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Sensory System PDF
Sensory System PDF
AUDITION
Pitch
The Stimulus
The Stimulus
Loudness
a perceptual dimension
corresponds to intensity
of
sound,
The Stimulus
Timbre
a perceptual dimension of sound corresponding to
complexity
Anatomy
Tympanic membrane eardrum
Ossicle one of the three bones of
the middle ear
Malleus the hammer; the first of
the three ossicles
Incus the anvil; second to the
three ossicles
Stapes the stirrup; the last of the
three ossicles
Cochlea the snail-shaped structure
of the inner ear that contains the
auditory transducing mechanisms
Oval window an opening in the
bone surrounding the cochlea that
reveals a membrane, against which
the baseplate of the stapes presses,
transmitting sound vibrations into
the fluid within the cochlea
a
hairlike
appendage of a cell
involved in movement or in
transducing
sensory
information found on the
receptors in the auditory
and vestibular system.
Tip link an elastic
filament that attaches the
tip of one cilium to the side
of the adjacent cilium
Insertional plaque the
point of attachment of a
tip link to a cilium
Auditory Pathway:
Connections with the cochlear nerve
Cochlear nerve the branch of the auditory nerve that transmits auditory
information from the cochlea to the brain
Olivocochlear bundle a bundle of efferent axons that travel from the olivary
complex of the medulla to the auditory hair cells on the cochlea.
Core region the primary auditory cortex, located on a gyrus on the dorsal
surface of the temporal lobe
Belt region the first level of auditory association cortex surrounds the
primary auditory cortex.
Parabelt region the second level of auditory association cortex surrounds the
belt region.
Perception of Pitch
Place coding
the system by which
information
about different
frequencies is coded by different
locations on the basilar membrane.
Perception of Pitch
Cochlear implant
an
electronic
device
surgically implanted in the inner ear
that can enable a deaf person to
hear.
Perception of Pitch
Rate coding
the system by which
information
about
different
frequencies is coded by the rate of
firing of neurons in the auditory
system.
Perception of Loudness
Perception of Timbre
Fundamental frequency
the lowest, and usually most
intense frequency of a complex sound and
most often perceived as the sounds basic
pitch.
Overtone
the frequency of complex tones
that occurs at the multiples of the
fundamental frequency.
Phase difference
the difference in arrival times of sound waves at each of the eardrums
Amusia
loss or impairment of musical abilities, produced by hereditary factors or
brain damage.
VESTIBULAR SYSTEM
Vestibular System
Vestibular Sac
one of a set of two
receptor organs in each
inner ear that detect
changes in the tilt of the
head.
Vestibular ganglion
a nodule on the vestibular nerve that
contains the cell bodies of the bipolar neurons
that convey vestibular information to the
brain.
SOMATOSENSES
Proprioception
Perception of the bodys position and posture
Organic Sense
A sense modality that arises from receptors located within the inner organs of the body
Mechanoreceptor
a sensory neuron that responds to mechanical stimuli; for
example, those that produce pressure, stretch, or vibration of the
skin or stretch of muscles or tendons.
Temperature
Pain
Itch
Somatosensory Pathway
Somatosensory Pathway
Tactile Agnosia
Tactile Apraxia
Difficulty in carrying out purposeful movements in the
absence of paralysis or muscular weakness
Phantom Limb
Sensation that appear to originate in a limb that
has been amputated.
GUSTATION
Umami
The taste sensation produced by monosodium
glutamate (amino acids found in proteins).
The tongue
Gustatory pathway
Chorda Tympani a branch of facial
nerve that passes beneath the
eardrum; conveys taste information
from the anterior part of the
tongue and controls the secretion
of some salivary glands.
Nucleus of the solitary tract nucleus of the medulla that
receives information from visceral
organs and from the gustatory
system.
OLFACTION
Stimulus