97,
405.
422
223
310;
331
275
449
424.
288;
;
;
450
47a.
Canal
460.
sources,
ô
of
works,
gated
irri-
and
contrasted,
Chatham,
at
360-3
370
Lord
and
Cotton's
material
work,
;
could
of, 479
be
reservoir,"
refs.
210
value
Sir
433-436;
results
A.
neglect,
"
10,000
from
supplied
242
Kanhan
Karachee
249
289;
340.
293
:
:
302.
406
Keppel,
447*
of
295
290
461.
navigation
:
563.
Kashmir
Kelig
293
293
Kareen,
Kene
295
486.
296
301
563.
564.
385 ; 386.
Admiral
Khandeish
Khartoum
479.
;
Kalingarayan
Karwar
363.
362;
:
regulation,
427-32
16.
Kala-Nuddee
Karkin
419
563.
Kakien
Hissar,
444;
Kabul:
Kaladgi:
irrigation
by famine,
involves
426,
money
'*
414;
extorted
irrigation
one
Sir
P.W.D.,
served
on,
Gen.
416.
river
Junction
speech, 382 ; increased

384 ; Sir
expenditure promised,
R.
Temple
384-6 ; extracts
on,
in
appendix
388-399;
penditure
exiv.,
441-3
tanks
Jowar
Curzon's
423,
485.
o' Groats
Jumna
332
Madras,
success
districts
works
430.
Nassau
ocelyn,
36a
summary,
protected,
357
railway
i^7-S,
356;
area
*78-9-96-7, 356; Sir
35^-355;
J.
386
403
;
N.W.
Sind,
348-9; expenditure
objects, 1882-3
all
helum
390-
gation
irri-
under
works
fifty
371.
493.
hansi-Manikpur
ohn
and
50a
eypore;
oseph:
possible, 329;
329. 336, 35I
Deccan,
results
~essore
rivers,
hundred
one
irrigation works,
Japanese : 524.
Jellandtt : 490.
Jerusalem : 29 ; 557.
report,
commendation
without
country
; a
with
but
ordan,
Punjab,
331
;
Behar,
Bengal,
Prov.,
128
306-8;
in
results
333
to
372.
420.
29.
aipur
Commission,
everywhere
PLACE,"
"FIRST
affa:
irrigated a country
rivers, 371
ohnstone.
capital expenditure
/ones, Mr.
1898, 305 ;
Committee,
memorandum
128
acobabad
61
gain
473;
from,
letter
58
Col.
without
dian,
In-
to
Australia,
works,
'98;
round
in
Jacob,
551.
inferior
needed
ancient
193;
496
Egyptian
Kindersley,
:
:
42.
421.
526
W.
N.
527
:
52
528
53a
64
25a
302.
593
INDEX
Kistna:
^39
29s
315
247
278
298; 300;
318 ; 3^3
338;
282
302
214;
306
WhamcUffe,
395
Lttcknow
473
Ludiana
251
Kiuhtea
English
Indian
river
Lachlan,
and
Mr.
at
Lan""shire
405.
Society
famine,
409.
of, 452-3.
of
Living
Launceston,
-Col.
Lieut
Lord
Lawrence,
485
73
217
Lord^ Life of by
T.
Learmonth,
E.
30.
Lebanon
M.A.
:
R.
Leslie, Mr.
289
Bos-
9.
264
513
267
233
; 222
225
240;
248;
255;
26q
266
268
264
275
5278;
229
230
2J9
263
269
306 ;
326 5 333 5 334; 335
338-345 ; 348 ; 349
366
357 ; 358 ; 363 ;
337
351
386
387
413
414
; 420
403
167
208
284; 28s; 286

296; 297
294;
307 J 308 ; 311
290;
;
102
406
; 421
301
3*8
336
3
411
412
425
437
464
476
508
462
234
243
246.
159.
Levinge, Mr. : 461.

