Politics

* Exam Review *

By: Sukhi Dosanjh

Politics: Exam Review
Unit 1: Chapter 1
Define Politics

Politics is the process that people use to organize themselves, societies, and the world, and by
which they aspire the achieve power and to maintain a distinctive social order and survival
Connections among human beings; also, the science and art of government

List and briefly describe the nine values of politics:

The 9 Values of
Politics
The Pursuit of Power

The Pursuit of
Wealth
The Pursuit of
Justice

The Pursuit of
Human Respect
The Pursuit of
Human Security

The Pursuit of
Affection

The Pursuit of
Health

The Need to Learn

The Pursuit of
Employment

Explanation
Power involves access to positions of regulation and control where
decisions can be made concerning the thoughts, feelings and behaviours
of others and oneself.
All people desire to expand their capacity to gain and share power and
they demand these opportunities from their political system.
Wealth enables people to satisfy their material needs, individually and
collectively, and may lead to the exercise of political power.
The way governments operate their legal and court systems it is an
integral part of their social value system.
It may appear that rules and universal, but the application of justice
varies from one political culture to another.
The challenge is that justice and morality often conflict and compete
with one another.
The rights and freedoms people demand from their communities are
based on the need for human respect.
People expect their government to respect their needs and demands.
As a political value, security is defined in military terms, in which the
power of armed forged, is regarded as a deterrent to external and internal
attack and thus we feel secure.
Many states now however recognize that real security is not just military
strength, but the ability of society to satisfy basic human needs, e.g. the
right to life.
While the needs may include the prevention of war, they also include
adequate food, healthcare, shelter, a safe community, environment and
respect for human rights.
The need for human affection touches every level of society, including
the political system.
There may be evidence to support that politics does much to destroy
good will among human beings there is also much evidence that political
behaviour fosters friendship and cooperation.
It is a widely held value that people have access to good healthcare and
that individuals should not be left vulnerable to the high costs of medical
services .
Some of Canadas greatest wealth is used to purchase health and
wellbeing. (1990s 10% of Canadas GDP was spent on healthcare)
In developed nations, education is one of the main means of upward
mobility, and while there is a great difference between rich economies and
poor economies, education stands out as a primary value in all societies.
Stands out as a primary value in all societies.
Education is a global political value because it is closely related to what
people can produce in their societies it a key political resource because
those who possess it improve their own welfare & make fewer demands to
the political system.
Employment is a highly prized political value in society because it links a
person to a network of socially rewarding interactions people gain selfworth from what they do & because its the basis of all cultures, without
work, people feel alienated from society.
Politics and government are blamed and credited for the job market.

Briefly summarize the political philosophies of:

Philosop
her

Nature of People

Definition of
Freedom

Style of
Government

Social Control

Rebellion in
Society

Plato

Are rational and

intellectual

Hobbes

Humans were
basically selfish and
evil creature who
would do anything to
better their position
Act on evil impulses

Freedom from
your thoughts
and limiting
believes you are
free to say what
you think/believe
Not being able
to do what you
want leads to
slavery
True freedom
was to be able to
pursue
intellectual goals
True freedom
comes from the
absence of needs
(all basic human
needs are met=
true freedom)

Authoritarian
Only a select
few can rule
society

Guardians control
the arts, religion and
education but not
permitted to own
property or luxury
goods

No acceptable
Guardians would
have the power to
deal harshly with
rebellions
Society is
ignorant so
guardians tell us
what is wrong and
right

Authoritarian
Democracy
will never work

People would
voluntarily give up
their rights to a
sovereign (ruler) who
would then control the
selfishness of human
to end turmoil or
conflict

Revolution is not
an option
Leader must
continue to rule
even if all people
oppose hum
because that
would break the
contract because
if you start
revolting your
acting evil and so
sovereign must
control you
Right to
revolution
Argument of
legitimate
revolution is
acceptable

Locke

Born good
Use intellect to
control their natural
instincts
Bad intuitions = bad
people

Have personal
liberty and to be
privileged in
society and
health happiness
and possessions

