E.C.J. Carr et al. / International Journal of Nursing Studies 42 (2005) 521530
The prospect of surgery is an extremely
stressful event. Acute pain is inextricably linked with anxiety and depression. Patients who were anxious had significantly higher pain scores than less anxious patients and changes in anxiety were significantly related to changes in pain
Dimension on surgery
Physical dimension Emotional dimension Cognitive Social and family Professional
Pre-operative anxiety and depression scores
predicted post-operative experience patients expectations about their pain, and concerns about its continuation or effect on their lives contributed to the degree of anxiety Long waiting times between the onset of symptoms and being referred to a specialist may mean that they have to cope with difficult physical symptoms
Anxiety symptoms in the postoperative period
were associated with AF, to cognitive-affective and somatic anxiety symptoms Post operative autonomic arousal symptoms were associated with AF
heart & lung 4 0 ( 2 0 1 1 ) 4-11
significant drop in anxiety from the pre- to the
postoperative period Female patients had higher pre operation anxiety than males. Females and males did not differ in anxiety at the post operation period Hospitalization and surgery are very important negative life events that lead to the experience of considerable anxiety in patients
This anxiety is related to
being ill, the threat posed by potential surgery and the potential negative aftereffects of surgery, the role obligations of hospitalization such as being in a strange environment, having unfamiliar roommates, and the necessity to comply with medical procedures and numerous diagnostic tests
High preoperative anxiety leads to physical
problems like dizziness, nausea, and Headaches
Patients with high postoperative anxiety have
longer hospitalization periods and report more postoperative pain
Certain sociodemographic characteristics,
such as : age, gender, marital status, and education have been noted to be related to anxiety experienced by patients. Women, young people, people with low education levels, and single individuals have been found to be more vulnerable to anxiety in the pre- and postoperative period
Emotion focused coping may be more suitable
for reducing pre- and postoperative anxiety than problem focused coping for patients patients who perceive a high amount of social support will experience lesser anxiety as compared to those with a low perception of social support
A.N. Karanci, G. Dirik / Journal of Psychosomatic Research 55 (2003) 363
369
Giving knowledge about surgery and its
favorable consequences may be effective in reducing their worries. Coping strategies seem to be related to both pre- and postoperative anxiety, although they seem to be more important for postsurgery anxiety.
Active coping is related to postoperative
anxiety, whereas helplessness and self-blaming anxiety are related to preoperative surgery specific anxiety
Fear, anxiety, uncertainty, loss of control, and
decrease of self esteem are emotional problems likely to be experienced by patients when confronted with the need for surgery and admission into hospital
both patients and their families had
familiarities in terms of anxiety and information needs that are more information about the procedure before the operation, operation date, the success and duration of the operation, likely occurrences after the operation such as tubes, drainage, and catheter, life style changes after the operation, and the effects of waiting for the operation on the patients and their families
stress and anxiety can have a detrimental
effect on recovery after surgery and that effective preoperative information reduces stress, anxiety and pain levels anxiety and stress were caused by fear, lack of knowledge about a situation, or not knowing how one will cope with it, makes one unable to control events or anticipate occurrence
K. Asilioglu, S.S. Celik / Patient Education and Counseling 53 (2004) 6570
Admission to hospital and the prospect of
surgery is accepted as extremely anxietyprovoking resulting in behavioral and cognitive sequele which can have far reaching effects on recovery
At most surgical facilities, there is a waiting
room for patients friends and family. Often there is a nurse, social worker, physician, or volunteer present to assist families with their needs and to communicate the patients perioperative progress
surgical facilities provide information to family
members while relatives are undergoing surgery to provide family members with more accurate estimates of the time remaining may help relieve anxiety
Dexter et al . J. Clin. Anesth., vol. 13, November 2001