Lister, Mr. : 286.
Livingstone, Dr. : 173
"
471
479;
488; 503;
576.
577,
568
551.
of
Government
Irrigation
217
286
505
466;
Army:
"
473
477;
532
;
J 472;
465;
; 424
441
23.
"
Joseph
426;427;433;434;435
460; 461;
5 443;
23.
: 481.
Leese, Mr.
Lennon, Lieut. : 150.
Letchee
; 219
320;
115.
worth-Smith,
Miss
218
302
40.
454.
Lcmrmci^
176
289;
59.
Tasmania
Laulgoody:
484
65 ; 66 ; 75 ; 78
163; 164; 165
140;
184 ; 205 ; 206
;
179
38
134;
523.
"
164
412.
Madras
525.
313.
Study
Languages,
57a
Madhee:
417.
W.
Sir
239;
End
175 ) 176.
517.
514;
Madagascar
489.
219.
Colin
291.
of reduction
Effect
-"
any
Sir
M'Kenna,
of, in 1877-8
La we^
any
401.
effcMrt,"
514,
405.
487
Colonisation
: 188
Revenue
Land's
at
saved
be
94.
Mackinnon,
Loss
459 ; 464 ; 465.

364.
Fund,
to
Gen.
Donald:
"
48.
296.
Laing, S. : 486
"
404
; 404
402
488.
40a
Negro
Land
308; 357.
425; 507*
: 484.
lAbomer,
Lahore
Insurance
cost
Famine
remuneratiTeness
394;
"
"
life
495.
9.
President
387
Mackensie,
"
Lady
:
irrigation works,
Human
"
567*
450.
Famine
342?
287 ; 301
362 5363
doun,
Lou-
of
Earl
269.
27.
Lyons:
Lytton, Lord
361;
357;
354;
397;
286
215.
201
and
Lord
Lumn,
Gen.
Iôsnington,
Lyall, Sir James
1898
Com.,
490;
of:
:
of
Kotapbali
Kujoree : 439.
358;
Kumaon:
Kumool
Robert
Lowe,
450
397.
: 8a
Koondal:
Speech,
Queen's
of
reply, Earl
214
Earl
Loudoun,
421.
420;
215.
334
404.
Konkan:
24$
in
address
294
433:449
396;4a5;427;
459;462;46$;466;467
478 5 507 ; 519546.
Klondike:
Kodon:
172
Hottseof:
Lords,
231
326 ; 333
368 ;3S5
344;
343;
2io
301;
;
169
398.
178
554.
127
;r 124;
280;
137
; 281
264
269;457;462;496;528;S3"
1905
150;
145;
1345
London
iia
75;
21;
Sampson
Lloyd,
Lord
:
175.
Kinnaird,
Gen.
:
555.
Kirby,
Kircaldy: 263.
; 219
;
287
and
;
134
Canal
227-230
308
343
146
178;
285
;
278 ;
29^.
Co:
; 354;
38
357-
INDEX
594
Madras
Mail:
Msdras
Water
System
Madura
Irrigation
and
; 343
302
3S4 ; 386
316
Money
aao
440;
452
450
458
S.
; 459"
"
"
Louis
Sir
of
Wall
Mamiena,
Manchester
216
358
259
343
373
254
376
482;
481;
477;
415;
221
260
378
573
531;
149
128;
The:
Guardian^
Australia
Marmalong
150
Monastery
Marseilles
Miss
169.
Muscat
371
416
Masse^, Right
Masulipatam
135
617.
Hon.
;
Mutiny,
Mylapur
Mysore
341.
Marwar
D.D.
169 ; 495.
Mamdur
Murshedahud
30.
W.
N.
142
: 264.
147 ; 148
Statistics
Sultan
427
; 43a
48.
76.
river, Australia
503.
Indian
173
176
48.
217
819.
66.
27
364.
134.
river, Australia
Murray
Murrumbuggee
W.,
Rev.
Marsh,
Muhamed
451.
569.
rf
R.B.
343.
Sidim
141
578.
Gen.,
Muneru
27.
125;
K.c.s.1.
Geo.
MulUns,
387.
250.
116;
MOller,
43.
386
Maronite
"
33a
}A\ii\iaXi,
Dictionary
Canal
Mandapeta
: 89.
Mangles, Mr. : 258.
360.
ManUcpur:
in
251.
431.
Mttir, Sir Wm.,
537-540.
427;
572;
350;
99;
90;
225;
Sir R. : 452 ; 455.
Muddoor;
577.
Manchater
413.
516.
torical
Hisand
Morris, Henry
: Descriptrvt
Godaoari
the
Account
of
District
:
70 ; 80 ; 83 ; 93 ; 144-
563.
Morocco:
499.
433-436: 83 ;
93
Bart.
Sir H.,
Project
465
286
577.
; 392
391
value
:
material
MootahMooUa:
425.
Mallet,
348;
73-
5"6;
5";
lenders
Montgomery,
455"
Scott
Sir
Gen.
moral,
"
94.
H.
Sir
Malabar:
27$;
449
The
Mahrattai,
231
3^5 ; 439 ;
Mahratta, South
Manna
515.
509;
425Mahanudi
Maine,
534.
Mombari:
Moncrieff,
340.
16
Mohumra:
369.
Supply
166
; 322
358
297
335
422
424
505
269
363
396
366
; 4""
;
;
550.
308.
Mauritius
38
335
Mediterranean