Democracy
When talking
about citizens
he means
wealth man
only wealth
man can vote
and participate

Government will
protect peoples
freedom
People will obey the
laws which leads to
rebellion if
government no longer
protects wealthy men

Roussea
u

Man was innately

GOOD in our natural
state
Able to reason and
use our intellect
Civilization
corrupted man and
man unnatural
Bad government or
institutions can lead
to evil
Action of the govt
and the people must
agree with the
general will =
common good of
society

Freedom from
materialistic
thing is freedom
from peer
pressure

Authoritarian
Monarchy the
form of
government
with a head of
state governing
the society

Marx

Born good and

basically good
Human unique so
different from animals
Not naturally selfish
but made so through
environment
People are ability o
reason and control

Capitalism
takes away the
possibility of
freedom because
the workers see
his job as a form
of oppression,
therefore it takes
away his

Authoritarian
Communism
is the idea that
everyone in
society receives
equal shares of
benefits derived
from labour
People work

For government and

sovereignty to be
successful he believes
the individuals have to
push aside their
personal views and
come together as one
Government and
sovereignty will ensure
that all citizens are
able to be secure of
freedom, have
equality and have
justice for all within
the state
People have to
surrender all their
rights to a legitimate
government (legit=
best interest of the
majority)
If laws are abided it
leads to a harmonious
spirit of sharing with
one goal
Importance of
government control

Was not citizens

rights
never acceptable
because it will
break the social
contract

Starts from
revolution
because society is
already a disaster
rebellion was
necessary
Under a
capitalist society it
was inevitable

their instincts

possibility of
freedom

for the good of

all rather than
the individual

Take from rich

and redistribute so
everyone is equal

Contrast Democratic Government vs. Authoritarian Government

Democratic:

Authoritarian:

In a democratic society, individual

citizens have the power, and the right, to
influence decisions made about how their
country will be governed.
Citizens have the political right to say
and write what they wish, to go where
they please, to live in privacy and
security and to not be arrested or
imprisoned without due legal process.
Modern democracies are representative.
Citizens of a country elect politicians to
represent their interests.
Rights of citizens in a democracy are
protected under a constitution, or bylaws,
defining how the country will be
governed.
Three branches: executive, judicial and
legislative.
Granted rights.
Freedom to choose representatives.
Elected representatives have finite
terms of office.
Integrity of elections is protected by
both government monitoring and citizen
watchdog groups.
Equality under the law.
Every person has the same political
rights.
The power of government is separated
into individual branches.
There is a system of Checks and
Balances in government and no one
branch holds all the power.
Public has a right to expect that their
elected representatives will not abuse the
power they have been given.
Separation of Church and State
guarantees religious freedom.
Takes time to make decisions.
Costly.

Authoritarian states are nations where one

single voice, individual or ideology governs the
state.
Authoritarian nations frequently arise in lands
with violent civil conflict. Or are a by-product of
monarchy rule - rule by a single king or queen.
An authoritarian state can also be formed as
a reaction to the abuse of one country's
resources by foreign nations and individuals.
Citizens have a strong national loyalty, as
national welfare takes precedence over
individual needs.
Removes barriers to economic expansion - as
one central agency [the government] controls
production, export and expenses.
Various limits and restrictions.
Fast paced, timely and organized.

Democracies

Dictatorship
Monarchy
Oligarchy
Aristocracy

Identify & explain the five types of government.

Include the benefits, drawbacks, and examples of each.
Type
Drawbacks
Benefits
Dictatorship

Examples

Limited individual rights

Uncertain transition of
power
Dependent on military
support
No debate or discussion
Dependent on single
individual
No free press or
opposition parties
No criteria other than
birth for ruling
Expensive
Monarch remote from
everyday experiences

Organized controlled
Efficient (sometimes
ruthlessly so)
No Public protests,
riots

Oligarchy

Limited Access to power

Limited rights for people
Questionable transition of
power

Stable
Organized
Controlled

Aristocracy

Restricted criteria for rule

(most often birth in a
particular social grouping)
Rule by a limited small
group
Limited individual rights
Takes more time to make
decisions
More costly

