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Utkal Divas: The Day That Reshaped Mother Orissa
Utkal Divas: The Day That Reshaped Mother Orissa
COM
By SUBHAS CHANDRA
PATTANAYAK
W hen her children were trying to form the new State on the basis of their mother tongue
Oriya, packs of regional chauvinists from Bengal led by R.L.Mitra had tried hard to convince their
British masters that Oriya was not a separate language, but rather was a part of Bengali. Their
falseness was razed down by scholars with factual records so detailed that Bengal’s famous linguist
Dr. Suniti Kumar Chatterjee had to admit in course of time, as noted in Indian Historical Quarterly,
Vol. XXIII, 1947 at p.337,
It may be said without travesty of linguistic truth that Oriya is the eldest of the three sisters (Oriya, Bengali
and Assamese), when we consider the archaic character of the language”.
Before Chatterjee had said this, taking cue from chauvinists like Mitra and his associates, inhabitants of
Hindi and Telugu speaking tracks had also started claiming linguistic superiority over Oriya in order
only to retain the opportunity to exploit the Oriya peoples and their soil made available to them by
the British that had annexed Orissa to their States by fragmenting her body under a state of fear
psychosis, which shall be discussed later.
“It may be said But their false claim was dismantled when Sir G.A. Grierson declared in Linguistic Survey of India that
without travesty, Oriya was highly superior to these three languages. To quote him:
Oriya is the eldest of “The Oriya language can boast of a rich vocabulary in which respect neither Bengali nor Hindi nor Telugu
the three sisters can vie with it. The richness of the vocabulary is the index by which the vastness of a vernacular can be
(Oriya, Bengali and gauged”.
Assamese) when we Why the peoples of the Bengali, Hindi and Telugu speaking provinces were in conspiracy against Oriya
consider the archaic language?
character of the This was simply because, if Oriya language was to be restored to its original majestic position and
language” Oriya lands were to go back from their provinces, they were sure to loose financially; and massively.
The peoples of those provinces were in traditional rivalry with Orissa and traditionally envious of
Orissa’s matchless cultural, sculptural, commercial and natural splendor. None of those provinces was
able to aspire to be compared with Orissa. Observations of impartial historians and administrators,
available on records, confirm this.
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neighborhood were surrendering to or History knows that Orissa was the last of
“NATURE OF THE being subjugated by Muslims, Orissa was all the Indian States to have been
COUNTRY the land that was attacking and occupying
Muslim dominions around her territory.
occupied by the British. And according to
British historians, Oriyas were the first
(ORISSA), AND Describing how the King of Orissa had
amongst all the peoples of India to have
raised battles against the British to
DISPOSSESSION OF out-generalled the Bengal ruler Tughral “expel” them from their soil.
Tughan Khan, the Muslim historian Minhaj-
INHABITANTS WILL i-Siraj, who had also joined that war, “It was not long, however, before we had to
which, to him, was a ‘holy war’, had to encounter a storm which burst with so
ALWAYS PRESENT admit that a greater disaster had not till sudden fury as to threaten our expulsion, if
then befallen the Muslims in any part of not from the whole of Orissa, at least from
FORMIDABLE Hindustan. (Dr. K. R. Quanungo, The the territory of Khurda”, G. Toynbee has
OBSTACLES TO THE History of Bengal, Muslim period, (pp.
48-52). No land in India, specifically those
admitted. (A sketch of the history of Orissa,
O.H.R.J. Vol No.1 & 2).
SUPPRESSION BY in Orissa’s neighborhood had ever been
credited, in enemy’s pen, with such valor. British had ruthlessly fought back the
MILITARY OR This was the cause of envy of the peoples
of those provinces towards the Oriyas.
battle. But it had to eventually admit that
the
POLICE”
When India was per ishing under “nature of the countr y (Orissa) and
occupation of Muslims, Orissa was so disposition of the inhabitants will always
sure of her invincibility and so victorious present formidable obstacle to the
over enemies, specifically the Muslim suppression of these disturbances either by
As for example, Rev.J.Long, in Notes and
Rulers in the neighborhood, that in military or police”(Report of Joint Magistrate
Queries Suggested by a Visit to Orissa in
support of Buddhist Sahajayana and in W. Forrester dated. 9th September 1818 to
January 1859 has written,
exhibition of her power and opulence Commissioner Robert Ker).
and in celebration of her victory, she had
“Antiquarian enquiries in Nepal, Ceylon and addressed herself to build up the
China show that the Buddhism so noted in It is thus clear from Mr. Forrester’s Report
wonderful Konark temple. that the peoples of Orissa were too
its regard for enlightening the masses and
opposing caste, was for ages predominant valiant to be suppressed by “military or
Analyzing the sculpture of war animals in Police” of the British power.
all through Orissa both among rulers and
display at Konark, in Indian Sculpture and
the people, though Orissa be now the
Painting, Havell equates the fire and This being the reality, it had to devise
garden of the Hinduism and Jagannath its
passion expressed therein with the means to weaken the Oriya peoples in
Jerusalem” (Journal of the Asiatic Society of
greatest European art – the pride of order to stay safe.
Bengal, 1859, No.III, Vol.XXVIII, pp.
victory and the glory of triumphant
185-187).
warfare. (Noted in History of Orissa by And thus it had divided Orissa into parts
Prof. K. C. Panigrahi, at pp.413-14) and annexed those parts to neighboring
The peoples of those days knew that
Buddha was born in Orissa. Hence States compelling the brave peoples of
No people of India were more marked Orissa to suffer the ignominy of minority
Buddhism, as “antiquarian enquiries in
than the Oriyas for establishment of status under rival populations. They were
Nepal, Ceylon and China” had made
colonies overseas by name akin to those deliberately tortured by being forced to
R e v. J . L o n g n o t e , “ w a s f o r a g e s
of their own soil and society. Known for accept the language of those rival
predominant all through Orissa both
the best of ports along her vast coastline, populations as their official language.
among rulers and the people”.
Orissa was famous for her matchless Taking advantage of their ignorance of the
ships. Even when the British occupied so-called official language, the crafty
Afraid of Buddhism and unable to defeat India and eventually thereafter Orissa, to
its impact, the Vedists had accepted inhabitants of the rival States to which
their mind, Orissa’s vessels were the best Oriya speaking tracks were arbitrarily
Buddha as their own Lord and had in India. “…by far the best that I ever saw
equated their Lord Vishnu to Orissa’s annexed, were grabbing Oriya properties
in any part of India”, wrote E.Watson, 4th by tampering with Official records.
Lord Buddha Jagannatha and thereby had Judge, Calcutta Court of Circuit, to
succeeded to transform Buddhism to W.B.Bayley, Secretary to Government in
Hinduism in Orissa with Jagannath as the Sri Veer Bikram Singh, the then Raja of
the Judicial Department on 3 May, 1817) Khariar had raised a literary revolution
epitome of casteless culture. This had No other province, specifically those in
made Orissa such a land that as reported against this exploitation. “Utkal
Orissa’s neighborhood was of such Durdasha” (The miseries of Orissa), a
by Rev. Long above, Orissa had become historic heritage. They were therefore
“the garden of Hinduism and Jagannath its drama authored and enacted by him
envious of Orissa. though out western Orissa had heart
Jerusalem”. No land of India, specifically in
the neighborhood of Orissa, had to her touching stanzas depicting the
Orissa was such unique that when exploitation to which Orissa had been
credit such splendid historical distinction.
peoples of those provinces had accepted subjected to after division.
the British as their lord, her children had
When other provinces of India, been fighting against British invasion.
s p e c i fi c a l l y t h o s e i n O r i s s a ’ s
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