Meerut
Nagpur
273.
406.
58.
Mehmattur
:
G.
Campbell
265.
16.
Mergui :
Mesopotamia
: 534.
Meteoiological
Reports
426.
422;
Pasha
Midat
: 464.
Midlothian:
420
Canal
243
"8o;
334
365
31C
232
; 320
402
233
463
321
;
Mohal
Stone
:
412.
549.
;
;
500.
Militaiy, Board
: 205
; 217,
Mirzapur : 375.
Missionary Address
:
170- 1 72.
Mississippi : 99 ; 375.
Mitahari
256.
:
Moabite
; 421
543.
Midnapore
238
324
237
246
302
323
406
420
254
; 373
;
;
Nash,
Vanûm
S.
Navigation
422.
all
143-4
lines
337.
Gen.
refe.
398
457
438
458
441
;
of, 402
:
302;
20
; 62
48a
132
on,
3I3
; 295
; 344;
460
89.
navigable
of
Walch
; 437-
; 372
of, 393
484.
India
over
Mr.
243
415
Negro : wages
NeUgherries
128
Mndaliyar
importance
channels
1
432.
Nathamnni
295;
26.
13s
main
257 ;
386;
385
Nandyar;
342.
Naoroji, Dadabhai
:
483.
Napier and Ettrick, Lord
tomb
Napoleon,
; 45.
Narsapur : 89; 91 ; 398.
340.
40.
Sir
404
Namur
Melbourne
75
295
Megasthenes:
386.
:
Megna
Memoirs
234;
455.
532.
Mrs.
MedKoott,
233;
232;
449
42.
220;
243
41
Lord:
Mayo,
338-
350;
345
447
; 454
479;
; 77
404
;
165
405.
; 293
INDEX
Nellore
394
396
295
296
301
302
595
Nerbudda:
165.
Ootacamund:
Question
Opium
i 465; 45"
397 ; 425
386;
385;
390;
290;
300
480
485
535.
River
: 508.
Orange
Silver :
Ornaments,
1877-78, 410.
^
; 490.
421
Cardinal
Newman,
W.
F.
"
35
York
New
578.
Wales
South
New
578.
Orissa
345.
137.
Nicholson, Brigadier : g ;
Nicolayson, Mr. : 30.
Niger : 515.
:
504.
Nightingale, Miss Florence
Nile : 28 ; 29 ; 78 ; 269 ; 344 ; 503 ;
528 ; 529 ; 531 ; 577.
509;
510;
10.
Gordon
,
Ernest,
Noel,
"'
plains, Tasmania
Norfolk
Mr.
Norris,
; 291
295
300
317
320
; 321
326
333
343
391
; 424
447
; 280
308
315
316
322
324
325
358
385
386
; 442
443
,-484; 500;
:
Capt., r.b.
449
439
462
551.
123;
122;
120;
26.
43a
272
225
129.
350
4a
2^0
277
Oudh
265.
270
298
366
345
384; 403
348
426
;
;
349
442
464.
220.
Staflford
Sir
Northcote,
W.
274
Ottley, Col.
291.
252
125;
Ostend:
265;
Baptist
m.p.
Rev.
and
Hon.
247
Orr,
515.
237
251
220
440
525-531-
White
"
217
239
463
saved
have
would
that
Navigation
"
178
down,
melted
440
501
289
502.
North
Coast
North
Pole
North-
West
Canal
:
Provinces
350;
301.
; 421
424
270
332 ;33";
358;
351;
298;
420
294
40.
;
348;
345;
366; 403;
426 ; 454
349;
464;
136.
Paddy : cultivation
199;
Palar
J. Bruce:
; 378.
201
Norway:
:
Nugent,
Mr.
Richd.
Mrs.
and
Nnn|[nmbaukum
495.
66"
293
Palmer,
Messrs.
Panama
Canal
Paradise
280
civilians
once
in
canals
Pease,
Sir
Pegu:
420;
engineers,
Peneh
years.
for
Bengal,
Railways
famines, Grain
and
posed
opexaggerated, Why
irrigationextension. Hoards
of grain in ancient
scarcity, 388-
393Moimt
Olives,
Onslow,
300;
Denzil,
393.
295
29.
m.p.
264
435
301
267.
442
459.
295
302.
290.
231
Penneru
People
285
294
384
386
W.
Rev,
465.
172.
338.
of
tion
condi-
improved
India,
434
435
436
; 444-
491.
Periyar
Persian
Gulf
Peshawur
344
Pentecost:
of
65
no.
341.
Lewis
Pennefather,
he
1770
264
92;
:
:
Pennair
343
stores,
of
Famine
modem,
20
421.
Peninsula
in
quency
fre-
Remarkable
15
Penge: 169.
Grand
hundred
408.
1376:
of
406.
J.
Pelly, Sir
Bengal
374.
447.
Pelandori
Famme
one
of
ancient
and
Cotton
and
times,
famine
Campbell
Geo.
Sir
533.
430.
Bill
Pelshcush
A.
447.
Pass
438
Sir
340
532;
150;
:
:
428
Paumben
by
301
295.
Parliamentary
Patna
Dicta
294
165.
460; 464;
Palghaut
Nunja lands : 336.