Organized
Controlled
efficient

Canada
(constitutional
monarchy)
Jordan
Holland
Military Juntas
Family compact
(Upper Canada, pre1987)
Chateau Clique
(Lower Canada pre1987)
Ontario & Quebec
Pre-1215 England
Pre-1870 Germany

Monarchy

Democracy

Stable
Controlled
Traditional
Unifying

Protects individuals
rights
Input from many
sources for
government decisions
People are the
government

Castros Cuba
Hitlers Germany
Mussolinis Italy
Francos Spain

Canada
Costa Rica
Japan

What are the three levels of government & their responsibilities?

Federal

Provincial

Municipal

Aboriginal affairs
Military
Income Tax
Pensions
Immigration
RCMP
Postal services
Currency & banks
Penitentiaries
Imports & exports
Trade
Foreign relations
Airports & seaports
Criminal law
Customs

Education
Healthcare
Licenses
HST
Highways
Provincial Police
Environment &
resources
Charities
Marriage & Divorce
Penitentiaries
Civil Law

By laws
Property tax
Garbage & Recycling
Water & Hydro
Road repairs
Local police
Public transit
Fire protection
Parks and recreation

Unit 2: Chapter 2-3

Political
Ideology:

Explanation

Conservati
sm

This ideology emphasizes traditional value as the building blocks of society because
they have held society together throughout history.
It is based on the premise that human institutions are the product of gradual process of
experience and that they have endured because they have proven to be effective over a
long period of time.
Innovations threaten traditional values, which can lead people to make bad decisions.
While strict laws are favoured, individual responsibility is stressed. Thus, the government
may act as police, but never as a babysitter.
This ideology supports new ideas, advocating equality of opportunity for all within the
framework of a system of law.
A belief in government as an institution whose primary function is to define & enforce
the laws.
Since no one is above the law, the laws, and particularly higher law, a Constitution must
be developed not solely one ruler but by representatives of the people.
Emphasizes freedom of choice - relies on legislative bodies to represent influential
groups in society.
People are good and society benefits from learning from peoples bad decisions thus
strict laws are unnecessary. (example anger management & community services vs. jail)
This ideology raises the free market place and the power of competition.
Believe in the freedom of individual choice.
Individuals follow their own selfish interests and benefit society as a whole.
Supeopley + demand balance the market place.
Minimal government intervention. (lower taxes = greater consumer spender=more jobs)

Liberalism

Capitalism

Anarchism

Libertariani
sm

Socialism

This ideology holds that all forms of enforced control and authority are unnecessary and
undesirable
Government intervention impedes the improvement of the human mind; society should
be organized into communes operating democratically where private property is limited to
personal possessions.
People should be free to do what they want, as long as they do not infringe the rights of
others.
Dont believe in positive rights, such as universal rights (universal healthcare) only
negative rights (free of censorship and private ownership.)
Entitlement is less important than not being denied rights.
Democratic socialism - notion of a mixed economy (based on contemporary economic
trends) that includes public ownership as well as private enterprise.
Goal: lesson the gap between rich and poor by advocating government funding for
education, housing, health, employment and pensions.
Believe in the re-distribution of political & economic power and wealth through the
formation of labour parties, trade unions, protests, and strikes, thus opposition parties are
permitted

Authoritari
an
Totalitarian
ism
Communis
m
(Totalitarianis
m)

Fascism
(Authoritariani
sm)

