Professional Documents
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Pharmaceutical Industry
Pharmaceutical Industry
Pharmaceutical Industry
C.
ChE- 3302
Pharmaceutical Industry
The pharmaceutical industry develops, produces, and
markets drugs or pharmaceuticals licensed for use as
medications. Pharmaceutical companies are allowed to deal in
generic or brand medications and medical devices. They are
subject to a variety of laws and regulations regarding the
patenting, testing and ensuring safety and efficacy and marketing
of drugs.
The term drugs refers to articles intended for use in the
diagnosis, cure, alleviation, treatment, or prevention of disease in
humans or animals.
HISTORY
The use of drugs to relieve pain and ward off death is
interwoven with the ancient superstition that evil spirits cause
disease. The healing powers of mythological personages,
particularly of Aesculapius (son of Apollo), were sought in
primitive cultures.
The Papyrus Ebers contain drug formulas with as many as
35 ingredients, including botanicals, minerals and animal
products.
The Greeks, Hippocrates and Galen made an effort to
approach therapy rationally than mystically.
Paracelcus experimented both in the laboratory and the
clinic, and may be looked upon as the founder of
chemotherapy.
CLASSIFICATION
In the pharmaceutical industry, greater emphasis is placed
upon the purity of the products than in most other chemical
industries. The use of life processes as a step in the manufacture
ALKYLATION
PHENOBARBITAL USP
5-ethyl-5-pheylbarbitutic acid
possesses specific usefulness in epilepsy
It is made from phenylethylmalonic diethyl ester, which
is condensed with urea to form product.
BARBITAL
diethylbarbituric acid
sold under the trade name Veronal
It is the oldest of the long-acting barbiturates and is derived
through diethyl malonate.
PROCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE USP
USP
(1,3-DIHYDROXY-4-
DEHYDRATION
ETHER USP
used for general anesthesia and as a solvent
The very simple and long-used manufacturing procedure has
been the dehydration of alcohol by sulfuric acid.
by-product
from
HALOGENATION
CHLOROFORM USP
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