Nyassa : 515.
outer
of, 89.
Palestine:
483.
240
a,"
472.
510.
388
Nuddea
62
Palaveram
513.
Pasha
Nnbar
196;
150;
in India
river
Every
Pactolus
472.
Norton,
"
414;
; 342
302
532.
9 ;
10.
343
384
386.
INDEX
596
PiocoCtah:
iia
Pioot" Mr.
P.
Pillay,
531.
M.
Pitcher,
: 405
Brother
N.
Popon,
Potnay:
R.,
"
296
tow-boats
as
; 302
450
Ragi
41.
189
190
$34.
Poverhr
in
244
India
44
186*191
Power, Mr. : 135.

Prendergast, Mr. : 251.
Price, R. J., M.P.
: 569
570
571
current
loss
of,
famine
Prpgreu
la
during
1877
ing
dur-
Presidtney
DewanBaroda:
Prologue:
3-5.
Propert]r : increased
Minor
"
of, 334.
341 ; 348
A.
Cotton's
Worics
350.
Public
Works
Sir
suggestions,
485.
437
427
RatnCall:
89.
value
294
297
313
1852, 193;
Department
:
"
; 218
217
310
Puckle,
Punjab
348
R.
309
"
35;
338
3S"
390
4^
426
427
448
454
457
568.
Putty case.
Pyramids:
176
;
372
214;
230;
281
269
;
;
; 45"
457
80
461
83
388
478.
419
; 2"i
232
; 282
420-26
444-
India
in
77
109;
80
132;
113;
148;
147;
due
not
sufficiency
in-
to
418-4261
406; 489 ; 504.
:
151;
175;
82
91
135;
146;
190;
192;
348
416;
414;
116;
385
RatcOflfe,R.
421
Ravee:
432
428
Rawalpindi
46a
464
RedHUls:
38;
296
298
Sea
204-6.
Reh
271
Reservoirs
297;
479.
428.
385;
449.
400.
66;
67;
69.
503.
Hon.
:
350
173.
300;
426;
148.
414
349
421;
384
308
Rees,
:
455*
"
269
Rallee:
"
great
451
349
223
79.
28.
; 447
Rampur-Bauleah
: 451.
Sir Henry
Ramsay,
: 490.
16 ; 406.
Rangoon
:
406.
Ranûr:
Ranigunj : 232.
403
The
177
464.
S04
Pushkaram
399
Rajmahal
RajpuUna
358;
published
195^.
220
329
J86
Ralpur:
404;
Rajahmundry
503.
K.
75
380
243
328
2Si4;
25s
93;
valuable
irrigation
on
alxyut
"
185
282
203.
Commissioners'
report
posed,
opCotton) :
443;
Famine
"
*"
^*
canals,
of
Cotton
277
re".
"54
Years.
S.
Forty
Rariurn^
Iyengar,
Srlnavasa
Gen.
Madmt
past
Provincial
413.
in
C.I.B.,
A.
(Fred.
468 ; 505
; 529.
all
all
jects,
obExpenditure
sources,
to
1897-8.
1882-3
35"ment
Governof Indian
356 ; mistake
that railways protect
coonway-served
famine,
360 ; railtry against
and
districts
irrigated
360-364.
compared*
402-5.
Consort
372
573-
Profit,
Sir
India
navigation
191.
Said:
Prince
67-69 ; kiss on, to 1876, 270