Minimum wage, housing subsidies, unemployment insurance, etc. Are all based on
income tax system
Authoritarians focus on the status quo and are driven by control
Impose rule through fear and loyalty - gained by rewarding those that collaborate with
them
In a totalitarian regime, the dictators have a charisma over the people.
People are attracted to their prophetic leadership that drive them to do what the dictators
orders.
a utopian classless & stateless society where there is an equal distribution of
economic goods to be achieved by revolutionary and dictorial means.
GOAL:
equality & classlessness
Ancient ideology adopted from biblical times Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels, Communist
Manifesto, 1947
Workers revolution: the proletariat (wage earners, labourers = blue collar) revolt and
take over the bourgeoisie (landlords, factory, & owners = white collar)
Temporary dictatorship by the proletariat is needed to give rise to a classless society.
Eventually turns into a strong centralized government with full authority to plan
economic growth.
Private ownership is the root of all evil more wants, never satisfied.
Capitalist economy encourages greed, does not value workers (low wages, poor
conditions & child labour.)
All means of production are under the control of government.
All things should be held in common, for the common good of all.
Glorifies the state and nation and relies on state control over every aspect of national
life
Blends authoritarianism, state ownership and capitalism
Fascism is based on the following:
Racism: social pyramid with Aryan race at the top
Common Good: the good of
the nation
Military Force: to dispel any opposition
Nationalism and loyalty to
the leader

Political Ideology:

An organized collection of ideas & values that describes a political system, movement, or
way of thinking.
Political
Ideology:
Anarchism

Authoritarian
Capitalism

Communism
(Totalitarianism)

Explanation
This ideology holds that all forms of enforced control and author are
unnecessary & undesirable.
The philosophy advocates a society based on voluntary cooperation in which
government is unnecessary.
A belief in the individuals duty to follow established rules.
As a political ideology, authoritarianism entails strong government power and
is found on both the left and right sides of the political spectrum.
An economic theory that supports free trade, private property, individual
profit making, private ownership of capital, and minimum government
intervention in the economic system.
Adam Smith was the first to praise the free marketplace and power of the
competition. He says that economic selfishness benefits society as a whole.
The belief that a strong, centralized government must have full authority to
plan economic growth, inhibit private property ownership & restrict personal
freedoms, in order to attain true equality.
The belief in, or practice of, common ownership of goods and property; also,
strong devotion to the interest of ones own minority or ethnic group rather
than those of society as a whole.

Conservatism The belief that traditional values are the building blocks of society and are

Environment
alism
Fascism
(Authoritarianism
)

Feminism
Liberalism

Libertarianis
m
Nationalism
Socialism

Totalitarianis
m

Religion

worth preserving because they have held society together.

A political and social ideology that advocates limited government intervention
and the preservation or restoration of traditions.
The belief that the preservation and care of nature is the responsibility of all
human beings.
A movement or trend aimed at protecting and preserving the environment by
modifying human behaviour.
At the right of the spectrum, this ideology blends authoritarianism, state
ownership, and capitalism.
A political ideology on the extreme right that blends authoritarianism,
paternalism, and capitalism; it supports a hierarchical view or society, and
builds its appeal on nationalism, opposition to communism, and the use of
force.
A Western philosophy that advocates gender equality in all aspects of life:
legal, economic, political, cultural, and social.
This ideology emphasizes rational analysis of traditional institutions, distrust
of state power over individuals, freedom of choice, and the innate dignity and
potential of the individual.
A political and social ideology that advocates government activism, civil
liberties, and social reform.
A belief in total personal freedom without the constraints of imposed rules; as
a political ideology, advocates maximum individual freedom and an absence of
government intervention.
A feeling of attachment and loyalty to a particular society, or territory, and
strong support for its interests.
This ideology seeks to lessen the income gap between the rich and poor by
advocating government funding for education, housing, health, employment,
and pensions.
A political and economic system in which the means of production and
distribution of goods are owned collectively and political power is exercised by
the whole community.
A form of government in which the state assumes total control of all aspects
of society and individual life.

Political Thought

Hinduism

Cosmic order is mirrored in the smallest detail

of daily life, all decisions, including political ones
are considered religious in some sense

Judaism

Jewish leader
After Roman conquest, led to Diaspora
Teaching of the Torah
Holocaust (1933-1945)

Political activity
Ahimsa (Doctrine of non-violence)
was the basis of Gandhis civil
disobedience against British rule
before India gained independence in
1947
Established legal system court of
rabbis settled community disputes
Resulted in no territorial homeland
Caused informal political structure
Maintained social structure and ritual
s
New beginning in new homeland
Israel given to them after WW1

