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Data Asimilasi Untuk Pemula
Data Asimilasi Untuk Pemula
Data Asimilasi Untuk Pemula
Jeff Kepert
Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research
A partnership between the Australian Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO
y2 =xt + 2
h21 i = 12
h2 i = 0
h22 i = 22
h1 2 i = 0
Then
xt =
22 y1 + 12 y2
12 + 22
(xa y1 )2 (xa y2 )2
+
12
22
xa is the analysis
Minimising J
The Importance of B
Rank deficient
(u, v ) = (, )
u = /y + /x, v = /x + /y
Replace mass field by unbalanced mass:
unbal = bal ()
Rescale.
Incremental Formulation
Replace
J(xa ) = (xa xf )T B1 (xa xf ) + (H(xa ) y)T R1 (H(xa ) y)
by
J(x) = xT B1 x + (H(xf ) + Hx y)T R1 (H(xf ) + Hx y)
where x = xa xf and H is the Jacobian of H (tangent linear).
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A Matter of Time
So far all data assumed to be at the analysis time.
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4D-Var
Add a term for the later time:
J(xa ) = . . . + (H2 (M(xa )) y2 )T R1
2 (H2 (M(xa )) y2 )
4D-Var
Minimising
J(xa ) = (xa xf )T B1 (xa xf )
+ (H(xa ) y)T R1 (H(xa ) y)
+ (H2 (M(xa )) y2 )T R1
2 (H2 (M(xa )) y2 )
gives an analysis xa at time t1 that
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MSLP analysis
increment at end of
6-hr assimilation
window.
Gustaffson (2007,
Tellus)
NW-SE section of
temperature and wind
increments at start of
6-hr assimilation
window.
In practice ...
This is not a small problem!
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Extensions
Multiple Outer Loops
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Multi-incremental 4D-Var
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Summary
Var is better than direct solution (a.k.a. Optimum Interpolation)
because:
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