; do.
what
to
1878, 304;
railwaj^do
not
do, 271 ; capital expenditure,
and
to
1898, 305 ;fv. irr^ttion
208.
Louis, Mauritius
Philip, Australia
"^
Prices
average
in
275*
Iyengar,
C.I.B.,
: 89.
1873 and
price o^
405 ; 476.
Baroda
1897, 403
Railways,
Why
564.
of
456.
Poomeah
Port
295
462.
S.,
S.
Dewan
294
Poonamallee
Raghava,
79.
461
Poona:
424.
293.
PoDany
551.
340.
PolaTeimm:
Ponang
214.
407.
;
:
CLE.
310;
1878
Speedi,
308.
207;
CoL
Plymouth
Ponies
Queen's
240.
206:
Pioneers:
J. D.,
; 288
ci.b.
135.
478.
: 46
; 47
; 61
; 62
336; 393-399
; 419
292
427
597
INDEX
Revenue
of:
Board
"
356.
loi
344
; 249;
193
96;
94;
Soott
Seer,
Rhodes,
547.
J. B.,
Richey, Hon.
Ridgeway,
West,
Ceylon
of
Governor
411.
c"L
Sir
Senargati :
:
294
Seringapatam
62.
:
Seringam
Commission,
Sewage
430.
4";
404;
403;
K.C.B.,
562
of
India, value
335 ; 427
206-^
; 437.
R.
W.
Robertson,
Lord
Roden,
Rohilkund:
Romance
493
an
Shevaroys : 77 ; Ko.
Sholapur : 362; 303
Short, Capt. : 439.
446.
Silver
139.
448
Sagar
F.
Gen.
Rnndall,
298;
Sind:
"
A.
i 88
73
195
"
Russia:
Ryots,
canal
water,
406
440
468.
Eustace
"
482.
; 35.
30
Baird
Col.
Smith,
for
eagerness
300
293
Skinner,
145
144
448
489.
Major
431.
; 244
55
320
Sironcha
57a
403)420;
; 462.
Canal
310
75.
Ruripur:
342.
Rusmkulya:
194.
351;
project, Punjab
493-
ornaments
410.
53
333;
449
Sirhind
280
Duncan
Col.
40.
and
1877-80,
in
minted
Sim,
412.
country,
552.
256
496.
298.
Indian,
408 ; 522
Ross, Sir James :
Col.
: ^12.
565.
:
Rugby
Rome
255
519.
:
519.
Danby
Seymour,
: 567,
Shaftesbury, Lord
Shatiatope : 341.
368; 456; 493-4"
Sheffield:
445*
Roads
dency
Presi-
of
offer
Cotton
S65.
Rivers of
^
296.
A.
Sir
to
563
58.
256.
1873 and
in
price of,
Rice, average
541-547.
Nikator
Selenkos
Cecil
1897;
Modem
140.
130;
123;
(su
Moncrieif).
115
Colin
Sir
Moncrieff,
52.
431.
264.
-^9
Major
Dunlop
T. B.,
M.P.
"
501.
Siuuces
231
174.
471.
Sone
8
161
Solani
Sagilem : 343.
Sahibgunj : 452,
Saidapett: 387.
Helena
St
Thomas'
Salem
I95
351
; 477
222
;
:
Salisbury, Lord
Cranboume.)
(Su
481 ; 573*
in
famine,
of
revenue
Salt, loss
"r"6.,
297 ;
1877-78, 4*0 5 gen*
Man's
Poor
^ê
43^ "
300 ; 313 "
485 ; 4*86-9.
Income-tax,
Samaria
82;
498.
Francisco
San
Sangam:
Sattam
78;
Lord
Stanley,
"
Sir
of
Church
R.
489.
515.
E.
382
413
; 414.
; 406
36;
455
Sir
James
of
370
43i
;
;
water
393-399
438
289
443
410
450;
475
215
; 290
368
425
426
479
316
415
;
366
483.
21Z
409;
270;
130;
459
352-55
403
402
267.
577.
515;
514;
Abstract
Statistical
264
(see Derby).
M.
H.
215.
477.
579*
292;
577.
339.
Hon.
Rt.
Stanhope,
451
459
461
48a
49a