Islam

Religion and government are inseparable

The state is expected to provide an
environment to practice religion
Should the leader fail, to do so the people are
entitled to dispose of him
Quran influenced in government structures by
advocating: human dignity, righteous living ,
moral responsibility and social justice
Doctrine of ahimsa non-violence
Teaching benefit all beings (common good)
Emphasizes forgoing ones personal
enlightenment in favour of helping others attain it

Affects womens rights

Separation of women and men state
in institutions
Government does not discriminate
based on race or class, and women
were given legal status and protection

Confucianism

Advise them to act humanely towards their

subjects
Became a guide for wise government
emphasizing ritual behaviour family loyalty
Men took precedence over women, elders over
youth fathers over sons
Enforced egalitarianism (promotion of equality)

Han dynasty: Confucianism became

state ideology resulted in stability

Catholicism

Discourage divorce and abortion

Integrated into some legal systems and forms
the basis of political parties
Against capitalism and communism
Again marriage and then divorce
Divine right of kings - power flowed from God

Protestantism

In Germany and England political power was

gained by government encouraging new religious
organizations and beliefs
Hardworking people would go to heaven and
that worldly success was a sign of Gods Favour,
according to Calvinism
Quakers teachings emphasize equality; sexes,
races opposed war

Certain places forbid euthanasia

Conservatives are very traditional
Government funding for catholic
schools
Helped banned pro-democracy
Sent letter to government to help
poor
Divine Right - citizens must never
defy or question the leader
Act of supremacy was used by the
pope that made church of England a
state church
Some protestant denominations
acted as political values of conscience
Protestant reformers viewed every
believer as a priest who could read the
scriptures and reconcile directly with
God through faith this humanist
outlook made it well suited to the
movement toward political democracy
in the 19th and 20th century

Buddhism

1959 - when persecuted by the

Chinese government but they did not
retaliate with violence
Became state religion (government
support and protection)
Emperor Asoka sent missionaries to
spread the word

Religions on Political Thought:

Unit 3: Chapter 4-5

Identify and explain the methods of social control in an authoritarian state
1) Indoctrination:
A process in which people are taught that only one way of thinking or doing things is desirable,
and that all others are wrong.
It begins in schools with tightly monitored curriculum and the presentation of only the political
view of the ruling elite.

 State control of media and all other public expression ensures that only the government
interpretation of events is known.
Propaganda is tied to control of media - government will use methods glorification of the leader
to influence peoples opinion.
2) Direction of Popular Discontent:
In an authoritarian state, popular discontent can result in disobedience, social disorder, or a
revolution or coup.
To avoid these possibilities, authoritarian leaders direct popular discontent away from the
government by blaming enemies within the state or foreign enemies for all the countrys
problems.
3) Controlled Participation:
Authoritarian leaders recognize that an upset group of people can lead to social disorder and
therefore establish ways that people can participate in political process when really they have no
influence.
The creation of powerless political bodies is one method of allowing controlled participation.
4) Fear:
Authoritarian leaders will use the emotion of fear to persuade citizens to support government
and programs they might not otherwise support.
The threat of violence can create mass fear an organization of secret police is usually tied to
the use of violence

Identify and explain the characteristics of the modern authoritarian state

1) The Supremacy of State
The state holds all political power in an authoritarian government.
Purpose of citizens = serve the state.
Rulers justify this system by arguing that the state will create a society that meets the needs of
the people.
Obedience to the state means that peoples actions are controlled. Example media control.
2) Collective Society
A collective society is one in which the government tries to eliminate all important political,
social, and economic differences between social groups.
Individualism has no place in a collective society. People are allowed to have individual
interests and tastes, but all public activities are controlled.
3) Changing Leadership
Many authoritarian systems have no procedures for changing the political leadership and
authoritarian leaders usually rule until they die, or are forced out of office.
Leadership sometimes passes from leader to successor.
Many authoritarian leaders gain power through force or a coup dtat, or through revolutions
creating massive political change and often resulting in the overthrow of a government.

What is the purpose of a political spectrum?

A political spectrum shows the divisions between the political dimensions and how they evolved.
It provides insight on a partys or individuals political stance/attitude.

