PROPER WAY

to
CITE SOURCES
for
ACADEMIC PAPERS
Manalo, Gilbert D.

November 2015

As a researcher you dont know all the information you are using in your research. You
always find different sources like books, journals, internet, article, etc. to gather an information
that you will use. After you found the sources you just photocopy, take a picture, copy paste, and
write. You never acknowledge or give respect to the authors or to the owner of the information
which is considerably WRONG!
Why do we need to cite sources? Citation is a way for you to acknowledge the author
or the sources you used in your paper, it also give the reader general information about where
you get the sources if they want to locate the sources you used. Citation is essential part of your
research where you give respect and a credit to the author of the book you used.
What will happen if I did not cite the sources I used? If you never cited the source, you
actually steal the information and it is plagiarism. As Brian Martin said to his journal Journal of
Information Ethics plagiarism is normally treated as a grievous sin (Martin, n.d.).
As a researcher you should be proud on what is your own insights in the topic. Dont
steal others idea, learn to give credits or acknowledgement to the author of the book or the
owner of the information. You will never be reach your research subject if you dont have
enough knowledge, so use it and dont be lazy to analyse and think of your research and never
just copy paste others work. Dont cheat yourself!
What are the proper way of to cite a sources?
The proper way to acknowledge or to credit others idea or thoughts is by using in-text
citation and bibliography, and references or works cited. In-text citation is incorporated with in
the body of the paper to show the readers where a knowledge, information, and citations is came
from. Bibliography is the list of all the sources you used in your research cited or not. The in-text

citation should match with the bibliography so the readers can find the source you have been
cited in the body. References or works cited is the list of the sources that is only cited in the
body.
In-text Citation:
The following is the different style in in-text citation providing example to each style.
STYLE

FORMAT

American Psychological

(The last name of the author,

Love is hard, so take it

year of publication)

seriously.(Manalo, 1918)

(The last name of the author,

Be yourself and you will be

year of publication)

fine.(Vibar , 1918)

Modern Language

(The last name of the author

Whatever you think of me,

Association (MLA)

and page number)

is I think of you.(Manalo 18)

Association (APA)

EXAMPLES

Harvard

(Note: Examples are just invented it does not exists.)

Bibliography
The following are advantages in preparing bibliography, writing publication entries,
familiarity with the library resources, and ability to use different reference systems to locate
sources (Portillo, et al., 2003). Bibliography has different format and styles. The format of APA
and HARVARD style using different sources in bibliography will be elaborately discuss.

APA STYLE
Book
The last name of the author is the first then comma then the initials of authors name with
period after each initials. After the name the date of publication is next which is enclosed in
parentheses followed by a period. Then the title of the book, it should be underlined or inclined
followed by a period. Then the location of publication followed by a colon and last is the name
of the publisher and it ends with a period (Portillo, et al., 2003).
Manalo, G. (1918). An Introduction to Infinity Love. Batangas: Vibar Publishing Inc.
Website
The authors name was the first (Surname, First Name, middle initial.) followed by a
period. Then year of publication which is enclosed in parenthesis followed by a period. Then
name of web page followed again by a period. Then the date when the data is retrieved then
comma then name of website then colon then the url of the site.
Lover , P. (1978). The Best of Love. Retrieved November 18, 1978, from reddiary:
http://www.reddiary.com/best-love.html

HARVARD STYLE
Harvard Style is came from Harvard University which is adopted in many institutions.
In Batangas State University it is the advisable format to use in referencing undergrad research
and thesis.

Book (one author)

Name of the author (Manalo, G.) then date it was published then the book title in italic or
underline then period then title series (if there is) then period then edition (if not the first) then
period .Next is the place where it is published then colon then lastly the publisher then period.
Manalo, G., 1918. Love Hurts. 2 ed. Batangas: Printer Publishing Inc.
Book (four or more author)
Name of the first author (Manalo, G.) then et al. then date it was published then the
book title in italic or underline then period then title series (if there is) then period then edition (if
not the first) then period .Next is the place where it is published then colon then lastly the
publisher then period.
Manalo, G.,et.al. 1918. Love Hurts. 3 ed. Batangas: Printer Publishing Inc.
Newspaper article (online)
The author of the article (Vibar, H. G.) followed by the year it was published then
comma then title of article followed by period then the title of the newspaper in italic or
underlined then period. Next is [Online] then the day and month of the article (18th January)
then period then page number then period. Next is the Available at: then the url of the website
then the date it was accessed ([Accessed 28th November 2015]) then period.
Vibar, H.G. 1918, University Board Passer. The BEAM. [Online] 18th January. p. 18.
Available at: http://www.TheBEAM.com [Accessed 28th November 2015].

Website
The author of website or websites name followed by the year it was published then title
of website followed by period. Next is [Online] then Available at: then the url of the website
then the date it was accessed ([Accessed 28th November 2015]) then period.
Manalo, G., 1918. LifeTime Partner not FOREVER. [Online]
Available at: http://www.lifetimenotforever.com [Accessed 18th January 2018].

Bibliography
Martin, B., n.d. Plagiarism: A Misplaced Emphasis. [Online]
Available at: https://www.uow.edu.au/~bmartin/pubs/94jie.html
[Accessed 26 November 2015].
Portillo, R. R. et al., 2003. Research and Technical Writing. Bulacan : Trinitas Publishing, Inc..