Scotland:
Scott,
The
74.
Scandinavia;
"
Standard,
Stephen,
384 ; 385.
: 362.
525 ; 527
Steamboats:
4a
313.
Storage
Sanyassees
Sarda
197.
137.
339.
Sir R.
Sankey,
147;
Stamps:
29.
Samukotta:
Sandhurst
Pole
Srivalkuntam
4"5-
"
Spain:
16 ; 66.
4^6
500.
485
South
450
; 300
252
33a537o;385;
454 ; 460 ; 461
251.
Soudan
Mount
194
Sonepur
45.
251
320;324;325;
438;449;
462 ; 465
St
244
490;
5I3;5I4-
Strachey, Gen.
464 ; 465Suakim
527.
Sir
R.
213
INDEX
598
Sues Canal
389;
311
Sugar cultivation
94
202
H.
". : 402
; 405.
SulIiTan, Hon.
Hon.
John : (1840), 64.
Mr.
John i (1779), 15a
Sunderbunds
: 4S4.
Surat : 275 ; 293 ; 296 ; 302.
Sutlej: 27s 5 291 ; 293 ; 310 ; 385
Commission,
Navigation
Bishop
Thobum,
267.
136;
78;
Thames:
517.
"
461.
440;
437;
430;
S9
447
G.
".
C.
Thomas,
James
Thomson,
519.
489.
469.
184.
"
Mr.
Thornton,
226
241
316.
"
Ji90;
448;
Tiberias
Tigris
The
225
Syria: 30;
464.
230
16;
Tamil
16
21
38
114
119
; 85
1465
206
225
247
257
268
;
; 62
61
368
^97
61
105
Trad,
Transit,
; 301
66
333
326;
387
45^
450
454
339
; 340;
397
47^
384.
Trevelyan,
177
Tanuku
515.
113.
Tarshish:
Tasmania
22
23
38
",
499.
551.
Airs.:
Trimbak
Tripoli :
515.
the
wore
blue
ribbon;
in all
possible interest
518.
work,
; 241
263
Ttrrorx
Sir
Thadapalli
Emerson
New
:
339.
482
g.cs.i.
264;
Turkey
384
491
222
386
198.
231
59
241
Mrs.
and
290
302
78
62
27a
;
;
by
Sir
A.
175.
;
:
237
293
385
485
228
298
394
395
461
465
492
249
300
397
479
503.
464.
343.
Tyre:
550.
Tyrrell, Lieut. : 194
Marquis
Tweeddale,
568.
239
; 294
459
492.
170;
227
;449
Madras
4a
Testament,
greatest
temperance
; 504.
; 433
4"
Tennasserim
:
17 ; 421.
Tennent,
445
50
Wells:
Tuticorin:
Richard,
Sir
Temple,
Cotton
A.
420.
301
Sir
Capt
:
251
499.
79.
Tungabudra
The
Daily
TÛgraph^
153.
Tclugu:
why
:
Temperance
302
521-2.
511.
Tunbridge
175-
493.
235
and
453.
invented
patent,
425
Trotter,
Tel
195
Trieste:
Tsawla
Hudson
Mr.
"
548.
16
Cotton:
55a
18.
Tavoy : 16; 17;
W.
(of
Patna)
Tayler,
: 36.
Taylor, CoL
"
38^.
385;
384;
296;
293;
264.
326
Tricycle
296
Charles, Bart
Sir
146
295
505-
485.
275
318;
448
447;
462
Internal
Travancore
415;
477
446
459
243
308;
297;
277;
372-378
English
143
in
244;
"
29.
India:
Water,
322;
495.
406.
Michael
245
494
479;
Tapti:
334;
578.
343
"
240
:
31.
Park
Trichinopoly
504.
Lake
Tanganyika,
cannot
329;
195;
250
; 449
; 441
335
346; 370;
428 ; 43"
; 202
519.
507?
65
438
;
;
; 249
278
57
199
248
; 104
19?
; 435
51
;
102
273
476;
342;
427
64
425
471;
Tanks
59
Tollymore
Torquay
Toungoo:
524.
Tanjore
567;
566;
547.
Mr.
Todd,
564.
344]
Tippo Tib : 514.