Compare and contrast the different sections of the political spectrum:

Section

Change

Role of Government

Right
Wing

prefer private
ownership over
public
rich get richer,
poor get poorer

Left
Wing

equality
dignity
increase taxes
for the benefit of
all

govt does not own

much
privatization is
emphasized
free enterprise
controls the economy
control of key
industries and resources

Central

maintain taxes
maintain
equality
stay neutral

balance of both views

maintain existing
programs
intervention for
social/economic
equality

Left Wing
Larger role for
government; smaller role
for individuals
More spending on socialwelfare programs
Reduce spending on the
military
Government should look
after those who are
powerless and
disadvantaged
There should be
government ownership of
key industries and
resources
Individual rights are
paramount
The legal system should
be more lenient and should
aim to rehabilitate
offenders

Government
Ownership
less intervention
strict regulations
more success =
more $
increase military $
less welfare $
new change in
society to benefit all
bigger govt role
decreased govt
role
against tradition
decrease military
increase welfare
shared role
between the govt
and its citizens
govt intervention
for greater equality

Centre
Government and individuals
should have a shared role
Maintain existing socialwelfare programs
Maintain existing defence
expenditures
Government has a role to
play in the economy, but the
private sector has a greater
role
The economy should be a
mix of public and private
enterprise
There must be a mix
between individual rights and
social stability
There must be a balance
between protecting society
and reintegrating offenders

Individual Rights
severe punishment
individual
responsibility
self-reliance
capital punishment
death penalty
social & economic
freedom of choice
rights of the individual
over the govt
increase taxes for
social welfare
rehabilitation for law
breakers
balance of punishing
and rehabilitating

Right Wing
Larger role for individuals;
smaller role for the
government
Less spending on socialwelfare programs
Increase spending on
military
The private business sector
should be left on its own as
much as possible
The economy should be left
in the hands of the private
sector (free enterprise)
Law and order are
paramount
The legal system must punish
law breakers more severely

The Political Spectrum

Cuba

Sweden

Canada

USA

WW2 Germany

Liberal Party of Canada

Green
Party
0

Bloc Quebecois

25

50

75

100
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
s
m

Authoritarianism
Dictatorship

Totalitarianism
Authoritarianism

S
o
c
i
a
l
i
s
m

NDP

L
i
b
e
a
l
i
s
m

Democracy

Conservativ
es

C
o
n
s
e
r
v
a
t
i
s
m

F
a
s
c
i
s
m

Authoritarianism
Dictatorship

Party Leaders
Conservative Party:
Stephen Harper
Indicators of a full democracyLiberal Party: Bob Rae
Political stability
A
multi-party system
NDP: Thomas
Muclair
A sizeable middle class
Individual
Bloc Quebecois:
Danielle rights and freedoms
Paille
Green Party: Elizabeth May

 A degree of economic development

How does the British parliamentary system differ from the Canadian parliamentary
system?
Similarities
Head of State: British Monarch
Head of government: Prime Minister
PM: most powerful politician has the final
say in all decisions
Monarch acts on advice of the PM
Bicameral (two houses): House of
Commons and the Senate
House of Commons holds true legislative
power

Differences
British Monarch: historically more political
power
No Governor General
No Provincial Premiers
659 members of Parliament
House of Lords (Senate) 700 hereditary peers
and bishops

Compare and contrast the Canadian & American Parliamentary Systems

Parliamentary
System
Canadian

American

Legislative Branch
Parliament: senate & house of
commons
Senate: appointed by PM
(patronage), 105 seats, life
term, 75 retirement
House of Commons: 308
members, 5 year terms, unlimited
number of terms
Congress: senate, house of
representatives
Senate: elected, 100 seats, 2
year terms
House of Representatives: 434
members, 6 year terms

Executive Branch

Judicial Branch

PM: indirectly elected, fired

via vote of non-confidence, 5
year terms, unlimited

Nine judges
appointed by the
PM

Directly elected President;

fired via impeachment max 2
terms x 4 years
President may veto law which
congress can then override
with a 2/3 vote

Nine judges
appointed by
President
Senate approval

How does Frances semi-presidential system differ?

France:
Head of Executive: President (5 year term) - handles foreign affairs, commands armed forces,
can dissolve legislature
Head of Legislature: Prime Minister (5 year term) - handles domestic matters
Judicial Branch: independent of the other branches of government

Unit 4: Spotlights & CPTS

Briefly discuss the following famous peoples accomplishments and failures:
Name
Eleanor
Roosevelt

Che Guvera

Accomplishment
First US delegate to the UN
Chair of Human Rights Commission
Advocate of human rights, especially
womens
Also racial injustices , advocate for
African American human rights
Influential during the Cold War, felt
compelled to confront soviets
Believed everyone should have = rights
and everyone deserves a chance in life
and freedom
Fought and overthrow Cuban
dictatorship of fulegenico Batista and tried
to overthrow others

Failure

Was wounded in the chest and died

Josef Stalin

Benito Mussolini

Yitzhak Rabin

Koffi Annon

Eva Peron

Mao Zedong
Mikhail
Gorbachev

Anwar Sadat

Youngest PM in the history of Israel

Developed the Israel defense force and
was employed in the 6 day war
Victory for Israel because they now
controlled the west bank, Gaza strip, the
Sinai peninsula and Golan heights
Secretary General of the UN
Worked with several Arab and Muslim
countries on womens rights and other
topics
Started Kofi Annan Foundation
Won noble peace prize for their work
for a better organized and more peaceful
world
Secretary of Labour, supporting higher
wages and greater social welfare benefits
Set up the Maria Eva Duarte De Peron
Welfare Foundation, distributing money,
food and medicines to those most in need
Women got the right to vote for the first
time
Launched the 5 year plan known as the
Great Leap forwards
Established large agricultural communes
Sought better relations with the US
Able to improve international and
external relationships, problems that were
within the Soviet Union were still to be
dealt with

Forced to renounce from being PM

Assassinated while leading a mass rally,
by Jewish right wing extremist

President of Egypt in 1970

Egyptian- Israeli Peace Treaty signed by
Anwar Sadat and Israeli PM

Assassinated during his annual victory

parade held in Cairo

Stood week kneed in the face of

genocide and ethnic cleansing in Rwanda,
Kosovo and Somalia
Sexual abuse scandal in Congo made a
mockery of the UNs professed
commitment to uphold basic human rights
Lack of taking responsibility

Closed schools and encouraged students

to join red guard units and enforces Maos
cult of personality
Countries economy was sinking, deeper
into crisis
Both industrial and agricultural
production were declining

 Mutual recognition of each country by

one another, complete withdrawal by
Israel of its armed forced from the rest of
the Sinai Peninsula
Freed passage of Israeli ships through
Suez Cannel

Explain the pros and cons of the following:

What?

Multinational
Corporations
Apple
Microsoft
Adidas
McDonalds
Wal-Mart
Nike

Pros
Microsoft
Gives donations from products they sell
Develop products for the better benefit of
people
Opportunities to everyone around the world

Microsoft
Insecure
Keep updating and still sell stuff with
bugs because then can charge for an
upgrade after the bugs are fixed

Adidas
Sponsors local players

Adidas
Employees getting low wages in third
world countries, not being able to meet
basic needs
Suffer abuse in the workplace and
sexual harassment and beating

Apple
Reliable and many countries are dependent
of their products to run business
McDonalds
Created jobs and better economy in newly
developing countries
Opened Ronald McDonalds Charities
helping sick kids and their families
Wal-Mart
Convenient
Nike
Sponsors high school teams
Builds athletic facilities in neighbourhood
and donates equipment

World Trade
Organization
International
Monetary
Fund

Cons

Make thing more open by lowering trade

barriers
Regulates international trade
Role in Global economy
Reform and Risk

Apple
More commercially written software
available for windows than Mac
Wal-Mart
Drives out small business
Opposed to employee free choice act
Accused of paying overnight workers
below minimum wage
Nike
Sweatshops in Asia
Multinational corporation control
politicians, media, and are destroying
the planet
Does not help developing nations
Mismanagement
Poverty