Tirukkoyilur : 34a
432.
465-
Tintara:
224
427
269
524;
477;
425;
Rana
214
268
Tinnevelly:
Talbot, Mr.
Tambraganl
517.
186
569 ; 573"
railway
:
if Indies The
Ganges," 450.
beat
even
"
Tahvandi
516;
82
475;
26.
Switzerland
35-
515;
Tima^
513.
en:
34
Timbactoo:
450.
449;
532.
97
of
54*
195.
:
of
Governor
543
S44

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General Sir Arthur Cotton R E His Life and Work Lady Hope 1000598480

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GENERAL

India, retiring when

after, Sir James

only thirty or forty men.

i;idio led, and

hour, capturing the Governor.

in-" all four"

for others, when

fifteen feet high,

shipping, and, according

river,of solid teak

eight years' service,

wise, Christian, sympathising

it, for the

and, after twenty-four

respect, for when

letter, I hope, will

interesting fact, however,

does, quite alone.

district, lonely then, but

lay quite prostrate,

weird, desolate-looking, rock

long, costing perhaps

shillings per sheep,

only give this

drought, giving six

decay, tlie people, spiritless and

aim, for which

load, tossing its tangle of trees,

contintially alters its environment,

equally large, while

let its waters

elevation, that Jt would

fill all the

its first effluent, called

anicuts, stating what

large tropical river,

capital, qualified engineers

pectedy for they

circles, uttering their

laige project, nothing

Nose, costing nothing but

this reclamatory work

labours, his keenest

it, till it has

only fifty miles

(p. i), says

quite fifty feet

old, too-familiar, story

nearly sixty years."

being carefully prized

things^ rightly regarded,

figures,Rs. 66,000,000, sayRs. 60,000,000.

everywhere. ^The extent of cultivation is 794,829

Presidency during the past Forty Years,"

entirely disappeared except

hill tracts, and

supplies, liberally granted