Explain the impact that the following famous people had on Canada/the world:

Who?
Pierre Trudeau

Desmond Tutu

Vladimir Lenin

Marshal McLunan

Margret Thatcher

Jean Sauv

Idi Amin

Lester B. Pearson

Impact

United Nations Purpose, Structure, Pros & Cons

Purpose: The purpose of the United Nations is to bring all nations of the world together to work
for peace and development, based on the principles of justice, human dignity and the well-being
of all people. It affords the opportunity for countries to balance global interdependence and
national interests when addressing international problems.
Structure:
General Assembly
Security Council
Human Rights Council

Economic & Social Council

International Court of Justice
Secretariat: Secretary General

Successes of the United Nations

The First and foremost it has prevented the occurrence of any further world wars.
Instrumental in the maintenance of international balance of power.

It played a Significant role in disarming the world and making it nuclear free. Various
treaty negotiations like 'Partial Test Ban Treaty' and 'Nuclear non-proliferation treaty' have
been signed under UN.

Demise of colonialism and imperialism on one hand and apartheid on the other had UN
sanctions behind them.

UN Acted as vanguard for the protection of human rights of the people of the world,
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948.

Despite crippled by Bretton Woods Institutions, UN has played limited but effective role on
economic matters. Supported the North-South dialogue and aspired for emergence of new
international economic order.

Agencies of United Nations like WHO, UNICFF, UNESCO have keenly participated in the
transformation of the international social sector.

Peace keeping operations, peaceful resolution of disputes and refugee concerns had
always been on the list of core issues.

Since 1945, the UN has been credited with negotiating 172 peaceful settlements that have
ended regional conflicts.

The world body was also instrumental in institutionalization of international laws and world
legal frame work.

Passage of various conventions and declarations on child, women, climate, etc, highlights
the extra-political affairs of the otherwise political world body.

It has successfully controlled the situation in Serbia, Yugoslavia and Balkan areas.

A number of peace missions in Africa has done reasonably well to control the situation.
Failures of the United Nations

UN opinion on Hungary and Czechoslovakia were ignored by the erstwhile Soviet Union in
1950s.

Israel had been taking unilateral action through decades in its geographical vicinity and
nothing substantial has come out even by September 2010.

No emphatic role in crisis of worst kinds like the Cuban Missile Crisis, Vietnam crisis etc.

UN was nowhere in the picture when the NATO rained bombs over former Yugoslavia.

Uni-polarity and unilateralism has shaken the relevance of the world body. Unilateral
action in Iraq was bereft of UN sanction.

Failed to generate a universal consensus to protect the deteriorating world climate, even
at Copenhagen in 2009.

Number of nuclear powers in the world has kept on increasing. UN Could not control the
horizontal expansion and proliferation of weapons and arms.

Financial dependence on the industrialized nations has at times deviated UN from

neutrality and impartiality.
The world body has failed to reflect the democratic aspiration of the world. Without being
democratic itself, it talks of democratization of the world.
Aids is crossing regions and boundaries both in spread and intensity.
Domestic situation of near anarchy in Iraq and many regions of Afghanistan, despite on
active UN. The US President scheme of withdrawal has not able to bring any specific
solutions in the region. In fact, the situation has been further aggravated.
The UN totally exposed in the case of US invasion on Iraq in name for the search weapon
of mass destruction. US has withdrawn its combat forces but the law and order and mutual
distrust has worsened and at this juncture UN seems to be clueless.

Essay Topics
Topic
Chinas One Child
Policy
pg. 174

Should Canada
Adopt Proportional
Representation?
pg. 224

Are Citizens Morally

Obliged to Break
Bad Laws?
pg. 258

The Universal
Declaration of
Human Rights:
Success or Failure?
pg. 274
Should the
Commonwealth Be
Abolished?
pg. 314

Is Free Trade
Beneficial?
pg. 364

Pros

Cons

TNCs in the
Developing Word:
Curse or Cure?
pg. 416